jr17003 cruise report · steven eadie, 4th engineer julian klepacki, eto (eng) thomas biggs, deck...

CruiseReportRRSJamesClarkRoss

JR1700326January–18February2018

PrincipalScientist:E.PovlAbrahamsen([email protected])BritishAntarcticSurvey

Cambridge

3

TableofContents:Introduction............................................................................................................................................................4Cruisepersonnel...................................................................................................................................................7Cruisenarrative.....................................................................................................................................................9ProfilingConductivityTemperatureDepth(CTD)measurements.............................................13Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................13CTDinstrumentationanddeployment................................................................................................13Dataacquisitionandpreliminaryprocessing..................................................................................14CTDdataprocessing.....................................................................................................................................14

LoweredAcousticDopplerCurrentProfiler..........................................................................................17InstrumentConfiguration..........................................................................................................................17DataProcessing..............................................................................................................................................18Results.................................................................................................................................................................19

Samplesforoxygenisotopes.........................................................................................................................21Underwaynavigationaldata.........................................................................................................................23Instrumentationanddatacollection....................................................................................................23Processing.........................................................................................................................................................23

Underwayoceanographicandmeteorologicaldata..........................................................................25Instrumentationanddatacollection....................................................................................................25Processing.........................................................................................................................................................25Salinitysamples..............................................................................................................................................26

Salinometer............................................................................................................................................................27Standardseawater........................................................................................................................................27Salinometer.......................................................................................................................................................27CTDcalibration...............................................................................................................................................27Underwaycalibration..................................................................................................................................28

Ship-mountedAcousticDopplerCurrentProfiler..............................................................................29Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................29Settings...............................................................................................................................................................29Sequencefilesandoutputdataformat................................................................................................30Post-processingusingMatlab..................................................................................................................30

Gliderrecoveries.................................................................................................................................................35Swathbathymetry..............................................................................................................................................37Instrumentsandmethods.........................................................................................................................37Centrebeamdepths......................................................................................................................................38

AppendixA:Eventlog.......................................................................................................................................39AppendixB:SADCPlog....................................................................................................................................51AppendixC:Swathlog......................................................................................................................................53AppendixD:AMEreport.................................................................................................................................55

4

Introduction CruiseJR17003tookplaceonRRSJamesClarkRossfrom26Januaryto18February2018.ThemainobjectiveofthecruisewastheannualreoccupationoftheA23sectionfrom64°StoSouthGeorgia.Thiswasthe12threpeatofthesection,andthetenthonJCR.ThisworkisnowpartoftheORCHESTRA(OceanRegulationofClimatebyHeatandCarbonSequestrationandTransports)project.Inaddition,werecoveredfourglidersthathadbeendeployedonJR17001forORCHESTRA,andtwoglidersneartheP3mooringsitethathadbeendeployedinNovemberonDY86aspartoftheGOCART(GaugingoceanOrganicCarbonfluxesusingAutonomousRoboticTechnologies)project(PI:StephanieHenson).WhilewaitingforweathertoimprovefortheP3gliderrecoveries,wedidtwoCTDsectionsacrosstheshelfbreaksouthofSouthGeorgianearKingHaakonBay,fourstationsacrossthetroughleadingintothebay,andfourstationsintothebay,includingoneintheinnerbasinofthefjord.ThisadditionalworkwillhopefullybeusefulinplanningtheupcomingDiscovery100project.Thiswasaverysuccessfulcruise,withallglidersrecovered,alloftheplannedCTDcastsperformed,andadditionalCTDsnearSouthGeorgia.Thiswouldnotbepossiblewithoutthesterlingeffortsoftheship’sofficersandcrew,andthescienceandsciencesupportteamonboard.

PovlAbrahamsen

Figure1:OverviewofthecruisetrackandCTDstationsoccupiedonJR17003

5

Figure2:CTDstationsontheA23section;theinsetshowsthenorthernmostpartofthesection.

6

Figure3:CTDstationsinKingHaakonBayandonthesurroundingshelfandshelfbreak.

7

Cruise personnel Science party PovlAbrahamsen,PSO(BAS)DavidBett(BAS&Southampton)PeterDavis(BAS)

ElainaFord(BAS)MichaelHemming(UEA)HughVenables(BAS)

Science support CarsonMcAfee,AME ManosTsentides,IT

Officers and crew

GrahamChapman,MasterSimonWallace,ChiefOfficerGeorginaDelph,2ndOfficerDominicHills,3rdOfficerGeorgeHale,3rdOfficerCharlieWaddicor,ETO(Comms)AndrisKubulins,ChiefEngineerChristopherDonaldson,2ndEngineerAleksandrHardy,3rdEngineerStevenEadie,4thEngineerJulianKlepacki,ETO(Eng)ThomasBiggs,DeckEngineerJonathanJackman,DeckEngineerLloydSutton,PurserCliffordMullaney,BosunScienceOpsGrantFraser,BosunScienceOps

Christopher“Chicago”Littlehales,BosunJohnO’Duffy,Bosun’sMateCraigLennon,LaunchmanChristopherDevitt,ABMartinsNeilands,ABRobertLeech,ABPaulaMunozGarcia,DeckhandCarlosVargasLeon,MotormanStephenPictor,MotormanPadraigMolloy,ChiefCookBrianRobertson,CookDerekLee,SeniorStewardJamesNewall,StewardBrianWinton,StewardThomasPatterson,StewardAlicia“Pips”Tomkinson,Doctor

Backrow,LtoR:David,Pete,Hugh,Grant,Martins,Carson,Paddy,Simon,George,CarlosFrontrow,LtoR:Michael,Manos,Paula,Povl,Elaina,Pips

9

Cruise narrative PovlAbrahamsen

Mon22Jan:UK-basedpersonnel(apartfromManosTsentides,whohadflowndownpreviously,andCarsonMcAfee,whowasalreadyonboard)flewfromHeathrowtoPuntaArenas,arrivingtheeveningof23Jan.

Tues23Jan:ArrivedinPuntaArenas,flightsafetybriefingathotel.

Thurs25Jan:Departedhotel09:00fortheairport.Flightdeparted10:30,arrivingRotheraat15:30.Mostlyovercast,butniceviewofMargueriteBayandRotheraoncewedroppedthroughthecloudsbeforearrival.Gliderboxeswerecranedoutofthesciencehold,nofurtherworkdone.

Fri26Jan:TheshipdepartedRotheraat08:00,followedbysafetybriefingat09:00,boatdrillat10:30,viewingofVideotelvideo“Immersionsuits–thedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath”,followedbyallship’spersonnel(evenonthebridge)donningimmersionsuits.Sciencetalkat16:00.

Sat27Jan:Windslowlypickedup,fromnowind10pmpreviouseveningto~35knotsearlyafternoon.Thenstartedtofall,stabilisingat22ktthroughevening.Removedglidercradlesfromcrates,thenranUICfamiliarisationsessionat9:00.Toolboxtalkat10:30todiscussthenextday’sgliderrecoveries.

Sun28Jan:ArrivedatthefirstSlocumglidersiteat6am,promptlyrecoveredthegliderusingthenet,anddida1000-mCTDcast.Thiswasfollowedbyafour-hoursteam,thenSeagliderrecovery,anothercast,andtwomoreSlocums,withafull-depthCTDcastattheend.Overallaverysmoothoperation,andarelieftohaveallfourglidersonboardaheadofschedule.Forecastcalledforworseningweather,withaverydeeplowpressuresystemreachingtheSouthOrkneysaroundWednesday,aboutthesametimeastheship.WeatherforecastforpassagenorthfromSignytoP3notlookinggood.

Mon29Jan:Datarecoveryfromglidersstarted.Noothereventsofnote.

Tue30Jan:Intransitallday.Poorvisibility.Downloadofgliderdatacontinued.

Wed31Jan:ArrivedatSignyIslandearlymorning,tookroutearoundnorthoftheislandandthensteamedeastinto~275mofwaterforatestCTDcastasthewinddropped,inmoderatevisibility.ThebrakeshadbeenreplacedontheCTDwinch(failedattheendofJR17001),sotheCTDwasdeployedona“doubleyo-yo”cast,withbottlesfiredonthesecondupcast.BytheendoftheCTD,thewindhaddroppedconsiderablyandvisibilityimproved,sotwoHumberswerelaunchedtotaketwostationpersonnel(PaulCousensandRobCurtis)ashore,alongwithafewsuppliesforthestationandcargofromRothera–threeboatloadsintotal.Shortlyafterlunchtheboatswererecovered.WesteamedeastalongthecoastofCoronationIslandpastcruiseshipHanseatic,andthengraduallythefogclosedinagain.Thewindandseastategraduallyincreasedovernight.

Thurs1Feb:Steamingthroughouttheday,inpoorvisibility.Heavyrollinginthemorning,graduallydecreasingthroughtheday.

10

Fri2Feb:Overnighttheshipencounteredspreadpatchesofmulti-yearseaiceandbergybits.Thiscausedalotofslalomandslowingdownthroughouttheday.Visibilitywasstillpoorattimes,withlongswell.TheCTDterminationwasloadtestedinthemorning,engineroomtourswereheldat10:30,andthescienceteamswereintroducedtothesalinometerat13:00.ETAatthefirstCTDslippedfrom5pmto11pmbecauseoficeandvisibility.

Sat3Feb:Goodstarttotheday,withplentyofCTDsandgoodprogressinspiteofpoorvisibility.Towardtheeveningweweresloweddownconsiderablybecauseofoccasionalbandsofheavymulti-yearseaiceandextensivebanksfogbanks.Otherwiseniceandcalm,withCTDsthroughouttheday.

Sun4Feb:CTDsthroughtheday.Sunbrieflybrokethroughintheafternoon,otherwiseovercast,butlessfog.Intheevening,weencounteredanotherbandoficeapproachingstation13(A23-31);luckily,therewasopenwatertotheeast,sothisstationwasdoneabout500mawayfromtheintendedposition.Thisbandoficedidn’textendmuchfarthertotheeast,sotheshipwasabletotakeashortdetourtothefollowingstation,andwedonotexpectfurtherseaiceonthiscruise.

Mon5Feb:Sleetandsnowinthemorning;fogreturned.MoreCTDs;birthdaycakeforElainaservedintheUICshortlyafter4pm.

Tues6Feb:Roughweatherinthemorning,butsunny.Sternthrustercutoutbrieflyinthemorning,causingashortdelay,butotherwisenotdelayedmuchbytheweather.Lotsofwhalesinthemorning.CTDsthroughouttheday,otherwiselittleofnote.

Wed7Feb:CTDscontinuedthroughtheday,butwindsandswellbuildingupovertheafternoon.AftertheeveningCTD(recoveredatdinnertime),theswellwasverylarge,andthecaptaindecidedtosteamveryslowly(~2kts)towardthenextCTDtoreevaluateconditionsatdawn.

Thurs8Feb:Veryroughovernight.Stilllargeswellinthemorning;theshiparrivedonstationat3am,butconditionswereunworkable.Windsgraduallydroppedthroughtheday,withswellslowlydyingdown,too.FirstCTDwentinthewaterat10am,followedbyregularcaststhroughtheday.Fogreturnedintheafternoon.

Fri9Feb:Clearday,calm,becomingfoggyinafternoon–butstillcalm.CTDterminationfailedimmediatelyafterbreakfast,requiringreplacementofthepigtail(butnotmechanicalretermination).Afterwards,CTDscontinuedthroughtheday.

Sat10Feb:LastCTDfinishedaround1am.TheshipthensteamedtothenorthernendoftheeasternsectionsouthofKingHaakonBay(sectionSG1),wherewearrivedat10:15andranswathtothesouthtodetermineCTDpositions.FirstCTDatnoon,sectioncontinueduntilaround11pm.Thenswathtowardthewest.Windstartedoutatzero,builtupto30knotsinafternoon,moderatingslightlyintheevening.

Sun11Feb:Thewindincreaseddramaticallyovernight,peakingaround50ktat3am.Swathlineswererun,butwithlotsofgaps.Thankfully,thedeeppartoverthetroughwascompletedwithouttoomanyproblems,andaftertheshipturnedsouththereweremorereturns.ThefirstCTDofthedaystartedaround6:30am,andthewesternsection(SG2)wascompletedat19:30.Thentheweatherturned,withthewindincreasing

11

considerablyovernight.TheshipsteamedslowlytowardthestartofsectionSG4(intoKingHaakonBay),tocheckconditionsatdawn.

Mon12Feb:Conditionswerestillroughinthemorning;afterre-evaluatingtheweatherat5am,theshipsteamedtowardthefifthstationinKingHaakonBay(SG4_5).FourshallowCTDcastsweredoneinthebay,acrosstheshallowsill;sciencewasthenstoppedforanhourforabarbecueontheaftdeck–ablymannedbythechiefofficeranddeckengineer.TheshipsteamedoutofKingHaakonBaytosectionSG3,wherefouradditionalCTDcastsacrossthetroughwereperformed,finishingat8pmtosteamtoP3forgliderrecoveriesandaCTDcast.

Tues13Feb:Reasonableweatherovernight,thoughthewindstartedtopickupinthemorning.AfterarrivingnearP3at9:15am,wequicklyrecoveredthefirstgliderusingthenet.Thesecondgliderwasrecoverednotlongafterwards,andafull-depthCTDcastwastakenasafedistanceawayfromtheP3mooring.WethensteamedtowardCumberlandBay,topickuptwopersonneltobetakenfromKEP/GrytvikentoStanley.SouthGeorgiabriefingvideoshowntoallship’spersonnelintheafternoon.

Wed14Feb:ArrivedinCumberlandBayinthemorning,inreasonableweather,anddroppedanchoroffKingEdwardPoint.Afterabriefingbythegovernmentofficer,twoHumberswerelaunched,andmostSPPsandmanycrewwentashore.Generallygoodweatherinthemorning,turningworseintheafternoon,withincreasingwindandrain.Allbackonboardby14:30,anchorsaweighat15:15.ShipleftCumberlandBayboundforStanley.StronggustsofwindleavingCumberlandBay,androughweatherovernight.

Thurs15Feb:Weatherimprovedthroughouttheday,butshipstillpitchingquiteseverely.ImmersionsuitdrillforSPPsinthemorning.Partialsolareclipseintheevening,withmaximum(40%)around18:30local,21:30UTC.

Fri16Feb:Weatherimprovedconsiderably.Threesalinitycratesrunintheafternoon;cargopaperworkcompleted.Cruisereportwritingcontinues.Safetycommitteemeetingat16:00.FormaldinnerintheeveningforCharlieWaddicor’sretirement.

Sat17Feb:Swathswitchedoffinthemorning;lastsalinitycraterunafterbreakfast.Labcleanupintheafternoon.Quizintheevening,narrowlywonbytheSPPteam.

Sun18Feb:ADCPswitchedoffbeforebreakfast;arrivedatFIPASSeastberthat8am.Labsignoffandkitbagreturncompletedshortlyafter10am;mostSPPswentforawalkashore.SPPsdisembarkedat14:15,tostayashoreatShorty’s,exceptHughVenables,whoisstayingonforJR17003A.AllSPPsexceptHughmetforpost-cruisedinneratMalvinaHouse.

Mon21Feb:DayashoreintheFalklands;severaldisembarkedSPPswenttoVolunteerPoint.AllmetfordinneratShorty’s.

Tues20Feb:Scienceandsciencesupportpersonnel,plustwoship’screw(LeechandJackman)departedStanleyat07:30for11:40MODflightfromRAFMountPleasanttoRAFBrizeNorton,withatwo-hourrefuellingstopinCapeVerdeinthemiddleofthenight.

13

Profiling Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) measurements HughVenables

Introduction AConductivity-Temperature-Depth(CTD)unitwasusedtoverticallyprofilethewatercolumn.60CTDswerecarriedoutintotal,withCTD5consistingoftwocastsduringawiretest.CTDpositionsareincludedintheeventloginAppendixA.

CTD instrumentation and deployment TheSea-BirdScientificSBE9plusCTDwasmountedinarosettewithanSBE32carouselwatersamplerand2412-litreNiskinbottles,andwasconnectedthroughtheseacabletoanSBE11plusdeckunitintheUIC.TheSBE9plusunitcontainsaParoscientificpressuresensorandwasconnectedtodualindependentCTductswithSBE3plustemperatureandSBE4CconductivitysensorsandanSBE5Tsubmersiblepump.AnSBE35DeepOceanStandardsThermometermakestemperaturemeasurementseachtimeabottleisfired,loggingtime,bottleposition,andtemperature,allowingcomparisonoftheSBE35readingswiththeCTDandbottledata.AdditionalsensorsincludedaTritechPA200altimeter,aChelseaTechnologiesGroupAquaTrackaMkIIIfluorometer,anSBE43dissolvedoxygensensor(plumbedintotheprimaryCTduct),aBiosphericalQCP2350photosyntheticallyactiveradiation(PAR)sensor,andaWETLabsC-Startransmissometer.Thealtimeterreturnsreal-timeaccuratemeasurementsofheightofftheseabedwithinapproximately100mofthebottom.ThisallowsmoreaccuratedeterminationofthepositionoftheCTDwithrespecttotheseabedthanispossiblewiththeSimradEA600system,whichsometimeslosesthebottomorrevertstodefaultvalues(approximatelymultiplesof500m)and,indeepwater,oftenreturnsdepthsthatareseveraltensofmetresdifferentfromthetruebottomdepth.AfinattachedtotheCTDframereducedrotationofthepackageunderwater.TheCTDpackagewasdeployedfromthemid-shipsgantryonacableconnectedtotheCTDthroughaconductingswivel.CTDdatawerecollectedat24HzandloggedviathedeckunittoaPCrunningSeasaveversion7.22.3(Sea-BirdScientific),whichallowsreal-timeviewingofthedata.TheprocedurewastostartdataloggingduringdeploymentoftheCTD,thenstoptheinstrumentat10mwireout,wheretheCTDpackagewasleftforatleasttwominutestoallowtheconductivity-activatedpumpstoswitchonandthesensorstoequilibratewithambientconditions.Thepumpsconsistentlyswitchedon60secondsaftertheinstrumententeredthewater,astheyshould.Afterthe10-msoak,theCTDwasraisedtoasclosetothesurfaceasseaconditionsallowedandthenloweredtowithin10moftheseabed.Bottleswerefiredontheupcast,wheretheprocedurewastostoptheCTDwinch,holdthepackageinsituforafewsecondstoallowsensorstoequilibrate,andthenfireabottle.TheCTDwasleftatthisdepthfor~10secondstoallowtheSBE35temperaturesensortotakereadingsover8datacycles.Thesensoraveragesthesereadingstoproduceonevalueforeachbottlefire.IfduplicatebottleswerefiredatanydepththeSBE35doesnottakereadingsunlessthereisa10-secondgapbetweenfirings.Thewatersamplerneedstimetorechargebetweenfiringsbutcancopewithtwoinsuccession.

14

Data acquisition and preliminary processing TheCTDdatawererecordedusingSeasaveversion7.22.3,whichcreatedfourfiles:JR17003_[NNN].hexhexdatafileJR17003_[NNN].XMLCONasciiconfigurationfilecontainingcalibrationinformationJR17003_[NNN].hdrasciiheaderfilecontainingsensorinformationJR17003_[NNN].blasciifilecontainingbottlefireinformationwhereNNNistheCTDnumber(column2ofthetableinAppendixA).TheSBEDataProcessingmoduleDatcnvwasusedtoconvertthehexfiletoascii.Alignwasthenusedtoaccountforthetimelagoftheoxygensensor,withdatabeingadvancedby5seconds.Thecellthermalmass(celltm)modulewasthenusedtoremovetheconductivitycellthermalmasseffectsfromthemeasuredconductivity.Thisre-derivesthepressureandconductivity,takingintoaccountthetemperatureofthepressuresensorandtheactionofpressureontheconductivitycell.Theoutputofthisprocessisanasciifile,namedasJR17003_[NNN]_align_ctm.cnv.

SBE35 high precision thermometer DatafromtheSBE35thermometerwereusuallyuploadedaftereverycastusingtheSeaTermprogram.Oncethereadingshadbeenwrittentoanasciifile,thefilewasopenedandthecontentscheckedtomakesurethecorrectnumberofreadingshadbeenstored.ThememoryoftheSBE35wasthenclearedusingthe‘samplenum=0’command.Tocheckthatthememorywasclear,thecommand‘ds’wasentered,whichdisplaysthenumberofdatapointsstoredintheinstrument’smemory.Thisnumbershouldbe0.Thedateandtimearealsoshownbythedscommandandtheseshouldbecheckedandcorrectedifneeded.

Salinity samples Salinitysamplesweretakenfromdeepareaswithlittlesalinitygradientandthemixedlayerdepth,aswellaseverydepthwherea∂18Osamplewastaken.Onceanalysed,theconductivityratioswereenteredbyhandintoJR17003_master.xls,convertedtosalinitiesandusedforfurtherCTDdataprocessing.

CTD data processing FurtherprocessingofCTDdatawascarriedoutinMatlabusingexistingprograms,predominantlywrittenbyMikeMeredithandKarenHeywood,withmodificationsbynumerousothers,andfurthersignificantchangesmadeonJR177andJR307.Furthersignificantchanges,mostlygeneralisingthecodetoreducethenumberofadjustmentsneededbetweencruisesweremadeonJR17003aandcoveredinthatcruisereport.Theprocessingroutinesweresplitintotwosubsets:thosethatcouldbecarriedoutintheabsenceofsalinitycalibrationdataandthosethatrequiredtheJR17003_master.xlsfilecontainingthesalinometerreadings.ThefirstsubsetofprogramswasrunfollowingeachCTDcastandallowedavisualcheckofthedatatoensurethattheinstrumentswereworkingcorrectly.ThesecondsubsetwasrunforthoseCTDsforwhichsaltsampleshadbeencollected,followingthesalinityanalysis.ThefirstsubsetofMatlabroutinesappliedtotheCTDdataisasfollows:

• ctdread17003invokesthecnv2matroutinewrittenbyRichSignelltoreadintheJR17003_ctd_NNN_align_ctm.cnvfile.DataarestoredinMatlabarraysandnamedaccordingly.Latitudeandlongitudearenowwrittenintothefileduringdatacapture.TheoutputfileisoftheformJR17003_ctd_NNN.cal.

15

• editctd17003readsinJR17003_ctd_NNN.calandremovesthe10-msoakpriortotheCTDcast,throughfindingtheminimumpressureafterthesoakandaskingforuserconfirmationafterdisplayingthefullpressureplotforthecast.Forunusualcaststhereisthentheoptiontomanuallyenterascancountforthestartofacastoreditoutpressurespikes.DatacollectedattheendoftheupcastwhentheCTDwasoutofthewaterisremovedgraphicallybyselectingbadconductivitieswhenthepackageisoutofthewater,thesegoingwrongbeforepumpsareswitchedoffandatpressureseithersideofzerodependingonpressuresensoroffsets.TheselecteddatapointsaresettoNaNforallscientificsensors.Primaryandsecondaryconductivityarealsodespikedusingtheinteractiveeditoratthesametime,withtheoptiontoeditthetemperatureprofilesandT/Splots(wheresmallconductivityspikescanbemoreobvious).SelecteddatapointsaresettoNaN.ThesepointsarealsosettoNaNforPAR,fluorescence,oxygenandtransmission.OutputisJR17003_ctd_NNN.edt.

batch17003.mthenruns:• salcalappcheckswhetherbottlefileshavebeengeneratedfromsalinitysamples

(seethesecondsubsetofroutines,below).Ifitdoesnotfindtherequiredfile,itloadsJR17003_ctd_NNN.edtandcalculatessalinity,potentialtemperatureandσθ,σ2andσ4aspertheUNESCO1983algorithmsbyinvokingtheroutinessw_salt,sw_ptmpandsw_pden.θandsalinityarecalculatedforboththeprimaryandsecondarysensors,whilstσiscalculatedusingprimarytemperatureandconductivity,exceptforcasts23and38wherethesecondarysensorsareused.OutputisJR17003_ctd_NNN.var.

• splitcastreadsinJR17003_ctd_NNN.varandsplitsthedowncastandupcastintoJR17003_ctd_NNN.var.dnandJR17003_ctd_NNN.var.up.Asthepressureprofilehasbeenchecked,thiscanbesafelydoneusingthemaximumpressure.

• fallratewasaddedonJR307(afterretrospectivelybeingappliedtoJR161andJR177dataandJR299throughmstarprocessing).Itisamatlabversionoftheseapathloopeditscript.Ithastoberunaftertheinitialsoakisremovedasitremovesanydatapointonthedowncastwherepressureislessthanonepreviouslyrecordedorifthefallrateis<0.25ms-1.Loopeditflagssuchpoints(excludingtheinitialsoakifsetto)buttheseflagswerenotsubsequentlyusedintheprocessingandoftendiderroneouslyincludetheinitialsoak.Thisprocessresultsinsmootherdensityprofileswithfewerapparentoverturns.InputandoutputisJR17003_ctd_NNN.var.dn–itisnotrunontheupcastasitwillremovebottlestops.

• gridctdreadsinbothJR17003_ctd_NNN.var.dnandJR17003_ctd_NNN.var.up,andaveragesthedatainto2-dbarbins.DataarepaddedwithNaNsto5999dbar,therebyensuringthatarraysforallCTDsarethesamesize.OutputsareJR17003_ctd_NNN.2db.matandJR17003_ctd_NNN.2db.up.mat.

• fill_to_surfwasnotrun.Itallowsanymissingdataatthesurfacetobefilledwithvaluesfromthenextnon-NaNline.Thisshouldonlybecarriedoutwheretheupperwatercolumniswellmixed.MissingvaluesforthetimestampandPARareleftasNaNs.Theoutputfileisthesameastheinputfile.

• ctdplot17003readsinJR17003_ctd_NNN.2db.matandplotsprofilesofθandsalinity(bothprimaryandsecdondary),density,fluorescence,transmission,oxygenandPAR.PlotsareoutputfortheentireCTDdepthandforonlytheupper200mofthecast.Theseplotsaresavedaspngfilesandprinted.

16

ThesecondsubsetofMatlabprogramsisasfollows:• makebot17003readsinJR17003_ctdNNN.ros,JR17003_ctdNNN.BLand

JR17003_ctdNNN.int,andextractsCTDpressure,temperature(1&2),conductivity(1&2),transmission,fluorescence,oxygenandPARforeachbottlefired.Italsocalculatesthestandarddeviationforpressure,temperatureandconductivity,andwritesawarningtothescreenifthosefortemperatureandconductivityaregreaterthan0.001.Salinityandpotentialtemperaturearecalculatedfrombothprimaryandsecondarytemperatureandconductivityusingds_saltandds_ptmp.ResultsaresavedinJR17003botNNN.1st.

• readsal17003extractssalinitycalibrationdatafromJR17003_master.xlsandreadsinJR17003botNNN.1st.Datafromduplicatesalinitysamplesarestoredinniskinsalts.mat,andifthestandarddeviationofthesesamplesis>0.002,awarningiswrittentothescreen.OutputisJR17003salNNN.mat.

• addsal17003readsinJR17003botNNN.1standJR17003salNNN.mat,andstoresallsalinityinformationinJR17003botNNN.sal.

• setsalflag17003loadsJR17003botNNN.salandflagsthosebottleswithhighstandarddeviationsfortemperatureandconductivity.OutputisJR17003botNNN.sal.

• salplot17003loadsJR17003_ctdNNN.intandJR17003botNNN.sal,andplotssamplesalinitiesontopoftheCTDsalinityprofiles,allowingavisualcheckofthedata.PlotsofconductivityandtemperaturestandarddeviationsagainstCTDsalinityminussamplesalinityarealsogenerated.

• sb35read17003loadsJR17003sbeNNN.asc,JR17003botNNN.1standJR17003_ctdNNN.cal,andplotsSBE35temperatureminusCTDtemperature(1&2)foravisualcheck.TheSBE35dataaresavedinJR17003botNNN.sb35andSBE35temperatureminusCTDtemperatureissavedintempcals.all.mat.Thisscriptmustberunpriortosalcal17003.

• salcal17003loadsJR17003botNNN.sal,JR17003_ctdNNN.intandtempcals.all.mat,andusessamplesalinitiesandSBE35temperaturestocalculateconductivityoffsetsforbothCTDsensors.Alloffsetsarestoredinsalcals.all.mat.Plotsoftemperatureandconductivityoffsetsareoutputtothescreen.

• tempcal_decideandsalcal_decidereadintempcals.all.matandsalcals.all.mat,andplotsprimaryandsecondarytemperatureandconductivityminusSBE35temperatureandconductivitycalculatedfromthesalinitysamples.ThisallowsdeterminationofanyoffsetsthatshouldbeappliedtocalibratetheCTDsensors.Temperatureoffsetsareneededfirstfortheback-calculationofconductivityfrombottlesamples.Thetwooffsetsforeachsensorshouldbecheckedtomakesuretheyremovedifferencesbetweenthesensorsaswellasfitthemtothecalibrationvaluesavailable.

Oncethissecondsubsetofprogramshasbeenrun,theoffsetsfoundincalibrationsareenteredintosalcalapp,whichisthenrunagain.Anyrequiredtemperatureorconductivityoffsetisappliedhere,andsalinity,θ,andσarerecalculated;theuncalibratedvaluesaresavedwith_uncalappendedtovariablenames.OffsetdataaresavedinJR17003botNNN.cal.Allprogramsfollowingsalcalappmustthenbere-runwithversionsincludingthe_uncalvariables.

17

Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler DavidBett

Instrument Configuration OncruiseJR17003twoTeledyneRDI300-kHzWorkhorseMonitorLADCPswereusedincombination.TheseinstrumentswereattachedontotheCTDframe,withonebeingfittedsoithasadownwardfacingorientation(master)andanotherwithanupwardone(slave).Inpreparationforeachcastapre-deploymentscriptwasruntotestthattheinternalelectronicswereperformingcorrectly.Thendeploymentscriptsweresentfirsttotheslave,thentothemaster,tostartdataacquisition.Boththepre-deploymentandthemaster/slavedeploymentscriptsareincludedbelow,withabriefdescriptionoftheparametersusedinoursetup.Thetimingsusedresultinstaggeredpulseswithanintervalof1.3/1.5s,withthemasterLADCPpingingapproximately550msaftertheslave.Pre-deploymenttestscriptPS0 printsystemconfiguration,sothisisincludedinthetranscriptfilePA runstandardpre-deploymenttestsPT200 runallbuilt-intestsPC2 displayorientationandothersensordataRS displayspaceused/freeonmemorycardMasterdeploymentscriptCR1 resettofactorysettingsRNMA173 setfilenameprefixforJR17003masterWM15 watermode15(LADCP)TC2 ensemblesperburst:2LP1 pingsperensemble:1TB00:00:02.80 timeperburst:2.8sTE00:00:01.30 timeperensemble:1.3sTP00:00.00 notimebetweenpingsLN25 numberofdepthcells:25LS0800 binsize:8mLF0 blankaftertransmit:0cmLW1 narrowbandwidthLADCPmodeLV400 ambiguityvelocity:400cm/sSM1 setasmasterLADCPSA011 sendsynchronizationpulsebeforeeachensembleSB0 disablehardware-breakdetectiononChannelBSW5500 wait550msaftersendingsynchronizationpulseSI0 sendasynchronizationpulseaftereachensembleEZ0011101 sensorsource:usemanualspeedofsound(1500m/s);manual

depthoftransducer(0m);measuredheading,pitch,roll;manualsalinity(35psu);measuredtemperature

EX00100 usebeamcoordinatesCF11101 flowcontrol:automaticensemblecycling(nextensemblewhen

18

ready);automaticpingcycling(pingwhenready);binarydataoutputformat(ifserialoutputisenabled,whichitisn’t);disableserialoutput;enabledatarecorder

CK saveasuserdefaultsCS startpingingSlavedeploymentscriptCR1 resettofactorysettingsRNSL173 setfilenameprefixforJR17003slaveWM15 watermode15(LADCP)LP1 pingsperensemble:1TP00:00.00 notimebetweenpingsTE00:00:00.00 timeperensemble:noneLN25 numberofdepthcells:25LS0800 binsize:8mLF0 blankaftertransmit:cmWB1 settonarrowbandwidth(note:thiscommandisredundant)LW1 narrowbandwidthLADCPmodeLV400 ambiguityvelocity:400cm/sSM2 setasslaveLADCPSA011 waitforsynchronizationpulsebeforeensembleSB0 disablehardware-breakdetectiononChannelBEZ0011101 sensorsource:usemanualspeedofsound(1500m/s);manual

depthoftransducer(0m);measuredheading,pitch,roll;manualsalinity(35psu);measuredtemperature

EX00100 usebeamcoordinatesCF11101 flowcontrol:automaticensemblecycling(nextensemblewhen

ready);automaticpingcycling(pingwhenready);binarydataoutputformat(ifserialoutputisenabled,whichitisn’t);disableserialoutput;enabledatarecorder

CK saveasuserdefaultsCS startpinging

Data Processing Thebinaryfilesrecordedbytheinstrumentweredownloadedontothelocalcomputeraftereachcast.ThesewerethenbackedupontotheJRLBserverunderlegdata/LADCPalongwiththelogfiles.AlldatawereprocessedusingMatlabcodedevelopedatLamont-DohertyEarthObservatorybyMartinVisbeckandupdatedbyAndreasThurnherr(versionLDEO_IX13).Thepackagecalculatesvelocitybasedonbothshearandinversionmethods.Modificationsoftheset_cast_params.mscriptweremadebyDavidBettandPovlAbrahamsentoloadintheprocessedCTDdataintheformofMatlabfilesinsteadofNetcdf(mstar).Ifprocessedfilesarenotavailable,thescriptrevertstousingpreliminaryfilesgeneratedfromtheraw24-HzCTDdata.Theprocessingshouldthenbere-runonceprocessedCTDfilesareavailable.However,astheMatlab1-Hzdatafilesdonotcontainpressuredatafromthesoak(thesevalueshavebeensettoNaN),itisworthnotingthatthisscriptnowusestheCTDpressurefromtheraw24-Hzdatafiles

19

(asinprelim_set_cast_params.m)whentheprocessedpressureisNaN,asafixtogetinitialresults.Therefore,thedatashouldideallybeprocessedagainusingtheprocessedCTDpressure.Thescriptwasalsoedited,sothattime-varyinglatitudeandlongitudevaluesweretakenfromtheloggedSeapathGPSdatastreams,asthe1-HzMatlabfilesdonotcontaintheship’spositionduringthecast.

Results TheLADCPwasusedonallstationsduringthecruise.Thedatalookgoodonmoststationsafterprocessing,withnoevidentproblems.Figure4showsthevelocitycomponentsforcastsalongtheA23repeatsection.Itisworthnotingthoughthatstation31zonalvelocitiesdoatfirstappearanceseemtobeanoutlier,howevertheresultsarestillwithintheexpectedrange,butthiswillneedtobeinvestigatedfurther.

Figure4:Zonal(uppergraph)andmeridional(bottomgraph)velocitiesalongtherepeatsectionA23.

21

Samples for oxygen isotopes PovlAbrahamsenOntheA23sectionandonstation55(theinnermoststationinKingHaakonBay),watersampleswerecollectedfor∂18Oanalysis.Intotal,248sampleswerecollectedonthecruise:243fromA23andfivefromstation55.ThesewereconsignedbacktotheUKwithinstructionstorefrigeratethroughthetropics;theywillbeanalysedattheNERCIsotopeGeosciencesLaboratory(NIGL),BritishGeologicalSurvey,Keyworth.Eachsamplewascollectedina30-mlNalgenewideneckHDPEbottlewithascrewcap.Athermallyprintedlabelwithauniquesequentialnumberwasappliedtothebottlewhilestilldry,andthestationandNiskinbottlenumberwerewrittenonthelabelinpermanentmarker.ThebottlewasrinsedthreetimeswithwaterfromtheNiskinbottlebeforeitwasfilledtothetopwithwater,andthecapscrewedtightlyontothebottle.Thesequentialbottlenumberwasnotedonthesamplinglog(inthe“O-18bottle”column).OnA23,asubsetofstationsanddepthswaschosentogivereasonablecoverageofthewatermasspropertieswithanemphasisonsurfaceandbottomwaters,basedondatafrompreviouscruises,wheremoresampleshadbeencollected.ForeachNiskinbottlethatwassampledfor∂18O,asalinitysamplewasalsocollectedandanalysedonboard.ThedistributionofsamplesontheA23sectionisshowninFigure5.

Figure5:Distributionof∂18OsamplestakenontheA23sectiononJR17003(startingfromthesouth,goingnorth).Notethechangesofscaleonthedistanceaxisat1079kmandonthedepthaxisat400m.

23

Underway navigational data HughVenables

Instrumentation and data collection Navigationaldatawerecollectedcontinuouslythroughoutthecruise.Instrumentationwasasfollows:

• SperryMk37ModelDGyrocompass• KongsbergSeatexSeapath300(integratedGPSandinertialposition,heading,

andattitudesystem)• Hull-mountedKongsbergSimradEA600Hydrographic12kHzechosounder

(transducerslocatedapproximately5mbelowthewaterlevel).Navigationaldatawerecollectedeverysecond,whilstthebathymetricdatawereloggedevery10seconds.

Processing NavigationaldatawereprocessedusingUnixshellscripts(sshpstar@jrlc,password“pstar”)andMatlabusingmodifiedversionsofprogramsdevelopedbyMikeMeredith.DatawereinitiallyreadintotheUnixsystem,thentransferredtoMatlab,wherethebulkoftheprocessingwascarriedout.Directorystructuresarewrittenintofollowthepatternofthedatabeingstoredinparalleldirectoriesfromthecode(../../stream/daily_filerelativetothecode)forbothunixandmatlabscripts.

Unix • get_nav:Callsthescriptsget_gyro,get_seatexandget_tsshrp,whichinvokethe

listitcommandtoretrieve24hours(dayofyearmustbegivenasthreefigurenumber,e.g.059)ofgyrocompass,Seatexandtsshrp(heave,pitchandroll)data.Dataaresavedinsubdirectories‘gyro’,‘seatex’,and‘tsshrp’asgyro.NNN,seatex.NNNandtsshrp.NNN,whereNNNisthejday.Theupdatedversionoflistitissourcedfrom/users/dacon/projects/scs/bin

• get_ea600:Invokesthelistitcommandtoretrieve24hoursofEA600data.Dataaresavedasea600.NNN.

Matlab load_daily.mReadsinnavigationfilesoutputbytheUnixprocessing(above)bycallingthefollowingfunctions:

• load_daily_gyro:Readsintextfilegyro.NNNandwritesdatatoMatlabstructurearray.Dataareflagged,suchthatanyvariablewithflag≠50arepoor,andthusdiscarded.Outputisgyro/gyroNNN.mat.

• load_daily_seatex:Readsintextfileseatex.NNNandwritesdatatoMatlabstructurearray.Dataareflagged,suchthatanyvariablewithflag≠50arepoor,andthusdiscarded.Outputisseatex/seatexNNN.mat.

• load_daily_tsshrp:Readsintextfiletsshrp.NNNandwritesdatatoMatlabstructurearray.Dataareflagged,suchthatanyvariablewithflag≠50arepoor,andthusdiscarded.Outputistsshrp/tsshrpNNN.mat.

Foraquickvisualcheck,theprogramthenplotsseatexdata,gyrocompassheading,andpitchandroll.

24

• plot_seatex_all:Plotsentirecruisetrack.LoadsseatexNNN.matforalljdaysandGEBCObathymetrydata.

• loadea600:Readsinea600.NNNandstoresdatainMatlabstructurearray.Savesea600_NNN.mat

• cleansim500:Loadsea600_NNN.mat.Itplotsea600data(withem122dataunderneathifpresent)andasksforminimumandmaximumvaluesforinitialcleaning(defaults0and15000).DataoutsidetheselimitsandsettoNaNs.Interpolationandspikeremovalhavebeenremovedasdataarestillnotcleanandspikeremovalwasincomplete.DataarethencleanedusinganinteractiveeditorwrittenonJR299usingtheinpolygonfunctiontospeedtheprocessrelativetotwo-pointrectangularboxes.Gapsareleftasgaps.Outputisea600_NNNclean.mat.

25

Underway oceanographic and meteorological data HughVenables

Instrumentation and data collection Surfaceoceanandmeteorologicaldatawereloggedcontinuouslythroughoutthecruise.Oceandatawerecollectedfromtheship’suncontaminatedseawatersupply,whilstinstrumentsontheforwardmastmeasuredthemeteorologicaldata.Instrumentswereasfollows:

• Sea-BirdScientificSBE45thermosalinograph• WETLabsWSCHLfluorometer• WETLabsC-Startransmissometer• TwoSea-BirdScientificSBE38seasurfacetemperatureprobesattheinlet

SerialnumbersoftheinstrumentsarelistedinAppendixD.Bothsurfaceoceanandmeteorologicaldatawerecollectedat5secondintervals.

Processing InitialprocessingwascarriedoutinUnix,whichgeneratedfilesthatcouldbefurtherprocessedinMatlab.

Unix • get_underway:Callsthescriptsget_oceanlog,get_anemom,whichinvokethelistit

commandtoretrieve24hoursofunderwaydata.Outputfilesareoceanlog.NNN,anemom.NNN,whereNNNisthejday.Theupdatedversionoflistitissourcedfrom/users/dacon/projects/scs/bin

Matlab • loadunderway:Callsfunctionsloadoceanlogandloadanemomtoread

oceanlog.NNNandanemom.NNN.DataarestoredinstructurearraysandsavedasoceanlogNNN.matandanemomNNN.mat.Theprogramthencallsthefunctioncleanoceanlog,whichsetsunrealisticvaluestoNaNs,usesdspiketoremovelargespikesinconductivity,housing(CTD)temperatureandremote(hull)temperature.Linearinterpolationisusedtofilldatagaps.Datafromperiodsofflow>1.5l/minor<0.4l/minarealsosettoNaNs,asaredatafrom5minutesafteradropinflowtoallowvariablestoreturntonormal.Surfaceoceandataarefurthercleanedusinganinteractiveeditorifnecessary(conductivityfirst),whichallowsmanualremovalofremainingbaddatafromflowchangesandspikes.Salinityisthencalculatedusingds_saltandtheinteractiveeditorisusedtoremovespikesandflierpoints.TheoutputisoceanlogNNNclean.mat.

• plot_oceanlog_daily:LoadsoceanlogNNNclean.matandseatexNNN.mat,calculates1-minuteaveragesandplotsmapsofseasurfacetemperature,salinityandfluorescence.BathymetrydatafromGEBCOareincludedintheplots.Outputfilesareoceanlog_navNNN.matandoceanlog_navNNN_1minave.mat.

• plot_oceanlog_all:Loadsoceanlog_navNNN_1minave.matforalljdaysandplotsseasurfacetemperature,salinityandfluorescencefortheentirecruisetrack.BathymetrydatafromGEBCOareincludedintheplots.

• underwayAll:LoadsoceanlogNNNclean.mat,anemomNNN.matandoceanlog_navNNN.mat,andappendsalldatatoamasterfile.

26

Salinity samples Throughoutthecruise,watersampleswerecollectedforsalinityanalysisinordertocalibratetheunderwayconductivitysensor.Thecollectionandanalysisprocedureisdescribedfullyinthesalinometerchapterofthisreport.

27

Salinometer DavidBettSalinitysamplesweretakenforbothCTDcastandunderwaydatacalibration.

Standard seawater Tocalibratethereadingsfromthesalinometer,IAPSOP-seriesstandardseawaterwasused.Thisisduetothiswaterhavingapreciselyknowelectricalconductivityratio.Thespecificdetailsofthebatchusedinthisprocessaregivenbelow:Provider OSILBatchNumber P160K15 0.99983Practicalsalinity 34.993Expirydate 20thJuly2019

Salinometer ThesalinometerusedontheJR17003cruisewasGuildlineAutosal8400Bs/n68959,withaperistalticpumpattachedtotheintaketube.

CTD calibration SamplesforCTDcalibration,andtoobtainknownsalinitiesforeveryO-18sample,weretakenusingNiskinbottlesatdifferentdepthsduringthecast.Apartfromthefixeddepthsonthestationswhere∂18Osamplesweretaken,thedepthsandnumberofsamplesweredecidedbytheoperator,thoughdepthswithlowsalinitygradientstendedtobechosen.OncetheCTDhadbeenrecoveredontothedeckandsecuredinthewaterbottleannex,watersamplesfromeachNiskinbottlewerecollectedin200-mlmedicinebottles.ThesamplebottleswerefirstrinsedoutthreetimeswiththeNiskinbottlewater,beforetheactualsamplewastaken.Thenthethreadsofthebottleswerewipedwithbluerolltopreventsaltcrystalbuildup,aplasticstopperwasinserted,andthescrewcapwasreattached.Thesampleswerethenplacedbackintothecrateof24,fromwhichithadcome.Oncethiscratewasfilledwithsamplesitwasmovedintoatemperature-controlledroom(thebiologylab),whichwaskeptataround21-22°C,thoughitvariedbyafewdegreestothepositiveandthenegative,especiallywhenpeoplewerepresentintheroom.Initiallythecelltemperatureofthesalinometerwassetto21°C;however,thecoolerinthesalinometerwasunabletocopewiththetemperatureofthesamples,andmeasurementsdriftedconsiderablyduringthefirstcratesampled.Afterasecondtestrunoffivesamples,thecelltemperaturewasturnedupto24°C,asthisenabledthedevicethegivemorestablereadings.Afterthesampleswerekeptinthelabforatleast24hourstoacclimatizetoroomtemperature,theywerereadytobeprocessed.Thesalinitysampleswererunwithastandardisedprocedure.Atthestartofarun,thecellisflushedwitholdstandardsinordertobringthesalinityofthewaterinthecellclosertothatofthestandard.Thenanewbottleofstandardseawaterisanalysed.Beforetestinganybottle,itisfirstagitatedbygentlytiltingupsidedownrepeatedlyinordertomixoutanystratificationthatcouldhaveoccurredwhilethesamplehadbeenresting.TheintakepipeisthencleanedwithaKim-wipe,andanotherKim-wipeisused

28

tocleanthetopofthebottleofanysaltcrystalsthatmayhavedeveloped,beforetheplasticstopperisremoved.Thecellisthenflushedthreetimeswiththesample,ensuringthateachtimeitisfilledpasttheconductivitysensorsandthatthedeviceisonthestandbysetting.Itisthenflushedoncemorebetweeneachreading,withthreereadingsingeneralbeingtakenforeachsample,withanotherreadingtakenifthevarianceofthefirstthreeistoohigh(morethantwoonthelastdigit).Thisprocedureisrepeatedforthefollowingsamplesuntilthecrateisfinished.Thentofinishonelaststandardseawateristested,beforeanothercasecanbestarted.Ifmultiplecratesareruninsuccession,asinglestandardisusedattheendofonecrateandthestartofthenext,withthevaluesduplicatedonthelogsheets.

Underway calibration SimilartotheCTDcalibration,salinitysamplesweretakeninordertocalibratetheconductivitymeasurementsoftheunderwaythermosalinograph.Thesesampleswereinsteadcollectedviawaterthatwaspumpedfromundertheshipdirectlyintoasinkinthepreparationlab.Thesesamplesweretakenroughlyeveryfourhoursduringthecruise.ThesametechniquewasusedtosamplethiswaterasforCTDsamples,withthesamplingtimeandbottlenumbernotedonthewatchkeepinglogsheets.

29

Ship-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler MichaelHemmingIntroduction OceancurrentsweremeasuredonRRSJamesClarkRossusinga75-KHzTeledyneRDIOceanSurveyorShip-mountedAcousticDopplerCurrentProfiler(SADCP).VmDassoftware(version1.42)wasusedfordataacquisition,archivinganddisplay.DataobtainedbytheSADCPwereprocessedusingasetofMATLABroutinesduringthecruise.PreviouscruisereportswereusedasaguidefortheprocessingofSADCPdataduringthiscruise.

Settings TheSADCPwassettoruninnarrowbandmodefortheentiredurationofJR17003.Itacquireddatainabeamcoordinatesystem,profiling50binsatalengthof16meach,with1profilingpingperensemble.Thesurfaceblankingdistancewas8m,andtheSADCPensembletimewassettopingasfastaspossible(inVmDas).TheinstrumentwasrunindependentlyfromtheSSUthroughoutthecruise,withbottomtrackingonoccasionally,usingamaximumbottomsearchdepthofbetween500mand800m.Themisalignmentangleandscalingfactorwerecalculatedduringpost-processing(explainedlaterinthissection).Thecommandfilethatwasusedmostofthetimeduringthecruisecanbeseenbelow.

JR17003 SADCP Command file CR1 ResetADCPtofactorydefaultsCB611 Setthedatacollectionbaudrateto38400,noparity,1stopbit,8

databitsNP1 SwitchonNarrowbandNN50 Use50NarrowbandbinsNS1600 Narrowbandbinlength:16mNF0800 Narrowbandblankinglength:8mWP000 SwitchoffBroadband(note:thefollowingcommandsstartingwith

“W”areignoredsinceBroadbandisoff)WN100 Use100Broadbandbins(notused)WS800 Broadbandbinlength:8m(notused)WF0800 Broadbandblankinglength:8m(notused)WV390 Broadbandambiguityvelocity:390cm/s(notused)BP00 Disablesingle-pingbottomtrackBX8000 Setmaximumbottomsearchdepthto800m(notusedsince

bottomtrackisoff)WD111100000 outputvelocity,correlation,echointensity,percentgoodTP000050 HalfasecondbetweenbottomandwaterpingsTE00000100 Onesecondbetweenensembles(overriddenbyVmDas)EZ1020001 Calculatespeedofsound,nodepthsensor,externalsynchro

headingsensor,nopitchorrollbeingused,nosalinitysensor,useinternaltransducertemperaturesensor

EX00000 Outputbeamcoordinatedata(rotationsaredoneinsoftware)EA6008 Settransduceralignmentangle(60.08°)ED00063 Settransducerdepth(6.3monJCR)

30

ES0 SetSalinity(ppt)[salinityintransducerwell=0]CX0,0 Disableexternaltrigger(fromK-SyncorSSU)CK Savethissetuptonon-volatilememoryintheADCP

Sequence files and output data format TheVmDassoftwaresavedSADCPfilesintheformat‘JR17003_xxx_000nnn.aaa’,wherexxxisthefilesequencenumber,nnnisthefilenumberwithinthatsequence,andaaaisthefiletype.TheVmDassoftwaresetthefilesequencenumber,incrementingeverytimerecordingwasrestarted.Thefilenumberstartedat0andautomaticallyincreasedwhenthefilesizebecametoolarge(maxsize=10MB).Foreachsequence,9differentfiletypeswerecreated:.LOG,.ENR,.ENS,.ENX,.LTA,.NMS,.STA,.N1R,and.VMO.Thefiletypes.ENRand.N1Rarethebinaryrawdata,andnavigationaldataobtainedbytheshipSeatexGPSsystem,respectively.ATablesummarisingtheinformationstoredineachfilesequence,thefilename,startandendtimeofthefilesequence(firstandlast$PADCPlinesfromthe.N1Rfiles),theconfigurationused,andrelevantcomments,canbefoundinAppendixB.

Post-processing using Matlab MATLABscriptsoriginallycreatedbyIFMKielwereusedtoprocesstheSADCPdata.Thesescriptshavebeenadaptedovertheyearsbyseveralpeople.Therefore,pleasecheckwhetherthemodificationsareadequateforyourcruise.ItisnecessarytodefinecertaininformationintheMATLABscript(‘OS75_JCR_jr17003.m’)whenprocessingthedata.Thisincludes:

1. PathstotherawSADCPoutput(‘RAWPATH’),andtothefolderinwhichcreatedMATLABandimagefileswillbestored(‘PATH’);

2. Frameworkofthedatafiles(‘filename’)andthecruisename(‘cruise’);3. Rangeoffilesequencestobeprocessed(‘files’,e.g.[1-2]).Itisimportanttobe

awarethatthesequencesincludedinthisrangewillbeconsideredinthefinalaveragefile;

4. Averaginginterval(‘superaverage’),whichistherollingtimeperiod(seconds)thatpingensembleswillbeaveraged;

5. Yearofthecruise;6. Upperandlowerlimits(‘ref_uplim’and‘ref_lowlim’)ofthereferencelayer.For

thiscruise,theupperandlowerlimitsweredefinedas400mand600m,respectively;

7. Misalignmentanglefornarrowbandandbroadband(‘misalignment_nb’and‘misalignment_bb’),andthescalingfactorfornarrowbandandbroadband(‘amplitude_nb’and‘amplitude_bb’).

TheSADCPoperatedcontinuouslyinnarrowbandduringcruiseJR17003.Therefore,the‘misalignment_nb’and‘amplitude_nb’parametersweremodifiedonly.Theseparametersweresetas0and1,respectively,inthefirstrunofprocessinginordertoobtainthemedianmisalignmentangleandscalingfactor.Thiswasdoneusingsequenceswithoutbottomtracking(2-4,6-13,16,19).Weobtainedamedianmisalignmentangleof1.4154°andascalingfactorof1.016553takenfromplot‘adcp_calib_calc.ps’foundin‘PATH’.Theprocessingscriptwasthenranagainchanging

31

‘misalignment_nb’and‘amplitude_nb’inputparametersfrom0and1,to1.4154°and1.016553,respectively,andusingallSADCPsequences(includingbottomtracking).ThismethodwasusedbecausetheMATLABscript‘OS75_JCR_jr17003.m’considerssegmentswithbottomtrackingonly(ifincluded),ratherthanbothbottomtrackingandwatertrackingsequences,whendeterminingtheangleandscalingfactors.MoreinformationregardingtheprocessingstepsandMATLABscriptsrequiredforSADCPdatacanbefoundin‘jr165_adcp_report.pdf’.TheMATLABscript‘OS75_JCR_jr17003.m’savesfilesintheformat‘JR17003_xxx_000nnn.mat’,similartotherawdatafiles,wherexxxisthefilesequencenumber,andnnnisthefilenumberwithinthatsequence.ThesecreatedMATLABfilescontaintheabsolutehorizontalvelocity(aftercorrectingfortheshipvelocity),navigationalinformation,bindepths,andreferencelayerinformationforallsegmentsincludedinprocessing.TheseMATLABfilesareusedforcreatingplots,andareusedforLADCPprocessing.

Figure6:Distributionandtimevariabilityofmisalignmentangleandamplitude,beforeapplyingcorrection.

32

Figure7:Misalignmentangleandamplitudedistributionsafterrunningthescriptwithaninitialmisalignmentangleof1.4154°andanamplitudeof1.01655.

33

Figure8:EastwardandnorthwardSADCPcurrentvelocities(m/s)aftercorrectingfortheshipvelocity.

Figure9:SADCPcurrentdirectionandmagnitudeaftercorrectingfortheship'svelocity

35

Glider recoveries HughVenablesSixglidersweresuccessfullyrecoveredduringJR17003.TheseconsistedofthreeTeledyneRDISlocumG2glidersfromORCHESTRA(twowithRocklandScientificMicroRiderturbulenceprobes)andoneKongsbergMaritimeSeagliderfromtheUniversityofGothenburg,alldeployedonJR17001insouthernDrakePassage,andtwoSlocumsfromGOCARTdeployedinGeorgiaBasinonDY086,theCOMICS(ControlsoverOceanMesopelagicInteriorCarbonStorage)cruisetotheSouthGeorgiabloom.CTDcastswerecarriedoutaftertherecoveries(oneeachforfirstset,oneafterthesecondpair),withsamplingforPOCandChl,withsamplesreturnedtoNOCSat-80°Cforanalysis.Timeallowedforfull-depthcastsontwooccasions,thefirstthreecastsgoingto1000mdepthtomatchthegliderdivedepth.PositionsandtimesofthegliderrecoveriesaregivenintheeventloginAppendixA.Theimprovedinternetlinksontheshipenabledreal-timegliderpositionstobereceivedmuchmoreeasilythanbefore,eitherthroughadirectconnectiontotheDockserverfortheORCHESTRAglidersorautomated(andmanual)emailsfortheothergliders.Gliderswereopenedsothedatacardscouldberead.TheturbulencedataweredownloadedfromtheMicroRiders(aprocessthattookapproximately24hoursforeachMicroRider),AllrecoverieswerewiththenetsystemthathasbeenplacedaboardtheJCR(andShackleton)andwentverysmoothlyandefficientlyinwindspeedsupto28knots(thoughwithagoodseastateforthatwindspeed).Thenetwasdeployedusingthe10-tonnecranefromtheaftdeck,withheavyleadweightsattachedtoeachcorner,andsteadyinglinesattachedtotwoadjacentcorners,givinggoodcontrolofitsmovement.Theshipwasmaneuveredtobringthegliderveryslowlydownthestarboardside.Thenetwasloweredintothewaterimmediatelybeforereachingtheglider,andraisedassoonasthegliderwasfullyinsidethenet.

Figure10:RecoveryofaSlocumgliderusingthenet.

37

Swath bathymetry PovlAbrahamsenThemulti-beamsonarontheJCR,aKongsbergSimradEM122,wasrunningduringmostofthecruise,fromshortlyafterleavingRothera,untilthedaybeforearrivingatStanley.Duringthistime,datawererecordedwhenwewerenotinareasalreadycoveredbyBASmultibeamdataholdings(e.g.theA23sectionitselfandmuchoftheareabetweenSouthGeorgiaandtheFalklandIslands)Thedatahavebeensplitintofoursurveys.Thefirst,JR17003_acoversthetransitfromRotheratoSignyviathegliderrecoveryarea.JR17003_brunsfromSignytothesouthernendoftheA23section,andafewareasalongthesectionwheretheshipdivertedandcoveredpreviouslyunswathedterrain.JR17003_cgoesfromthenorthernendofA23totheshelfbreaksouthofKingHaakonBay.Itincludestwosectionsacrosstheshelfbreak,variouslinesalongandacrossthetroughleadingintoKingHaakonBay,andgoesintothebayitself,crossingtheshallowsill.SomeadditionaldatawereloggedfromKingHaakonBaytoP3andfromP3toCumberlandBay,exceptwhereswathdatahadalreadybeencollected.Thefinalsurvey,JR17003_d,coversthetransitfromKEPtoStanley,loggingdataonlywhenwewereoutsidetheexistingdataareas.ThedivisionintosurveysisshowninFigure11.

Figure11:OverviewoftheswathbathymetrydatafromJR17003,withsurveycoloursalternatingbetweenblueandred.

Instruments and methods DataacquisitionwasperformedonaWindows7workstation,em122,runningSimrad’sSISsoftware,version4.1.5.Thedefaultsettings,asdescribedinthenotes“UsingtheEM122multibeamonanopportunisticbasis”,byGwenBuysandAlexTate,version3.0

JR17003_a

JR17003_b

JR17003_c

JR17003_d

−70˚

−70˚

−60˚

−60˚

−50˚

−50˚

−40˚

−40˚

−30˚

−30˚

−60˚ −60˚

38

dated28/4/2013,wereused–withvaryingmaximumbeamangles,dependingonthedepthandseastate.Formostofthecruiseabeamangleof65degreeswasused.CTDcastswereimportedregularlyassoundvelocityprofiles,torepresentlocalconditions.Thedetailsoftheprofilesusedatdifferentpointsinthecruiseareinthetablebelow.BeforethefirstCTDcast,arepresentativeXBTcastfromJR84wasused.Datafromthiscruisehavenotbeencleanedandprocessedonboard.Generallythedataappeartobeofgoodquality,thoughsomemanualcleaningwillberequired.Duringtheroughweatherencounteredontheeveningof7-8Febmanydataweremissingbecauseofpoorreturnsfromtheseabed,possiblycausedbybubblesbeneaththetransducers.WhenrunningtheEM122,theEA600wasinpassivemode,synchronisedbytheKSyncsynchronisationsystem.

Centre beam depths TheEM122centrebeamisusedfortheship-trackbathymetry.Theoutputisfoundonthelegdatafolderunderscs/Compressin.ACOformat,andwasalsoingestedintotheunderwaynavigationprocessingasdescribedinanearlierchapterofthisreport.

39

Appendix A: Event log Theeventnumbersbelowarefromthebridgeeventlog.CTDtimesarefromtheprocessed1-Hzdatafiles.Gliderrecoveryandothertimesareeitherfromthebridgeeventlogorfromnotesmadeondeck.PositionsarefromtheSeapathGPS,withdepthsfromtheEM122multibeamechosounder.Alldepthsaremeasuredbelowthetransducer(withadraftofroughly6m).Eventno.

Event(WPT)

Time(UTC) Position WaterDepth

Description/notes

1 Glider632recovery

28/01/201809:1328/01/201809:2928/01/201809:32

60°35.101'S 063°24.990'W60°34.832'S 063°25.342'W60°34.831'S 063°22.327'W

371437243727

Glider632sightedGliderinnetGliderondeck

2 CTD1 28/01/201809:55:0728/01/201810:00:4728/01/201810:19:4828/01/201810:52:53

60°34.831'S 063°25.326'W60°34.831'S 063°25.325'W60°34.831'S 063°25.326'W60°34.830'S 063°25.327'W

3726373037293726

LoggingstartedDowncaststartedBottom(1000m)Endofupcast

3 Glider640recovery

28/01/201815:2928/01/201815:4428/01/201815:47

61°19.564'S 063°25.929'W61°19.470'S 063°25.915'W61°19.483'S 063°25.880'W

355035533552


4 CTD2 28/01/201816:05:5728/01/201816:13:3228/01/201816:33:2028/01/201816:58:30

61°19.481'S 063°25.877'W61°19.480'S 063°25.877'W61°19.481'S 063°25.878'W61°19.480'S 063°25.880'W

3555355435513560


5 Glider330recovery

28/01/201820:0628/01/201820:3128/01/201820:33

60°54.641'S 064°06.797'W60°54.301'S 064°07.225'W60°54.340'S 064°07.189'W

369736673673


6 CTD3 28/01/201820:50:3328/01/201820:55:3128/01/201821:14:1728/01/201821:38:52

60°54.350'S 064°07.171'W60°54.350'S 064°07.172'W60°54.350'S 064°07.174'W60°54.349'S 064°07.176'W

3667367036693669


40

Eventno.

Event(WPT)


Description/notes

7 Glider633recovery

28/01/201822:4828/01/201823:0528/01/201823:08

61°02.557'S 064°19.897'W61°02.284'S 064°20.534'W61°02.254'S 064°20.531'W

355034813477


8 CTD4 28/01/201823:32:0728/01/201823:35:0929/01/201800:35:3929/01/201801:54:10

61°02.255'S 064°20.532'W61°02.257'S 064°20.531'W61°02.257'S 064°20.531'W61°02.257'S 064°20.533'W

3476344434623450

LoggingstartedDowncaststartedBottomEndofupcast

Noeventno.

CTD5_01 31/01/201812:11:0931/01/201812:16:2931/01/201812:22:5731/01/201812:29:35

60°42.772'S 045°29.671'W60°42.768'S 045°29.671'W60°42.769'S 045°29.672'W60°42.769'S 045°29.670'W

275276277276

LoggingstartedDowncastStartedBottomEndofupcast

Noeventno.

CTD5_02 31/01/201812:30:3031/01/201812:31:5331/01/201812:39:3131/01/201812:47:01

60°42.772'S 045°29.671'W60°42.770'S 045°29.669'W60°42.770'S 045°29.669'W60°42.772'S 045°29.671'W

275275275275

LoggingstartedDowncastStartedBottomEndofupcast

9 CTD6(A23-24)

03/02/201802:07:5603/02/201802:12:2503/02/201803:32:4603/02/201805:58:32

63°57.928'S 028°52.660'W63°57.930'S 028°52.630'W63°57.931'S 028°52.636'W63°57.932'S 028°52.634'W

4810481648074829


10 CTD7(A23-25)

03/02/201810:07:0303/02/201810:11:5003/02/201811:39:2903/02/201814:04:45

63°20.795'S 029°34.141'W63°20.795'S 029°34.144'W63°20.795'S 029°34.140'W63°20.794'S 029°34.141'W

4739474547564750


11 CTD8(A23-26)

03/02/201816:25:1003/02/201816:30:4503/02/201817:55:0803/02/201819:55:50

63°04.362'S 030°06.906'W63°04.363'S 030°06.906'W63°04.363'S 030°06.906'W63°04.364'S 030°06.907'W

4894489148874897


41

Eventno.

Event(WPT)


Description/notes

12 CTD9(A23-27)

03/02/201823:53:0503/02/201823:58:0404/02/201801:19:1204/02/201803:15:33

62°47.064'S 030°42.014'W62°47.065'S 030°42.014'W62°47.064'S 030°42.044'W62°47.042'S 030°42.041'W

4844484648444839


13 CTD10(A23-28)

04/02/201808:17:2304/02/201808:22:0404/02/201809:41:1104/02/201812:27:45

62°29.426'S 031°15.730'W62°29.426'S 031°15.728'W62°29.426'S 031°15.730'W62°29.422'S 031°15.727'W

4793478847944789


14 CTD11(A23-29)

04/02/201815:41:0304/02/201815:46:3704/02/201817:12:1404/02/201819:23:32

62°04.518'S 031°11.002'W62°04.518'S 031°11.002'W62°04.518'S 031°11.003'W62°04.518'S 031°11.004'W

4866487748624873


15 CTD12(A23-30)

04/02/201822:00:4704/02/201822:04:4104/02/201823:03:2805/02/201800:14:10

61°39.677'S 031°06.638'W61°39.677'S 031°06.637'W61°39.677'S 031°06.636'W61°39.678'S 031°06.638'W

3408340234083552


16 CTD13(A23-31)

05/02/201801:22:1805/02/201801:26:4905/02/201802:42:1205/02/201804:18:22

61°33.161'S 031°05.608'W61°33.160'S 031°05.606'W61°33.589'S 031°04.954'W61°34.139'S 031°03.980'W

4162416142564284


17 CTD14(A23-32)

05/02/201808:40:0605/02/201808:43:5705/02/201809:42:4705/02/201811:17:57

61°10.289'S 031°02.824'W61°10.289'S 031°02.824'W61°10.286'S 031°02.824'W61°10.288'S 031°02.826'W

3473346934703479


18 CTD15(A23-33)

05/02/201812:10:3905/02/201812:16:3905/02/201813:02:3905/02/201814:06:48

61°06.612'S 031°02.580'W61°06.604'S 031°02.564'W61°06.566'S 031°02.478'W61°06.566'S 031°02.480'W

2615256025742588


42

Eventno.

Event(WPT)


Description/notes

19 CTD16(A23-34)

05/02/201817:09:5105/02/201817:14:2805/02/201817:44:4305/02/201818:35:03

60°41.988'S 031°00.568'W60°41.988'S 031°00.569'W60°41.988'S 031°00.566'W60°41.988'S 031°00.569'W

1617162216201622


20 CTD17(A23-35)

05/02/201821:06:4205/02/201821:11:0405/02/201821:56:5905/02/201822:56:21

60°18.900'S 030°57.431'W60°18.900'S 030°57.428'W60°18.900'S 030°57.431'W60°18.901'S 030°57.431'W

2697270327182714


21 CTD18(A23-36)

06/02/201801:15:2706/02/201801:19:2906/02/201802:09:5206/02/201803:30:56

59°59.638'S 030°55.661'W59°59.645'S 030°55.684'W59°59.683'S 030°55.802'W59°59.683'S 030°55.802'W

2997299629962994


22 CTD19(A23-37)

06/02/201805:27:2506/02/201805:31:0806/02/201806:37:5206/02/201808:05:44

59°45.955'S 030°54.335'W59°45.959'S 030°54.330'W59°45.956'S 030°54.326'W59°45.955'S 030°54.330'W

3798379537953795


23 CTD20(A23-38)

06/02/201810:05:0506/02/201810:10:0606/02/201811:01:4906/02/201812:11:25

59°40.450'S 030°53.887'W59°40.447'S 030°53.890'W59°40.451'S 030°53.892'W59°40.447'S 030°53.892'W

--

28842886


24 CTD21(A23-39)

06/02/201814:29:0706/02/201814:36:4206/02/201815:44:5506/02/201817:14:52

59°26.124'S 030°51.613'W59°26.122'S 030°51.626'W59°26.124'S 030°51.619'W59°26.122'S 030°51.628'W

3444345134463464


25 CTD22(A23-40)

06/02/201819:48:0906/02/201819:55:4206/02/201820:57:4706/02/201822:10:20

59°02.998'S 030°49.813'W59°02.996'S 030°49.817'W59°02.995'S 030°49.825'W59°02.998'S 030°49.822'W

3119311831173119


43

Eventno.

Event(WPT)


Description/notes

26 CTD23(A23-41)

07/02/201800:53:4607/02/201800:58:1207/02/201801:56:5407/02/201803:28:06

58°38.123'S 030°49.426'W58°38.124'S 030°49.426'W58°38.124'S 030°49.422'W58°38.123'S 030°49.426'W

3539353135333533


27 CTD24(A23-42)

07/02/201806:27:3507/02/201806:31:0907/02/201807:38:3807/02/201808:55:52

58°12.773'S 030°49.308'W58°12.775'S 030°49.318'W58°12.776'S 030°49.319'W58°12.776'S 030°49.316'W

3992399039903993


28 CTD25(A23-43)

07/02/201811:39:0007/02/201811:45:2707/02/201812:49:0707/02/201814:43:21

57°48.110'S 030°49.832'W57°48.106'S 030°49.852'W57°48.086'S 030°49.955'W57°48.088'S 030°49.955'W

3570358735843589


29 CTD26(A23-44)

07/02/201818:18:4307/02/201818:25:3707/02/201819:39:4407/02/201821:08:44

57°27.449'S 031°19.374'W57°27.448'S 031°19.378'W57°27.451'S 031°19.376'W57°27.450'S 031°19.374'W

3909382838943833


30 CTD27(A23-45)

08/02/201812:57:3808/02/201813:04:4208/02/201814:06:1608/02/201815:37:00

57°07.090'S 031°48.821'W57°07.090'S 031°48.820'W57°07.092'S 031°48.827'W57°07.091'S 031°48.822'W

3429344434373532


31 CTD28(A23-46)

08/02/201818:55:2808/02/201819:04:1308/02/201820:03:1708/02/201821:12:03

56°46.540'S 032°18.250'W56°46.542'S 032°18.248'W56°46.543'S 032°18.250'W56°46.540'S 032°18.247'W

3227322732253228


32 CTD29(A23-47)

09/02/201801:01:5209/02/201801:05:4609/02/201801:59:4509/02/201803:11:44

56°22.865'S 032°52.290'W56°22.864'S 032°52.313'W56°22.864'S 032°52.368'W56°22.864'S 032°52.368'W

3131313131293133


44

Eventno.

Event(WPT)


Description/notes

33 CTD30(A23-48)

09/02/201806:33:0609/02/201806:36:4209/02/201807:28:1609/02/201808:30:16

55°59.358'S 033°25.235'W55°59.365'S 033°25.225'W55°59.419'S 033°25.169'W55°59.420'S 033°25.168'W

3012302830503045


34 CTD31(A23-49)

09/02/201812:57:4409/02/201813:03:0109/02/201814:05:4809/02/201815:40:50

55°43.510'S 033°47.156'W55°43.510'S 033°47.158'W55°43.511'S 033°47.160'W55°43.510'S 033°47.159'W

3515347134743495


35 CTD32(A23-50)

09/02/201817:52:3309/02/201817:58:2609/02/201818:45:1009/02/201819:49:36

55°29.053'S 034°08.027'W55°29.052'S 034°08.024'W55°29.050'S 034°08.030'W55°29.053'S 034°08.030'W

2450244724462442


36 CTD33(A23-50A)

09/02/201821:49:5109/02/201821:54:0609/02/201822:29:3709/02/201823:26:09

55°17.369'S 034°23.982'W55°17.369'S 034°23.983'W55°17.369'S 034°23.982'W55°17.369'S 034°23.982'W

2074207320752073


37 CTD34(A23-51)

10/02/201800:16:4310/02/201800:20:1910/02/201800:47:2710/02/201801:20:24

55°15.583'S 034°26.597'W55°15.580'S 034°26.617'W55°15.577'S 034°26.620'W55°15.577'S 034°26.620'W

1506150515041504


38 CTD35(A23-51A)

10/02/201801:59:0610/02/201802:02:5910/02/201802:21:1010/02/201802:48:31

55°13.807'S 034°29.393'W55°13.806'S 034°29.393'W55°13.806'S 034°29.392'W55°13.806'S 034°29.394'W

1022102110231021


39 CTD36(A23-52)

10/02/201803:30:2010/02/201803:34:1010/02/201803:45:1310/02/201804:03:27

55°12.912'S 034°30.475'W55°12.914'S 034°30.480'W55°12.911'S 034°30.475'W55°12.913'S 034°30.476'W

549549549549


45

Eventno.

Event(WPT)


Description/notes

40 Swath(SG1)

10/02/201813:1810/02/201814:48

54°53.167'S 037°24.935'W55°07.066'S 037°24.994'W

2212547

StartofswathsurveyEndofswathsurvey

41 CTD37(SG1_1)

10/02/201815:22:3610/02/201815:28:2510/02/201816:13:3110/02/201817:12:14

55°06.596'S 037°24.973'W55°06.598'S 037°24.974'W55°06.594'S 037°24.972'W55°06.596'S 037°24.976'W

2496249424952497


42 CTD38(SG1_2)

10/02/201818:04:4510/02/201818:12:4710/02/201818:48:5110/02/201819:39:43

55°03.844'S 037°24.991'W55°03.844'S 037°24.992'W55°03.844'S 037°24.991'W55°03.846'S 037°24.991'W

2002200120022005


43 CTD39(SG1_3)

10/02/201820:15:0610/02/201820:20:2610/02/201820:54:3710/02/201821:26:12

55°02.707'S 037°25.006'W55°02.724'S 037°25.009'W55°02.723'S 037°25.008'W55°02.722'S 037°25.008'W

1498151015081510


44 CTD40(SG1_4)

10/02/201821:54:0210/02/201821:58:2710/02/201822:17:2810/02/201822:39:12

55°02.201'S 037°25.001'W55°02.201'S 037°25.001'W55°02.202'S 037°25.000'W55°02.201'S 037°25.000'W

9959559831002


45 CTD41(SG1_5)

10/02/201823:18:2110/02/201823:22:1310/02/201823:32:5010/02/201823:47:08

55°00.898'S 037°24.992'W55°00.898'S 037°24.994'W55°00.898'S 037°24.992'W55°00.899'S 037°24.990'W

511512511512


46 CTD42(SG1_6)

11/02/201800:13:4311/02/201800:17:1811/02/201800:23:2211/02/201800:30:14

54°59.809'S 037°24.995'W54°59.809'S 037°24.995'W54°59.810'S 037°24.997'W54°59.809'S 037°24.996'W

243243245244


46

Eventno.

Event(WPT)


Description/notes

47 CTD43(SG1_7)

11/02/201801:21:0511/02/201801:24:3911/02/201801:29:5711/02/201801:37:09

54°54.809'S 037°24.986'W54°54.810'S 037°24.988'W54°54.810'S 037°24.986'W54°54.810'S 037°24.988'W

236235237237


48 Swath(SG2)

11/02/201803:0011/02/201808:45

54°43.714'S 037°26.494'W55°00.159'S 038°14.938'W

1933417

Startofswathsurvey(slowly,roughweather)Endofswathsurvey

49 CTD44(SG2_1)

11/02/201809:24:0011/02/201809:30:0311/02/201810:20:1511/02/201811:24:35

54°58.346'S 038°15.072'W54°58.346'S 038°15.073'W54°58.349'S 038°15.074'W54°58.348'S 038°15.073'W

2578257725762572


50 CTD45(SG2_2)

11/02/201812:02:0611/02/201812:07:4111/02/201812:46:4911/02/201813:34:01

54°57.060'S 038°14.980'W54°57.060'S 038°14.996'W54°57.056'S 038°14.995'W54°57.060'S 038°14.999'W

2017201820172020


51 CTD46(SG2_3)

11/02/201814:45:3511/02/201814:51:1211/02/201815:21:0311/02/201815:58:58

54°55.655'S 038°14.998'W54°55.655'S 038°14.998'W54°55.654'S 038°14.996'W54°55.650'S 038°14.998'W

1499148915001495


52 CTD47(SG2_4)

11/02/201816:29:0211/02/201816:36:0011/02/201816:57:1711/02/201817:25:21

54°54.376'S 038°14.966'W54°54.373'S 038°14.969'W54°54.374'S 038°14.969'W54°54.374'S 038°14.969'W

102510099951025


53 CTD48(SG2_5)

11/02/201817:58:3111/02/201818:04:0811/02/201818:17:0011/02/201818:31:58

54°53.699'S 038°14.999'W54°53.698'S 038°15.000'W54°53.695'S 038°14.998'W54°53.693'S 038°15.001'W

515521517519


47

Eventno.

Event(WPT)


Description/notes

54 CTD49(SG2_6)

11/02/201819:28:0211/02/201819:32:4411/02/201819:42:2911/02/201819:52:52

54°50.152'S 038°14.999'W54°50.149'S 038°14.998'W54°50.150'S 038°14.996'W54°50.153'S 038°14.995'W

278278278279


55 CTD50(SG2_7)

11/02/201821:01:4411/02/201821:05:2211/02/201821:12:4211/02/201821:20:16

54°43.652'S 038°14.980'W54°43.654'S 038°14.977'W54°43.651'S 038°14.974'W54°43.655'S 038°14.980'W

252253251252


56 CTD51(SG2_8)

11/02/201822:43:0311/02/201822:45:4811/02/201822:49:5211/02/201822:56:55

54°38.671'S 038°14.999'W54°38.672'S 038°15.000'W54°38.674'S 038°14.996'W54°38.674'S 038°15.004'W

163165163165


57 (SG3_1) 12/02/201807:3012/02/201808:18

54°33.645'S 037°45.929'W54°33.650'S 037°45.950'W

290290

ShiponDP,assessingweatherShipoffDP,CTDnotdeployed

58 CTD52(SG4_5)

12/02/201811:15:5412/02/201811:21:3912/02/201811:28:5312/02/201811:38:34

54°11.590'S 037°31.968'W54°11.590'S 037°31.964'W54°11.591'S 037°31.967'W54°11.590'S 037°31.964'W

187181186182


59 CTD53(SG4_6)

12/02/201812:15:2512/02/201812:20:5612/02/201812:26:3012/02/201812:34:41

54°09.359'S 037°28.516'W54°09.353'S 037°28.519'W54°09.353'S 037°28.520'W54°09.350'S 037°28.519'W

112112111112


60 CTD54(SG4_7)

12/02/201813:08:5912/02/201813:13:0912/02/201813:18:5412/02/201813:28:50

54°09.554'S 037°23.669'W54°09.554'S 037°23.669'W54°09.558'S 037°23.670'W54°09.557'S 037°23.669'W

150150151152


48

Eventno.

Event(WPT)


Description/notes

61 CTD55(SG4_8)

12/02/201814:08:2012/02/201814:12:5312/02/201814:18:1712/02/201814:29:47

54°09.391'S 037°18.616'W54°09.391'S 037°18.613'W54°09.392'S 037°18.612'W54°09.391'S 037°18.613'W

105103102103


62 CTD56(SG3_6.5)

12/02/201820:00:0012/02/201820:05:0812/02/201820:12:3012/02/201820:19:23

54°43.678'S 037°37.475'W54°43.676'S 037°37.478'W54°43.676'S 037°37.476'W54°43.678'S 037°37.482'W

236238237236


63 CTD57(SG3_5)

12/02/201820:46:4012/02/201820:50:4112/02/201820:59:0012/02/201821:08:06

54°43.670'S 037°40.936'W54°43.679'S 037°40.954'W54°43.678'S 037°40.952'W54°43.678'S 037°40.954'W

310310312311


64 CTD58(SG3_3)

12/02/201821:41:5312/02/201821:46:5312/02/201821:53:1612/02/201822:02:47

54°43.684'S 037°46.788'W54°43.686'S 037°46.787'W54°43.685'S 037°46.789'W54°43.686'S 037°46.789'W

249250249250


65 CTD59(SG3_1)

12/02/201822:32:3412/02/201822:37:3312/02/201822:43:3112/02/201822:51:10

54°43.678'S 037°51.568'W54°43.676'S 037°51.596'W54°43.676'S 037°51.600'W54°43.675'S 037°51.605'W

201197197197


66 Glider398recovery

13/02/201812:0513/02/201812:2213/02/201812:24

52°46.267'S 040°06.737'W52°45.901'S 040°07.189'W52°45.896'S 040°07.189'W

375737583764

Glider398(“Churchill”)sightedGliderinnetGliderondeck

67 Glider404recovery

13/02/201813:00?13/02/201813:1413/02/201813:15

52°47.800'S 040°08.957'W52°47.754'S 040°08.877'W52°47.754'S 040°08.877'W

375637643764

Glider404(“Pancake”)sightedGliderinnetGliderondeck

49

Eventno.

Event(WPT)


Description/notes

68 CTD60 13/02/201813:43:3513/02/201813:50:1413/02/201814:57:4113/02/201816:29:35

52°46.907'S 040°09.545'W52°46.906'S 040°09.546'W52°46.906'S 040°09.547'W52°46.902'S 040°09.545'W

3759375537603762


51

Appendix B: SADCP log Seq. $PADCPtimes Files Configuration Comments1 26/01/201814:29:50.89

27/01/201814:07:26.45JR17003_001_00000-2.ENRJR17003_001_00000-1.N1R

BTon;800mrange

2 27/01/201814:08:28.4828/01/201817:09:59.52

JR17003_002_00000-5.ENRJR17003_002_00000-1.N1R

BToff;800mrange

3 28/01/201817:10:19.2429/01/201821:34:00.63

JR17003_003_00000-5.ENRJR17003_003_00000-2.N1R

4 29/01/201821:34:19.0330/01/201809:53:18.30

JR17003_004_00000-7.ENRJR17003_004_00000-2.N1R

5 30/01/201809:54:08.6601/02/201804:53:41.75

JR17003_005_00000-2.ENRJR17003_005_00000-1.N1R

BTon;800mrange NearSignyIsland

6 01/02/201804:54:49.9702/02/201817:11:36.31

JR17003_006_00000-7.ENRJR17003_006_00000-2.N1R

BToff;800mrange

7 02/02/201817:12:12.8204/02/201803:29:33.99

JR17003_007_00000-6.ENRJR17003_007_00000-2.N1R

StartofA23section

8 04/02/201803:29:36.4205/02/201803:22:24.39

JR17003_008_00000-4.ENRJR17003_008_00000-1.N1R

9 05/02/201803:22:37.1106/02/201804:11:08.37

JR17003_009_00000-4.ENRJR17003_009_00000-1.N1R

10 06/02/201804:11:16.1907/02/201804:07:18.72

JR17003_010_00000-4.ENRJR17003_010_00000-1.N1R

11 07/02/201804:07:27.3908/02/201803:04:59.10

JR17003_011_00000-4.ENRJR17003_011_00000-1.N1R

12 08/02/201803:05:07.8909/02/201803:52:50.57

JR17003_012_00000-4.ENRJR17003_012_00000-1.N1R

13 09/02/201803:52:59.9610/02/201804:29:31.23

JR17003_013_00000-4.ENRJR17003_013_00000-1.N1R

EndofA23section

14 10/02/201804:30:07.1811/02/201803:38:57.42

JR17003_014_00000-3.ENRJR17003_014_00000-1.N1R

BTon;500mrange

15 11/02/201803:39:05.8611/02/201809:21:12.56

JR17003_015_000000.ENRJR17003_015_000000.N1R

16 11/02/201809:21:37.7911/02/201819:53:06.74

JR17003_016_00000-2.ENRJR17003_016_000000.N1R

BToff;800mrange

52

Seq. $PADCPtimes Files Configuration Comments17 11/02/201819:53:54.73

12/02/201805:26:25.31JR17003_017_00000-1.ENRJR17003_017_000000.N1R

BTon;500mrange

18 12/02/201805:26:36.9413/02/201806:35:53.02

JR17003_018_00000-3.ENRJR17003_018_00000-1.N1R

19 13/02/201806:37:21.4714/02/201803:33:13.14

JR17003_019_00000-4.ENRJR17003_019_00000-1.N1R

BToff;800mrange

20 14/02/201803:34:11.1115/02/201809:42:00.53

JR17003_020_00000-4.ENRJR17003_020_00000-2.N1R

BTon;500mrange

21 15/02/201809:42:24.7216/02/201814:29:23.34

JR17003_021_00000-5.ENRJR17003_021_00000-2.N1R

BToff;800mrange

22 16/02/201814:29:33.4417/02/201814:42:30.92

JR17003_022_00000-4.ENRJR17003_022_00000-1.N1R

23 17/02/201814:42:38.3618/02/201809:51:21.11

JR17003_023_00000-3.ENRJR17003_023_00000-1.N1R

OnshelfandclosetoFalklands.ADCPswitchedoff09:52

53

Appendix C: Swath log Thetablebelowsummariseswhenswathdatawerecollectedandwhichspeedofsoundprofileswereused.Whendatawerenotbeingcollected,cellsareshadedingrey.AlldatesandtimesareUTC.Survey Note Lines Date Time XBT/CTDforSVP filename Location/

station 26/1 16:17 EM122switchedon JR17003_a 0

226/126/1

16:1816:53

Unknown

12

334

26/128/1

17:3000:41

JR84XBTevent9 JR84_9

3543

28/128/1

00:4509:01

JR84XBTevent9 JR84_9 1

4447

28/128/1

11:0114:53

JR17003CTD1 JR17003_001_thinned 12

4851

28/128/1

17:0320:15


5253

28/128/1

21:4523:02


3

54101111

29/131/131/1

02:0003:3011:59


JR17003_b 4

06

31/131/1

16:4023:23


757

31/13/2

23:2401:54

ES031CTD115 ES031_CTD115_thinned 6

556

3/24/25/2

06:3019:4301:33

JR17003CTD6 JR17003_006_thinnedJR17003CTD11 JR17003_011_thinned

611

5860

5/25/2

04:3307:22

JR17003CTD11 JR17003_011_thinned

6161

5/25/2

16:0616:33


555,75

5/26/27/29/2

16:3520:2922:1611:57

JR17003CTD15 JR17003_015_thinnedJR17003CTD21 JR17003_021_thinnedJR17003CTD26 JR17003_026_thinnedJR17003CTD30 JR17003_030_thinned

16212630

JR17003_c 010

10/210/2

04:0914:57

JR17003CTD30 JR17003_030_thinned 3637

5 10/2 17:23 JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 37

71118

11/211/2

01:4109:37

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 4344

1919

11/211/2

11:3311:53

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 4445

2020

11/211/2

13:4013:58

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 4546

2121

11/211/2

16:0316:22

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 4647

2222

11/211/2

17:3017:52

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 4748

2323

11/211/2

18:3619:14

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 4849

2424

11/211/2

19:5720:52

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 4950

54

Survey Note Lines Date Time XBT/CTDforSVP filename Location/station

JR17003_c 2526

11/211/2

21:2422:37

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 5051

2735

11/212/2

23:0007:34

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 51SG4_1

3638

12/212/2

08:3411:12

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned SG4_152

3939

12/212/2

11:4212:15

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 5253

4040

12/212/2

12:3813:05

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 5354

4141

12/212/2

13:3214:05

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 5455

4245

12/212/2

15:5519:31

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 5556

4646

12/212/2

20:2520:59

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 5657

4747

12/212/2

21:1121:38

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 5758

4848

12/212/2

22:0622:27

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 5859

8

495662

12/213/213/2

22:5406:3812:12

JR17003CTD37 JR17003_037_thinned 5960

6368

14/214/2

03:3508:49


9 14/215/2

10:5915:45

EM122pingingoffEM122pingingon

JR17003_d 03

15/215/2

15:5319:40


420

15/216/2

21:5514:14


2128

17/217/2

03:4510:47


17/2 10:52 EM122switchedoff. Notes:1.Disregardpreviouslines.2.SISdisplayederrors"failedtoreceiveddatafromGridEngine".Otherwiseeverythingappearedtobeworking(includingthegrid).RestartedSISandeverythingworkingnormallyagain.3.Line101containsquitealotoferroneousdeepvalues(doublereflections?)4.Datatowardtheendofthisperiodlookabit“smiley”,becauseofSVP.5.Notlogging;changedSVP.6.ChangedTXpowerto"max";waspreviouslyon-10dB.Beamsnowextendmuchfurther,andEA600ismuchclearer.7.Roughweather,fewreturns.8.Increasedmaxdepthto6000;afewlinesmissingwhenwewentofftheshelfbreak(previousmaxwas1000).9.EM122pingingdisabled(andEA600toactive)onapproachtoKEP.ThisconfigurationwascontinueduntilweapproachedanunswathedareaonthelinebetweenCumberlandBayandStanley.

55

Appendix D: AME report

FAO: BAS Science Engineering (electronics) marine scientific instrumentation support engineers

Cruise Report Instructions Neil French (nefren) is the first point of contact for marine scientific instrumentation – any questions email ([email protected]) or phone him (01223 221398); or secondly Mike Rose ([email protected], 01223 221584) when Neil not available. Before you leave BAS for cruise support obtain an up to date image of the JCR directories from the M: drive. The database for locating incidentals and spares is now maintained on the JCR by AME and a copy for reference should be sent back to the UK each year. Please contact nefren if you are unfamiliar with this database. A list of spares/stock required should be included at the end of this report. However critical items must be ordered immediately. A brief cruise report checklist is required for every cruise AME are responsible for supporting. Include pertinent notes on fault history and diagnosis at the end of the report even if you have already discussed via email. This information will be added to the instrumentation database maintained in the UK. Log all problems or changes made to systems in use while the cruise is underway to your own log book. At the end of the cruise, please fill in the simple checklist attached, briefly describing any problems or changes made to the instrumentation (including intermittent problems, repairs, expansion, changes to software, etc). Tick ‘Used?’ against all instruments which were used or logged. This is so we can follow up these issues and keep a good history of our instruments. In order to help us with calibrations and repairs, please note the serial numbers of the instruments actually used (as listed on the checklist), and also serial numbers of any spares which you swapped or tested due to a fault or fault-finding. Enter any details on the checklist. We now have many spare sensors which are identical except for serial number. Please leave a copy of the cruise report on the ship in the electronics workshop for the next support engineer and email a copy to nefren & mcr.

56

Cruise: JR17003 Start date: 23rd Jan 2017 Finish date: 18th Jan 2018 Name of AME engineer: Carson McAfee Name of principal scientist (PSO): Povl Abrahamsen LAB Instruments Instrument S/N Used Comments AutoSal 68959

Scintillation counter NO

XBT NO

ACOUSTIC Instrument S/N Used Comments ADCP YES

PES NO

EM120 YES

TOPAS NO

EK60 NO

Ksync YES

USBL NO

10kHz IOS pinger NO

Benthos 12kHz pinger S/N 1316 + bracket

NO

Benthos 12kHz pinger S/N 1317 + bracket

NO

MORS 10kHz transponder

NO

57

OCEANLOGGER Instrument S/N Used Comments Barometer1(UIC) V145002

Barometer1(UIC) V145003

Foremast Sensors

Air humidity & temp1 60743897

Air humidity & temp2 61698922

TIR1 sensor (pyranometer) 172882

TIR2 sensor (pyranometer) 172883 PAR1 sensor 160959

PAR2 sensor 160960

Prep lab

Thermosalinograph SBE45 453893-0130

Transmissometer 846DR

Fluorometer 1498

Flow meter 05/811950

Seawater temp 1 SBE38 3862856-0599

Seawater temp 2 SBE38 3862856-0601

CTD (all kept in cage/ sci hold when not in use) Instrument S/N Used Comments Deck unit 1 SBE11plus

11P15759-0458

Underwater unit SBE9plus 09P30856-0707

Temp1 sensor SBE3plus 032705

Temp2 sensor SBE3plus 03P5042

Cond1 sensor SBE 4C 042222

Cond2 sensor SBE 4C 042255

Pump1 SBE5T 054488

Pump1 SBE5T 052371

Standards Thermometer SBE35

3527735-0024

Transmissometer C-Star 1399DR

Oxygen sensor SBE43 432291

PAR sensor 70688

Fluorometer 097324001 Removed on 11/02/2018 (Cast 045)

Fluorometer 088-216 Installed on 11/02/2018 (Cast 046)

Altimeter PA200 10127.27001

CTD swivel linkage 961018

LADCP Master 14897

58

LADCP Slave 15060

SBE32 Pylon 052371

Notes on any other part of CTD e.g. faulty cables, wire drum slip ring, bottles, swivel, frame, tubing etc

Two re-terminations. Replaced Flurometer. Changed a few o-rings. Biggest issue was state of CTD winch cable. Very rusty.

No of casts 59

Max Depth 4890

Min Depth

AME UNSUPPORTED INSTRUMENTS BUT LOGGED Instrument Working? Comments EA600 YES

Anemometer YES Use Main Mast all cruise.

Gyro YES

DopplerLog YES

EMLog YES

CHECK FANS ARE Running Daily Instrument Oceanlogger

EM122, TOPAS, NEPTUNE UPSs Seatex Seapath EM122 Tween Deck TOPAS Tween Deck

59

End of Cruise Procedure At the end of the cruise, please ensure that:

• The XBT is left in a suitable state (store in cage if not to be used for a while – do not leave on deck or in UIC as it will get kicked around). Remove all deck cables at end of cruise prior to refit.

• The salinity sample bottles have been washed out and left with deionised water in – please check this otherwise the bottles will build up crud and have to be replaced.

• the CTD is left in a suitable state (washed (including all peripherals), triton + deionised water washed through TC duct, empty syringes put on T duct inlets to keep dust out and stored appropriately). Be careful about freezing before next use – this will damage the C sensors (run through with used standard seawater to reduce the chance of freezing before the next use). Remove all the connector locking sleeves and wash with fresh water. Blank off all unconnected connectors. See the CTD wisdom file for more information. If the CTD is not going to be used for a few weeks, at the end of your cruise please clean all connectors and attach dummy plugs or fit the connectors back after cleaning if they are not corroded.

• The CTD winch slip rings are cleaned if the CTD has been used – this prevents failure through accumulated dirt.

• The SVP is left in a suitable state (washed and stowed). Do not leave this on deck without a cover for any length of time as it rusts. Stow inside at end of cruise.

• All manuals have been returned to the designated drawers and cupboards. • Clean all the fans listed below every cruise or every month, whichever is the

longer. Clean the intake fans on the following machines: NOTE: 2 key access to the fans

Instrument Cleaned? Oceanlogger Yes

EM122, TOPAS, NEPTUNE UPSs Yes Seatex Seapath Yes EM122 Tween Deck Yes TOPAS Tween Deck Yes

60

Cruise Summary The cruise focused on a repeat of the A23 line (CTD a ridge running south from the east side of South Georgia). The aim was also to collect a number of gliders. No unique equipment was required for this cruise. Other than a few minor incidents with the CTD, there were no significant issue to fix during the cruise.

Additional notes and recommendations for change / future work

CTD Complete cruise notes for CTD:

• 2018-02-11 14:40 Discussions with Povl (PSO) have lead me to believe that I was using the wrong TW value in transmissometer calibration constant calculations. I was using TW=91.3%, and was not getting full range from Transmissometer. I should have been using TW=100% (for pure water). I misread the appnote. Given that I had to change the xmlconf for the fluorometer, I decided to change/update the transmissometer values too. I used the measured values from the last cruise. I did not re-run the Open/Close beam check. I will do this at the end of the cruise to see drift. So for processing all casts from 001-045 need to be changed to account for different Transmissometer values.

• 2018-02-11 14:40 Fluorometer SN: 09-7324-001 -> Changed to -> SN: 088-216 on Cast 046 JR17003. Updated calibration constants in Seabird JR17003.xmlconf.

• 2018-02-11 14:40 Fluorometer was changed. Original unit was tested on a new cable to eliminate the possibility that the cable was at fault. Value read by Plus9 from fluorometer stayed fixed at low value. Therefore it is not getting an analogue value from fluorometer. Therefore Unit has failed.

• 2018-02-11 13:24 Cast 045. Fluorometer has failed. No data. Unit still flashes. • 2018-02-11 Cast 043. Spike in C1 data during upcast (144m). • 2018-02-09 Cast 034. Fluorometer has spike to zero data on the upcast again. • 2018-02-09 Cast 033. Fluorometer has spike to zero data on the upcast again. • 2018-02-09 Cast 031 Repeat. New Termination is working. However Fluorometer had spike

to zero data on upcast. • 2018-02-09 13:05 NOTE: Problem was traced to a fault in the moulding of the Sea

Termination -> Swivel Pigtail. Not the Sea termination... The moulding. Very interesting. I suspect that the problem was caused by having the pigtail cable tied too tight on to the CTD cable. If it is too tight then when the cable flexes (in every direction during the cast) it ends up tugging on the connector. But even then... this should have caused a break in connection, not a short... No clue.

• 2018-02-09 13:05 NOTE: NEED MORE CTD PIGTAILS!!! • 2018-02-09 13:05 Problem traced to the Sea Termination-Swivel Connector length. Redid

the sea termination with a new Swivel pigtail. Mega test showed 250V=>1000 MΩ, 500V=>2000 MΩ, 1000V=>4000 MΩ.

• 2018-02-09 11:22 CTD Failed during cast 31. Initially comms error light flashed, and then the fuse blew, and data stopped. CTD was at 175m, and was then recovered to deck. Ran mega test on cable, and found that it had a 1 kOhm resistance (should be >1000 MOhm). Problem somewhere. Will investigate.

• 2018-02-08 Cast 027. Altimeter acted up. Only started at 75m. • 2018-02-07 Cast 025. On upcast winch was stopped multiple times to check spooling. • 2018-02-06 Cast 021. Sea state bad. Lots of rolling (~5m swell). During downcast winch was

run slow to maintain tension on cable (~5-12 m/min). This changed to 60 m/min from 250m depth. Winch also stopped on upcast to check winch spooling.

• 2018-02-05 Cast 016. Cast aborted at 48m due to a gantry leak.

61

• 2018-02-03 Cast 011. On upcast winch was stopped to check spooling and back tension issues

• 2018-02-04 Cast 011. Initial cast attempt cancelled. Potential Hydraulic leak on Gantry. • 2018-02-04 Cast 010. On upcast winch was stopped for a long period to check spooling. • 2018-02-03 Cast 009. On upcast winch was stopped multiple times to check spooling. • 2018-02-03 Cast 007. On upcast winch was stopped multiple times to check spooling.

• 2018-02-03 Cast 006. On upcast winch was stopped multiple times to check spooling of rusty cable. After cast bottles 15+17 had a leak on bottom o-rings. Both fixed. Also reported an issue with LADCP, which was standard software glitch. No real problem.

• 2018-02-01 13:00 After : Mega Tested the CTD Cable (Deck unit and Instrument disconnected). 250V=>1000 MΩ, 500V=>2000 MΩ, 1000V=~3600 MΩ. Acceptable values for use.

• 2018-01-31 16:23 Before: Mega Tested the CTD Cable (Deck unit and Instrument disconnected). 250V=>1000 MΩ, 500V=>2000 MΩ, 1000V=~2400 MΩ. Acceptable values for use.

• 2018-01-31 16:23 Officers/Deck Engineer have tested the CTD cable and decided that it needs to be reterminated after chopping off approximately 100 m. Rust and wear to blame.

• '2018-01-28 Cast 004. On upcast winch was stopped multiple times to deal with spooling issues.

• 2018-01-27 21:00 There was a fault with the slave LADCP. Traced to damaged connector on harness side of the deck cable slave link. Chopped and reconnected a new head. Fixed.

Reterminations: The CTD had to be reterminated twice. The first time was done as preventative maintenance. The line was very rusty, and starting to birdcage. Approximately 100 m was removed. The second retermination (09/02/2018) was required due to a failure in the termination pigtail (at the moulded end, not the termination). I suspect that the pigtail was cable tied too tight to the teardrop and swivel. When the CTD twists in the water it was pulling on the moulding of the pigtail, and caused internal damage. This is the first time that I have seen this issue. A new pigtail was connected to the Sea Cable without requiring the mechanical teardrop being removed. This saved the effort of repeating a load test. Cable State: The CTD cable appears to be rusting and degrading quicker than previous years. During JR17001 400m were removed, and during JR17003 an additional 100 was removed. In addition to this we have encountered repeated issues spooling the CTD cable on to the winch drum. The suspected cause is that the rusted cable has a different diameter, and is interfering with the calculated spooling mechanism. The consequence of this is that cast times are slower due to all the stops/starts during upcasts, and the constant monitoring and tweaking. This has been the highest cost of science “downtime” during the cruise. Fluorometer: On CTD Cast 31 the fluorometer started showing problems during its upcast. During the downcast the values seemed normal, however at some point after this the data from the fluorometer became intermittent, with consistent drops to “0”, and then returning to expected values. This was especially clear while ascending through the

62

chlorophyll maximum. Initially we though this may have been a result of the high swell. This continued intermittently over the casts from 31-45, until the unit failed completely. Initial tests showed that the fluorometer was still flashing, but the ADC was not receiving data. The cable was replaced with a spare, but no change. This confirmed the assumption that the fluorometer was damaged. The old unit was changed for a spare, and the problem went away. The damaged unit has been labelled, and returned to the cage. No further testing has been done. Time Issues: The K9 program started to report large time steps and offsets on its time adjustments. The usual correction is in the range of +/-0.007 s, however on a number of occasions K9 was making adjustments of +/-2 s. This seems excessively high. After a few minutes the system generally recovers, and returns to normal, however this does seem to indicate a problem with the system. No clear cause was found, and no solution has been implemented. PC: The PC being used is beginning to show its age:

1. It is still running XP, and limits the options of testing new software. 2. The fans are constantly threatening to stop. 3. After a poweroff recently the screen failed to restart. Windows would boot

correctly (bios and windows logo would show), however after this there would be no display. The cause was traced to a corrupt driver file, which is a common issue with these particular 1 Unit PC’s. The solution involved booting in with safe mode, deleting and then reinstalling the graphics driver.

Ideally it would be good to get a new 1 unit sized rack PC running windows 7 or 10. However failing that there are a number of options in the case of a PC failure.

1. If the current PC disk fails there is a spare mounted inside the enclosure. Open up, and swap over the drives. This was a clone made in early 2016, and should work directly with the system. This was tested on the cruise when the display failed to initiate correctly.

2. Use one of the Backup CTD PC’s in the tape store. There are now two. One of these was made during the cruise and runs Windows 7.

3. If the hardware fails completely, you could also “borrow” one of the 1 Unit PCs being used by the DWNM station. They have the same hardware.

Wiki The JCR AME Wiki was revitalised during the previous cruise, and has proven to be very useful. It follows the same format as the Halley Wiki. Please make an effort to continue using it. Log all work immediately, and update the pages with gained knowledge.

63

UWIA The UWIA has worked quite well through the cruise, with only minor problems here and there. A reoccurring problem was that the inline sea filter would get blocked, and the peristaltic pump would then pull air in to the outlet pipe of the filter. This is easily avoided by simply replacing the filters at regular intervals. A bigger problem occurred at the end of the cruise. When inspecting the system on the 17/02/2018, it was clear that liquid had built up in the air exit pipe of the membrane. This was quite a high (2-3 drops) amount of liquid. The temperature in the room has remained constant over the past few days, so I do not believe that this is a condensation effect. I think that this may have leaked out of the membrane. I emptied the pipe, and dryed the system by bypassing the membrane and running the pure drierite source. The system will be powered off in this state ready for the next cruise. Ocean Logger It has been pointed out that the Thermosalinograph (SBE45) in the underway sea water measurement system requires between 0.6-1.8 l/min. We run the system at 0.6 l/min, but this is at the low end of the range, and often dips when the system pressure changes. It may be worth reviewing the system and see if we should increase the flow rate. The plan is to discuss this with Seth Thomas after returning to BAS Cambridge. LADCP On the 27/01/2018 when testing the Slave and Master LADCP it became clear that there was an issue with the comms line to the slave. This was traced back to the moulded connector on the harness side of the Deck-CTD interface. I believe that this is caused by operators pulling the connectors apart while holding the cable, rather than the connectors. When this happens the internal solder connections in the moulded connectors are partially severed. This leads to intermittent issues with communications lines, and more importantly issues with the battery charging lines. This was solved by removing the damaged connector, and replacing it with a new one cut from the diode pigtails in the spares box. Please make sure that any scientists using the system know to separate the connectors only while holding the connectors. NOT THE CABLE. Other than the connector termination there were no major issues with the system. The LADCPs have produced good data, and the scientists are happy with the results. There is still an underlying issue with the BBTalk software when using the Slave and Master with the USB-Serial Converters on the CTD PC. There were a number of cases where the Slave would freeze. The solution is always the same. Stop operations with the master. Wait 2 minutes, and then send “Breaks” to both Master and Slave units. Eventually the Slave will reply with a wakeup “AB” state, meaning that it has recovered from a failure. I have found that by running every step in the

64

deployment process on the slave then the master seems to reduce the chances of a slave failure. In an effort to try and resolve this software issue, we tried the new “RDI Toolz” software package from Teledyne. They have produced a new serial terminal communications GUI. At first glance this software looks like an improvement, however it has not been implemented as well as BBTalk. On one hand through multiple tests it did not cause a slave failure. However it is not capable of recording the terminal to a log file. The software was tested on both XP and Windows 7, however the result was the same. For the moment I would recommend that BBTalk is kept as the main LADCP communications software. Transmissometer The Transmissometer did drift through the cruise. The following tables show the calibration constants used throughout the cruise (Start Of Cruise column), and what they were at the end. Start Of Cruise End Of Cruise Vair Open Beam (A1) 4.71917 V 4.66831 V Vair Closed Beam (Y1) 0.00366 V 0.00366 V M 21.64889 21.88493 B -0.07923493 -0.08009885 Support Engineer: Carson McAfee Date: 17/02/2018

jr17003 cruise report · steven eadie, 4th engineer julian klepacki, eto (eng) thomas biggs, deck...

Documents