juccce energy forum 2010: lawrence berkeley national lab presents: cool

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劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳 劳劳劳劳劳 Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 劳劳劳劳 劳劳劳劳 劳劳 劳劳劳劳 劳劳劳劳劳劳劳 夏,, 劳劳 劳劳劳劳 劳劳劳劳劳劳劳 夏,, 劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳 劳劳劳劳劳 劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳 劳劳劳劳劳 An opportunity for cities to reduce An opportunity for cities to reduce summer temperatures, air pollution, energy summer temperatures, air pollution, energy use and greenhouse gas emissions use and greenhouse gas emissions 劳劳 劳劳劳劳 Mark D. Levine, PhD 劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳 Lawrence Berkeley National Lab 劳劳劳劳 劳劳劳劳 Cool roofs Cool roofs 劳劳劳 Arthur H. Rosenfeld, Hashem Akbari, 劳 Ronnen Levinson 劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳劳 劳劳劳劳劳 ,! With thanks for the information in this presentation to Arthur H. Rosenfeld, Hashem Akbari, and Ronnen Levinson

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LBNL's Mark Levine presents: Cool Roofs, An opportunity for cities to reduce summer temperatures, air pollution, energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. 凉爽屋面: 在城市中 降低夏季温度,减少空气污染, 降低能源消耗和温室气体排放的机遇

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Page 1: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1

在城市中在城市中降低夏季温度,减少空气污染,降低夏季温度,减少空气污染,

降低能源消耗和温室气体排放的机遇降低能源消耗和温室气体排放的机遇An opportunity for cities to reduce An opportunity for cities to reduce

summer temperatures, air pollution, energysummer temperatures, air pollution, energyuse and greenhouse gas emissions use and greenhouse gas emissions

马克 列文博士Mark D. Levine, PhD

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室Lawrence Berkeley National Lab

凉爽屋面凉爽屋面Cool roofsCool roofs

在此对 Arthur H. Rosenfeld, Hashem Akbari, 与 Ronnen Levinson为本报告提供的相关资料,深表谢意!

With thanks for the information in this presentation toArthur H. Rosenfeld, Hashem Akbari, and Ronnen Levinson

Page 2: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory2

1. 1. 城市热岛与凉爽屋面城市热岛与凉爽屋面Urban heat islands and cool roofsUrban heat islands and cool roofs

Page 3: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

公园市区33

城市的夏季城市的夏季Summer in the citySummer in the city

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农村农场

城市热岛略图夏季城市热岛 summer urban heat island

傍晚时分的温度

华氏度 摄氏度

农村 商业区郊区居民区

城市居民区

郊区居民区

Page 4: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory44

城市用地鸟瞰城市用地鸟瞰Bird’s eye view of urban land useBird’s eye view of urban land use

Tree Cover 13%

Sidewalk 5%

Barren Land 8%

Misc. 6%

Road 22%

Parking Area 12%

Grass 15%

Roof 19%

Area by Land-Cover Category Above the Canopy

图上面积约为 1 千平方公里

~ 1 km2

加州萨克拉门托陆地表面约:The surface of Sacramento, CAis about

• 20% 屋面 20% roofs

• 30% 植被 30% vegetation

• 40% 路面 40% pavement

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停车区域

绿地

树木覆盖

空地

人行道

其他

道路屋面

陆地覆盖面积的分类

Page 5: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory55

反射屋面在阳光下保持凉爽反射屋面在阳光下保持凉爽Reflective roofs stay cooler in the sunReflective roofs stay cooler in the sun

50

40

30

20

10

0

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

升温

(°C

,摄

氏度

)Te

mpe

ratu

re R

ise

(°C)

镀锌钢Galvanized Steel

IR-Refl. Black

黑色涂料Black Paint

绿沥青屋顶板Green Asphalt Shingle

红粘土瓦Red Clay Tile

浅红色涂料Lt. Red Paint

浅绿色涂料Lt. Green Paint

白沥青屋顶板白沥青屋顶板White Asphalt ShingleWhite Asphalt Shingle

铝屋面涂层Al Roof Coat.

Op

tica

l Wh

ite

Op

tica

l Wh

ite

Wh

ite

Pai

nt

Wh

ite

Pai

nt

Wh

ite

Cem

ent

Co

at.

Wh

ite

Cem

ent

Co

at.

太阳能吸收率 Solar Absorptance

光漂白剂光漂白剂

白色涂料白色涂料

白色水白色水泥涂层泥涂层

红外线反射黑色涂料

Page 6: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory6

2. 2. 未来的凉爽屋面未来的凉爽屋面Cool roofs of tomorrowCool roofs of tomorrow

Page 7: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory77

先进的白色屋面涂料与薄膜先进的白色屋面涂料与薄膜Advanced white roof coatings, membranesAdvanced white roof coatings, membranes

• 白色屋面涂料与薄膜很容易弄脏,而降低太阳能反射率White roof coatings, membranes soil rapidly, lose solar reflectance (SR)

– 最初的太阳能反射率 : ~ 0.80 initial SR ~ 0.80

– 老化的太阳能反射率 : ~ 0.55aged SR ~ 0.55

• 如何保持白色屋面的清洁与反射性 ?How to keep white roofs clean and reflective?

– 减少增塑剂浸出reduce leaching of plasticizers

– 降低表面粗糙度及粘性decrease surface roughness & stickiness

– 光催化自洁净性photocatalytic self-cleaning

– 光致亲水性photoinduced hydrophilicity

与被弄脏的白色涂层相比,白色洁净的金属屋面

可以节省超过 70% 的能源

White metal roof stays clean,saving 70% more energy than

soiled white coating.

两处屋面均在佛罗里达州暴露在外达 9 年之久

both roofs exposed for 9 years in Florida

Kynar 底涂层金属屋面,总太阳能反射率为 0.80

PVC 上覆盖弹性丙烯酸层,总太阳能反射率为 0.55

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劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory8

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3. 3. 世界各地的白色屋面世界各地的白色屋面White roofs around the worldWhite roofs around the world

Page 9: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory99

百慕大群岛的白色屋面百慕大群岛的白色屋面White is “cool” in BermudaWhite is “cool” in Bermuda

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劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1010

…… 希腊圣托里尼岛的白色屋面希腊圣托里尼岛的白色屋面…… in Santorini, Greecein Santorini, Greece

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Page 11: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1111

…… 印度海德拉巴印度海德拉巴…… in Hyderabad, Indiain Hyderabad, India

… 在印度古吉拉特邦也很普遍…and widelyin the state of Gujarat, India.

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劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1212

位于加利福尼亚州奇科的沃尔玛购物中心位于加利福尼亚州奇科的沃尔玛购物中心Walmart store in Chico, CAWalmart store in Chico, CA

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Page 13: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1313

祝贺加利福尼亚大学祝贺加利福尼亚大学——戴维斯分校也有了白色屋面戴维斯分校也有了白色屋面Congratulations to UC DavisCongratulations to UC Davis

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Page 14: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory14

4.4. 为我们的星球降温为我们的星球降温Cooling our planetCooling our planet

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劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1515

全球降温全球降温 : : GLOBAL COOLING GLOBAL COOLING ::修建修建 1010 平方米平方米 (( 或或 100 100 平方英尺平方英尺 )) 的灰白屋面可抵消的灰白屋面可抵消 11 吨吨 COCO22 的的排排

放量放量making 10 mmaking 10 m2 2 (100 ft(100 ft22) of gray roofing white offsets the ) of gray roofing white offsets the emissionemission of 1 t of CO of 1 t of CO22

Page 16: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

全球凉爽屋面抵消的全球凉爽屋面抵消的 COCO22 当量当量 (( 热带与温带热带与温带 ))COCO22 Equivalency of Cool Roofs Equivalency of Cool Roofs World-wide (Tropics +Temperate)World-wide (Tropics +Temperate)

• 独立的凉爽屋面可以抵消总量为 240 亿吨 (Gt) 的 CO2

Cool roofs alone could offset a total of 24 billion tons (Gt) CO2

• 价值 > 3600 亿美元 ( 经济衰退前估价为 9000 亿美元 )Worth > $360 billion (Pre-recession was $900B)

• 将抵消的 240 亿吨 CO2 转为为降低排放量的速度:– 假定项目期限为 20 年,则降低速度为 12 亿吨 CO2/ 年

To convert 24 Gt CO2 one time into a rate :– Assume 20 Year Program, thus 1.2 Gt CO2/year

• 每辆车平均每年排放 4 吨 CO2 ,

Average Car emits 4 tCO2/year,

等同于 20 年内减少使用车辆 3 亿台equivalent to 300 million cars off the road for 20 years

( 全球车辆为 6 亿台 ) (600 million cars in the world)

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Page 17: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory17

5.5. 美国实行的政策美国实行的政策Policies in PlacePolicies in Place

in the United Statesin the United States

Page 18: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

凉爽屋面政策凉爽屋面政策Cool Roof PoliciesCool Roof Policies

• 美国标准、建筑规范、等级与标识Standards, Building Codes, Rating, and Labelling in U.S.

– 由美国采暖、制冷与空调工程师学会颁布的四项标准 ( 90.1-2001, 2994, 2007 以及 90.2-2004): 在选定的美国气候条件下,为屋面提供贷款或对屋面材料进行规定。

Four ASHRAE Standards( 90.1-2001, 2994, 2007 and 90.2-2004): offer credits for or prescribe cool materials for roofs in selected U.S. climates..

– 两项加利福尼亚的建筑标准 ( Title 24)( 2005 与 2008): 在选定的美国气候区,对低坡屋面的隔热材料进行规定,或为低坡屋面提供贷款。Two California Title 24 Standards 2005 and 2008): prescribe cool materials for low-sloped roofs in selected California climate zones and offer credits for steep-sloped roofs.

– 2003 国际建筑节能标准允许商用建筑通过满足美国采暖、制冷与空调工程师学会颁布的 90.1 标准的要求而符合其规定。2003 International Energy Conservation Code allows commercial buildings to comply by satisfying the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 90.1.

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Page 19: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

凉爽屋面政策凉爽屋面政策Cool Roof Policies (cont’d)Cool Roof Policies (cont’d)

• 美国标准、建筑规范、等级与标识Standards, Building Codes, Rating, and Labelling in U.S.

– 佛罗里达、芝加哥以及夏威夷的 3 个县颁布的标准 , 对凉爽屋面进行了规定或提供贷款。Standards in Chicago Florida, and 3 counties in Hawaii prescribe or give credit for cool roofs

– 美国环保局( EPA ) 能源之星™ 标识 与 LEED 绿色建筑评估系统要求获得(能源之星™ 的规定)或提供有关凉爽屋面的贷款。U.S. EPA ENERGY STAR™ Label and LEED Green Building Rating System require (ENERGY STAR™) or give credit for cool roofs.

– 凉爽屋面分级 委员会成立于 1998 年以制定并实施关于凉爽屋面性能评估的程序。The Cool Roof Rating Council was established in 1998 to develop and apply procedures for evaluating the performance of cool roofs

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Page 20: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory20

6.6. 现在该做什么现在该做什么What to do nowWhat to do now

Page 21: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

• This viewgraph in preparation, as will following.

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Page 22: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

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网络资源网络资源Resources on the webResources on the web

• 凉爽的白色星球Cool White Planet– CoolWhitePlanet.org

• 凉爽颜色项目Cool Colors Project– CoolColors.LBL.gov

• 热岛研究组Heat Island Group– HeatIsland.LBL.gov

• 凉爽社区项目Cool Communities Project– CoolCommunities.LBL.gov

• 屋面节能计算器Roof Savings Calculator– RoofCalc.com

• 凉爽屋面分级 委员会Cool Roof Rating Council− CoolRoofs.org

• 凉爽加州Cool California– CoolCalifornia.org

• 美国环保署热岛研究项目EPA Heat Islands– epa.gov/hiri

• 能源之星凉爽屋面Energy Star Cool Roofs– EnergyStar.gov

• 白色屋面联盟White Roof Alliance– WhiteRoofAlliance.org

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Page 23: JUCCCE Energy Forum 2010: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab presents: Cool

劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室, 热岛研究组Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

感谢您的关注Thank you for your attention

电子邮件:[email protected]

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