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JudicialInterestInEnvironmentalLaw
DRHANIMKAMARUDDIN
UKM-ELF
RoleofJudiciaryinEnvironmentalLaw
• Akeymechanismforensuringlegaleffectivenessofenvironmentallawandinstitutionalregimes.
• Wellpreparedandinformedoftherapidlyexpandingenvironmentallaw
• Playsacriticalroleintheimplementationandenforcementofenvironmentallaw:
a. throughthesuccessfulconclusionofenvironmentalcasesprovidingastrongdisincentivetonon-complianceofenvironmentallaws.
b. enforcementofenvironmentalrightsincludingrighttoinformation.
c. byprovidingaccesstothepublicandcivilsocietytojudicialprocedures.d. throughcoherentnetworkingamongjudiciariesandexchangeofjudgmentsand
sharinginformationonenvironmentalcasesandinternationaljurisprudence.
EnvironmentalCourts• LandandEnvironmentCourtofNewSouthWales:1979
• PlanningandEnvironmentCourtofQueensland:1990
• NewZealandEnvironmentCourt:1991
• IndianNationalEnvironmentTribunal:1995
• IndianNationalEnvironmentAppellateAuthority:1997
• TheKenyaNationalEnvironmentalTribunal:1999
• BangladeshEnvironmentCourt:2000
• Thailand:GreenBenchintheSupremeCourt:2004
• Philippines:environmentcourtsattheprovincialandlocallevels:2008
• Indonesiaenvironmentcourtsatprovinciallevel:2008
• IndiaNationalGreenTribunal:2010
*ENVIRONMENTALOMBUDSMAN
JudicialNotablesinEnvironmentalLaw
• PhilippinesChiefJusticeHilarioDavideJr• ChiefJusticePreston-2006TelstraCase• JudgeWeeramantry,JudgeoftheInternationalCourtofJustice-HungarianDamsCase
• JusticeAntonioHermanBenjamin,ChairoftheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureWorldCommissiononEnvironmentalLawandJusticeoftheNationalHighCourtofBrazil
SomeHighlightsinEnvironmentalDisputesandCourtDecisions
• IndianCouncilforEnvironmentalLegalActionvUnionofIndiaAIR1996SC–polluterpayprinciple
• OposavFactoran1993(Philippines)
• BangkinangLandForestFiresCriminalCase(Indonesia)
• HumanRightsCaseNo:31-K/92(Q)(EnvironmentPollutioninBalochistan)
• MCMehtavUnionofIndiaandothers,SupremeCourtofIndia,WritPetition(Civil)No.860of1991
• LeadersIncvGodavariMarbles(Nepal)
• JupiterShippingPtev.PP(Singapore)
MALAYSIAYAATunArifinbin
Zakaria
Pantun alam sekitar
Hembus Pawana Bayu Terasa
Alam Yang Indah Dipandang Mata
Janganlah Kita Membuang Sisa
Kelak Binasa Alam Semesta
Indah Malam Tanpa Pelita
Terbang Beramai Si Rama-Rama
Janganlah Lupa Peranan Kita
Persekitaran Indah Tanggungjawab Bersama
• The right to a clean environmentshould ideally be added to theliberties that Malaysians areexpressly guaranteed by theFederalConstitution
• “….What is most important is I want tocreate realisation, awareness of the publiconenvironmentandthecourtsthroughourjudgments, through our cases will attractpublic attention……illustrates just howmisplaced our value system was then, aswell as how little exposure and awarenessthere was amongst our magistrates andjudges,” he said today, adding that suchattitudeshavehopefullychangedaftertheintroduction of environmental courts,trainingprogrammesandnationalstrategyworkgroups.”
Malaysia’sEnvironmentalJudiciary• Atotalof42SessionsCourtsand53Magistrates'Courtswereinitiallydesignatedas
environmental courts handling criminal matters, but the judiciary has sinceexpanded this initiative through the setting up of Special Environmental Courtsnationwidetodealwithcivilenvironmentalcases.
• Mainly cases on non compliance of licences, air pollution, water pollution andindustrialeffluent.
• MajorityofcasesareinJohorandSelangor.
• Source,DOE,2017
YEAR NOOFCASES
2012 302
2013 338
2014 311
2015 254
2016 195
CourtCasesinMay2017Source:DOE
LandmarkCasesinMalaysia
! The Bakun Dam - Kajing Tubek v. Ekran Bhd dan Lain -lain [1996] 2 MLJ 388 dan Ketua Pengarah Jabatan Alam Sekitar v. Kajing Tubek [1997] 3 MLJ 23
! Lizard King Anson Wong’s arrest in 2010 that brought about the Wildlife ConservaQon Act 2010
! Tan Teck Seng v Public Prosecutor
! Asian Rare Earth Case - Woon Tan Kan v. Asian Rare Earth [1992] 4 CLJ 2299
! Public Prosecutor v. Ta Hsin Enterprise Sdn Bhd [1998] 6 MLJ 748
! Ventura NavigaQon Inc. v. Singapore Authority Lors (1989) 7 MUJ 349
InternationalJudicialAffiliation
• AsianJudges’NetworkonEnvironment(AJNE)
• AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)ChiefJustices’RoundtableonEnvironment
• ASEANJudicialWorkingGrouponEnvironment
• ADBOfficeoftheGeneralCounsel(throughitsLawandPolicyReformProgram)
InternationalCommitment• TheAngkorStatementofCommitmenttoASEANJudicialCooperationontheEnvironmentwhichevidencesASEANjudiciaries’dedicationtojointlytackletheregion’stransboundaryenvironmentalissues
• ACommonVisiononEnvironmentforASEANJudiciaries(theJakartaCommonVision)
• HanoiActionPlantoImplementtheJakartaCommonVision
• Shareinformationandpromoteenvironmentallaweducationandtraininginlawschoolsandjudicialtraininginstitutes
UsefulLinks• DepartmentofEnvironment-www.doe.gov.my
• OfficeoftheChiefRegistrar,FederalCourtofMalaysia-http://www.kehakiman.gov.my
• InternationalCourtofJustice-http://www.icj-cij.org
• AustralianGovernment,DepartmentofEnvironmentandEnergy-http://www.environment.gov.au
• WeblinkstonationalwebsitesonEnvironmentalCrimes-http://ec.europa.eu/environment/legal/liability/national_transposing.htm
• SupremeCourtofIndia,TheJudgmentInformationSystem-judis.nic.in/supremecourt/chejudis.asp
• SupremeCourtofthePhilippinesdecisions-sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/
• UKCourtsandTribunalsJudiciary-https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/judgments/
ThankYou
Role of Judges in
Environmental Field
Administeringenvironmental
litigationandservingasacheckon
executiveinactionandoverreachinginenvironmentalarena
Promotingcomplianceby
enforcingthelaw
Servingasguarantorofpublicparticipationrightsandprotecting
therightsoftheaccused
Balancingenvironmentanddevelopmentconsiderations
Influencingsocietalattitudestowardstheenvironmentandthe
conceptofsustainabledevelopment
Furtheringtheimplementationofregionalandglobal
environmentalaccordswherepartof
thecorpusofdomesticlaw