Judy GarlandFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJudy GarlandGarland in the 1940s.BornFrances Ethel GummJune 10, 1922Grand apids, !innesota, "nited #tatesDiedJune 22, 19$9 %a&ed 4'()helsea, *ondon, En&landCause of death +ar,iturate o-erdoseOccupation .ctress, sin&er, -aude-illianYears active1924/19$9 %sin&er(1929/19$' %actress(Spouse(s)0a-id ose %m. 19411 di-. 1944(2incente !innelli %m. 19431 di-. 1931(#idney *uft %m. 19321 di-. 19$3(!ark 4erron %m. 19$31 di-. 19$'(!ickey 0eans %m. 19$91 her death 19$9(Children5, includin& *i6a !innelli and *orna *uftAwards *ist of a7ards and honorsJudy Garland %,orn Frances thel Gu!!1 June 10, 1922 / June 22, 19$9( 7as an .merican sin&er, actress, and -aude-illian. #he 7as reno7ned for her -ocals819 and attained international stardom 7hich continued throu&hout a career that spanned more than 40 years as an actress in musical and dramatic roles, as a recordin& artist and on concert sta&es.829 espected for her -ersatility, she recei-ed a Ju-enile .cademy .7ard and 7on a Golden Glo,e .7ard as 7ell as Grammy .7ards and a #pecial :ony .7ard.#he 7as nominated for the .cademy .7ard for +est .ctress for her role in the remake of A Star Is Born and for +est #upportin& .ctress for her performance in the 19$1 film Judgment at Nuremberg. #he remains the youn&est recipient %at 59 years of a&e( of the )ecil +. 0e!ille .7ard for lifetime achie-ement in the motion picture industry..fter appearin& in -aude-ille 7ith her t7o older sisters, Garland 7as si&ned to !etro;Gold7yn;!ayer as a teena&er. :here, she made more than t7o do6en films, includin& nine 7ith !ickey ooney, and 1959n 1999, the .merican Film >nstitute placed her amon& the ten &reatest female stars in the history of .merican cinema.859Contents 1 Early life 2 Early career o 2.1 :he Gumm #isterso 2.2 #i&ned at !etro;Gold7yn;!ayero 2.5 The Wizard of Oz 5 .dult stardom 4 *ea-in& !G! 3 *ater career o 3.1 ene7ed stardom on the sta&eo 3.2 4olly7ood come,acko 3.5 :ele-ision, concerts, and )arne&ie 4all $ Final years ' 0eath ? *e&acy 9 >n popular culture o 9.1 Gay icono 9.2 @ortrayals in fiction 10 #ee also 11 Aotes 12 eferences 15 E=ternal linksarly lifeGarlandrish ancestry.849839Aamed after ,oth her parents and ,apti6ed at a local Episcopal church, C+a,yC %as she 7as called ,y her parents and sisters( shared her familyn 192?, :he Gumm #isters enrolled in a dance school run ,y Ethel !e&lin, proprietress of the !e&lin Giddies dance troupe. :hey appeared 7ith the troupe at its annual )hristmas sho7.899 >t 7as throu&h the !e&lin Giddies that they made their film de,ut in a 1929 short;su,Dect called The Big Revue, 7here they performed a son&;and;dance num,er called That's the good od sunn! south" :his 7as follo7ed ,y appearances in t7o 2itaphone shorts the follo7in& year, A #oida! in Stor!and %featurin& Garlandn 1954, the trio, 7ho ,y then had ,een tourin& the -aude-ille circuit as C:he Gumm #istersC for many years, performed in )hica&o at the Hriental :heater 7ith Geor&e Jessel. 4e encoura&ed the &roup to choose a more appealin& name after CGummC 7as met 7ith lau&hter from the audience. .ccordin& to theatrical le&end, their act 7as once erroneously ,illed at a )hica&o theater as C:he Glum #isters.C8119#e-eral stories persist re&ardin& the ori&in of the name CGarland.C Hne is that it 7as ori&inated ,y Jessel after )arole *om,ardn 1953, Garland 7as si&ned to a contract 7ith !etro;Gold7yn;!ayer %!G!(, supposedly 7ithout a screen test, thou&h she had made a test for the studio se-eral months earlier. :he studio did not kno7 7hat to do 7ith her, as at a&e 15 she 7as older than the traditional child;star ,ut too youn& for adult roles.8citation needed94er physical appearance created a dilemma for !G!. .t only 4 feet 11.3 inches %131.1 cm(, her CcuteC or C&irl;ne=t;doorC looks did not e=emplify the more &lamorous persona reIuired of leadin& ladies of the time. #he 7as self;conscious and an=ious a,out her appearance. CJudy7ent to school at !etro 7ith .-a Gardner, *ana :urner, Eli6a,eth :aylor, real ,eauties,C said)harles Walters, 7ho directed her in a num,er of films. CJudy 7as the ,i& money;maker at the time, a ,i& success, ,ut she 7as the u&ly ducklin&... > think it had a -ery dama&in& effecton her emotionally for a lon& time. > think it lasted fore-er, really.C81?9 4er insecurity 7as e=acer,ated ,y the attitude of studio chief *ouis +. !ayer, 7ho referred to her as his Clittle hunch,ack.C81990urin& her early years at the studio, she 7as photo&raphed and dressed in plain &arments or frilly Du-enile &o7ns and costumes to match the C&irl;ne=t;doorC ima&e that 7as created for her. #he 7as made to 7ear remo-a,le caps on her teeth and ru,,eri6ed disks to reshape her nose.8209Garland performed at -arious studio functions and 7as e-entually cast opposite 0eanna 0ur,in in the musical;short )ver! Sunda!. :he film contrasted her -ocal ran&e and s7in& style 7ith 0ur,inn 1940, she starred in three filmsF And! #ard! *eets /ebutante, Stri$e 01 the Band, and %itte Neie 2e!. >n the latter, she played her first adult role, a dual role of ,oth mother and dau&hter. %itte Neie 2e! 7as purchased from Geor&e !. )ohan as a -ehicle for her to display ,oth her audience;appeal and her physical appearance. :he role 7as a challen&e for her, reIuirin& the use of an accent, her first adult kiss, and the only death;scene of her career.85$9 :he success of these three films and a further three films in 1941, secured her position at !G! as a maDor property.8citation needed90urin& this time, Garland e=perienced her first serious adult romances. :he first 7as 7ith ,andleader .rtie #ha7. #he 7as deeply de-oted to him and 7as de-astated in early 1940 7hen he eloped 7ith *ana :urner.85'9 Garland ,e&an a relationship 7ith musician 0a-id ose,and on her 1?th ,irthday he &a-e her an en&a&ement rin&. :he studio inter-ened ,ecause he 7as still married at the time to actress and sin&er !artha aye. :hey a&reed to 7ait a year to allo7 for his di-orce to ,ecome final and 7ere 7ed on July 2', 1941.85?9 Garland, 7ho had a,orted her pre&nancy ,y him in 1942, a&reed to a trial separation in January 1945 and di-orced in 1944.8599 #he 7as noticea,ly thinner in her ne=t film, &or *e and *! 3a, alon&side Gene Gelly in his first screen appearance. #he 7as top ,illed in the credits for the first time and effecti-ely made the transition from teena&e;star to adult actress.8citation needed9@romotional ima&e for 4resenting %i! *ars %1945(..t a&e 21, she 7as &i-en the C&lamour treatmentC in 4resenting %i! *ars, in 7hich she 7as dressed in C&ro7n;upC &o7ns. 4er li&htened hair 7as also pulled up in a stylish fashion. 4o7e-er, no matter ho7 &lamorous or ,eautiful she appeared onscreen or in photo&raphs, she 7as ne-er confident in her appearance and ne-er escaped the C&irl;ne=t;doorC ima&e 7hich had ,een created for her.8409Hne of Garland could see ahead 7as more confusion,C Garland later said of this suicide attempt. C> 7anted to ,lack out the future as 7ellas the past. > 7anted to hurt myself and e-eryone 7ho had hurt me.C83$9 >n #eptem,er 1930, after fifteen years 7ith the studio, Garland and !;G;! parted company.8citation needed9&ater career'enewed stardo! on the sta#e>n 1931, Garland ,e&an a four;month concert tour of +ritain and >reland, 7here she played to sold;out audiences throu&hout En&land, #cotland, and >reland.83'9 :he successful concert tour 7as the first of her many come,acks, 7ith performances centered around son&s ,y .l Jolson and re-i-al of -aude-illian Ctradition.C Garland performed complete sho7s as tri,utes to Jolson in her concerts at the *ondon @alladium in .pril and at Ae7 Lork suddenly kne7 that this 7as the ,e&innin& of a ne7 life. . . 4olly7ood thou&ht > 7as throu&h1 then came the 7onderful opportunity to appear at the *ondon @alladium, 7here > can truthfully say Judy Garland 7as re,orn.C83?94er appearances at the @alladium lasted for four 7eeks, 7here she recei-ed ra-e re-ie7s and an o-ation descri,ed ,y the @alladium mana&er as the loudest he had e-er heard.83998$09 >n Hcto,er 1931, Garlandn 193$, Garland performed for four 7eeks at the Ae7 Frontier 4otel on the *as 2e&as #trip for a salary of M33,000 per 7eek, makin& her the hi&hest;paid entertainer to 7ork in *as 2e&as.8'59 0espite a ,rief ,out of laryn&itis, her performances there 7ere so successful that herrun 7as e=tended an e=tra 7eek.8'49 *ater that year she returned to the @alace :heatre, site of her t7o;a;day triumph. #he opened in #eptem,er, once a&ain to ra-e re-ie7s and popular acclaim.8'39>n Ao-em,er 1939, Garland 7as hospitali6ed, dia&nosed 7ith acute hepatitis.8'$9 H-er the ne=t fe7 7eeks se-eral Iuarts of fluid 7ere drained from her ,ody until, still 7eak, she 7as released from the hospital in January 19$0. #he 7as told ,y doctors that she likely had fi-e years or less to li-e, and that e-en if she did sur-i-e she 7ould ,e a semi;in-alid and 7ould ne-er sin& a&ain.8''9 #he initially felt C&reatly relie-edC at the dia&nosis. C:he pressure 7as offme for the first time in my life.C8339 4o7e-er, she reco-ered o-er the ne=t se-eral months and, in .u&ust of that year, returned to the sta&e of the @alladium. #he felt so 7armly em,raced ,ythe +ritish that she announced her intention to mo-e permanently to En&land.8'?94er concert appearance at )arne&ie 4all on .pril 25, 19$1, 7as a considera,le hi&hli&ht, called ,y many Cthe &reatest ni&ht in sho7 ,usiness historyC.8'99 :he t7o;record Jud! at (arnegie #a 7as certified &old, chartin& for 93 7eeks on Biboard, includin& 15 7eeks at num,er one. :he al,um 7on four Grammy .7ards includin& .l,um of the Lear and +est Female 2ocal of the Lear.8?09 :he al,um has ne-er ,een out of print.8citation needed9>n 19$1, Garland and )+# settled their contract disputes 7ith the help of her ne7 a&ent, Freddie Fields, and ne&otiated a ne7 round of specials. :he first, entitled The Jud! 3arand Sho', aired in 19$2 and featured &uests Frank #inatra and 0ean !artin.8?19 Follo7in& this success, )+# made a M24 million offer to her for a 7eekly tele-ision series of her o7n, also to ,e called The Jud! 3arand Sho', 7hich 7as deemed at the time in the press to ,e Cthe ,i&&est talent deal in :2 history.C .lthou&h she had said as early as 1933 that she 7ould ne-er do a 7eekly tele-ision series,8?29 in the early 19$0s she 7as in a financially precarious situation. #he 7as se-eral hundred thousand dollars in de,t to the >nternal e-enue #er-ice, ha-in& failed to pay ta=es in 1931 and 1932, and the failure of A Star is Born meant that she recei-ed nothin& from that in-estment.8?59 . successful run on tele-ision 7as intended to secure her financial future.8citation needed9Follo7in& a third special, Jud! 3arand and #er 3uests 4hi Sivers and Robert 3ouet, Garland:2, 7as one of her final appearances at the -enue. #he made &uest appearances on The )d Suivan Sho' and The Tonight Sho'. Garland &uest;hosted an episode of The #o!'ood 4aace 7ith 2ic 0amone. #he 7as in-ited ,ack for a second episode in 19$$ 7ith 2an Johnson as her &uest. >ssues 7ith Garland.$2. CJudy GarlandC. .merican :heatre Win&. etrie-ed 0ecem,er 24, 200'.$5. Juneau 19'4, p. 10?.$4. Gar-er, Jack %June 12, 1932(. CJudy Garland !arried With #imple )eremonyC.".@.$3. Ed7ards 19'3, p. 1$$.$$. )larke 2001, p. 50?.$'. )larke 2001, p. 519.$?. )larke 2001, p. 523.$9. Juneau 19'4, p. 12$.'0. )larke 2001, p. 52$.'1. CJudy GarlandC. 4olly7ood Forei&n @ress .ssociation. etrie-ed 0ecem,er 24, 200'.'2. #anders 1990, p. 24.'5. CJudy Garland / .,out Judy Garland Q .merican !astersC. @+#. July ', 2004. etrie-ed .pril 5, 2010.'4. Frank 19'3, pp. 420/21.'3. CJudy ei&ns in @alace as Rueen of Ae7 LorkC. "@>. Hcto,er 51, 1932.'$. CJudy Garland #aid :o 4a-e 4epatitisC. "@>. Ao-em,er 2$, 1939.''. )larke 2001, p. 54'.'?. )larke 2001, p. 549.'9. )o=, Gordon %!ay 2?, 200$(. Cufus H-er :he ain,o7C. 7ariet!. etrie-ed January 25, 2014.?0. CGrammy .7ards for Judy at )arne&ie 4allC. :he ecordin& .cademy. etrie-ed .pril 10, 2012.?1. #anders 1990, p. 29.?2. @arsons, *ouella %#eptem,er 25, 1933(. C:2 #pectacular Gi-es Ae7 ain,o7 to JudyC. The /ai! Revie'.?5. Ed7ards 19'3, p. 1'3.?4. #anders 1990, p. 591.?3. #anders 1990, pp. 10?/109.?$. *e7is, ichard Warren %0ecem,er ', 19$5(. C:he :2 :rou,les of Judy GarlandC. The Saturda! )vening 4ost.?'. C.7ards for :he Judy Garland #ho7 %19$5(C. .cademy of :ele-ision .rts P #ciences. etrie-ed 0ecem,er 14, 200'.??. CJudy Wins 0i-orce From #id *uftC. Wisconsin State Journa. !ay 20, 19$3.?9. >r7in, Elson %Ao-em,er 1', 19$?(. CJudy GarlandF Femme FataleC. Stars and Stri1es.90. 0iHrio, Jr. 19'5, p. 202.91. Ed7ards 19'3, p. 215.92. Garland, Judy %.u&ust 19$'(. C:he @lot .&ainst Judy GarlandC. %adies' #omeJourna.95. CJudy Garland *ocks #elf in 4otel oomC. Stars and Stri1es %"@>(. !ay 24, 19$4.94. Ed7ards 19'3, p. 214.93. Frank 19'3, p. 33$.9$. #eaman 199$, pp. 292/95.9'. #eaman 199$, p. 545.9?. #hipman 1992, p. 494.99. )larke 2001, p. 412.100. 0iHrio, Jr. 19'5, p. 204.101. #tei&er 19$9, p. ??.102. Ed7ards 19'3, p. 2'3.105. )larke 2001, p. 422.104. CJudy Garland :he *i-e @erformances. :he End of the ain,o7C. etrie-ed Fe,ruary 1, 200?. citin& 0nited 4ress Internationa article CJudy :ook :oo !any @illsC and containin& a copy of Garlandn memoriam 0esmond ). 4enleyC. Internet. )hristopher 4enley *imited 200? / 2010. etrie-ed !arch ?, 2014.10?. CEnd of the ain,o7C. TI*). July 4, 19$9. etrie-ed 0ecem,er 1?, 200'. 2an Gelder, *a7rence %June 2?, 19$9(. CJudy GarlandssueC. The Sunda! (a1ita %Washin&ton, 0.).(.11$. C:he 200$ )ommemorati-e #tamp @ro&ramC %@ress release(. "nited #tates @ostal #er-ice. Ao-em,er 50, 2003. etrie-ed 0ecem,er 23, 200'.11'. 4a&&erty, Geor&e E. 3a! #istories and (utures. >#+A 0;?135;1??0;4.11?. !urray, aymond %199$(. Images in the /ar$8 An )nc!co1edia of 3a! and %esbian &im and 7ideo. :*. 2ideo !ana&ement.119. CJudy Garland +io&raphyC. .cti-emusician.com. etrie-ed !ay 51, 2010. 0urin& a press conference in #an Francisco in the 19$0s, a reporter asked Garland if she 7as a7are of her loyal &ay follo7in&. couldn2. :.*GF . )hat With a Gal From H6, >sa,el Geatin& @lus C.merican >dolC :hou&htsC. 4a!bi. @lay,ill >nc. etrie-ed 2013;02;09.124. 4allett, +ryce %.u&ust 3, 2003(. CGarlandnformation. etrie-ed 2013;02;09.12$. #mith, Gary %July 25, 2015(. C#tories of stron& 7omen on the frin&eC. TheS1ec"com. !etroland !edia Group *td. etrie-ed 2013;02;09.