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Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar

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Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar. Julius Caesar (100 BC – 44 BC). Julius Caesar (100 BC – 44 BC). General Powerful Public Speaker Had huge following among Rome’s poor. Julius Caesar (100 BC – 44 BC). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar

Julius Caesar and Augustus CaesarJulius Caesar(100 BC 44 BC)

Julius Caesar(100 BC 44 BC)GeneralPowerful Public SpeakerHad huge following among Romes poor

Julius Caesar(100 BC 44 BC)60 BC- 1st Triumvirate rule of three (Caesar, Pompey [PAHM-pee], and Crassus)a political alliance59 BCCaesar became consulKnew that he could not win power without a loyal armyTook a special military command10 years Later, he brought Gaul (France) under Roman ruleJulius Caesar(100 BC 44 BC)Meanwhile, Crassus died in battle in 53 BC. Pompey made sole consul in 52 BC. Pompey jealous of Caesars rising fame, he ordered Caesar home without his army. Instead, Caesar and HIS army march on Rome.

Julius Caesar(100 BC 44 BC)49 BCCaesar declared war on the republic- Jan. 10thPompey and his followers fled to Greece, where Caesar defeated him and then marched into Egypt. He put Cleopatra (daughter of the ruling family) on the throne as a Roman ally.46 BCreturns to Rome triumphantlyJulius Caesar(100 BC 44 BC)44 BC declared Dictator for LifeCaesar increased the Senate to 900 members but reduced it power. Many senators, fearing Caesars ambition and popularity, formed a conspiracy against him.

Julius Caesar(100 BC 44 BC)On March 15the Ides of March44 BC, the conspirators killed Caesar in the Senate. Two were men that Caesar considered friends: Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus.

Julius Caesar(100 BC 44 BC)Note: Caesar had chosen his grandnephew, Octavian, as his heir. A struggle for power, however broke out after Caesars death.

Augustus Caesar(63 BC AD 14)19 years old when Julius Caesar was murderedFormed the 2nd Triumviraterule of three (Octavian, Antonyalong with Lepidus, Caesars second-in-command)

Augustus Caesar(63 BC AD 14)Marc Antony led an army east, reconquering Syria and Asia Minor from the armies of Brutus and Cassius. Then he joined his ally Cleopatra in Egypt.

Meanwhile, Octavian forced Lepidus to retire.

Augustus Caesar(63 BC AD 14)Antony and Octavian divide the Roman world. Antony took the east, and Octavian the west.In time, Octavian persuaded the Senate to declare war on Antony and Cleopatra.

Augustus Caesar(63 BC AD 14)31 BCnaval battle at Actium, Greece, Octavian defeats their fleet. .

Augustus Caesar(63 BC AD 14)30 BCOctavian captured Alexandria, Egypt. Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide.

Augustus Caesar(63 BC AD 14)Senate declared Octavian consulto avoid Julius Caesars fateOctavian did not present himself as king or emperor. Instead, he called himself princeps, or first citizen.27 BCthe Senate gave Octavian the title, Augustus, or the revered one. Augustus Caesar(63 BC AD 14)27 BCthe Senate gave Octavian the title, Augustus, or the revered one.

Augustus Caesar(63 BC AD 14)Historians refer to him as the first Roman emperorBecause the Roman Republic became the Roman Empire under his reign.

Augustus Caesar(63 BC AD 14)Under his rule, the empire stretched from Spain in the west to Syria to the east, and from Egypt and the Sahara in the south to the Rhine and Danube in the north.

Augustus Caesar(63 BC AD 14)The reign of Augustus, known as Pax Romana or Roman Peacelasted for 200+ years

Augustus Caesar(63 BC AD 14)The political system that Augustus createdreduced the powers of the Senate, Assemblies, & MagistratesAD 14 Augustus died death unspecified