july 11, 2003 1 telecom research at rutgers university fred s. roberts director, dimacs...

July 11, 2003 1

Telecom Research at Rutgers University

Fred S. RobertsDirector, [email protected]

Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

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Outline

• What is Telecom?• The research players and their background • A selection of research topics suggested by Rutgers

faculty– Short synopsis– Food for thought; aimed at stimulating discussion


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July 11, 2003 3 Commission on Jobs Growth and Economic Development

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Communications Information

Telecom

Computing

What is Telecom?The set of technologies and sciences at the intersection of

communications, information, and computing

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What is Telecom?• 20th century: transport, switching, and storage of

narrowband voice and data• 21st century? Reasonable goal: fully integrated

and networked broadband multimedia including:– data of all types– text, images, audio, video– virtual reality– searchable, browseable multimedia documents– shared reality tele-collaboration


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What is Telecom?So: telecom is all about networks:• interconnections of networks (e.g., the Internet)• operation and maintenance of networks• things that make up networks (routers, hubs,

switches)• things that get moved around networks (data,

text, voice, images, video, …)• things that attach to networks (devices, sensors,

monitors) • services that run on networks


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Outline




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Major Hubs of Telecom Research at Rutgers

CAIP (Center for Advanced Information Processing)

DIMACS (Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science)

WINLAB (Wireless Information Laboratory)Computer Science Dept.Statistics Dept.


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CAIP • Established by NJCST in 1985• Mission: industrial applications of advanced computing

technologies• Industry partners:

AT&T, Avaya, Cisco, Datacube, Fujitsu, General Motors, IBM, InfoValue, Intel, Iscan, Kodak, Lucent, NEC, NIST, Oracle, OSS Nokalva, Panasonic, Sarnoff, Siemens, SpeechWorks, SUN, Telcordia, Texas Inst., CECOM, Picatinny Arsenal, Verizon, Xybernaut

• University partners:UMDNJ, NJIT, Princeton, Stanford, MIT, Johns Hopkins, CMU, Colorado, Cal Tech, Columbia, New Mexico State

• 86 faculty, visiting scientists, staff, and students Commission on Jobs Growth and

Economic Development8

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Telecom-related Research at CAIP • Multimodal interfaces (NSF)• Image and speech pattern recognition (DOD)• VLSI design (NJCST)• Bio/nano mechatronics (NSF)• Applications to homeland security (DOD, CECOM)• SiC semiconductors (DARPA, Union Carbide)• Collaborative networking (DOD, NSF)• Distributed grid computing (NSF)• Data visualization (NSF)• Telemedicine/rehabilitation (NSF, Novartis)• Virtual environments (NSF)• Speech production (NIH)


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Telecom-related Research at

CAIP: Future Opportunities

• Natural communication with information systems.• Virtual environments for collaboration• Internet delivery of rehabilitative therapies• Autonomic grid computing• Systems and sensors on a chip• Detection of radioactive materials• Human imaging for dosimetry analysis• Low bit-rate communication for security


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CAIP Cumulative Impacts:

• External Contract Funding: $55M($17M in current contracts)• Ph.D.’s and MS’s graduated: 213• Patents filed: 80• Startup companies assisted: 20+• CAIP spinoff companies created: 3• Small business outreach, new jobs: 100+


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DIMACS• The importance of discrete math and theoretical CS

(algorithm development) led Rutgers, Princeton, AT&T Bell Labs, and Bellcore to develop strong research groups

• In 1988, they joined to form DIMACS• Telecommunications: AT&T Labs, Bell Labs,

Telcordia, Avaya• Computing: NEC Research, IBM Research, Microsoft

Research, HP Labs (Princeton)• 1989: prestigious NSF “science and technology center”

award. $10M grant largest at Rutgers. NJCST played important role.


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Telecom-related Research at DIMACS

• next generation networks technologies • computational information theory and coding• communication security• simulations of communication architectures• computer-aided verification of software• massively parallel computing• massive data sets• applications of large scale discrete optimization to

communication networks• cryptography• complexity of interactive computing


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Telecom-related Research at DIMACS - II

telecom researchers find new applications of their methods:

• homeland security research• epidemiology/public health• computational biology• DNA computing


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Telecom Research at DIMACS• More than $50M in external funding for research and

education program at DIMACS since its inception• NSF, ONR, NSA, NIH, DARPA, ICMIC (intelligence

community), Sloan Foundation, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, NJCST, numerous companies.

• Solution of Gilbert-Pollak conjecture led to highly efficient heuristics for design of communication networks.

• Pioneer in field of computer-aided verification; methods now used widely by Intel, Sun, Motorola, AT&T, Lucent.

• Simulation software for the global internet adopted by more than 40 companies/universities.


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Telecom Research at DIMACS• Work on error-correcting codes led to new techniques

for the design of efficicient encoders and decoders.• A remarkably simple on-line algorithm for bin packing

small information packets of varying sizes into bins of fixed capacity.

• Powerful cryptographic methods for secure authorized access.

• The “players” at DIMACS– 230 scientists from partner universities and

companies– partner company scientists directly involved in

DIMACS projects– more than 1000 visitors a year


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WINLAB

• Founded in 1989• Broad experimental and theoretical expertise in wireless

technologies• Broad collaborative experience with industry:

– about 20 industry sponsors– major partners brought into NJ include Intel, Nortel,

Thomson, Samsung, NTT, Sprint, Motorola, Mitsubishi, …

• Implementing technology transfer through both sponsor companies and startups


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Telecom Research at WINLAB

• Freebits -- short range ultra high speed communications• NJ Center for Wireless Communication• 4th Generation Radio Resource Management• Adaptive Networking for 3rd Generation Cellular• Security in Next Generation Wireless• Dynamic Spectrum Management• First Generation of MUSE sensor program• Research Wireless Testbed• Cognitive Network Management


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Telecom Research at WINLAB

• Pioneer in “hot spot” wireless networking technology now appearing at Starbucks, McDonalds, etc. through its “infostations” program. Going out to startups and Army STTR tech transfer.

• ~20 faculty/staff + ~40-50 students• Currently over $2M a year in funding.• This year won IEEE Marconi and William R. Bennett

Awards


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WINLAB: Implications for the Future• Wireless is fastest growing segment of telecom.

– Almost 500M cell phones sold/year.– 1/3 of calls in US are already wireless, not wired (FCC).– 148M US subscribers,~ half the population. (FCC).– $76B Wireless revenues in 2002; 30% of telecom (FCC).– Wireless Data devices market expected to be $10B+ by end of

2003.– 21M American users of Wireless Hot Spots by 2007 (IBM).

• 6,300 global hotspots in 2001; expect 114,000 by 2006. (IBM).

• NJ needs a world-class center of expertise in all major areas of wireless communications.


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Economic Impact of Wireless Research in NJ

• 100’s of new high tech jobs/year via startups and partnerships.

• Retain high tech talent in NJ.• Train and retain the best students.• Diversify the telecom industrial base in NJ

through diverse wireless end-user applications, not just the traditional (and now stagnant) core infrastructure.

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Outline




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Multimodal Integrated Wireless Sensor on-Silicon

(MUSE)(WinLAB, ECE, BME, CS, UMDNJ, GaTech)

• Today, sensors are individual units as transistors once were.– Temperature, pressure, light, chemicals, etc.– Expensive controllers, readouts, and

communications– Usually physically large and often hand-made.

• With new technology, we should be able to link sensors in complex networks to gather information in new ways.


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Sensor RF

Modem/CPU

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(MUSE)

• Networks of Sensors: – Applications to medicine, consumer, environment,

security, military, etc.– Need new wireless networking technology– Need ultra-low cost sensors and controllers

• New sensor technology that can measure many properties

• Ultra low power electronics, algorithms, and protocols

• All on one chip, reusing as much of integrated circuit technology as possible


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(MUSE)• Low Cost, Wireless Networked Sensors

– Strongly multidisciplinary program– Draws in all levels of technology from devices to

networks to applications and security.– Build on strengths of the partners and ongoing

programs.– Too large to tackle without cohesive program with a

shared vision and strong core funding.


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(MUSE)

• Economic impact for NJ– Market for integrated sensors estimated at $3B in

2005 and $10B in 2010• This is before security adders or changes in

military needs.– Can build on existing industrial partnerships and

experience to make the technology transfer happen.


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Locating Mobile Users• Estimating the location of wireless communications

users attracts huge attention• Applications include

– location-aware services• finding the nearest vending machine or printer• finding the nearest buyer or seller in a market of

buyers and sellers• in a museum setting, presenting artifact-specific

descriptions on a handheld device• locating a misplaced handheld device


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Locating Mobile Users• Other applications:

– emergency location• identifying the room location

of a crime victim• in a prison setting, locating a

distressed guard– access control

• blocking access to a Wi-Fi network from outside a building

• blocking access for specific users from specific locations


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Locating Mobile Users

• Team from Rutgers (Statistics Dept.) and Avaya Inc. (wireless expertise) have developed novel and highly sophisticated statistical algorithms unlike any of the existing approaches

• Substantially more accurate location estimation with dramatically less training data

• Immediate application in enterprise settings


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Locating Mobile Users

• Every major telecommunications company working on this problem

• Tremendous commercial potential • Avaya team has significant experience with

wireless technology and markets• Rutgers has a long track record of funding and

innovation in statistical methods• Urgent need for seed funding for experimentation

and software development


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Massive Data Analysis Lab (MassDAL)

• Agenda: Gather, manage and process massive data logs----Web, IP/wireless traffic data, location trajectories of objects, sensor readings of physical world.


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Massive Data Analysis Lab (MassDAL)

• Key Challenges: – Scale: Beyond the traditional “human” scale. Eg., IP data

at a single router interface for an hour exceeds total yearly worldwide credit card transactions!

– Data Collection: probes/sensors with associated data quality and communication problems.

• Need breakthroughs in Mathematics, Algorithms, Systems and Engineering, to meet these challenges.

• Potential: Major impact in Telecom, Transportation and Society-at-large.


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State of MassDAL• Engineering:

– Consulting in analysis of wireless network logs. Client: AT&T Wireless, 3rd largest in US, 20 Million customers. Terabytes/month. Current value: $3M per year. 5 pers. Fully operational, telco-grade! Interest from Cingular wireless.

– Incorporated novel algorithms in operational IP network data analysis tools. Current partner: AT&T. Potential partner: Lucent.

• Mathematics and Computer Science.– Algorithms, Databases, Statistics, and Data Mining on novel

models and algorithms.

– Supported by NSF grants. Partners: Rutgers CS, DIMACS, MIT. Commission on Jobs Growth and

Economic Development

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State of MassDAL (Contd)• Science

– Developing wearable sensors for tracking location of objects as well as “interactions” between objects.

– Current partner: Telcordia. Their initial investment: $300K/3 months (est). Potential partner in works: Los Alamos National Lab.

– Potential: Analysis of social networks for Epidemiology and Homeland Security.


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Future of MassDAL• Research: Need breakthrough research in mathematics,

systems, databases, algorithms, sensor networking. • Expand data domains.

– Potential partners: Google, NJ auto insurance fraud data, USPTO patent data, AWS location trajectories, etc.

• Build state-of-art facility at Rutgers.– Secure, 24x7, data hosting and analysis infrastructure capable of

gathering and processing petabytes of data/month across domains, data sources, etc. Unique in the world!

• Potential. – Every wireless, telecom, internet service provider is looking to

farm out this crucial piece of their operations. Estimated market for these services: 100’s of millions in US $ per year. Crucial for NJ State. Interest from multiple VCs now.


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Visualizing, Monitoring, and Analyzing Network Data(Statistics Dept. and Avaya Labs)

• Communication networks are widespread.• Typical data provides a partial view of flow-data (e.g.,

on links)• Analyzing network data is important in:

– network planning and design– monitoring flaws– measuring reliability parameters– determining suitability of the network for different

transmission functions (voice, data, voice over IP…)


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Visualizing, Monitoring, and Analyzing Network Data

Challenges• Network data is complex and of high dimensionality.• Statistical methods for analyzing network data are few

and far between.• Visualizing data helps us to spot trends quickly.• Need is to develop high quality, practical, statistical and

data analytic tools for understanding data from partial views and limited measurements.


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Visualizing, Monitoring, and Analyzing Network Data

• Results potentially useful for other kinds of networks: transportation, social, …

• Such tools of great importance in telecom.• Research in this area already funded through NSF and

NSA• New methods/products should be very useful to NJ

companies.


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Self-Healing Dependable Computing

• Computer, Heal Thyself– Scientific American, July 2003

• We need systems that– monitor themselves– adjust hardware and software

configurations to match demand– predict and diagnose problems and

effect repairs – defend against hacker attacks


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Self-Healing Dependable ComputingKey Concerns

• Susceptibility to attack– Do denial-of-service attacks and viruses cause problem?

• Performability– Is system available with adequate performance when needed?

• Dependability– Can you rely on correct and predictable behavior?

• Self-awareness and autonomy– Does your system monitor and repair itself?

• Fail-safe uses– Would you trust your computer with a mission-critical task?


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• Information Technology is predicated on well-behaved, interacting machines

• but spam, viruses, and attacks are epidemic

State of the Art



• To combat these problems we are pouring valuable resources into firewalls• however firewalls restrict interaction!

needs to be refocused!

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• Be realistic about computing environments– Errors, both human and computer, will always be present– Machines are only as well-behaved as their owners– Viruses, spam, and attacks ARE part of the environment

Solutions

• Design systems that are self-aware and self-healing– Hardware is fast enough and affordable– Establish self-administered distributed policies– Continuously monitor, diagnose, and adapt



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• On the global IT sector– System downtime will become increasingly costly

– Without self-healing systems salaries will dominate IT costs

• On New Jersey – build on strengths

– Two of the six NJ growth clusters are related to IT

– NJ is center of telecom industry

– NJ has the largest number of scientists/engineers per capita• Experienced workforce is available for new initiatives

Self-Healing Dependable Computing: Economic Impact


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Self-Healing Dependable Computing: Rutgers Expertise

• Active research in several related areas– autonomous agents, change analysis for OO languages,

component-based scalable networks, database mining, distributed systems, fault tolerance, peer-to-peer computing, secure services, modeling and simulation

• 7 CS faculty are currently working on relevant research• $3.5M in external grants awarded over last few years• Active industrial collaboration

– Panasonic (Peer-to-peer computing)– IBM (change analysis for OO languages)– Telcordia and Rutgers CS are developing a joint initiative in

this area


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Multimodal Human-Machine Interface

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Force Feedback Glove

Gaze Tracker

Microphone

Array

Multimodal Human-Machine InterfaceReal-world trial with NJ National Guard

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User interface for interaction and collaboration with robots and humans

NSF Equipment Grant EIA#98-18313 Center for Advanced Information Processing, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854.

PI: J.L. Flanagan, co-PIs: J. Wilder, I. Marsic, M. Krane

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Portable Interactive Command Console (PICC)

Steerable microphone arrayelement

Stereo face tracking cameras

Gaze tracker

Source locator microphone

Loudspeakers

Light pen

Flatpaneldisplay

Sensors

HQ/VEHICLE

Robotic Vehicles Emergency Responder in the Field

Internet

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Pervasive and Autonomous Computing WinLAB, ECE, CS


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Pervasive and Autonomous Computing WinLAB, ECE, CS

• Communication and computing cost and performance have been improving by 2x every 18 months or less for decades.

• Wireless now makes it possible to complete the last link to people, machines, sensors, etc., everywhere.

• Great opportunity (and challenge) to move from point-to-point communication to pervasive communication, computing and knowledge access.


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Pervasive and Autonomous Computing

• Computing and communication can be integrated in the environment– Knowledge, information, communication always

available, but less obtrusive• Your personal “Radar O’Riley” is there to help,

wherever you are (and gone when you want privacy)• Sensors bring realtime data that matters

– From your heartbeat to traffic jams and afternoon weather

• The world’s knowledge is always available when needed.


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Pervasive and Autonomous Computing• Massive (and interesting) Research Challenges

– Flexible system integration

– New approaches to networking at all levels

– Information-centric parallel and grid computing

– Energy efficiency at all levels

– Context awareness for communication and applications

– Location awareness in routing and computing

– Effective and user friendly security at all levels

• Integrating of Computing and Communication (especially wireless) is already a major corporate thrust at Intel, Microsoft, IBM, and many others.


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Pervasive and Autonomous Computing

• Rutgers has expertise and ongoing programs in these areas.

• Communications and computing affect every aspect of the economy and every individual

• Recent events show the limitations of the existing models for Telecom. NJ could take the lead in changing the landscape.

New Jersey has the right combination of people, expertise, facilities to make it happen.


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Trusted Computing/AuthenticationRutgers – Camden (CS)

• Security is the fastest growing sector of the telecommunications market today

• Security involves: encryption, authentication, access control, identity management, user provisioning, …

• Telecom often involves access to remote resources, requiring authentication of users and monitoring of users’ access privileges


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Some Research Themes

•Authentication of remote users is usually done by passwords.•Traditional (alphanumeric) passwords are not user-friendly and lead to security problems and increased IT costs.•Graphical passwords: user-friendly; provide an extremely large password space (similar to a cryptographic key space) and thus are inherently more secure.•Human-factors analysis of new password schemes

Trusted Computing/Authentication


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Impact of Research:•Passwords are the most common method for authentication, but also one of the most vulnerable to cyber as well as physical attack.•Improved authentication will impact human-computer interface, security.•Will allow users to directly use passwords as cryptographic keys•Collaborations: Drexel, Brooklyn Poly., Minnesota•Collaborations: Unisys•Password research is of great interest to software and telecommunications industries.



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Other Research Challenges:

• Location-aware authentication/provisioning• Dynamically changing access control and

inference management• Biometrics

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Telecom and Homeland Security• Communication security

– wireless security– sharing data– information privacy– identity theft– secure e-commerce

• Emergency Communication

• Sensor Networks for Bio/Chemical Hazard Monitoring


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Telecom and Homeland Security

• Rutgers projects in communication security include:– tunable, programmable, adaptive filters for secure

communication (Engineering School)– low bit-rate coding of speech signals for secure

communications (CAIP) (with Sarnoff)– information privacy (DIMACS) (with HP Labs NJ,

Telcordia, AT&T Labs, NEC Labs)– secure e-commerce (CS with Fogbreak Software)

• These projects are funded by NSF, DARPA, NJCST


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Telecom and Homeland Security• Rutgers projects in emergency

communication include:– infostations for rapid

wireless communication for first responders (WINLAB) (with Mayflower Radio)

– rapid networking at emergency locations (DIMACS with Telcordia)

– rapid telecollaboration (CAIP)


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These projects are funded by DARPA

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• Rutgers project in sensor networks with application to bio/chemical hazard monitoring:– WINLAB– partnered with

Agere, Sarnoff, Semandex, Thomson, J&J, Lucent


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• Methods used in telecom are coming to be useful in homeland security research.

• Provides a great business opportunity for NJ’s telecom industry.

• Already, NJ telecom companies are subcontractors to Rutgers federal grants in this area.

• Examples are:– surveillance/detection methods– bioterrorism sensor location


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Telecom and Homeland Security• Surveillance/detection:

– Massive data set methods used in fraud detection, network intrusion detection, etc. are being used in bioterrorist attack detection, emerging disease identification.

• DIMACS, $3M from NSF, ONR, Sloan Foundation, Burroughs Wellcome Fund

• cooperating with AT&T, Lucent, Telcordia, Merck, state and local health departments, CDC


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anthrax

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• Surveillance/detection:– MDS methods also

used in monitoring streams of text messages for “new events”• DIMACS, $1M from

ICMIC (intelligence community)

• cooperating with AT&T, Telcordia


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• Bioterrorism sensor location


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BASIS bioterroism sensor system

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• Bioterrorism sensor location– Network design methods useful.– “Equipment placing” algorithms developed for

broadband access at Telcordia are candidates for modification for sensor placement problems.

– Algorithms developed at Telcordia for placing regenerating equipment in transparent optical networks are also relevant.

– Work at DIMACS with partners from AT&T Labs, Telcordia, Industrial Engineering, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety Institute (joint with UMDNJ), Statistics, CS, and RUTCOR


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• Thus, homeland security research can put NJ telecom back to work.


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july 11, 2003 1 telecom research at rutgers university fred s. roberts director, dimacs...

Documents

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