Antiquariat Michael Kühn

Berlin

Science Medicine History of Ideas

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July 2017

New Stocked Books on Science, Engineering,

Medicine and Art

Alchemy

Hoghelande, Theobaldus de.De Alchemiae difficultatibus. Theobaldi De Hoghe-lande Mittelburgensis Liber. In quo decotur quid scire, quidquid vitare debeat verae chemiae studiosus ad per-fectionem aspirans. …- Cologne: Henricus Falcken-burg, 1594. 8° (156 x 100 mm) [24], [1], 165 [= 166] pp., (1, blank) with woodcut device on title, woodcut initials. Contemporary vellum, speckled edges, bowed, lacking ties and slightly stained, ink shelf mark on title. An errata leaf – not present here and absent in almost all copies – was probably added to a small percentage of copies printed towards the end of the print-run only, minor repair at title, some light staining and browning, occasional tiny worm-holes, small paperflaw on C8. Early ink underlinings and annotations in text and on front-fly.

EUR 4.800.-

Rare first edition of this alchemical treatise in defence of alchemy, but in which examples are cited of the transmutation of mercury into gold.

„Some writers identify Theobald and Ewald von Ho(g)heland from Mid-delburg in Seeland, while others keep them distinct. On the assumption that they are the same, Theobald is regarded as a writer who having first written against alchemy afterwards brought forward evidence in support of alchemy.“ It was translated into german and it was included into Theatrum chemicum. (Neville Historical I, 650-51)

Theobaldus van Hoghelande, auch Hohelande (um 1560–1608) war ein niederländischer Alchemist, der in Middelburg wirkte. Einige identifizieren ihn auch mit dem Autor Ewald van Hoghelande (der manchmal auch mit dem alchemistischen Autor Ewald Vogelius identifiziert wird), nach anderen sind sie Brüder. Das Buch Kurzer Bericht und klarer Beweis, dass die Alchemie... ein sonderbar Geschenck Gottes (Leipzig 1604) von Ewald von Hoghelande gibt vor, seinen Bruder Theobald von der Wahrhaftigkeit der Alchemie zu überzeugen. Jöcher und Ferguson sehen Ewald und Theobald als verschieden an. Nach R. J. W. Evans, dem Biografen von Rudolf II. war

er zeitweise in Prag am Hof von Rudolf II. und erhielt dort Informationen über Ramon Lull vom spanischen Botschafter San Clemente, der sich einer Verwandtschaft mit Lull rühmte. In seinen Schriften verteidigte er die Al-chemie gegen Kritiker. Einiger seiner Schriften sind im Theatrum Chemicum abgedruckt.

„In seinem Werk De Alchemiae difficultatibus kehrte Hoghelande die Ordung um: Die Erforschung des Gewissens bildete nicht den Endpunkt der alchemistischen Arbeit, sondern in impliziter Anlehnung an Paracelsus, deren Voraussetzung. Die Verwerfung des „toten Buchstabens“ führte Hoghelande – wie zahl-reiche Alchemisten, unter anderem Heinrich Khunrath, Cesare della Riviera und Henri de Linthaut – zum Lob der simplicitas, d.h. der Einfachheit und der Präzision

Lit.: Frank Greiner: Écriture et ésotérisme dans un traité alchimique de la fin de la Renaissance: Le De Alchemiae difficultatibus de Theobald de Hoghelande, Bulletin de l‘Association d‘étude sur l’ humanisme, la ré-forme et la Renaissance, Nr. 38, 1994, pp. 45-71; Ferguson I, 412; VD16 H4313; Brüning 654; Wellcome I, 3273; Duveen 299-300; Mellon I, no. 51; Thorndike V, 647-48.

Technical Drawing

Scheiner, Christoph; Giulio Troili. Prattica del parallelogrammo da disegnare, del P. Chri-stoforo Scheiner della Compagnia die Giesù. Di nuovo data in luce da Giulio Troili alias Principe Pittore da Spilimberto.- Bologna: Giacomo Monti, 1653. 4° (178 x 134 mm). 24 pp. Engraved vignette of the arms of the dedicatee Ercole Mariscotti on title, 2 folding engraved plates, one woodcut diagram. Modern blue boards.

EUR 3.200.-

Very rare version of Scheiner’s book on the pantograph edited by il Paradosso; no copy in german libraries.

This work describes a pantograph for copying a plane figure in a different scale. It is a translation by Giulio Troili (il Paradosso) (1613–1685) and also a truncated version of the latin edition published by Christoph Scheiner (1573–1650) under title: Pantographice in Rome in1631. Similar editions were published in Padua 1637 and Verona 1652 (but all very rare): it concerns itself solely with the pantograph’s use in art and engineering and contains none of the theoretical material found in the earlier version of Scheiner (1631). Christoph Scheiner was a Jesuit who opposed Galileo and his ideas. He was, however, a skilled scientist in his own right, working on optics. He was one of the first who showed that the retina is the true organ of

vision. The earlier version describes the invention of the pantographice in 1603 and how it can be used in a wide variety of fields, from astronomy, through civil en-gineering and military work, to the fine arts. The work was accompanied by an extensive theoretical work on parallelograms in general which the trans-lator Troili left out. Giulio Troili (1623–1685) also known as il Pa-radosso was one of the few 17th cent. italian painters to publish on perspective. He settled in Bologna around 1650 and specialized in perspective paintings. In his book on Scheiner, Troili illustrated how the pantograph can be used to enlarge and reduce a picture. In his example he chose a portrait, but it also could be used in engineering. There is a stamped correction on page 3, line 8.- Tomash Library S 36; Andersen. The geometry of an Art (2007), pp.381 - 385. KVK: in Germany only microfiches; COPAC: BL London, Cambridge (Verona 1652 ed.), Oxford Univ. has only microfiche; OCLC: Cloumbia, Michigan, Penssylvania

Tivoli and the Flood of 1826

Albani, GiuseppeMemorie e documenti da servire alla storia della chiusa dell‘Aniene in Tivoli ; colle quali si dimostra ciò che si è fatto dopo la costruzione della nuova chiusa e ciò che si progetta di fare per preservare da ulteriori disastri la città di Tivoli, il Tempio di Ves-ta e la Grotta di Nettuno fino alla risoluzione presa dalla Congregazione particolare deputata degli Eminentissimi Sigg. Cardinali G. Albani, E. Dandini, A. Rivarola; con numero VII. tavole incise, risguardanti piante, sezioni e profili.- Roma: della Tipografia Ajani, 1831. sm.Folio (280 x 210 mm) [2, Errata], 124 pp., [2] pages, 7 folded en-graved plates, partly hand colored. Contemporary half vellum, gilt spine in compartment, marbled boards, fresh and clean copy, very nice one.

EUR 2.800.-

Exceedingly rare book on the Aniene river regulation, bridge construction, restoration of foundations & piers at Tivoli. In antiquity, three principal aqueducts of Rome – the Aqua Anio Vetus, Aqua Anio Novus and Aqua Claudia – had their sources in the Aniene valley. The Aniene river was an important water source as Rome‘s population expanded. A terrible flood in 1826 made the waters of the Aniene river overflow its banks, dragging away almost all the houses located in the oldest part of the Latium town. The disaster persuaded the government of the Papal State to intervene. By Pope Gregory XVI‘s order the course of the Aniene was diverted in order to create an impressive waterfall, after a long wide tunnel. Worldwide resonan-ce was given to the drafting of the plans, and numerous foreign architects took part in the competition. Almost all the plans proposed the construction of high walls and embankments, diverting any floodwaters into effluents.

The winning proposal was that of Clemente Folchi, who suggested diverting the bed of the Aniene. In 1832, a huge and spectacular project thus began to divert the river by means of the so-called Cunicoli Gregoriani (Gregorian Tunnels), two 300-metre tunnels of a width varying from 10 metres at the entrance to 7.20 at the exit, dug under Mount Catillo, so as to move the course of the Aniene and the falling point of the water further away from the residential area. The project was authorized and financed by Pope Gregory XVI who, on 7 October 1835, watched the spectacle of the first prodigious drop of the water in the new great waterfall. The work was not limited to just the rerouting of the river, but also included the construction of two vast squares, Piazza Rivarola and Piazza Massimo, joined by the bridge called Ponte Gregoriano.- KVK: Stabi Berlin; Bibl. Hertziana; COPAC: British School at Rome; Rome, Madrid; not in OCLC (USA / Canada);

Exceedingly rare book on the construction of the artificial water-fall in Tivoli or Villa Gregoriana. These are the ideas to the project by the hydraulic engineer in the Papal State, Giuseppe Venturoli (1768–1846) and Nicola Maria Nicolai.

After some destructive floods of the Aniene river in the 1820’s which destroyed almost all the homes situated in the oldest part of Tivoli (Italy), the government of the Papal State was moved to intervene. Worldwide resonance was given to the drafting of the plans, and numerous foreign architects took part in the competition. Almost all the plans proposed the construction of high walls and embankments, diverting any floodwaters into effluents. The winning proposal was that of Clemente Folchi, who suggested diverting the bed of the Aniene. Under Pope Gregory XVI, engineers diverted the main flow of the river through two

new man-made flood tunnels (Cunicoli Gregoriani, Gregorian Tunnels) which channeled the water away from town. These tunnels send the water down cliffs opposite town, creating a vast new waterfall. Visitors came to Tivoli to admire the engineering and the dramatic scenery of the new public park, named the Villa Gregoriana after Pope Gregory. Tivoli was a popular destination for travellers making their Grand Tour of Europe. The view over the valley incorporating temple and waterfall has been said to be one of the most-painted landscapes in the world. The project was authorized and financed by Pope Gregory XVI who, on 7 October 1835, watched the spectacle of the first prodigious drop of the water in the new great waterfall.- OCLC: Bibliotheca Hertziana, Bi-bliotheca Berenson; Bibliotheca Oechslin; British School at Rome; no copy in COPAC or OCLC (USA / Canada)

Villa Gregoriana

Nicolai, Nicola Maria.Sulla costruzione della nuova chiusa dell’ Aniene in Tivoli per la rotta seguita li 16 novembre 1826.- Roma: stamp. della Rev. Camera Apostolica, 1829. Quarto (280 mm) VII, (1), 268 pp., 26 pp. with 9 fold. engraved plates by G. Spinetti, 1 fold. tab. and with „Appendice“ (separate pag.: Rapporto del chiarissimo professore Giuseppe Ven-turoli all’ eminentissimo sig. cardinale Giuseppe Albani segretario di stato intorno alcuni nuovi progetti di divergenza e riparo dell’Aniene. Contemporary half calf, gilt spine in compartments, little spotted throughout, but a really nice copy of a rare book.

EUR 2.800.-

Waterworks & Drainage North of Rome

Scaccia, Girolamo; Clemente Folchi.Progetto di sistemazione dei torrenti, e scoli della Valle Spoletana presentato alla Santita di Nostro Signore e dalla Santita Sua approvato con chirografo dei 19 aprile 1828 diretto all‘eminentissimo, e reve-rendissimo signor cardinale Agostino Rivarola ... / [di G. Scaccia e C. Folchi].- Roma : nella Stamperia della Reverenda Camera Apostolica, 1828. Folio (350 x 225 mm) [2], VI, 64 pp., with 6 partly colored, folding engraved plates (profils with canal beds). Very fine copy in red morocco with gilt ruled borders, printed on strong paper, fresh and clean.

EUR 1.800.-

Rare description of waterworks and drainage projects in the Valle Spoletana in 1828 done by the architect and first engineer of the Pope, Girolamo Scaccia (1778–1831) and the italian engineer Clemente Folchi (1780–1868), who had studied with a pupil of Luigi Vanvitelli. From 1832 to 1835 he worked for Pope Gregor XVI on the reconstruction of the Aniene river-bed near Tivoli, trying to fix the problem which caused numerous flood catastrophes. At the mount Catillo he built a 294 meter long canal called Taforo Gregoriano, and similar hydraulic projects. A network of riverbeds, holes and channels, which are connected with the main river bodies, com-plete a hydro-morphological system that runs towards confluence with the Tiber River through the Chiascio River. What today seems to be a well regulated basin is the result of centuries of effort the signs of which are the numerous water works that are still in existence in the countryside.

On February 17, 1787, Goethe visited the region with his painter-friend Tischbein. He reports in his book, The Italienische Reise, that the canals „have never seen so bad of an appearance as they are usually described in Rome“. Goethe became interested in the dewatering at-tempts, after observing that it is „a large and extensive task“. He probably used this image in this scene in his Faust II, Act V: „A marsh extends along the mountain-chain, That poisons what so far I’ve been achieving; Were I that noisome pool to drain, ‚Twould be the highest, last achieving. Thus space to many millions I will give. Where, though not safe, yet free and active they may live.“

Scaccia: „La sua fama e legata alla realizzazione della transitabilita delle paludi pontine. Nel 1831, poco pri-ma della morte, fu nominato primo ingegnere del Papa.“

Early Dredge for River Hydraulics

Gerra, Giovanni Domenico.Descrizione pratica, e teorica d’un modello di macchina detto il campasso per iscavare fango e arena dai porti disegnato, e fatto esguire in Savona dal Padre Gio: Domenico Gerra della Compagnia di Gesú.- in Genova: per il Casamare, sulla piazza dell cinque Lampadi, 1773. Quarto (215 x 155 mm) 56 pp. with 3 very fine large engraved fold. plates. Marbled Wrappers, little browned, else a fine copy of a rare book.

EUR 2.800.-

Very rare work of a excavating grab bucket by the geno-vese jesuit astronomer & engineer Giovanni Domenico Gerra (1728–1813) who was lecturer of natural philo-sophy at Brera College. The machine was used in 1772 for the construction of the port of Savona. Domenico Gerra was the astronomer at the observatory of Brera where he began to make observations with Giuseppe Bovio from the 1760’s. Both discovered a new comet in 1760. Later father Luigi La Grange (1711–1783) from Marseille observatory and Roger Boscovich joint their forces at the newly founded observatory.— Riccardi II, 2, 126; De Backer-S. III, 2216. OCLC: only Dresden, BN Paris, Harvard, Yale; Burndy; NY Public; not in COPAC.

Grab Bucket

Cialdi, Alessandro. Delle barche a vapore e di alquante proposizioni per rendere più sicura e più agevole la navigazione del Tevere e della sua foce in Fiumicino.- Roma, Tipografia delle Belle arti, 1845. 8° (228 mm). (6), 416 pp. with 5 fold. plates. Original Wrappers. Little used and spotted.

EUR 700.-

Very rare work on an excavating grab bucket by by the head of the Papal Navy, Alessandro Cialdi (1807-1892). He is today known for the transportation and enginee-ring work regarding two big obelisks. Prince Alessandro Torlonia decided to commemorate his parents by dedicating them two obelisks to be installed in the family villa in Rome.

In the spring of 1839 the coarse obelisks were trans-ported from the quarry to the town of Baveno, on the shores of Lake Maggiore to Rome. Captain Cialdi, then in his early thirties, as well as an able seaman, was also a naval engineer, able to set up the ship so to warrant a stable and safe navigation, even carrying a very special load. He then made adjust the lugger‘s hold, under the direction of Francesco di Giovanni, a shipwright from Civitavecchia, removing the deck, so that the obelisks could be placed. Then the problem of how to carry the obelisks to the villa arose: the idea of a journey by land was discarded, for the high risk of accidents, the inconvenience to the city of Rome during the transit, and for the risk of not being able to pass through bridges or arches met on the way, not to mention the

slow pace of the transfer, while the prince Torlonia urged a quick delivery. Prince Torlonia then accepted the Cialdi proposal of a further waterways trip, along the Tiber River until the confluence of Aniene and then to the closest landing place to Villa Torlonia. The ship was pulled by buffaloes in the rural areas, and by men within the city, where the passage was accompanied by great popular curiosity, facilitated by the fact that the embankments along the river had not yet been built, and many Romans could see the passage of Fortunato just looking out the window of their house.

In the 1840’s Alessandro Cialdi organized and led an expedition to Egypt, sailing up the Nile. In 1842 he purchased three paddle-steamers built in England, capable of sailing upstream the river Tiber, the main trade route of the time which also offered two dockings in the centre of Rome: Ripa Grande and Ripetta. The three streamers were joined by a fourth ship called Roma, which took part in the First Independence War (1848) under the command of Lt. Col. Cialdi.- DBI vol. 25 pp.103-5.

Earthworks

Meinert, Friedrich.Der Terrassierer oder die Kunst, Terrassen und andere abgedachte Erdwände mit Erde, Rasen und mit troc-kenem Mauerwerke zu bekleiden: Für Landgutsbesitzer, Garteneigenthümer, Kunstgärtner, Weinbauer und ge-meine Erdarbeiter.- Weimar: Gädicke, 1803. Quarto (265 x 215 mm) VIII, 88 pp. with three engraved pla-tes, partly colored. Blue wrappers, uncut copy, edges worn and wrinkled.

EUR 700.-

Early rare work on rampart and earthwork for the engineer. The chapters are on building walls and ramparts and the plates show instruments and different techniques to built walls. About the annonymous author nothing is known.- Holz-mann/Bohatta IV.4953. no copy in OCLC or COPAC.

Posthumous Papers

HOOKE, Robert (Derham, William; ed.)Philosophical Experiments and Observations of the late Eminent Dr. Robert Hooke, … publish’d by W(illiam) Derham.- London: W. & J. Innys, 1726. 8° (195 x 118 mm) (8), 391 pp., (7) with 4 engraved plates of which two are folding, woodcut illustrations and device on title. Contemporary paneled calf, red morocco spine label, speckled edges, joints cracked, lightly rubbed, two tiny repairs to U5, occasional faint browning.

EUR 5.500.-

First edition of some of Robert Hooke’s unpublished papers on, inter alia, telescopes, barometers, windmills, distant messaging, portable camera obscura, light and amber et al.; given to William Derham by the widow of Richard Waller who had published Hooke’s Posthumous Works in 1705. The papers were arranged in chronological order, where this could be determi-ned, and interspersed with papers by others’.

„The fate of Hooke’s own papers, as distinct from his printed books, is a convoluted story. Unlike his printed books, Hooke’s own papers and manuscripts were not mentioned in his inventory. Through Mary and Joseph Dillon, Hooke’s friend Richard Waller later obtained many of Hooke’s professional papers and his diaries, from which he edited the thick folio volume of Hooke’s Posthumous Works, published in 1705, prefaced by his life of Hooke. In 1708 he received the folio manuscript of Hooke’s earlier memoranda from Joseph Dillon; it seems therefore that he only held some

of the later, small format diaries when editing the Posthumous Works. Waller was the secretary of the Royal Society when Hooke died, and it was presumably in this capacity that he examined and sorted Hooke’s papers; at any rate, many papers at this point entered the Royal Society’s archives. Indeed, miscellanea from Hooke’s papers, furnished by Waller, supplied frequent occasion for presentation and discussion before the Society; appa-rently between 1711 and 1714 there were over twenty occasions on which individual Hooke papers received such attention. On Waller’s death in 1715

‘a Part of the Papers’ passed from Waller’s widow and his brother-in-law to William Derham (1657–1735), clergyman and FRS, author of The Artificial Clockmaker (1696, in which Hooke’s achievements are celebrated), and edi-tor of a further, smaller volume of Hooke’s papers, as well as some editions of the Nachlass of John Ray. Derham’s edition of Hooke’s Experiments and Observations appeared in 1726, a rather miscellaneous volume not unlike an issue of the Philosophical Transactions itself.- Keynes 36; Gedeon pp. 204 & 510; Norman 1102; Wheeler Gift 262.

Provenance: John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute (1713-1792) and Harrison D. Horblit.

First Image of a Staem Engine

PORTA, Giovan Battista della (c.1538-1615). I tre libri de‘ spiritali … cioe d‘inalzar acque per forza dell‘aria. Naples: Gio. Iacomo Carlino, 1606. 4° (198 x 146 mm). 98 pp., (2) with woodcut printer’s device on title, numerous large woodcut illustrations and diagrams within text. Title slightly wormed at bottom margin, marginal soiling and staining, F1-2 with small paperflow at bottom margin. Contemporary cartone alla rustica, front cover stained, rear cover discolored, endpapers browned. Fine copy albeit.

EUR 5.000.-

Rare. Enlarged translation of della Porta’s work of 1601, a commentary and critique of Hero’s works. This work draws heavily on Hero s concepts of pneumatics and hydrau-lics to suggest various engineering inno-vations. The Pneumaticorum of 1601 here appears in the Italian translation of Porta’s student Juan Es-crivano, with the addition of a third book. This edition was the „first to contain the illustration celebrated in the history of the steam engine“ (Zeitlinger). In his address to the author, Escrivano explains that the translation is for mechanics ‘che quasi sono tutti idioti’. It is a work on the mechanics of water and steam. „On page 75 is the famous woodcut of the machine for raising a column of water by steam pressure, the condensation of the steam producing a vacuum into which the water flowed. The machine used steam pressure of expanding air. Porta’s machine was not made use of often, and it remained for Guericke and Boyle in the mid-seventeenth century to reinvestigate the means for producing vacua, using air suction pumps. As in Porta’s other books, the woodcuts in this work achieve a high degree of clarity and artistic excellence.“ (Neville Historical Library II, 325) Della Porta also looked back critically on experiments by Hero of Alexandria, using diagrams taken from early manuscripts. Della Porta explored various ideas for steam powered machines following the example of Hero of Alexandria. In antiquity, Hero fashioned marvelous automata using steam, air pressure, and hydraulics. Pneumatic engineering is but one example of della Porta’s larger enterprise of “Natural Magic,” in which he attempted to make visible the effects of causes that are hidden but natural.

„The biggest influence on (Renaissance) garden waterworks was the translation from greek of Hero’s work on pneumatics. Giorgio Valla translated some of Hero’s wrinting into latin in 1501, but the first complete latin translation of all of Hero’s works by the mathematician Federico Commandino appeared in 1575 as Spiritalium liber. Yet, Hero’s ideas regarding water-powered automata and waterworks only became truly influential with the publication of Italian versions of his Pneumatics. The first of these, by the famous ar-chitect, engineer and stage designer Giovanni Battista Aleotti in 1589, including both Hero’s designs and Aleotti’s own ideas, inspired by Hero. After this date, more authors began publishing books of designs inspired by Hero s Pneu-matics, rather than translations of it, and the most famous garden water automata began appearing in Europe. In 1601 Giambattista della Porta published a critique and commentary upon the works of Hero and the Alexandrians called Pneumaticorum libri tres, which one of his students trans-lated into Italian. The most influential work of the period was arguably: Les raisons des forces mouvantes avec divers machines tant uti-les que plaisantes by Salomon de Caus, publ. in 1615, this work draws heavily on Hero s concepts of pneumatics and hydraulics to suggest various engineering innovations.“ (Kevin LaGrandeur. Androids and intelligent networks, pp. 44)

SBN locates only three copies. DSB XI, 97; Middleton 5; Osler 3722; BL/STC 17th-cen-tury Italian Books II, 701; Riccardi I(ii) 310; Wolf, History of Science I, 544; Wellcome I, 5208; Sotheran Cat. 682, 3717 („Rare“ in 1908)

A Mechanical Cabinet

BAILEY, William. Theoretisch-praktisches Werk, die Künste, Manufakturen und Han-delschaft betreffend, oder Abrisse und Beschreibungen der nützlichen Maschinen und Modellen, welche zu London aufbewahret werden. Aus dem Englischen von I(dephons) K(ennedy).- München und Leipzig, J. N. Fritz, 1780. Small Folio (295 x 225 mm). 20 Bll., 422 pp. with 55 fold. engraved plates and a few vignettes. Contempora-ry calf, gilt in compartments and on covers, gilt edges, fine copy on strong better paper.

EUR 2.800.-

Second german edition of this inventory of instruments and machines held by the ‚Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce‘ in London, today ‚Royal Society of Arts“. It was the first original english atlas of machinery and mechanical devices. The inventions are by different english inventors and the models of these inventions owned by the Society of Encouragement of Arts,… are shown on the plates. Scientific or mechanical cabinets were used in the Enlightenment to educate and show mechanical principles. Part of the pedagogy was to illustrate all of the machinery elements that every engineer should be familiar with. The collection of wooden models that demonstrated simple principles for motion conversion and more complex principles in economy were stored at the Society.The plates are from drawings by William Bailey and his son, Alexander M. Bailey. The first group of plates in part one and two are concerned with

various branches of agriculture, that being by far the largest industry in Britain at the time. The remaining plates are concerned with manufactures and mechanics, and reflect Britain’s rise as the preeminent manufacturing nation. They include the stocking-frame, looms, cranes, a sawmill, a hole-borer, and many others. The whole project was over-seen by the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce which awarded medals for outstanding designs. It is not surprising that the english edition was translated twice into german as the book was in demand in Germany.

This edition was supervised by Ildephons Kennedy (1722–1804), a Bene-dictian, who was born in Scotland, but worked since 1747 in Regensburg (Bavaria) as lecturer in physics and mechanics. He was one of the first members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and began lecturing natural sciences in Munich also to the public. He was also one of the first to lecture in german instead of latin in mechanics: „Es galt als waghalsiges Beginnen, daß er, der Schotte, in seinen physikalischen Unterrichtsstunden nicht des herkömm-lichen Latein, sondern der deutschen Sprache sich bediente; sein Vortrag war jedoch so faßlich und fesselnd, daß sich bald Angehörige aller Stände zu seinen Vorlesungen drängten.“ (ADB).- Engelmann, Bibl. mech.-techn. 21; Graesse I, 276; not in Rouse. Historical and not in Roberts/ Trent.

Russian Abacus

Asmuss, Johann Martin.Das russische Rechen-Brett, als Anschauungs- und Versinnlichungs- Mittel beim Rechen-Unterricht für Schule und Haus, dargestellt … Leipzig: bei Paul Gotthelf Kummer, 1831. (colophon: Dorpat: J. C. Schünmann, 1831) 8° (210 x 125 mm) (4), (XX, subscribers list), 116 pp. with one lithographed plate showing the „abacus“ and one fold. table (Multiplications-Tabelle)

EUR 1.400.-

Exceedingly rare book, the first description on the use of the „russian counting frame or russian abacus“ (tchoty), a calculating tool used in trade and school.

This Russian abacus or tchoty here has a well-finished wooden frame, eight-teen metal rods for carrying the beads that move along the rods. The rods have eight white and one black beads. The normal russian abacus has a sin-gle slanted deck, with ten beads on each wire, except one wire, which has four beads for quarter-ruble fractions. The Russian abacus is often used ver-tically, with wires from left to right in the manner of a book. For distinction the middle two beads were made of different colors to stand out from the remaining beads and remain helpful in calculations. The abacus is a calcula-ting tool that was in use in Europe, China and Russia, centuries before the adoption of the written Hindu-Arabic numeral system. The exact origin of the abacus is still unknown. Abaci come in different designs. Some designs, like the bead frame consisting of beads divided into tens, are used mainly to teach arithmetic, although they remain popular in the post-Soviet States as a tool. Although today many use calculators instead of abaci to calculate, abaci still remain in com-mon use in some countries. Merchants, traders

and clerks in some parts of Eastern Europe, Russia, China and Africa use abaci, and they are still used to teach arithmetic to children. Some people who are unable to use a calculator because of visual impairment may use an abacus. Johann Martin Asmuss (1784–1844 Tartu) was a German educator, mathematician, and poet who worked in Tartu. Until 1801 Asmuss worked as a business agent in Lübeck and then from 1801 to 1805 as trade agent in Riga. In 1810 he founded the private Pestalozzi School in Tartu, taught also at the Tartu Girl‘s School (1811–1814), becoming an school inspector later on. From 1828 to 1844, he worked as a retired assistant and accoun-tant at the University of Tartu. Asmuss published calendars in Tartu from 1829-1843. KVK: Kiel, Bonn, Frankfurt a. M.; ETH; not in COPAC, OCLC. one copy at Clark University; not in Tomash Library.

Provenance: Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde der Ostsee-provinzen Rußlands in Riga (founded in 1834), dispersed before 1939: „Die mächtige Bibliothek der Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Altertumskunde der Ostseeprovinzen Rußlands wurde ebenso wie die Ritterschaftsbibliothek verstreut.“

anon.; Artificial FlowersLarge-format trade catalog with mounted samples of artificial flowers, especially their leaves, and parts, in silk, velvet and paper. (France, late 19th century) Imperial - Folio (550 x 380 mm) 8 leaves, 2 blank lea-ves, 27 leaves with around 500 samples, partly titled in ink with num-bers, only a few french words. The cartons partly on both sides with patterns, overall with strong traces of use, especially in the margins of the leaves, corners and edges, crumbly and with tears, but the overall impression of the object especially the patterns hardly diminishing. Half-cloth volume of the late 19th or early 20th century. Strong traces of use, spine partly defective.

EUR 4.200.-

Exceedingly rare trade catalog with samples of artificial flowers, especially their leaves, most probably made from original plants in nature-print or in embossed printing. The rib structure of the leaves have probably been pro-duced in embossed printing. They could no doubt be more easily removed from the natural object than by means of an embossing mold which was to be embroidered.Sample books on artificial flowers are scarcely seen on the market and are, in this respect, not comparable in rarity with other sample books, e.g. those of the clothing or textil industry. In addition, sample books of french manufactors are a rarity due to the market-dominating position of the Saxony artificial flower in-dustry (at Sebnitz). Noteworthy is especially the underlying botanical precision of the samples / patterns that suggests that the manufacturer did make its products mainly for the academic-

institutional market. In contrast to today, artificial flowers at the end of the 19th century were by no means intended only for decoration of residential and commercial buildings; they also played an important role as scientific teaching aid in scientific education. A lot of zoological-botanical dioramas were produced in large numbers in the second half of the 19th century for museum, institutions, home terariums, et al..

In the 19th Century, artificial flowers were used more often in fashion: to decorate clothing, for hat trimmings and in artful hairstyles. The industry spread throughout the world. France, being the leading country for fashion, hosted the most important flower factories and flower artists (Monsieur Seguin, Mon-sieur Beaulard, T. J. Wenzel – the royal flower maker for queen Marie Antoinette). Around 1780, the Huguenots took the art of flower ma-king to Berlin where an important confection industry was being developed. To be able to sell to a broader audience the industry copied the trends from Paris for which of course fitting accessories like fashion flowers where nee-ded. Flowers came to Sachsen via Vienna and Böhmen, which in those days belonged to Austria/Hungary. Earlier, popular flowers were traditionally made from paper, wood shavings and lightweight linen. They were used as decorations in festivals, on traditional costumes and in churches. These products where imported to Sachsen until Sachsen joined the German Customs Union in 1834. Due to the high customs tax charged for products from Böhmen, the flowers became increasingly expensive. Soon after, ma-nufacturers transported their products to Sebnitz located near the Böhmen

– Sachsen border. During these times many residential manual-weaving factories had to close down due to the increasing use of mechanical looms. The weavers then took over the products of the “Böhmen” and the female weavers quickly adapted by learning to make flowers. This new trade was well suited for working from home and up till today the gluing and binding of the flowers is done from home.

As more markets became accessible via trade fairs and contacts with foreign wholesalers these products became increasingly more important and so the first factories were erected in Sebnitz. The launch onto the world market succeeded in 1870/71 when the French firms could not deliver their pro-ducts due to the siege of Paris and had to send their clients to other sellers including those from the region of Sebnitz. Some firms copied the French samples while other firms achieved better quality and higher production

through division of the different phases of production, improvement of the tools, and specialisation in particular types of flowers. Front man of this development was flower manufacturer Louis Meiche who had worked since 1869 in Sebnitz. Until the world science crisis in the early 1920s, the flower branch in Europe experienced continuous growth. In these times Paris counted over 2000 firms with around 19.000 predominantly female

workers while in the rest of France another 9.000 people worked in the industry. Another 3.000 em-ployees worked in Berlin. Sebnitz and Neustad had 130 firms (with over 10 employees) and around 10.000 workers. There were two main reasons for the strong scien-tific decline after this successful period: firstly, fashion had changed. Hats became smaller and simpler and relied more on trimmings. Also clothing became less exclusive. Secondly, as of 1933, during the era of National Socialism, all trade relations with Jewish firms – which were most of the wholesalers, owners of shopping centres, and business representatives - had to be abandoned.

Geological Wall Maps

Fraas, Oscar.Geologische Wandtafeln. Die 4 Welten - Alter in geo-logischen Profilen und Landschaften, nebst übersicht-lichen Hilfstabellen zum Studium der Geognosie von Dr. Oscar Fraas, Professor und Conservator am Kgl. Naturaliencabinet zu Stuttgart.- Ravensburg: Eugen Ulmer, 1871. 8° (205 x 145 mm) (2), 45 pp. text and a publ. folder in haIf cloth (380 x 600 mm) with printed title on cover to include IV color printed leaves (735 x 580 mm). Fine.

EUR 2.400.-

Rare complete set.

First edition of Fraas’ geological wall maps with text. A second edition of 1880 included a fifth map to paleontology which is not included in this first edition here. The Prospectus (2 Bll.) is included. as the later published text to the fifth map.

Oscar Friedrich von Fraas (1824–1897) was a German clergyman, paleontologist and geologist. He was also deeply interested in natural sciences, and while a theology student at Tübingen was influenced by geologist Friedrich August von Quenstedt. In 1847 he travelled to Paris, where he attended lectures given by Alcide d’ Orbigny and Jean-Baptiste Élie de Beaumont. In 1854 he was named curator of the department of mineralogy and paleontology at the Royal Württem-berg museum of natural history in Stuttgart, where he greatly added to its collections of swa-bian fossil batrachians, reptiles and mammals. With Karl Deffner (1817–1877), he conducted a geological survey of Württemberg. In addition to his geological and paleontological studies of Württemberg, he conducted scientific investigations of the Middle East, based on travels to the region in 1864–65 and 1875. As a result of his Middle Eastern travels in Egypt, Syria and Lebanon, he published the two part Aus dem Orient (1867, 1878).- Henze II, 273.

Educational Wall Charts for Obstetrics

Schultze, Bernhard Sigmund. Wandtafeln zur Schwangerschafts- und Geburtskunde. Zwanzig Tafeln in grösstem Landkarten-Imperial- For-mat. Gezeichnet und mit erläuterndem Texte herausge-geben. Atlas- and text-volume bound in 2 vols. Leipzig, E. J. Günther 1865. 4to (365 x 270 mm) text: 24 unn-umb. leaves; and Imperial - folio (910 x 645 mm) atlas: with 20 partly coloured lithographed plates mounted on cloth. Contemporary cloth and cont. half calf.

EUR 6.500.-

Very rare first edition of these obstetrical & gynaecological wall charts used as a teaching aid and to be hung in hospitals and laboratories to study. Most of these wall charts had been destroyed and libraries often hold only the text volume. The large, almost life-size plates were printed at the Lithogra-phische Anstalt von Oscar Fürstenau in Leipzig. (Klimsch, Adressbuch der Buch- und Steindruckereien p. 104).

„Die Darstellungen betreffen meist normale Verhältnisse; in den meisten wurde die natürliche Grösse beibehalten.“ (Preface). „Weite Verbreitung fan-den die großen Wandtafeln ... Sie sind mit großer Meisterschaft entworfen und ausgeführt.“ (Monatsschrift für Geburtskunde vol.VI, p. 379).

The German gynaecologist Schultze (1827–1919) is regarded as a founder of modern gynaecology and reformer of obstetrics. He was one of the first to reform obstetrical education through simulators and through better iconography.

„In 1864 Schultze wrote a scientific paper on obstetric simulation in edu-cation and practice: Improvement of the phantom for practising obstetric procedures. It it he explained he had begun teaching using a simulator five years earlier which was the year he moved to Jena. Improvements Schultz described for an obstetric simulator were a mechanism to allow the simu-lator to be used on either side and a thick rubber pelvic floor that better replicated crowning of the fetal head in normal and assisted deliveries. Schultze’s modification to the pelvic floor of the obstetric simulators had another advantage, female genitalia and internal organs could be taken from a corpse and attached to the Schultze phantom for gynaecological procedures. The Schultze simulator was used widely in Germany and was exported around the world.“ (Harry Owen. Simulation in healthcare educa-tion. 2016. pp. 143)

Hirsch/H. V, 164; Pagel 1551-1553; KVK: Bamberg, Mainz, (only text), Leipzig, Freiburg, OCLC: Har-vard Countway, NY Academy Med.; NLM Bethesda, Chicago, Univ. Michigan

Strümpell, Adolf; Christfried Jakob (ed.)Neurologische Wandtafeln zum Gebrauch beim klini-schen, anatomischen und physiologischen Unterricht.- München: Lehmann, 1897. Portfolio with 13 wall-charts with brain diagrams and neurological schemes. Plates 1-3,6-10 and 12-13 are 800 x 1100 mm large, the plates 4,5 and 11 are 1600 x 2200 mm double-size large. On each corner of each plate is a label with descriptive title. Publ. half-cloth portfolio rubbed and soiled, cover title label partly missing. Inside of the portfolio there is a waterstained, but the plates are not heavily effected.

EUR 5.000.-

Wall charts with Brain Diagrams utilized for teaching and instruction on the anatomy of the brain and its coordinating pieces. A collaborative work by the baltic german neurologist Ernst Adolf Gustav Gottfried von Strümpell (1853-1925) and the neuropathologist Christfried Jakob.

A revised second edition with XX plates was published in 1928.

This series of the neurologic charts or wall tables show mainly the represen-tation of the brain and its coordinating pieces: like a schematic represen-tation of the motor and sensory fibers; the segmental skin representation; the peripheral nerve representation; the arteries of the brain; the visual projection system in its entirety; the spinal segments in relation to the vertebrae, showing at the same time the muscles and reflex centers; the cell and myelin architecture of the cerebrum; the intra-uterine development of the brain; the myelin development of the brain and cord in a new-born infant, and the sympathetic innervation of the neck, chest and abdomen.

„It would be impossible to overestimate the value of these charts from a teaching standpoint. They make teaching easier. They are clearcut and large enough.“ (Review)

Adolf Strümpell received his medical doctorate from the University of Leipzig, where he had as instructors Carl Wunderlich (1815–1877), Karl Thiersch (1822–1895) and Carl Ludwig (1816–1895). In 1883 he was an associate professor at Leipzig, and from 1886 to 1903 was a full professor at the Erlangen University, succeeding Wilhelm O. Leube (1842–1922) as director of the medical clinic. Afterwards he was a professor at the Universities of Wroclaw (from 1903), Vienna (from 1909) and Leipzig (from 1910), where in 1915 he was appointed rector. Along with French neurologist Pierre Marie, he is credited with identifying and diagnosing an arthritic spinal deformity that was to become known as the Marie-Strümpell disease. Together with French physician Maurice Lorrain, the eponymous Strümpell- Lorrain disease is named for an hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Christfried (also Christian or Christofredo) Jakob (1866–1956), was a German-born neuropathologist who adopted Argentina as his country of vocation. He was a student of Strümpell. Rated by von Economo and Koskinas among the three most important pre-1925 cortical neuroanatomists, alongside Ramón y Cajal, Jakob is little known in the English literature. He has left an impressive record of publications, 30 richly illustrated monographs and 200 articles that span over a vast array of neurological themes, including cortical development and evolution, and the visceral brain.

Forensic Science

Kriminalistisches Institut der Polizeidirektion Wien.Lichtdrucktafeln als Übungsarbeiten der Teilnehmer an dem Kurse für moderne Reproduktionstechnik 1928/29. Wien, 1929. Folio (415 x 290 mm). 1 leaf (introduction, „Geleitwort“ sign. by Karl Albrecht), 13 plates. Loosely inserted in Original printed Wrappers (portfolio), rubbed and used, but fine.

EUR 1.400.-

Exceedingly rare portfolio of small wall-maps of crime scene photographs to be used for the higher education of police coroners in Vienna in 1928/29 in criminalistic forensics. The participants of the course, especially higher ranked police men, should get some knowledge in printed technology: how to use collotype and phototypie as photographical records or public an-nouncement and how it could be used by cri-minals for forgery and imitation. The single sheets show different crimes (murder, rape, theft) in Vienna from 1902 to 1918: such as Josefine Peer (1910), Trafikantin Juelich (1902), Leopoldine Reiter (1905), Johann Sikora 1904), Louise Weiss (1910), or Julie Earl (1918). The austrian criminal jurist Hans Groos had written in 1893 a „Handbook for Coroners, police officials and military police“ which is generally acknowledged as the birth of the field of criminalistics. The work combined in one system fields of knowledge that had not been previously integrated, such as psychology and physical science, and which could be successfully used against crime. Gross adapted some fields to the needs of criminal investigation, such as crime scene photography. He went on to found the Institute of Crimina-listics in 1912 at Graz. The criminalistic or forensic institute in Vienna was founded in 1924 and established itself an international high reputation under the directorship of S. Türkl. In the 1930’s the reputation faded due to the political developments in central Europe. Due to the text there might be plates (2 ?) missing, but we couldn’t trace a single copy for reference.

Color Theory

Hebing, Julius (ed.)50 Tafeln zu Goethes Farbenlehre. Herausgegeben und mit einem Vorwort versehen von Julius Hebing, Maler. Berlin W 35. „Manu-skript. Alle Rechte vorbehalten Exemplar Nr. 56“ (handwritten on in-ner cover). Mimeographed manuscript. 50 manuscript plates The all plates are hand-drawn with color and ink. (Berlin, 1934). 4° (210 x 160 mm) Title-leaf, 18 leaves, two fold. leaves (content) mimographed text, machine-written. Plain Green paper card folder with apparently 50 plates to Goethe’s color theory.

EUR 1.600.-

Exceedingly rare portfolio with 50 plates to illustrate all parts of Goethe’s Farbenlehre, edited and made by the Berlin painter Julius Hebing (1891–1973), who was an early fol-lower of anthroposophy by Rudolf Steiner. He lectured privately for members of the Berlin Anthroposophical Society from 1930 onwards on color theory. Walther Roggenkamp and Felix Goll were participants.

„1934 hat er erstmals Gelegenheit, die Essenz seiner ersten Farbenlehre-Studien mit 50 Farbtafeln am Goetheanum auszustellen

und stößt auf großes Interesse seitens der Künstler und Physiker. Albert Steffen spricht von einem „schöpferischen Sturm“, welchen diese Bilder in seiner Seele erregen.“ On November 1, 1935, the two anthroposophical societies in Germany were banned by the National Socialists.

He published later on the history of color theory (1941; also on stock) and from 1950-57: Welt, Farbe und Mensch, eine Studienreihe in 7 vols: A. Elemente der Farbenlehre. Mit 6 handkolorierten Tafeln und 21 farbigen Blättern; B. Verwand-lungen des Farbenkreises. Kreisel-Experimente. Neuer Aufbau des Farbenkreises. Mit 15 Tafeln, davon 8 [i.e. 6] handkoloriert; C. Physiologische Farben. Das Nachbild. Farbige Schatten. Pa-thologische Farben. Mit 4 Tafeln, 11 handgestrichenen Blättern und 8 farbigen Pliaphan-Folien; D. Physische Farben. 1. Abt. Das Urphänomen. Die subjektiven prismatischen Farben. Mit 43 Tafeln in achtfarbigem Offsetdruck; D. 2. Physische Farben. 2. Abt. Die objektiven prismatischen Farben. Ableitung und Zusammen-fassung. Mit einer Achtfarben-Tafel und 9 Schwarz-Weiss-Tafeln; E. Chemische Farben. Die Farben in den Naturreichen, in Tages- und Jahrelauf. Mit 2 Schwarz-Weiss-Tafeln und 2 Tabellen in Doppel-format; F. Entwicklung des Farbensinnes. Der Weg der Menschheit unter dem Signum des Farbenkrises. Mit 17 Tafeln, darunter 7 im Original-Vielfarbendruck; L. Praktische Anweisungen und Übun-gen zum Malen. Mit 9 handgemalten Tafeln (partly on stock).

— no copy in libraries found.

Scythian Art in St. Petersburg Hermitage

Stephani, Ludolf. Die Silbervase von Nikopol aus der Kaiserlichen Ere-mitage. Herausgegeben von C. Röttger. - St. Peters-burg, Kaiserl. Hofbuchhandlung H. Schmitzdorff (C. Röttger), 1873. Typographical title-leaf, 8 moun-ted original photographs various sizes, mainly around 450 x 370 mm in excellent rich and dark contrasting prints. All photographs captioned in Russian, German, French and English on mounts. (4), 16 pages (text in variant size: 405 x 300 mm). Publisher’s halfcloth- folder with printed covers. Imp.-folio. (800 x 580 mm). Covers slightly spotted and rubbed, flaps with tiny traces of worming.

EUR 6.000.-

Exceedingly rare publication on the Nikopol amphora now preserved in the Eremitage with six photographs of the amphora and two photographs of other archaeological artefacts in gold found with the silver vase. The photographs of the vases are large prints, in excellent dark and contrasting tonality.

Dedication copy to Otto von Bismarck: Zur Erinnerung an den Aufenthalt in St. Petersburg, April 1873.

The Editor was the curator of antiques at the Hermitage Ludolf Stephani (1816–1887). He had been a councillor of state and a full member of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg since 1850, where he represented classical studies, a position which brought with it to be the head of the

department of antiquities at the Hermitage Museum, where Stephani worked already as a conservator since the autumn of 1850. From 1859 the academy carried out excavations on the Black Sea coast to secure the ancient remains of the Greek colonies and the Bosporan empire. Stephani was concerned with the scientific description and interpretation of the finds until his death. The Scythian amphora was among the most important finds of this excavation campaign. The egg-shaped body of it found in the Dnieper Region near Nikopol consists of two parts. The surface is entirely covered with relief and flattened representations making up three friezes. The upper frieze depicts griffins tearing at stags. The middle one has the cast figures of Scythians and horses which join together to create different scenes, with the sacrifice of a horse in the centre. The lower frieze bears elements of floral ornamentation and is decorated by birds and rosettes. The lower part of the vessel has three pouring lips. The representations on the amphora are assumed to reflect Indo-Iranian cosmological belief. Taken as a whole, the vessel could have been perceived as a World Tree prototype. One of the key motifs of the whole set of representations is that of sacrifice, as is further evidenced by the scenes of beasts being torn apart, where death is perceived as a sacrifice for the sake of the continuation of life. Of particular significance is the protoma of a winged horse on the body of the amphora, which may personify the Scythian deity Thagimasad - Poseidon, the patron of horses.

KVK: Mainz, Berlin, Kiel, Marburg, Dresden; COPAC: National Art Library (Le vase d‘argent de Nicopol à l‘Ermitage imperial); OCLC: no copy (?).