july 23, 2009 server 101 - 123seminarsonly.com 23, 2009 server 101 2 objective ... 10k – 15k rpm...
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SERVER 101July 23, 2009 1
SERVER 101July 23, 2009 2
Objective
Server Definition
What makes up a Server
Server Types
High Availability Features
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A server can be defined as an individual computer on a LAN (Local Area Network), acting as a service or resource provider to client computers, by sharing the resources within the network infrastructure.
What is Server?What is Server?
provides ‘service’ shares resources shares devices opens gateway to other system provides processing power stores item
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DNSServers
Web Servers
ApplicationServers
Security &Directory Servers
File/PrintServers
DatabaseServers
manage a work group’s data files and print jobs
provides authentication and security services including logged information management
controls and manages assign names on the network and resolves host name to an IP Address
most typical use of technology in client-server. Accepts requests for data, retrieves the data from its database (or requests data from another node) and passes the results back
shares its resources but may also be used to run applications for users
A Web Server may host websites or provide access to content and it responds to requests received from Web
Server Types ExamplesServer Types Examples
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Types and Features of Computer
Notebook / Mobile Computer
Desktop Computer
Server
-- Ultraportable-- Full Function-- Desktop Alternative
- Non-Mobile- Full Function
-- High Security-- Process and File Data-- Tower-- Rack-- Blades
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Differentiating Computer Features
Notebook Desktop Server
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SystemChipset
PCI/MemoryController
I/O devices
CPU/Processor
MemoryFront Side Bus
PCI Bus
System Board
Data Storage
What makes up a Server?What makes up a Server?
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ProcessorProcessor
The part of the The part of the computer that computer that controls the controls the execution of execution of program program instructionsinstructions
SystemChipset
PCI/MemoryController
I/O devices
CPU
Memory
I/O Bus
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Manufacturers
Brands
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Processor TypesProcessor Types
Intel primary target for DesktopIntel primary target for Desktop For entry level single CPU serverFor entry level single CPU server 512K L2 cache with 533MHz 512K L2 cache with 533MHz
Front Side BusFront Side Bus Hyper-Threading TechnologyHyper-Threading Technology
Intel Pentium 4 ProcessorIntel Pentium 4 Processor
Intel XEON Processor DPIntel XEON Processor DP
Also called XEON Processor DP (Dual Also called XEON Processor DP (Dual Processor)Processor)
1MB L2 cache with 800MHz Front Side Bus1MB L2 cache with 800MHz Front Side Bus Hyper-Threading TechnologyHyper-Threading Technology Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T) Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T)
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Intel XEON Processor MPIntel XEON Processor MP
For demanding enterpriseFor demanding enterpriseworkload (4 or more CPU) workload (4 or more CPU)
Up to 512KB L2 cache and 2MB L3 Up to 512KB L2 cache and 2MB L3 cache with 800MHz Front Side Buscache with 800MHz Front Side Bus
Hyper-Threading TechnologyHyper-Threading Technology Intel Dual Core ProcessorIntel Dual Core Processor EM64TEM64T
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Intel Xeon Processors
400 MHz
’03 ’04 ’05 ’06
Gallatin2M/130nm
2.0GHz
Potomac8M/90nm3.6GHz
4 Way
8+ Way
DP Prestonia512K/130nm
2.8GHz
Nocona1M/90nm3.6GHz
533 MHz
Gallatin4M
4M/130nm3GHz
800 MHz
CSI based
16M/90nm
Common Platform
667 MHz
TulsaDual core8M/90nm3.4GHz
Prestonia2ML3130nm
3.2 GHz
Tcase 71 ºC
TDP 85W
Tcase 69 ºC
TDP 175W
Tcase 65 ºC
TDP 115W
Tcase 71 ºCTDP 94W
Tcase 71 ºC
TDP 103W
4.4GHz
Tcase 73 ºC
TDP 120W
1M/90nm
1067 MHz
Tcase 73 ºC
TDP 130W
Tcase ? ºC
TDP 150W
XXXX
65nm
TDP 70W
(mobile dual)
TDP 100-130W
XXXX
XXXX
XXXXXXXX
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MemoryMemory
Memory is the storage Memory is the storage area of the computer area of the computer
Physical memory refers Physical memory refers to the chips capable of to the chips capable of holding data holding data
Memory does not retain Memory does not retain data when the computer data when the computer is powered offis powered off
SystemChipset
PCI/MemoryController
I/O devices
CPU
Memory
PCI Bus
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DDR1 and DDR2 Comparison
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DDR3
Advantages compared to DDR2 •Higher bandwidth performance, effectively up to 1600 MHz •Improved latencies as measured in nanoseconds. •Higher performance at low power (longer battery life in laptops) •Enhanced low power features •Improved thermal design (cooler)
Disadvantages compared to DDR2 •Incompatible with DDR2 motherboards •As of November 2008, costs somewhat more than equivalent DDR2 memory
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DDR RAM Road MapDDR RAM Road Map
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StorageStorage
Unit that holds data Unit that holds data for storagefor storage
SystemChipset
PCI/MemoryController
I/O devices
CPU
Memory
PCI Bus
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Common types of Disk InterfaceCommon types of Disk Interface
PATA5.4K – 15K
RPM133mbps
transfer rate
SATA7.2K – 15K
RPM150mbps
transfer rate
SCSI10K – 15K
RPM320mbps
transfer rate
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History of Parallel ATAAdvanced Technology Attachment Intelligent Drive Electronics
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History of Serial ATA (SATA)
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Serial ATASerial ATA
Serial ATA (SATA) is the next evolution and replacement of the Parallel ATA Serial ATA (SATA) is the next evolution and replacement of the Parallel ATA interfaceinterface
SATA is a 1.5 Gb/s serial point to point architecture with a primary focus on SATA is a 1.5 Gb/s serial point to point architecture with a primary focus on low costlow cost
SATA is driven by cost and ideal for desktop, notebook, entry level servers, SATA is driven by cost and ideal for desktop, notebook, entry level servers, and new near-line bulk storage solutionsand new near-line bulk storage solutions
What is Serial ATA?
Lowest acquisition costLowest acquisition cost Ease of serviceability (hot plug)Ease of serviceability (hot plug) Higher bandwidth per port (~150MB/s)Higher bandwidth per port (~150MB/s) Capability for larger number of drivesCapability for larger number of drives Thinner cablesThinner cables Smaller connectors allow for small form factor hard disk drivesSmaller connectors allow for small form factor hard disk drives
Advantages
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SATA / SAS Controller
STORAGE CONTROLLERS
RAID Controller
SCSI ControllerSCSI Controller
Differences?
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SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)
Is an ultra-fast, high-power communications bus that connects up to 15 devices to your computer
“SCUZZY”
Commonly Used for:
Hard DisksTape StorageScannersOptical Drives
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SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)
There are several benefits of SCSI:
It's fast -- up to 320 megabytes per second (MBps) It's reliable It allows you to put multiple devices on one bus It works on most computer systemsEase of Serviceability
There are also some potential problems when using SCSI: It must be configured for a specific computer. It has limited system BIOS support. Its variations (speeds, connectors) can be bewildering. There is no common software interface.
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Types of SCSI
Parallel SCSI
Serial SCSI / Serial Attached SCSI
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SCSI Drive EvolutionSCSI Drive Evolution
5
10
20
40
80
160
320
640
SC
SI-
1
Fast
SC
SI-
2
Wid
e S
CS
I-2
Ult
ra F
ast
SC
SI-
3
Fast
Wid
e S
CS
I-2
Ult
ra2-
Fast
SC
SI-
3
Wid
e U
ltra
SC
SI-
3
Wid
e U
ltra
2 S
CS
I 3
Ult
ra 3
SC
SI
Ult
ra 3
20 Ult
ra 6
40
1984 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 01 03
TR
AN
SF
ER
RA
TE
(M
egab
ytes
/Sec
MB
ps)
Seri
al A
ttach
ed
SC
SI
(SA
S)
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Moving from Parallel SCSI to Serial SCSI (SAS)
A new generation serial communication protocol for direct attached devices designed to allow for much higher speed data transfers and is compatible with SATA.
SAS uses serial communication instead of the parallel method found in traditional SCSI devices but still uses SCSI commands for interacting with SAS devices.
SAS
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SAS and SATA Compatibility
Note: SATA backplane connectorsWill NOT accept SAS drives
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SAS ROADMAP
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FIBER CHANNEL HARD DISKS
Enterprise Class Hard drives
Storage Area Networks (SAN)
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Common SCSI Connector TypesCommon SCSI Connector Types
A - Industry Standard 68-Pin (HD68)
Internal HD 68 (female)
Internal HD 68 (male)
External HD 68 (male)
External HD 68 (male)
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B – VHDCI LVD/SE SCSI
External 0.8mm (female)
VDHDCI LVD/SE
External 0.8mm (male)
VDHDCI LVD/SE
SCSI Connector TypesSCSI Connector Types
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PCI BusPCI Bus
SystemChipset
PCI/MemoryController
I/O devices
CPU
Memory
PCI Bus
• Is a functional way to connect sound, video and network cards to a motherboard.
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I / O Bus
133mbps133mbps
33MHz and 33MHz and 66MHz66MHz
32 bits32 bits
1Gb/s1Gb/sTransfer rateTransfer rate
133MHz133MHzClock speedClock speed
64 bits64 bits
No of bitsNo of bits
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PCI Cards
PCI DevicesGraphics Card
Sound CardLAN Card
Example of a PCI Card
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Common Server PCI-X Devices
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CompatibilityCompatibility
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Evolution of Bus Technologies
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• An I/O Interconnect bus standard that expands on and doubles the data transfer rates of the original PCI
PCI Express?Also known as 3GIO (for third-generation Input/Output)
• Initial bit rates for PCI Express reach 2.5Gb/s per lane direction, which equate to data transfer rates of approximately 200Mb/s
• PCI Express was developed so that high-speed interconnects such as Firewire, USB 2.0, InfiniBand, and Gigabit Ethernet would have an I/O architecture suitable for their transfer high speeds.
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PCIe Connector Types
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Terms to Ponder
Front Side Bus (FSB)
BUS
This bus carries all information that passes from the CPU to other devices within the system such as RAM, PCI expansion cards, hard disks, etc.
A communication highway between various components of the Computer
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HIGH AVAILABILITY / FAULT-TOLERANT FEATURES
Redundant Features
Hot Swap / Hot-Pluggable
Hot-Spare / On-Line Spare
RAID
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The RAID Technology The RAID Technology
Redundant Array of Inexpensive DisksRedundant Array of Inexpensive Disks
• Provides real-time data recovery when a hard drive fails, increasing system uptime and network availability, while protecting against loss of data.
RAID Controller
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RAID Levels RAID Levels (RAID 0 and RAID 1)(RAID 0 and RAID 1)
RAID-0Stripping
Advantage : 100% Disk Space Available FastestDisadvantage : No protection
1 2 3 45 6 7
RAID-1Mirroring
Advantage : Fault ToleranceDisadvantage : 50% Disk Space Available
1 12 23 3
Mirror
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RAID LevelsRAID LevelsRAID 0+1 (or RAID 10)RAID 0+1 (or RAID 10)
Advantages: Fastest Tolerance multiple disks failure
Disadvantage: 50% Disk Available
1 2 3 45 6 7
1 2 3 45 6 7
RAID-0Stripping
Mirrored(RAID 1)
RAID-0Stripping
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RAID LevelsRAID Levels(RAID 5)(RAID 5)
RAID-5Stripping w/ Parity
Advantage : Only 1 Disk Space Used for Parity
Protect 1 Disk failure Good Performance
1 2 3 Parity
4 5Parity 67 8 Parity 9
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On Line Spare DisksOn Line Spare Disks
On Line Spare Disks
RAID-51 2 3 Parity
4 5Parity 67 8 Parity 9
35
Parity
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Memory Protection
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ECC Memory ProtectionECC Memory Protection
ECCECC
1 DRAM Chip4-bit Length
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
CORRECTED
ECCECC
1 DRAM Chip4-bit Length
0 0 0 1
CRASHED
BLUESCREEN
1
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Advanced ECC MemoryAdvanced ECC Memory
1 DRAM Chip1 0 1 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 1 0 1
Reconstruct
CRASHED
BLUESCREEN
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Main Memory4x1GB RAM
Spare Memory2x1GB RAM
Transfer data to spare memory
Operational
Online Spare MemoryOnline Spare Memory
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hot replace
• replace a failed DIMM while the server is running
• OS / application transparent
hot add - upgrade• add a new bank of
DIMMs while the server is running
• OS / application enabled
Hot Plug MemoryHot Plug Memory
Hot Plug Mirrored MemoryHot Plug Mirrored Memory
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QUESTIONS ?
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THANK YOU!