jumping in the deep end: me as a young scientist martyn poliakoff (& jon mcmaster)...
TRANSCRIPT
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Aim of my talk
How good is my idea
for a sixth form project?
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About me!
•Research Professor in Chemistry, working in Green Chemistry
•Born London (UK) 1947 (Russian father)
•My father and Russian grandfather were both physicists
•But what about me?
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My father always
intended me to be a
scientist
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One of my earliest
memories
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Starting in Science
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My first Scientific Observation
Cold
Hot
My top ear was cold and the bottom one was hot
Lying in bed
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My “explanation”
Cold
Hot
There was a metal wire inside my head that took heat from the top ear to the bottom
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What was wrong with my “explanation”
• Contradicts the Second Law of Thermodynamics“Heat cannot flow from Cold to Hot”
• Nothing metallic inside one’s body• Could not be verified experimentally
(at least by the young me)
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My “explanation”
BUT
It did suggest the correct solution to making the top ear warmer
Turn over in bed!
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Aged 8, I went to boarding school
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I wasn’t happy!
I hated the food and wasn’t good at
sport
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The Problem
How could I learn to swim quickly (and stop people making fun of me)?
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The Hypothesis
If I jumped into the deep end of the swimming pool,
I would have to swim!
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The Experiment
• I jumped into the deep end (with the whole school watching)
• I sank to the bottom and had to be rescued with a long pole
• BUT I became the Hero of the School!
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How to become a hero in your school
By Martyn Poliakoff
Marlborough House School
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What Referees might have said
• The experiment was only performed once
• Cannot be used by swimmers• The method is unreliable
Verdict – Reject!
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There were NO books about science in the school
library!
So I had to find my own
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My Mother’s Science
Bookpublished
1902
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Take home lesson
If you really want to make science exciting at school,
Tell the pupils that they are forbidden from doing it!
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Cathedral in Pisa
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Aged nearly 14, I start Science at School
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My First Inorganic Chemistry textbook
1961
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I set up a lab in my parents’ basement in London
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I made lots of mistakes
• I tried to distil formic acid out of oven cleaner (HCOOH + H2O) without knowing that the difference in boiling points was less than 2oC
• Result: I superheated the flask and the whole basement was filled with fumes and had to be evacuated!
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By summer 1964, when I was 16, I had taken all possible
Chemistry exams (A levels, etc)
So I was free to do what I liked in the
School labs!
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My “Research” topic 1964/5
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What was I trying to find out?
[Cu]2+ + xNH3 + [CrO4]2-
[Cu(NH3)x]2+ [CrO4]2-
What was the value of x ?
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Precipitating and Weighing
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Titrations:plotting pH
until I broke the pH meter!
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Paper Chromatography
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Measuring Conductivity of the paper
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Conductivity Results
Start
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Electrophoresis
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Colour of the Reaction Product
Copper Chromate + Ammonia is GREEN
Copper Sulphate + Ammonia is BLUE
Chromate is YELLOW
Spectroscopy??
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Spectroscope
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Spectrum of Sodium Lamp
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Spectroscope Results
Reaction was more complicated than I thought
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Rapid Scan Spectrometer that I built with my friend John (1964/5)
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Lamp
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What was wrong with my project?
[Cu]2+ + xNH3 + [CrO4]2-
[Cu(NH3)x]2+ [CrO4]2-
No one told me that the value of x changes as the conditions are
varied!
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I went to University
• I studied Chemistry (nearly failing my final exams!)
• I studied for a doctorate• I became a spectroscopist and did
photochemistry!
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My PhD Thesis
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Moved to Newcastle upon Tyne
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I designed and built apparatus for spectroscopy & photochemistry
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I moved to Nottingham in 1979
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I became fascinated by Supercritical Fluids
• Gases e.g. CO2, H2O compressed until they are nearly as dense as liquids
• SCFs can dissolve solids and can be used as solvents for chemical reactions
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Green Chemistry (early 1990s) Cleaner approaches to
making chemicals & materials
Highlighted the need for “greener” solvents
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Reactor
Lab Reactor
Pete Licence
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• continuous• multipurpose• 1000 ton p.a.
scCO2
ChemicalPlant
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We still measure IR spectra
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
Ab
sorb
ance
1800 2000 Wavenumbers (cm-1)
RCH=CH2RCH2CH2CHO
RC(O)Rh(CO)3P
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We still do photo-
chemistry
Cleaner ways for making antimalarial
drugs
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Why have I been successful?
I have had outstanding people to advise me
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My PhD supervisor Jim Turner FRS
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5 generations of PhDs
12
3 4 5
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My “research family” tree
me
Jim Turner
Norman Sheppard
me
Norman Sheppard
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JJ TurnerN Sheppard me
TM LowryGBBM Sutherland
HE ArmstrongH KolbeF Wöhler
L Gmelin1788-1853
JJ Berzelius1779-1848
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Enormous thanks to my Co-workers, Colleagues, Collaborators, Technicians
and Funders past and present
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Aim of my talk
How good is my idea
for a sixth form project?
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Yes, it's interestingOriginal, not done before?Understandable to everyoneNot too complicatedGood advice available
Scientifically soundClear question to answerIndividual AND Group workExisting theoretical backgroundNot too expensiveCould be funExcellent chance of success
YOUNG
SCIENCE
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Yes, it's interestingOriginal, not done before?Understandable to everyoneNot too complicatedGood advice available
Scientifically soundClear question to answerIndividual AND Group workExisting theoretical backgroundNot too expensiveCould be funExcellent chance of success
????NN
NN
YNY
Y butYYN
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https://youtu.be/pp2WrHc4rmI
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Yes, it's interestingOriginal, not done before?Understandable to everyoneNot too complicatedGood advice available
Scientifically soundClear question to answerIndividual AND Group workExisting theoretical backgroundNot too expensiveCould be funExcellent chance of success
YOUNG
SCIENCE