JUNBA2009

Integrated ManagementTechnologies for Environment

in River-Lake Basin13 January 2009

Marriott San Francisco AirportSan Francisco-USA

Kiyoshi YAMADAChair Professor

Department of Environmental Systems EngineeringFaculty of Science and Engineering

Ritsumeikan University

(E-mail: yamada-k@se.ritsumei.ac.jp)

KiyoshiKiyoshi YamadaYamadaDirector, Research Center for Lake Biwa Director, Research Center for Lake Biwa Environment, Environment, RitsumeikanRitsumeikan UniversityUniversity

DirectorDirector, Science Museum for Water , Science Museum for Water Environment in ShigaEnvironment in Shiga

Chairman, JSWE Research Committee on Chairman, JSWE Research Committee on Nonpoint Pollutant Nonpoint Pollutant

ViceVice ChairmanChairman, , ＩＷＡＩＷＡ SpecialistSpecialist group on group on Diffuse PollutionDiffuse Pollution

Lake Biwa

Lake Biwa – Yodo River Basin

3.5 m 3.5 m 44 m 44 m Average Average Depth Depth

0.04 yr 0.04 yr 5.5 yr 5.5 yr Residence Residence Time Time

1.3 million 1.3 million Population Population (Shiga) (Shiga)

378 persons/km378 persons/km22Population Population Density Density

8 m 8 m 103.6 m 103.6 m Maximum Maximum Depth Depth

0.2 km0.2 km3327.3 km27.3 km33Volume Volume

3,174 km3,174 km22Drainage Drainage Basin Area Basin Area

58 km58 km22616 km616 km22Surface Surface Area Area

South South LakeLake

NorthNorth

Lake Lake

Lake Lake

SubSub--basin basin

T-COD

T-C

OD

(mg/

L)

T-N

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Environmental standard

T-P

T-P

(mg/

L)

Water quality (North Lake)Water quality (South Lake)

Target (North Lake)Target (South Lake)

Trends of Water Quality in Lake Biwa

0

1

2

3

4

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Environmental standard

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Environmental standardT-N

(mg/

L)

Pollutant Load to Lake Biwa

COD T-PT-N

29%

20%

28%

10%

13%

56.1(t/day)

'95(Estimated)

13%

27%

39%

5%

16%

'95(Estimated)

1.35(t/day)

16%

6%

26%

16%36%

'95(Estimated)

21.6(t/day)

16%

14%

34%

21%

15%44.7

(t/day)

'05(Forecast)

15%22%

19%

8%

36%

'05(Forecast)

1.08(t/day)

15%

39%

8%

11%

27%

'05(Forecast)

20.1(t/day)

Agricultual

Natural

Land

Industrial

Urban

Total amountof Loads

(t/day)

Agricultural

Mechanism of Diffuse Pollution

EvaporationRainfall Rainfall

Runoff Water qualityin Lake Biwa

Lake Biwa

Infiltration

Mass circulation

Sedimentation Deposition

Internal production Decomposition

Dissolution

Inflow

Inflow

Fall out

Agricultural field Urban area

Forest

Waterway River Sewer

Ground water

Target substancesOrigin of pollutant

Agricultural area Urban area and road surface

River and in-lake Forest

Atmosphere

Mechanism of runoff and circulation

Mechanism of water quality in the lake

Organic matter (COD) Eutrophication (N,P)

Conductivity (SS) Chemical substances

(Pesticides, Heavy metals, PAHs)

立命館大学理工学部環境システム工学科環境工学グループ

Research Group onResearch Group onEnvironmental EngineeringEnvironmental EngineeringDepartment of Department of Environmental Systems EngineeringEnvironmental Systems EngineeringFaculty of Science and EngineeringFaculty of Science and EngineeringRitsumeikan UniversityRitsumeikan University

Department staffs in are collaborating in teaching and studying activities on environmental engineering subjects.

Research Group on Environmental Engineering

・Chair Prof. Kiyoshi Yamada Environmental Planning・Prof. Jun Nakajima Water Environmental Engineering・Prof. Koji Amano Environmental Systems・Prof. Naoyuki Kamiko Hygiene Engineering ・Prof. Atsushi Ichiki Environmental Policy・Assoc. Prof. Takashi Higuchi

Atmosphere Environmental Engineering・Lecturer Victor Muhandiki Environmental International

Cooperation

River and Lake Basin ManagementWastewater TreatmentAir Pollution ControlPollutant Runoff ControlSolid Waste ManagementLife Cycle AssessmentEvaluation of International CooperationUrban and Regional Planning ･････････

Activities in Environmental Engineering

Examples of the study themes (Prof. Yamada)

・Urban diffuse pollution analysis・Urban BMPs

(Diffuse pollution and its control)・Water demand prediction for water supply

(Urbanized/urbanizing areas)・Evaluation of international cooperation projects

(Developed/developing countries)

Example-1: Pilot Study on Soil Purification Facility for Runoff from Road Surface

Example-1: Outline of Facility

3.5m

3.5m

Drained water

7m

Road Surface 750m2

Inflow water

Overflow water

Tank A

Tank B5c

m0.

45m

Overflow water

Drained water

Water flow

Akadama soil

Pit sand

Points ofFlow measurement and Water sampling

Soil

Weir

Bottom drainage pipe

Example-2: Evaluation of Treatment Facility for Stormwater from an Urban Area

Example-2:Outline of Facility

Trunk Sewer Line

Soil Penetration Tank (SP)

Vegetation Bed Contact Aeration

Tank (CA) -Hydroponics Type (VB-H)-

-Filter Media Type (VB-F)-

Storage and Sedimentation

Tank (ST)

Water Flow (Summer Term)

Water Flow (Winter Term)

Sludge Flow

Oba River

Example-3: Study on Restoration Technique for Reed Communities on Lake Biwa Shore

・ Advanced wastewater treatment

・ Small-scale on-site treatment of domestic wastewater (Johkasou system)

・ Disinfection method applicable to small-scale on-site type watertreatment facilities

・ New methodology for estimationof wastewater treatment performances

・ Arsenic removal from ground water

Examples of the study themes (Prof. Nakajima)

Individual house type Johkasou(anaerobic filter-contact aeration process)

Inflow pipe

Filter media

Anaerobic filter tank (1st)

Anaerobic filter tank (2nd)

Diffusing pipeContact aeration tank

Contact media

Sedimentation

tank

Disinfection tank

Outflow pipe

・Environmental load analysis through material life cycle(estimation of CO2 production and energy consumption)(electrical products, housings, wood and lumber, food, etc.)

・Reduce of amount of domestic solid wastes(effect of introducing measures in local governments)

・Estimation of environmental activities by LCA(biomass energy, sewage treatment, etc.)

・Analysis for scattered waste on road(methodology for measurement and behavior)

・Analysis of water quality monitoring data in Lake Biwa(application to data from the automatic measuring system)

Examples of the study themes (Prof. Amano)

Range of treatability in WTP;

○○Alternative disinfection

○○○Membrane filtration

○Chlorination

○Rapid filtration

CryptopathogensSS

Examples of the study themes (Prof. Kamiko)

Examples ofUV disinfection reactors:

Examples of the study themes (Prof. Ichiki)

・Diffuse pollution analysis in lake basin(from urban area and rural paddy field)

・Behavior of micro pollutants in urban areas(PAHs from city road and highway)

・Characteristics of pollutants falling from atmosphere(behavior through source – gas – water)

・Pollutant runoff in urban drainage(evaluation using bioassay)

・Agricultural pollutant runoff from paddy field area(nitrogen and phosphorus behavior)

・Development of support system for management of pollutant runoff

(application of GIS)

Examples of the study themes (Prof. Higuchi)

・Biofiltration of Gaseous PollutantsBiofiltration is…

Method or equipment which treat airpollutants or gaseous odorants by passingthrough microbe-adhering filters

・ Development of a Biological Treatment Systemfor Gaseous VOCs

バイオフィルトレーション装置（生物脱臭装置）の典型的構造Typical Structure of Biofiltration Equipment (Biological Deodorizer)

・Evaluation of international cooperation projects(Developed/developing countries)- In cooperation with Prof. Yamada

・Integrated Lake Basin Management (ILBM)(where we are and where we are going)

Examples of the study themes (Dr. Muhandiki)

Thank you very much.