JUNE, 1913.

Soutb Plac~ €tbical Soci~tPt South Place, Finsbury, E.C.

t')biect of the Society. "The Object of the Society is the cultivation of a rational religious sentiment, the study of ethical principles, and the promotion of human welfare, in harmony witl). advancing knowledge." -

MEMBERSHIP. 3.lIY perlon in "!mpathy with th. Object of this Society, lublcribing the Al'p',jC&lioll

Form for MembershIp, and paying for .. sitti!lg, is thereby constituted .. Member of the Society. Thos e Members or:.ly who are twenty-one yenrs of age and upwards, whose names have been twelve months upon the register, and whose le at rents for the prel'iouI qua.rter have been paid, shall be qunlified to vote and to hold offioe.-Eztract from tll. Rule •.

Sittings may be obtained upon application in the Library, or to Mr •• H. M. FAIRHALL, South Plnc. Ohapel , R an . Registrar of Members and As.ooiates, prioe. nrying from 2 •. 6d . to 10 •. per quarter. Persons under twenty-one are ch .. rged half the nlnal ratel.

1\SSt')C':H 1\ T 5S. Any peTlon in Iympathy with the Object 01 the Sooiety, but nnable to .. ttend th.

aervioea regularly, may become an Associate, with the privileg-e of reoeiTmg the Monthly List and .uch other publications as the Oommittee may from tune to time determine, U)lOD pnyment of an annual 8ubscription the amount of which is optional, the minimum bfllDg five shillings . Subscriptions may be paid in th. Library or .ent to the Hon. Regi.tr .. r or Members and Assooi .. t es at above addre •• .

SUNDAY MORNING SERVICES. The following DISCOURSES will be delivered on Sunday morningll.

Service beginning at ELEVEN O'CLOCK.

May 25.-JOHN A. HOBSON, M.A. - The Revolt against the Expert. Ant hems {I. Quls est hom o ...

2. Lo, t he win ter i s passed

H ymn s {No. 61. Say not the Btruggle nougbt Ilv .. ilcLh. No. 66. All common things, eacb day 's evc uts.

June 1. - Mrs. CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN.-The Need for Beauty.

{ 1. RaBt thou wand eroo in th,e for est?

.. \nth cms 2. Lovely a ppear over th monnt ain s

{No. 104. Th e r OBe i s fol' a du) .

H y mn.a No . l Oi Tb e man wh o ev' ry s in fon~ake8.

.. . D uomk ... Sma,·t

(JOW l' l! Coullocl

June 8 -HERBERT BURROWS.- The World Soul: An Interpretation of Christ.

{t.O t hou soul wbich art at reBt .. . AH

Anthem s 2. If I wcr e It voice (:-10. 127) ... Trou88ello

H y mns r Nu. 16. 0 help t he p rophet t o be holU. 1 N o. 7J. 0 gold en yenr!:!, udvan ct.', advan ce I

June lo. - JOHN A. HOBSON, M A. - "Development and Purpose."

{ 1. We live in deOOs, not yea.rs

Anth ems 2. H ow nll things in H. wh ole

{No . 134. Who so oan rul e h iB BOul.

H y mns No. 213. Live fo r something , be not id le .

June 22.-WILLIAM ARCHER, M.A. - Peace with Reason.

Shed/Dc/; iIlozart

Anth ems {1. H ow lovely are t~e messenger s iIlundcl88uh" 2. 0 lovely pelloCe ... ..- Handul

{No. 113. 1 s in g tl, e h y lllll of t he cOllquer ed.

Hymu~ No. 209. Hush th e l oud ra nn on 's ,-onr.

June 29.-S. K. RATCLIFFE.-The Coming Moral Anarchy.

{LOne by one t he Bands (No. 102) Sill/ .

Anth emB 2. WJla t of th e nig ht, watchman ? Troll88el/e

{No. 26_ ·' "UI g .-o\\'s," snys Doubt, .. nll falls, declLYs, nnd die . ...

Hymns No. 108. Hn)' n ot they d ,e, t hose mur ty .. BOuls.

Visitors are illvited to ootaill information regarding the Society in the Library on Sunday mornings.

A Colleclion is made at each Service (in the seats on the first Sunday in the month) to enable those present to contribute to the expenses of the Societ'Y.

Sunday School. Tbe Obildren meet at Armfield's Hotel, o{,posite tbe CHAPEL, eve'}' Sunday Morninl;

at 11, and tbeir lesson is given du r ing the dIScourse . Members and fr Iends wisbing tbelr ohildren to a ttend sohool are requested to communicate with the Secretary.

Tbe Ohildren'. Library, in the elass·room over tbe Vestry, is open every Sunday Morn. ing before And nfter the 8crvico.

June I. - Mr. F . J. Goul d . Hon. Librarian, MISS GnAe>: GOWINO.

Jux: e S. - Mr. W. Varlan. (Lesson Stamford Hill.)

June 15.-Mr. Ohas. B. Bonner. June 2~.-Mlss F. A. Law.

will b e given a t 171, Kyverdale Road,

June 29. - Mr. A. Relss. Visitors bring ing children to the unday Morning services are cordially invited to all ow

them to attend the Children's lesson.

Cyclist. desir;nfl to attend the Sertices are in/ormcll thal the Committee ha,', mad. arranucmcnts 'or housiny thcir machines in the basement.

The BuUding is to be let for Meetings, etc. Forms of Application m ay be had of the Oaretaker, 11. South Place, E,C'!n' a n d when filled up s hould be sent to Mr. N. Lidstone, 96, Blackstock Road, F sbury Park, N.

The Cha pel is licensed for Marriages. Arrangements can be m ade for the con duct of Funeral Services on a pplica tion

to the secret a ry. Lend i ng L ibrary.

Tho Lending Library is open free to Members of the Socicty nnd Season Ticket Holder . cn Sund"y mornings before and after the Services. Associates and Non·Mcmbers of the Sooiety may under certain oonditions bc granted the use of the Library upon payment or " subscription of 2s. 6d. per nnDum. The Catalogue, including a supplement fo r 1905.7, i. on solo, price 6<1. Subscr iptions towards the purchase and repair of books are invited.

. . { Miss MAnr nAWLINOS, 406, Mare Street, Hackney N .E. HOIl. LIbrarians WALLIS MANSionD, Cherry Tree Court, 53, Aldersgate Street, E.O.

Rambles, June 7. - Kenton.-O ndudod by Mr. "'. T. "·,xo:r. ~Ieot ut Bakol' Rtl'!'et 2.45.

Toko single ti"kets to '('"sden (Metropol itlln Huilwny) , J<1 . '

June 14. - Rounders Match a t Parliament Hill Fie lds. - Conducted by Mr . Cr.F..,ENTs. Meet outside Gospel Oak. tation lit 2.45. Expro", from Broa,l Street 2.25.

June 21 - F ederation Joint Ramble t o Ch igwell. -Train IOllv s Liverpool Street (Platform 5) fit 2Al. lloturn ticket. to Loug-hton (ls.) should he obtained from the Secretary.

June 28. -Wimb~edon CommoD .-Oonductcd by Ur. .\R1'um, E. Ft:NToN. Meet outside Putney Bridge ~tntion at 2.11; (ahout llnlf·hour fr0111 Mansion Housc 01' Moorgate street) .

OonrS(' TiekC'ta for the Twrnty.scvcnth ~cn8on. 2s. Gel. ench, rAn be hnd of the HOIl. SI'crelory (f".. Ihe SIIlIImer Rami""" J. ,,'. T. ,,"lXClOY . 6:3. Grovelnnds Road.

Pl11mt'rlS (:rl'('n . N

Ramblers' Soiree. It has been decid,·tl to hold th~' usual Ramblers' Soiree on Monday, Juue 2, at 7.30.

'fhe South l:)lncc Orchestrn hl\ve kinoly C'clllst,\ntcd to perform during the (wening. and it is hopl'<l that Miss F. n"pham lInd MI·. ~. 1I "·oolhous. \\ill also assiH! in lhe enter. tninmf'nt .. \ 11 Rll.mbll'I'S find frit'nds 111"1' C'orcli:dly invited.

Notice to Secreta ries or Sub. eommittees . 8eerl'tl1ri('s of sub·('om1llitt('cs wishing to ('o-opt thl'ir own llH'mbrrs nrc r(lC]T1C'st.ecl

to 8('n<1 natiN' to th(' ...... ·cfctnry in time fOf tIll' COl111l1itt 'e 1Ill'£'ting on )Iny 29.

Sunday li'opular eoncerts (eha mber MUS ic), THE TWENTY-EIGHTH flEA ON will begin on Sund/l)-, October 5, when the 635th

Concert will tnke place. Further porticulars will be issurd in Rrpt.·l1lber, with report ot the Twenty.Seventh

enSOD.

Mr RIcllAnD H . W ... TIIEW'S Three I.ectures on "The Development of Ohomber Music" mny be hnd ot the price of sixpence net, complete .

Ho/l. Treas.-FnANK A. HAWKINS. 13, Thurlow Park Road, Dulwio!., S.E. Hon. Sec.-ALFnED J. CU"":NTS. 25, Cnlllden Rond, N.W. I1R~t. lIoll. Sec.-VI~OENT Sm:oWRtNO. 25, Woodbrrry Grove, Fiusbury rOl'k. N.

ehildren's 1tnnual euting. The undllY School will visit the Zoolo§ical Gordens on Raturda.l', June 21. Meet ot

Ohapel, 1.30; or at entrance. to Gardens, •. 30 Members wishing to bring children ore rcqucstoo to ('Ommll'lICatc With the

Ron Serrl'lflrh's { Ml"3S r: . .:\. !..\w. 5!J. lIontJ)('liC'r Rond, Pt1ckhnlll. R.E. . Mns. ST •• \.CIlYN , ]8, Emperor's ante, ~."r.

The G.~NERAL COMMITTEE will mert on Thursday, .Tum.> 6. Correspondence dealing with matters for consideration should be forwarded to F. IV. Rend at the earliest possible moment. All motters relating to finance should be addregsed to the Treasurer.

Secretaries of sub·committees arc notified that hnndbills intended to be cIrculated with the Monthly List should be delivered to The UtopiL\ Press, 44. Worshi{> Street, E.O. It is hoped that thoso sccretaries who bave .ddrcsses of persons interestud ill their work (other tb.a.n Members, Associa.tes, or Season 'l'icket Holders) will communicate them, with a view to such persons receiving tbe Monthly List regularly.

Vu blicatioDs. Th. following, o.monlr other publioations, are on sal. in the Ohapel:­

HYMNil OF MODERN THOUGHT. Words and Music, Demy 8vo, 284 pp., bound in P!t;viusin hoards, lettered in gold Words only, Imp!. 32mo, 180 pp., bound in cloth boards ...

2/6 net. 1/. net.

MONCURE D. CONWAY, ADDRESSES AND REPRINTS, pnblished nt 12s. 6d., is now offered nt ifs. f.<l. net. B." post, 4<1. extra.

Lessons for tbe Day: A Selection, by The Children's Book of Moral Le,· Dr. Con way. Revised, cloth ... 2 sons, by F. J. Gould. 1st Series,

LeIBons for the Day: 47 Disoourse. 6d. (paper covers); 2nd, 3rd, and (unboundl, by Ur. Conway ... 4th Series (oloth) '"

Farewell Discourses, by Dr. Oonway The Ohurche. and Modern Thought, Centenary History of South Place, by by Pllilip Vivian. Paper, 6d., cloth

Dr. Con way ... ., . A utobiograpby of John Stuart Mill ... Life of Thomas Paine, by Dr. COll· Socialism and Marriag" by Dr. Stan·

way. O1ot.. ... ... < 6 ton Coit ... Ohorles Bradlaugh: A Record ot hio The 'l'ruth About Secul ... r Educ ... tion,

Life and Work, by Hypntin Brad· bv Jos'ph McCobe ...

o 1 6 o 6

laugh Bonner... ... ... ...:l The Evolution of Man, by Prot.ssor New Truths for Old, by Robb Lawson 2 Ernst Haeoke!... ... . .. 2 The Religion ot Woman, by Joseph From Rome to Rationalism, by Joseph

MoOabe... ... 2 McCnbe ... ... .. . ... ... 0 3 Modern Humanists, by J. M. Robertsoa. Wbat to Read, by J. M. Roberhon... 0 2 Oonway Memorial Lectures: The 'l'ask 'Religions Ancient and Moderu ... J 0

of Rationalism, by John Russell. 'Philosophies Anoient and Modern ... 1 0 M.A., Peace and War in tbe The Literary Guide (monthly) ... ... 0 2 Bnlnnce, by Henry Nevinson, and The Ethical World (monthly) ... ... 0 Art ond the Oommonweal, by 'rhe De"elopme.t of Cha.mber Musio, Willinm Archer. Paper covers, by. Riohard H. Walthe", ... . .. each 6d., cloth .. 0 9 First Prinoiples, by Herbert Spencer.

Faith in Man, by Gustav Spill er 1 i 2 vols. ... ... ... ... ... ~

'List of tbeoe series can be had on application. Th. Reprint., etc., of the Rationalist Press Association are also on 8ale, prioe 4id.

NOTES AND COMMENTS.

1~r\.MBLERS' 5011mE.

We desire to call the atlention of all Members and Friends interested in this annual gathering to the announcement, on Page 2, of the Ramblers' Soiree on June 2. 'oming so early in the month it may escape notice, as the time is very hort between the issue of the List and the event. This Soiree has usually been a happy and enjoyable reunion of South Place Ramblers and their friends.

THE PROBLEM OF NATIONAL CHARACTER (conc'uded).

A DISCOURSE DELIVERED BY DR. JOHN OAKEsmTH, AT SOUTH PLACE CHAPEL.

MARCH 30, 1913.

(The first part appeared in the May Monthly l.ist.)

It will, of course, be expected that I should illustrate this view by examples: by 0ne typical example, at any rale. You remember the account left by the Roman historian, Tacitus, of the tribes inhabiting the Germany of his days. This was written in the second century A.D. Some three or four centuries later some of the e tribes settled in Britain. We have little account of what they had been doing in the meantime, probably

4

fighting and undergoing all sorts of tribal interminglings. With them they brought some of the ancient sagas, of which 1'acitus tells us they were very fOlld. One of the.e sagas was put into literary form, so late as the ninth century, in one of the Teutonic dialects they ala' brought with them. This i', of course, the Saga of .< Beowulf," admitted by all the critics to furnish a substantially accurate description of the character and mode of life of the tribes who shared in the invasion. IOW, it is extremely interesting and suggestive to find that both authors alike-the detached Roman critic and the patriotic English poet-are in fundamental agreement as to the characteristics of the people whom they describe at such a considerable interval of years . Both describe the passion for warlike adventure: the hate of and disgust at cowardice: the whole·hearted disposi. tion for ha. pitality: the pleasure taken in gifts, both for their material value and their social significance: the high respect for woman: the disgrace­fulness of adultery: the pride in their own achievements: the love of personal independence: the respect for law, and the regard for religion: the dislike of hard work: the love of strong drink: and the passion for gambling. These form a common basis for the two accounts. But with these identities there' are differences. During the three or four centuries of inter·tribal movement there had been an approach to a firmer and more elaborate civilisation. The whole entourage of the" Beowulf" people is more dignified in it.s external aspects: there is richer adornment in the warriors: more elaboration in the dress: more pomp and complexity in the armour. And the folk of " Reowulf " have the sea: the sea, for which they have a hundred ynonyms: they have ships, and tender phrases for them. What the sea means as a moulder of character few know better than the Engli h : the courage that faces its dangers, that dares its storms and does not fear its deeps, is a totally different virtue from any courage shown by the inland dweller. This courage the folk of "Beowulf" possess: it blows through the atmosphere of the poem like an east wind: it is courage without the thirst for. blood that marks the courage of the peoples of Tacitu~

Now, I would submit that in the sameness and the differences marking these peoples at an interval of several centuries we have the meaning of the expression, "national character." The samenesses are not due to the transmission of the qualities by heredity, but to their transmission by tradition and training. Each new generation of the group, together with any strangers who have settled in their midst, is educated in the qualities of its predecessor, and quite naturally and inevitably hands them down to its younger succes ors. Chastity, fidelity, rever~nce for law and religion, inebriety, gambling-these are in the traditional atmosphere, and are handed down from generation to generation by the force of juvenile imitation aided by conscious training on the part of the elder generation.

But to what are the differences due: the modification or even disappear­ance of old habits, the introduction of new one? Simply to the new factors operating upon the peopJe under their new environment, an environment which has been effected by change of geographical position, with all which that means in the way of treams of influence not only physical, but also social and political, owi ng to contact with new social and political groups. These in turn become part of the character of the people, are imbibed in early youth, and are then handed down from generation to generation, not by heredity, but by tradition, education, training.

You will remember, of course, that environment is not simply the forces operating directly upon a people in its habitat. It is the whole of the influences operating upon it, from whatever ource. Every foreign

invasion of England, whether military, commer.cial, literary, or artistic: every enlargement of its horizon by increased facilities of international co=unication, has to tbat extent cbanged its environment, and has thus added to the forces operating to produce cbaracter. These forces, being in the aggregate different from those which have operated upon the Tacitean tribes who continued living in Germany, have naturally and inevitably produced a different result, so that not only are the Englishman and the German different from the Frisian or Cbattian (i.e., Hessian) of Tacitus, but they are different from each other. Indeed, from this point of view the thing requiring explanation would be to find them the same. Indeed, if I may say so, I do not think'the main dHliculty of thinking people is in recognising the differences in communal character between groups agitated by different interest;;, but in finding a reasonable explanation for their existence, and a legitilnate ground for maintaining them. 1 venture to believe that the principle of organic community of interest handed down, expanded, and modified by progressive cbanges of environment furnishes both a reasonable explanation of their existence and a legitimate ground for maintaining them.

Admitting as it seems clear we must admit with Ratzel, Weismann, and Burt alike, that tbe various races of bistorical Europe are not widely separated in respect of their original intellectual and moral equipment, (and even if tbey were we must still admit that no nation of Europe can claim pure descent from anyone of them); admitting this, we can only explain the gaps that separate tbem to-day by tbe difference of the environ­mental material upon which the original equipment has had to operate. If we explain, as it geems clear we must explain, the differences between tbe Hottentot and the Frenchman as differences due to environment, then also must we explain the differences between Frenchman and German, between Germans and English, by the same argument. So far as tbe environment of European peoples has been different, it follows that to that extent their character as a people must be diff~Tent, and the mystery would be to find them the same. Do not imagine for one moment that there is any question of heredity in this position. No historical European community has had a long enough record to develop any fundamental physical variation, let alone any mental variation, which could become part of the hereditary stock of the people. Historical times, at any rate, have witnessed no alteration in the intellectual or moral character of a people as handed down by heredity. It is quite possibl~ to admit that the cerebral convolutions of a modern professor of sociology are more complicated and delicate than those of a scholastic divine of the twelfth century: although I am driven to admit a family resemblance between them when I recall the exquisite piece of casuistry by which Mr. Norman Angell, standing here the other evening, proved that physical force is not physical force when it is only used to repel physical force . It is even '!asy to admit that the whole of the present generation of educated Europeans possess brains of superior physical structure and intellectual power as compared with their predecessors of a thousand years ago. But to admit this is not to imply that the modern superiority is the result of a gradually accumulating series of improvements which have been impressed upon the brains of one generation after another until they were finally handed down by heredity. No, the hereditary anatomy has remained the same: the natural intellectual capacity has not been racially modified: but we have from our birth upwards to exercise our wits upon so much more complicated a world of material that superiority of intellectual power is acquired from more active and subtle cerebral exercise. Each succeeding

6

generation does not hand down to its successors a superior brain: but it hands down the acquisitio11S and ac1zievelllents of its own brain, the result of its co-operation with the environment, hands them down not by hereditary descent, but by tradition, literary and other- And it also hands down the acquisitions and achievements of the generations that preceded it: each succeeding generation having thus a larger, richer, broader, deeper envirollment than its predecessors. And with this progressive change of intellectual and moral development our character, as a generation, exhibits aspects and qualities which differentiate it from previous generations, although it is an inevitable result of the process of tradition that there is sameness and continuity, as well as diversity and development. We use the same tools, but we polish them by use to a greater perfection, and we work on a more various and comphcated material. And we produce different results, learning ever more expert and delicate ways of using our material. The skill which built barrows is educated by the environment into the &kill which builds cathedral : and the power to cratch the figures of living animals upon the bones of dead ones becomes the power to paint Madonnas or post-impressionist pictures.

These considerations, I think, serve to explain the similarity of character that marks the growth of an historic nation: and they also explain the differences which develop from generation to generation. So that while we recognise the differen es between Shakespeare's England, and Milton's England, and Shelley's England, it is' llakespeare's and Milton's and helley's England all the time, and it is our own England as well.

And, finally, these considerations furnish a reasonable explanation for the exi tence of the phenomenon of nationality. A nation arises when for a conSiderable time, allied by kin or not, people have been SUbjected to the same general environment. Thi identity of environment operates upon the natural capacity of the people to produce results in which they have a common interest. "A fellow feeling makes us wondrous kind." A general tradition is formed, and gathers strength: other groups, from various causes, may be brought within the same sphere of interest: the nation grows and btrengthens, and the process of traditionary consolidation begins and continues in the manner I have described. The common environme-nt, in co-operation with the common intellectual and moral capacity, createb a community of interest, and in proportion to the strength of this common interest in the common tradition, and the common achieve­ment, the national life is vividly felt and strongly expressed. It follows from this that nations may exist within nations: that Wales, and Scotland, and Ireland may be legitimately conscious of their nationality: because within the sphere of the wider British interest they nourish their Own special national tradition. Hence the wisdom of the Liberal recognition of \Velsh nationality, and the doubt which one feels as to the wisdom of compelling X .E. Ulster to share in the national tradition of Ireland, in preference to the national tradition of England, which its people are the more keenly conscious of.

It follows, therefore, that nationality is not an hallUCination, not a metaphysical conception, but a conception based upon practical realities, upon the facts of historical development, and upon the demands of human experience. The principle of nationality stands no longer for an irrational instinct: the feeling of national SOlidarity is a reasonable sentiment-nay, an argued conviction-as sound and forcible as any other relationship based upon organic community and continuity of interest.

There are many implication~ contained in this position: this is neither the time nor the place to develop them. But perhaps I may, in

7

conclusion, suggest one caution, and indicale one consequence. The caution is that no one sbould argue tbat if this principle is sound It means tbat tbe individual members of a national group ougbt to be more like one another tban we actually find them, and tbat the crushing out of individual character would naturally follow from it. Such an argument will not suffer a moment's examination. Take, for example, the few prominent qualities displayed by the Germans of Tacitus: and then reflect that, as Plato tells us, no two men are alike in their courage, so there is no physical, mental, or moral quality in which t\!'o individual members of tbe same species are exactly alike. We generalise for convenience of memory and argument: but Nature, as Lamarck and Spencer have told us, does not classify, she only makes the individual: whether it be the individual face, the individual leaf of a tree, the,individual mollusc, or the individual pity or courage. Then go lo the mathematicians, and let them tell you tbat 12 persons can be i'rranged round a table in 479 million different ways, 13 persons In 6,500 millions, and 15 persons in 1,350,000 million different ways. Imagine wl1at pOSSIbilities there are of individual differences when the persons round the table are human qualities, not only distributable in varying numbers, but, what is more, in varying shades among different persons!

Allhougb, therefore, a common environment necessarily stamps upon a people, to a certain extent, a common way of thinking and acting, it is inconceivable that any environment should have th_e effect of entirely crushing out those individual differences of which Nature is so prolific. There are, of course, environments and environments, and ome present greater opportunities than others for turning possibilities into activities.

That is the caution: and this is the consequence. ¥.Then once the peoples of Europe-to start with them-are educated into the knowledge that there is no such thing as racial superiority: that superiority of national character can only be attained by superiority of national achievement, they will, instead of falling back upon the notion that the national soul is unalter­able, and therefore unimprovable-they will recognise that every­thing which deepens, widens, and enriches their environment will tend to exalt alld perfect them, and everything that narrows, restricts and secludes their environment will only tend to im­poverish their physical, intellectual, and moral achievements. The intelligence will operate to widen the sphere of national interest, and with wider interests will come wider sympathies, until ever-broadening interests and ever-widening sympathies will necessarily remove from between the nations those hatreds and hostilities which have, by the same process, been removed from between the various peoples, who in many cases now live at peace, side by side, under the same national institutions as their once" hereditary" enemies. Thus recognising nationality as an historical fact, we remove it from the sphere of fate, we perceive that it is due to the operation of rational and intelligible human processes: we understand that, as it is a feeling based upon community of interest, so it must inevitably become less and less selfish and exclusive, as the nations constantly pouring into each other broader and richer streams of influence, ever mutually widening their environments, find the sphere of their common interests increase, and the sphere of tbeir antagonistic interests diminish. If this view be right, we have every reason to hope that although the principle of nationality will never perish-and who expects or even wishes that ?-It will find a natural, beneficial, and harmonious sphere of operation tn .1}le larger grouping of civilised humanity, in that federation of the world of which the poets dream.

Hf>NeRRRY f>PFleBRS.

T • .,.,urer W. RAWLlNGB, 406, Mare Street, Hackney, N.E.

Secreta,,", { Mr • . O. FLITOR!R SllITR, 17, Sydenham Park, S.E. ... F. W. READ, 65, Hnrley Road, Harlesden, N.W.

Regi,trar 0' M.mbers and} . AlSo.iat.. ... ... .. . MlIs H. M. FAIRRALL, 8, Soarborough Road, Stroud Green, N.

Editor 0' Monthly Li.t... W. L. MARTIN, 10, Lincoln Road, Ea.t Finchley, N.

Librarian, {Mi.s MARr RAwr.INGS, 406 , ]'£are Street, Haokney, N.E. ". ". ... ." W ALLlB MANsroRD, CherI')' Tree Court, 53, Aldersgate Street, B.O

Rebuilding Fund Tru.tee. {J. R. CAnn;n, Old Hall, Wallingtoll, Surrey. E. OCNNIl<GnAM, 61, Oheap.ide, E.O.

"G. OATHERALr.. -E. F. ERRINGTON.

-E. J. FURJlALL.

H. B. GOWING. J. HALL'M.

Building Concert Discussion Finance

Members

Music Publications Rambles ", Season Ticket

Soiree

Members of General eommittee. E. S. KIl<G.

"Mies F. A. 1.Aw. "Mr •. E. G. OVERY. E. POLLARD.

JCLlAN RONE<. Mrs. SCUDAMOn!.

-N. LtDsTOl\'""E. Miss MART RAWLINOS. Mrs. FLETCBElt SMITD.

Mns.HoLYOAXEMARsn. F. W. READ. W. O. WADE. .'Y. T .. 'MAllTlN. MI's. lb:tCJIEU'J'. -E. WIU,IAM .

'WiII retire at the .Innll al Mrrting in Mny.

Secretaries of Sub·eommittees.

F. HEllBERT MANBFORD, Wo.lden, Kingsend, Ruillip.

Ar.FRED J. ClEMEms, 25, Cam den Road, N.W. JULIAN RONEY, 62, Christchurch Road, Streatham Hill, S.W.

E. J. FAlnuALL, 11, Bishop's Avenue. Upton Manor, E.

{Mr •. C. FLETCnp.R SMITn, 17, Sydenhnm Pa.rk. S.E. F. M. OVERT, 20, Boyne Road, !.ewisham, a.E. FRANK A. H"""INS, IS , Thurlow Park Rond, Dulwicb, S.E.

E. WILU.\,,", 33, J\.shtelld Road, Upper Olupton, N.E.

,V. r!,. WrXCEY, 63, Gl'ovclonds Hood, Palmers Green, N.

W. T. WrxCEI, 63, Grovelnnd. Road, Palmer. Green, N.

{ Mi •• BERTDA BAltRALET, Dunkerry, Sydney Road, MU8well Hill. N Miss ~1AUD BARRALET, " .. "

Sunday School ". {Mi •• F. A. LAW, 59, Montpelier Rond, Peckh>.m, S.E. Mrs. ST. AUBIN, 18, Emperor'. Gnte, S.W.

Organist H. SmTD WEBsTEn, SS, Loraine Roa.d, Holloway, N.

New A< sociate: HENRY '1'. Hl:TINB, 107, \Vnrwick street, H. W.

Changes of Ad1res3: Mns. LAURA BrxN. to The El",., 48, Hindc·. HOtlll, Hnt·l·ow. EUSTACE CONWIY , to GG. BroadWAY, New lork.

Death: _Ipl'il 4, ~lIss ~rAltIANNE SIIAW. of 90, Lcadcnl,nU Street, E.C.

DI7\RY F~R JUNE.

JUNE Service & Sunday School 11.0 a.m.

2 Ramblers' Soiree 7.30 p.m. 7 Ramble; Kenton-

Baker Street... 2..1-5 p.m. 8 Service & Sunday School 11.0 a.m.

14 Rounders Match, Pat-lia-ment Hill Fields-Broad Street 2.25 p.m.

IS Service & Sunday School I I.O a.l11.

JUN E 21 Sunday School Visit (0

Zoological Gardens ... 1.30 r.m. 21 Hamble: Chigwell-

Liverpool Street 2.-1-1 p.m. 22 Service & Sunday School I L'J a.m. 28 Ramble; Wimbledon

Common. Meet Put-ney Bridge Station ... 245 p.m.

29 Service & Sunday School 11.0 a.m.

N.B.-AIl commllnicatiom lor tlte MontMy Li,t ,hould be 'orwarded NOT LATIB than th_ 16tlt 01 the previou. month to W. L. MARTIN, 10, Lincoln Road, Ea.t Finchley, N.