june 2004 - paper model answers

8/9/2019 June 2004 - Paper Model Answers

1/21

June 2004 - Paper 1

International Relations andGermany Depth Study


2/21

Section A

A British cartoonpublished inOctober 1938. Itscaption readsEurope can lookforward to aChristmas of peace, says Hitler.The words on thesack meanGermany aboveall others.

Study Source A

What is the message of this cartoon? Use details of thecartoon and your knowledge to explain your answer.

(6)


3/21

Austria andCzechoslovakia

already in the sackreferring to Anschluss

and Sudetenland

Cartoon published in October 1938 This is when Munich Agreement wassigned, so this tells you along withthe content of the cartoon that themessage of the cartoon was about

Britains policy of appeasement

Hitler dressed

as Santa,

trying todisguisehis actions

and foolthe

children

Children represent thecountries of EasternEurope who Hitler is

trying to invade to gainmore Lebensraum

Countries have beenrepresented as children to

show they are weak anddefenceless and they arepart of the Ex British and

French family, the cartoonsuggests Britains policy of

appeasement hasabandoned them

Title of the sackshows Hitler is notto be trusted, thus

showing thecartoonist does not

supportappeasement


4/21

M odel Answer Study Source AWhat is the message of this cartoon? Use details of the cartoon and

your knowledge to explain your answer.This cartoon was published in October 1938 and is referring to Britainspolicy of appeasement which was formalised in the M unich Agreement.Hitler is dressed as Santa trying to disguise his territorial ambitions(Lebensraum) and fool the children who represent Eastern Europeancountries. The cartoonist has drawn these countries as children to showtheir vulnerability and helplessness. Austria and Czechoslovakia arealready in his sack referring to the Anschluss ( M arch 1938) and theannexation of the Sudetenland, legal under the terms of the M unich

Agreement. This cartoon also suggests that Hitler will not stop atCzechoslovakia and that Poland is next. These Eastern European

countries were supposedly part of the French-British Family butseemingly Britain and France have abandoned these countries, due tothem adopting the policy of appeasement. The cartoonist feels that Hitler is not to be trusted as his sack is labelled Germany above all othersdemonstrating Hitlers selfishness. This shows the cartoonist did notsupport appeasement and felt the policy was giving in to Hitlers

demands.


5/21

Section A

b) Explain why Britain followed a policy of appeasementtowards Hitlers Germany (9)

Hitler was a useful buffer against communism

Britain was not ready for another war Britain and other European countries were stillrecovering from the horrors of the First World War anddidnt want to repeat thisThe effects of the depression were having an impact onthe British economyThe Treaty of Versailles was viewed as unfair Britain did not have the support of her commonwealth if she entered a war against Germany

America was following a policy of isolationism


6/21

Section B

3a) In what ways did the Treaty of Versailles weaken Germanys armed

forces? (4)Army limited to 100,000No armoured vehicles, submarines or aircraft6 battleshipsConscription bannedRhineland demilitarised


7/21

Section B3b) Explain why the terms of the Treaty of Versaillescaused so much bitterness in Germany (6)War guilt had a psychological effect on the Germanpeople

German people were expecting something more like the14 pointsGerman people felt betrayed by their politicians and feltthe treaty was diktat

The reparations harmed the German people as theywere financially harmed by the effects of itGermany had been a proud nation and taking away her armed forces and colonies hurt their prideGermany felt vulnerable having her armed forcesreduced so dramaticall


8/21

Section B

3c) How far did Clemenceau, Lloyd George and Wilsonshare the same aims in the peace negotiations of 1919?Explain your answer. (10)

Give a balanced argument. Explain ways in which theyshared the same views and areas they disagreedExplain areas they agreed upon (they all felt Germany

should be punished)Explain and give examples about areas they disagreedThis will involve you explaining and giving examples of specific points that the Big Three wanted


9/21

Section B4a) What were the main aims of theLeague of Nations when it was set up in1920? (4)

Discourage aggressionEncourage disarmament

Improve living and working conditions of people in all parts of the worldEncourage cooperation in trade and

business


10/21

Section B

4b) Explain why the League of Nations failed to dealsuccessfully with the Japanese invasion of M anchuria in1931? (6)

They were slow to act (took 1 year to produce LyttonReport)They refused to stand up to more powerful countries likeJapan

Self interest of leading members (Britain was moreinterested in keeping good relations with Japan)Didnt come to a quick agreement about arms salesDidnt have an army of their own and without USAs helpcouldnt remove Japan by force


11/21

Section B4C) How far was the League of Nations a completefailure? Explain your answer (10)Give a balanced argument. You must explain bothstrengths and weaknesses of the League

You must give examples from both the 1920s and1930sConsider how far they achieved their 4 aims1920s successes: Work of commissions, financial help

to Austria and Hungary, Upper Silesia, Aaland Islands1920s failures: Corfu, M emel, Vilna, Geneva Protocol1930s: No successes! Failure to deal with disarmament,

M anchuria and AbyssiniaConclusion


12/21

Section C: Germany Depth Study

A Photographfrom 1924 of Hitler and his

fellow Nazis inPrison after theM unich Putsch

Study this source

Does this source prove that the M unich Putsch was adisaster for the Nazi Party? Use the source and your own

knowledge to explain your answer (7)


13/21

It shows Hitler was put into

Prison after theM unich Putsch.

Conditions in theprison dont look

harsh. No security

or monitoring,mixing with other

Nazis

Hitler got off

lightly from theM unich Putsch

friends in highplaces. Only

served 9 monthsof 5 year sentence

This picture doesnt prove that the MunichPutsch was a disaster. It shows Hitlers attemptedrevolt failed as he was in Prison, but it doesntshow the decisions Hitler took in prison or whathe was allowed to do (Mein Kampf). It alsodoesnt reveal Hitlers plans to take power legally

Because itshows Hitler inPrison, it does

show the MunichPutsch was afailure

Hitler is

beingallowed to

communicate with other

Nazis


14/21

M odel Answer Study this sourceDoes this source prove that the M unich Putsch was a disaster for the NaziParty? Use the source and your own knowledge to explain your answer

The source shows Hitler imprisoned after the M unich Putsch in 1923. Thesource reveals that Hitler was allowed to communicate and meet with other Nazis in prison and that the conditions were not typical of a prison. The source

does show that theM

unich Putsch failed, as Hitler is in prison, however, itcertainly does not prove that the M unich Putsch was a failure. The fact thatsecurity isnt tight and the Nazis are together shows that Hitlers time in prisonwas not controlled. The M unich Putsch was a failure in the sense that Hitler hadmisjudged the mood of the people and leading Nazis were killed. It was on theother hand a propaganda victory as it gave the Nazis a lot of publicity. The trial

also demonstrated that Hitler had friends in high places, as he was sentencedto 5 years, yet only served 9 months. The source doesnt reveal any informationabout Hitlers time in prison, even though it implies Hitler was allowed to workwith other Nazis, it doesnt inform us about Hitler writing M ein Kampf which hedid in prison, nor anything about his decision to take power legally. Thereforethis source does show that the M unich Putsch failed but it does not prove that itwas a disaster.


15/21

Section C

A poster published in 1932.It says, Our last hope:Hitler.

7b) Study this sourceExplain why this poster waspublished in 1932. Use the

source and your ownknowledge to explain your answer (6)


16/21

Published in 1932as election

propaganda

It was produced in1932 after the

depression. The

people in it aresuffering from the

effects of thedepression

It was publishedto attract people

to Hitler Our last Hope.

There are manydifferent types of

people in it,demonstratingnational and

sectoral appeal aslaid out in the 25point programme


17/21

7c) Study the Source

In what ways is this source useful to an historian studyingHitlers rise to power? Use the source and your knowledgeto explain your answer. (7)

I showed my report to Goering. Thats sheer rubbish, he said. Onesack of fire lighting material! No, we must say one hundred sacks. Butthat is impossible, M inister. No one can believe that a single man can

have carried all that. Nothing is impossible. We must say there were tenor twenty men. The whole thing was a signal for a Communist uprising.

They must have come through the tunnel.

Goerings press officer describing his conversation with Goering shortly

after the Reichstag Fire on 27 February 1933


18/21

Section CWhat does this source tell us about Hitlers rise to power?It tells us Hitler played on peoples fears of communism, The wholething was a signal for a Communist uprising.It tells us the Nazis manipulated the pressIt shows Hitlers rise to power was also due to effective propagandaGoering was in control of the police force at this stageHitler didnt consolidate his power until the Night of the Long Knivesso the Reichstag fire was crucial in his rise to power Produced by a Nazi sympathiser (Goerings press officer) so wouldhave good understanding of Nazis BUT..

Limitations of source, produced by a Nazi and showing manipulationof media, exaggeratedIt doesnt show a variety of factors for Hitlers rise to power. Itdoesnt show how Hitler got into position of Chancellor, but it doesshow how he may have used his power when he became

Chancellor


19/21

Section C

8a) Describe the political problems in Germany in 1918-1920 (4)

Revolution in October-November 1918Kaiser abdicated and Germany changed from adictatorship to a democracyEbert the new leader had to sign the Treaty of Versailles

and people felt he had stabbed Germany in the backCoalition government caused suspicionThreat from the right (Kapp Putsch) and threat from theleft (Spartacist Uprising)


20/21

Section C8b) Explain why Germany suffered from hyper-inflation in1923 (6)

Reparations imposed on Germany of 6600 million

Economy was already weak due to low industrial outputand poorly managed war economyIn 1923 Germany didnt make payment so Frenchinvaded the Ruhr

Germany called on a policy of passive resistanceThis harmed industrial output

M ore money was printed by the governmentDue to increased circulation of money it became

worthless


21/21

Section C8c) How far had the Weimar Republic recovered from itsproblems by 1928? Explain your answer. (10)Give a balanced argumentExplain both strengths and weaknesses of Weimar by1928

Strengths: Economic recovery under Dawes Plan, better international relations (Locarno Treaty and joining theLeague), relative political stability (more partiessupporting Weimar), flourishing culture, Britain andFrance more sympatheticWeaknesses: Reliant on USA for loans, threat from theright worrying (Hitler received a light punishment after M unich Putsch), Election of Hindenburg in 1926, somefelt cultural revival was against traditional values

Conclude: Germany in a stronger or weaker position?

june 2004 - paper model answers

Documents