june issue final
DESCRIPTION
BENISON Media is the publisher of Think Grain Think Feed – the magazine for feed technology. It covers the complete value chain of feed industry, starting from feed crop production to feed additives and premixes, till processing and storage technology for poultry, dairy and aqua sector. May 2016 - Think Grain Think FeedTRANSCRIPT
Volume 2 | Issue 8
June-2016
Price: 75/-
for more information, please contact
Mobile: +91 86074 63377 / +91 86074 63355 e: [email protected], [email protected]
Feed Tech Expo 2017Animal Feed Technology
23-24-25 Feb 2017 New Grain Market, Karnal, Haryana
www.feedtechexpo.com
2nd
Edition
India’s only feed exposition
Business Platform for Feed Industry
Organizer Knowledge Partners
20
16
Glimpses of FTE 2016
Published by
BENISON Media
SCO 27, 2nd Floor, Mugal Canal Market
Karnal - 132001 (Haryana)
Tel: +91 184 4036770
Publisher & EditorPrachi Arora
Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
Designing & MarketingAshwani Verma
Circulation & Subscription HeadPawan Kumar
Business HeadVinod Kumar Saini
Dr. Dinesh T. BhosaleFormer Chairman, CLFMA of India
Mr. Amit SachdevIndian Representative, US Grain Council
Dr. P.E. Vijay AnandUS Soybean Export Council
Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani
Dr. SN MohantyFormer Principal Scientist, CIFA
Dr. Meeta Punjabi MehtaAgricultural Economist
Dr. Swamy HaladiFeed Additive Expert
Dr. R Gnana SekarLead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting
Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
www.benisonmedia.com
Managing Editor
Dr. T.K. Walli
Former Head,
Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
EDITORIAL
ebu (desi) cattle are known to have a
better ability to withstand Zenvironmental heat stress and
possess better disease resistance, compared
to foreign breeds. Lately, it has been
demonstrated that their milk also contains A2
protein, which is beneficial from human
health point of view. Now, the Central Govt. has come out with a
proposal to set up exclusive dairy plants to process the milk from
“Desi“cows in Odisha, Karnataka and then to be followed in
Haryana. This was announced by Union Agriculture Minister, Sh.
Radha Mohan Singh, while addressing a National Seminar, held at
New Delhi recently. It was further revealed that under MGNREGA,
ministry is working on a plan to ensure that the grazing lands for
cows are protected and better utilized for fodder production under
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. During the last two
years govt., has allocated a sum of Rs. 582 crores for the National
Gokul Mission for cow wealth conservation, breed improvement,
increased productivity in terms of milk yield and better health care
of desi cows. If Brazil and Australia could improve the zebu cattle
(Brahmin breed) which they imported from India long back, to such
a high level so as to compete with recognized western breeds, then
India too can do it.
The present status of Dairy Industry in India and the various
approaches we need to follow to meet the future challenges,
whether in increasing milk production (especially from desi cows),
producing quality milk and in the area of milk processing, have
been very neatly and brilliantly brought out by Dr. A.K. Srivastava,
Director, NDRI Karnal (also V.C. of the NDRI Deemed University) in
this very issue. Being one of the monoliths and the foremost dairy
experts in the country, he has very thoughtfully delineated the
steps to be taken to achieve our target of producing 210 MT by
2020-21. Dr. Srivastava is absolutely right in saying that we have
both, the technologies as well as the trained man power to do that.
All we need is to make sincere efforts to achieve our goal.
This issue also includes a useful write up on the use of SMS by
landless livestock farmers in the semi arid regions of Kenya, for the
faster delivery of green fodder produced by large farmers. These
large farmers have adopted the newer technology of Hydroponics
for the indoor fodder production under controlled conditions,
which is a useful technology in water scarcity areas. It is time that
the agencies involved in fodder production in India popularize the
technology of Hydroponics and take queue from Kenyan
experience of providing green fodder at the doorstep of the poor
landless livestock farmers through mobile phone service.
T.K. Walli
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Pl. contact our local Representative / Dealer OR write us at
ENGINEERING PROGRESSIVE
SOLUTIONS SINCE 1918
[email protected] or [email protected]
A+RATING
+91-124-4385840SIOUX STEEL COMPANY WWW.SIOUXSTEEL.COM
FlexStor Grain Storage Bags
COMMERCIAL GRAIN SYSTEMS
Published by
BENISON Media
SCO 27, 2nd Floor, Mugal Canal Market
Karnal - 132001 (Haryana)
Tel: +91 184 4036770
Publisher & EditorPrachi Arora
Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
Designing & MarketingAshwani Verma
Circulation & Subscription HeadPawan Kumar
Business HeadVinod Kumar Saini
Dr. Dinesh T. BhosaleFormer Chairman, CLFMA of India
Mr. Amit SachdevIndian Representative, US Grain Council
Dr. P.E. Vijay AnandUS Soybean Export Council
Dr. Suhas Amrutkar Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition, MAFSU, Parbhani
Dr. SN MohantyFormer Principal Scientist, CIFA
Dr. Meeta Punjabi MehtaAgricultural Economist
Dr. Swamy HaladiFeed Additive Expert
Dr. R Gnana SekarLead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting
Dr. Suraj Amrutkar Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC, SKUAST-J, Jammu
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
www.benisonmedia.com
Managing Editor
Dr. T.K. Walli
Former Head,
Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
EDITORIAL
ebu (desi) cattle are known to have a
better ability to withstand Zenvironmental heat stress and
possess better disease resistance, compared
to foreign breeds. Lately, it has been
demonstrated that their milk also contains A2
protein, which is beneficial from human
health point of view. Now, the Central Govt. has come out with a
proposal to set up exclusive dairy plants to process the milk from
“Desi“cows in Odisha, Karnataka and then to be followed in
Haryana. This was announced by Union Agriculture Minister, Sh.
Radha Mohan Singh, while addressing a National Seminar, held at
New Delhi recently. It was further revealed that under MGNREGA,
ministry is working on a plan to ensure that the grazing lands for
cows are protected and better utilized for fodder production under
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. During the last two
years govt., has allocated a sum of Rs. 582 crores for the National
Gokul Mission for cow wealth conservation, breed improvement,
increased productivity in terms of milk yield and better health care
of desi cows. If Brazil and Australia could improve the zebu cattle
(Brahmin breed) which they imported from India long back, to such
a high level so as to compete with recognized western breeds, then
India too can do it.
The present status of Dairy Industry in India and the various
approaches we need to follow to meet the future challenges,
whether in increasing milk production (especially from desi cows),
producing quality milk and in the area of milk processing, have
been very neatly and brilliantly brought out by Dr. A.K. Srivastava,
Director, NDRI Karnal (also V.C. of the NDRI Deemed University) in
this very issue. Being one of the monoliths and the foremost dairy
experts in the country, he has very thoughtfully delineated the
steps to be taken to achieve our target of producing 210 MT by
2020-21. Dr. Srivastava is absolutely right in saying that we have
both, the technologies as well as the trained man power to do that.
All we need is to make sincere efforts to achieve our goal.
This issue also includes a useful write up on the use of SMS by
landless livestock farmers in the semi arid regions of Kenya, for the
faster delivery of green fodder produced by large farmers. These
large farmers have adopted the newer technology of Hydroponics
for the indoor fodder production under controlled conditions,
which is a useful technology in water scarcity areas. It is time that
the agencies involved in fodder production in India popularize the
technology of Hydroponics and take queue from Kenyan
experience of providing green fodder at the doorstep of the poor
landless livestock farmers through mobile phone service.
T.K. Walli
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Pl. contact our local Representative / Dealer OR write us at
ENGINEERING PROGRESSIVE
SOLUTIONS SINCE 1918
[email protected] or [email protected]
A+RATING
+91-124-4385840SIOUX STEEL COMPANY WWW.SIOUXSTEEL.COM
FlexStor Grain Storage Bags
COMMERCIAL GRAIN SYSTEMS
Printed by: Jaiswal Printing Press | Published by: On behalf of: BENISON Media | Printed at: Chaura Bazar, Karnal-132001,
Haryana | Published at: SCO-27, IInd Floor, Mugal Canal Market, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Editor: Prachi Arora
Prachi Arora |
Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology
Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015
Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON Media at its office in Karnal. Editorial
policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors. The
data/information provided in the magazine is sourced through various sources and the publisher considers its
sources reliable and verifies as much data as possible. However, the publisher accepts no liability for the
material herein and consequently readers using this information do so at their own risk.
Although persons and companies mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither BENISON Media, nor
any of its employees or contributors accept any responsibility whatsoever for such persons’ and companies’
activities. All legal matters are subjected to Karnal Jurisdiction.
C o n t e n t s Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Front Cover: digitalistmag
SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION:
Simple Post Courier Overseas
One Year : INR 1200 INR 1800 USD 300
Three Year : INR 3300 INR 4800 USD 900
Five Year : INR 5200 INR 6500 USD 1500
R&D
ww
w.b
enis
onm
ed
ia.c
om
05
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Animal feed from Cassava peelWith 60% of the world's arable land,
Africa has the potential to not only feed
itself, but also to become a major food
exporter. This enormous potential was
demonstrated in an innovation by
CGIAR scientists during Global Forum
for Innovations in Agriculture
(GFIA)—processing cassava peels into
animal feed.
Processing high quality cassava peels
into animal feed could reduce human-
livestock competition for food-feed
grains and help develop alternative and
sustainable feed sources to boost
livestock production in Africa.
Innovative agricultural solution aimed
to create agribusinesses and contribute
to wider economic prosperity.
Unlocking this potential will require
that Africa's agriculture leapfrog
traditional development challenges and
leverage sustainable and inclusive
agriculture as a driver for economic
prosperity and global trade.
CGIAR scientists developed a low-tech
way of transforming wet cassava peels
into high quality, safe and hygienic feed
ingredients within eight hours,
producing one tonne of high quality
With the right investment in scaling up,
Africa's estimated 50 million tonnes of
cassava peel waste per year could
generate at least 15 million tonnes of
cassava mash.
cassava peel (HQCP) mash from three tonnes of wet
peels.
Animal scientist at the International Livestock Research
Institute (ILRI), Anandan Samireddypalle—based in
Ibadan, Nigeria—explained the simple process. He
explained how 98% of Nigeria's cassava peels annually
are wasted due to constraints associated with drying
and concerns about safety of use, particularly
hydrocyanide- and mycotoxins-related food poisoning.
Drying peels outside, practically impossible during the
rainy season, takes two-three days otherwise.
Consequently, peels are left to rot in heaps or set on
fire—both polluting the nearby air, soil and
groundwater and wasting a potential feed resource.
With the right investment in scaling up, Africa's
estimated 50 million tonnes of cassava peel waste per
year could generate at least 15 million tonnes of HQCP,
substantially addressing shortfalls in the supply of
animal feed and eventually creating a USD2 billion a
year industry on the continent. Of course, safe and
hygienic processing standards will need to be promoted
among processors and users to allay safety, storability
and other concerns. CGIAR scientists believe related
research and development activities could facilitate
about 20% of the sector's potential transformation, so
that further scaling could rely on private, and not donor,
funding. The innovation was developed by the
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI),
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and
International Potato Center (CIP), with the support of
CGIAR Research Programs on Root Tubers and Bananas
(RTB), Integrated Systems for the Humid Tropics and
Livestock and Fish, as well as the Global Cassava
Partnership for the 21st Century (GCP21).
Source: ILRIDisclaimer :
[email protected]. BENISON Media or Think Grain Think Feed is not liable for any claim prior to written information.
The published material and images are sourced from various websites and newspapers, and used for information purpose only, if you have any issue, please inform us at
INDUSTRY EVENTS
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
INDUSTRY THOUGHTS
INNOVATIONS
05
MARKET PROJECTIONS
INTERVIEW
ARTICLE
Imag
e s
ou
rce: i
lri
Animal feed from Cassava peel
08
06 Maize Prices in India crossed industry expectations
Feeding aspects and other challenges faced by the Indian Dairy Industry
12
14
18
M-fodder–ICT based fodder innovation in Kenya
Growing importance of Canola meal for Indian Industry
Spine Less Cactus as Fodder for Livestock
20
24
28 2016 World Mycotoxin Forum focused on impacts of Climate change on mycotoxin contamination
Upcoming Events
26-28 August
2016
27-29 July
2016
Reducing reliance on traditional ingredients
Influence of feed and nutrients on Coccidiosis infection
Printed by: Jaiswal Printing Press | Published by: On behalf of: BENISON Media | Printed at: Chaura Bazar, Karnal-132001,
Haryana | Published at: SCO-27, IInd Floor, Mugal Canal Market, Karnal-132001, Haryana | Editor: Prachi Arora
Prachi Arora |
Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology
Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015
Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON Media at its office in Karnal. Editorial
policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors. The
data/information provided in the magazine is sourced through various sources and the publisher considers its
sources reliable and verifies as much data as possible. However, the publisher accepts no liability for the
material herein and consequently readers using this information do so at their own risk.
Although persons and companies mentioned herein are believed to be reputable, neither BENISON Media, nor
any of its employees or contributors accept any responsibility whatsoever for such persons’ and companies’
activities. All legal matters are subjected to Karnal Jurisdiction.
C o n t e n t s Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Front Cover: digitalistmag
SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION:
Simple Post Courier Overseas
One Year : INR 1200 INR 1800 USD 300
Three Year : INR 3300 INR 4800 USD 900
Five Year : INR 5200 INR 6500 USD 1500
R&D
ww
w.b
enis
onm
ed
ia.c
om
05
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Animal feed from Cassava peelWith 60% of the world's arable land,
Africa has the potential to not only feed
itself, but also to become a major food
exporter. This enormous potential was
demonstrated in an innovation by
CGIAR scientists during Global Forum
for Innovations in Agriculture
(GFIA)—processing cassava peels into
animal feed.
Processing high quality cassava peels
into animal feed could reduce human-
livestock competition for food-feed
grains and help develop alternative and
sustainable feed sources to boost
livestock production in Africa.
Innovative agricultural solution aimed
to create agribusinesses and contribute
to wider economic prosperity.
Unlocking this potential will require
that Africa's agriculture leapfrog
traditional development challenges and
leverage sustainable and inclusive
agriculture as a driver for economic
prosperity and global trade.
CGIAR scientists developed a low-tech
way of transforming wet cassava peels
into high quality, safe and hygienic feed
ingredients within eight hours,
producing one tonne of high quality
With the right investment in scaling up,
Africa's estimated 50 million tonnes of
cassava peel waste per year could
generate at least 15 million tonnes of
cassava mash.
cassava peel (HQCP) mash from three tonnes of wet
peels.
Animal scientist at the International Livestock Research
Institute (ILRI), Anandan Samireddypalle—based in
Ibadan, Nigeria—explained the simple process. He
explained how 98% of Nigeria's cassava peels annually
are wasted due to constraints associated with drying
and concerns about safety of use, particularly
hydrocyanide- and mycotoxins-related food poisoning.
Drying peels outside, practically impossible during the
rainy season, takes two-three days otherwise.
Consequently, peels are left to rot in heaps or set on
fire—both polluting the nearby air, soil and
groundwater and wasting a potential feed resource.
With the right investment in scaling up, Africa's
estimated 50 million tonnes of cassava peel waste per
year could generate at least 15 million tonnes of HQCP,
substantially addressing shortfalls in the supply of
animal feed and eventually creating a USD2 billion a
year industry on the continent. Of course, safe and
hygienic processing standards will need to be promoted
among processors and users to allay safety, storability
and other concerns. CGIAR scientists believe related
research and development activities could facilitate
about 20% of the sector's potential transformation, so
that further scaling could rely on private, and not donor,
funding. The innovation was developed by the
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI),
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and
International Potato Center (CIP), with the support of
CGIAR Research Programs on Root Tubers and Bananas
(RTB), Integrated Systems for the Humid Tropics and
Livestock and Fish, as well as the Global Cassava
Partnership for the 21st Century (GCP21).
Source: ILRIDisclaimer :
[email protected]. BENISON Media or Think Grain Think Feed is not liable for any claim prior to written information.
The published material and images are sourced from various websites and newspapers, and used for information purpose only, if you have any issue, please inform us at
INDUSTRY EVENTS
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
INDUSTRY THOUGHTS
INNOVATIONS
05
MARKET PROJECTIONS
INTERVIEW
ARTICLE
Imag
e s
ou
rce: i
lri
Animal feed from Cassava peel
08
06 Maize Prices in India crossed industry expectations
Feeding aspects and other challenges faced by the Indian Dairy Industry
12
14
18
M-fodder–ICT based fodder innovation in Kenya
Growing importance of Canola meal for Indian Industry
Spine Less Cactus as Fodder for Livestock
20
24
28 2016 World Mycotoxin Forum focused on impacts of Climate change on mycotoxin contamination
Upcoming Events
26-28 August
2016
27-29 July
2016
Reducing reliance on traditional ingredients
Influence of feed and nutrients on Coccidiosis infection
The maize planting in the US is almost
done and more than 72% of the corn
has emerged. The weather looks good
and with no threats at present, looks
like US corn crop is having a good
start. 31st was the last day of the trade
for the month of May and the July
contract was down considerably,
closing at $4.0475/bushel
($159.34/MT), but the prices were back
with the bang the next day, the first day
of the new month closing at
$4.1375/bushel ($162.88/MT). By end of
the first week of June, the prices were
up at $164.64/MT, closing 1.36% higher
than last week's close, after the dip in
the middle of the week. Sept contract
was also up by 1.30% to $165.19/MT,
Dec up 1.50% to $165.19/MT. The
exports sales have been very good
from US and with Brazil prices high due
to losses there, it is keeping the US
prices high. FOB prices for US corn at
US Gulf were indicated at $183-186/MT
for Jun-Aug period and high at
$193/Mt for Sep. FOB prices at PNW
were indicated at $194-196/Mt for the
period July-Sep.
The plant protein prices also continued
to increase, following rains in Argentina,
which could lead to damage and slow
down the harvest of Soybeans. As the
demand plant protein was strong, there
was no change in the FOB prices at (US
Gulf) prices were at $214 and PNW at
$232. Aug FOB (US Gulf) was down to $204/MT and
PNW at $226/MT. Delivered price to Vietnam and China
were up for immediate delivery and were indicated at
$270/Mt and $250/Mt respectively. For Aug 2016
delivery the prices were indicated lower at $253/MT and
$245/Mt respectively.
India maize price on spot basis continue to move up,
breaching the Rs.17000/Mt mark in Sangli and closing
on 3rd June at Rs.17300/MT, up 2.98% against last
week; Prices in Bihar at Gulabbagh were also up 1.03%
to Rs.13250/MT. Nizamabad up 1.37% to Rs.15605/MT;
Davangere up 2.82% to Rs.16400/MT and Karim Nagar
up 1.66% to Rs.16037/MT. This week also saw GOI
announcing the new MSP for various Khariff crops.
While Pulses got the maximum increase ranging from
7.73% to 9.18%, maize got an increase of 3.01% to
Rs.13650/MT. With the coarse cereals even Sorghum
MSP has been increased by 3.5% to Rs.16250/MT; Pearl
Millet 4.31% to Rs.13300/Mt and Ragi 4.54% to
Rs.17250/MT (these are the coarse cereals are better
suited for dry conditions and do not require much
water). The new prices will be valid from Oct 1, 2016
and only time will tell about the shift to other crops.
Some reports do point towards a shift to pulses against
Soybeans in Madhya Pradesh; Oilseeds and Pulses in
place of cotton in Punjab, but it is little early to predict
what the farmers decide to plant in major corn belts of
India, including Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana,
Rajasthan, parts of Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh.
With monsoon predicted at 106% of LPA, it seems to be
a good start for now.
Future prices were mixed and June contract on NCDEX
down 0.36% to Rs.13800/MT; July down 0.42% to
Rs.14180/MT; Aug slightly up at Rs.14560/MT; Sept
0.54% to Rs.14940/MT.
Maize Prices in India crossed industry expectations
Imag
e s
ou
rce: f
lickr
MARKET PROJECTIONS w
ww
.thin
kgra
inth
inkf
ee
d.c
o.in
06
The maize planting in the US is almost
done and more than 72% of the corn
has emerged. The weather looks good
and with no threats at present, looks
like US corn crop is having a good
start. 31st was the last day of the trade
for the month of May and the July
contract was down considerably,
closing at $4.0475/bushel
($159.34/MT), but the prices were back
with the bang the next day, the first day
of the new month closing at
$4.1375/bushel ($162.88/MT). By end of
the first week of June, the prices were
up at $164.64/MT, closing 1.36% higher
than last week's close, after the dip in
the middle of the week. Sept contract
was also up by 1.30% to $165.19/MT,
Dec up 1.50% to $165.19/MT. The
exports sales have been very good
from US and with Brazil prices high due
to losses there, it is keeping the US
prices high. FOB prices for US corn at
US Gulf were indicated at $183-186/MT
for Jun-Aug period and high at
$193/Mt for Sep. FOB prices at PNW
were indicated at $194-196/Mt for the
period July-Sep.
The plant protein prices also continued
to increase, following rains in Argentina,
which could lead to damage and slow
down the harvest of Soybeans. As the
demand plant protein was strong, there
was no change in the FOB prices at (US
Gulf) prices were at $214 and PNW at
$232. Aug FOB (US Gulf) was down to $204/MT and
PNW at $226/MT. Delivered price to Vietnam and China
were up for immediate delivery and were indicated at
$270/Mt and $250/Mt respectively. For Aug 2016
delivery the prices were indicated lower at $253/MT and
$245/Mt respectively.
India maize price on spot basis continue to move up,
breaching the Rs.17000/Mt mark in Sangli and closing
on 3rd June at Rs.17300/MT, up 2.98% against last
week; Prices in Bihar at Gulabbagh were also up 1.03%
to Rs.13250/MT. Nizamabad up 1.37% to Rs.15605/MT;
Davangere up 2.82% to Rs.16400/MT and Karim Nagar
up 1.66% to Rs.16037/MT. This week also saw GOI
announcing the new MSP for various Khariff crops.
While Pulses got the maximum increase ranging from
7.73% to 9.18%, maize got an increase of 3.01% to
Rs.13650/MT. With the coarse cereals even Sorghum
MSP has been increased by 3.5% to Rs.16250/MT; Pearl
Millet 4.31% to Rs.13300/Mt and Ragi 4.54% to
Rs.17250/MT (these are the coarse cereals are better
suited for dry conditions and do not require much
water). The new prices will be valid from Oct 1, 2016
and only time will tell about the shift to other crops.
Some reports do point towards a shift to pulses against
Soybeans in Madhya Pradesh; Oilseeds and Pulses in
place of cotton in Punjab, but it is little early to predict
what the farmers decide to plant in major corn belts of
India, including Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana,
Rajasthan, parts of Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh.
With monsoon predicted at 106% of LPA, it seems to be
a good start for now.
Future prices were mixed and June contract on NCDEX
down 0.36% to Rs.13800/MT; July down 0.42% to
Rs.14180/MT; Aug slightly up at Rs.14560/MT; Sept
0.54% to Rs.14940/MT.
Maize Prices in India crossed industry expectations
Imag
e s
ou
rce: f
lickr
MARKET PROJECTIONS
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06
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016INDUSTRY THOUGHTS
The socio-economic conditions in India
render the Indian Dairy Industry in
sharp contrast to the industrially
advanced nations. The demand for
milk and milk products is estimated at
about 210 MT by 2020-21. The dairy
industry has to overcome several
roadblocks before this challenge is met.
The constraints that the industry faces
begin at the animal rearing and
management stage, which has a
cascading effect on milk production
and thereafter, milk processing and
value addition.
Milk produced in India comes from
buffalos, cows as well as a very small
proportion from small ruminants and
camel. The major constraints facing development of the
dairy sector are the low productivity and very large
numbers of animals across all species. The multitudes of
non-descript cattle that produce 1-2 litres of milk is the
mainstay of the dairy industry. Proper breeding policies,
management strategies and feeding practices would be
necessary to upgrade the productivity of these animals.
Efforts to bring about any tangible change in the
production systems would involve increasing the
average animal holdings to an middle level of 5 to 10
milch animals (from the current 1-2) by providing credit,
technological support in terms of breeding, feeding and
management inputs and market access.
The indigenous cattle are well adapted to the tropical
climate, owing to their inherent superior resistance
towards heat and tropical diseases. However, the
numbers of elite local breeds are depleting, due to over-
Feeding aspects and other challenges faced by the Indian Dairy Industry
enthusiastic cross breeding
programmes and lack of adequate
management and care. Cross breeding
of local cattle with elite exotic breeds
has definitely contributed to improved
animal productivity and increased milk
production in the country. But poor
heat tolerance and more susceptibility
to disease and pest infection to the
cross bred cattle have proved to be a
problem, leading to higher investments
in their feeding and management. It is
now being felt that while cross-
breeding is here to stay, in order to
maintain the milk production levels and
meet the demand for milk, the
The breeding policies
should be such that crossing of elite
indigenous breeds with exotic
germplasm should be discontinued.
The non-descript Indian breeds should
be continuously improved using semen
of elite Indian breeds.
Lack of good quality semen and very
good coverage of artificial insemination
in unorganized sector, has seriously
germplasm of high yielding
indigenous animals should be
conserved.
Dr. A.K. Srivastava, DirectorNDRI, Karnal
impaired attempts for genetic improvement of the
national milch herd. Embryo transfer technology, sexing
of semen, cloning, developing markers for diagnosis of
subclinical mastitis and pregnancy, and electronic nose
for oestrus detection through genomics, proteomics,
biotechnology and genetic engineering are some of the
research and technology interventions that would help
to generate a “National Milk Herd” of animal with
improved performance.
Buffaloes being the highest contributors to the milk
bowl of the country, their breed improvement and
management should not be ignored. Genetic
improvement and conservation of high milk producing
buffalo breeds through selective breeding in their home
tracts is very essential to increase their milk production.
Upgrading of non-descript buffaloes with the improved
and superior breeds is another potentially important
step. The milk of small ruminants is now gaining
prominence, as it is being proved that their milk has rare
therapeutic and health-enhancing attributes. These
qualities, if exploited, can lead to the dairy industry
being the leading supplier of naturally derived milk
biomolecules as ingredients for the pharmaceutical
industry.
Among the management practices, animal nutrition,
especially
Since ages, the dairy animals in India
have sustained on by-products of agriculture and allied
food crops such as residues from crops, oilseed
processing, fruit juice and distilleries. As there is no
scope for increasing the land coverage under fodder
cultivation,
Novel
technologies, such as “hydroponics” promises to solve
the problem of fodder inadequacy in water scarcity
areas. This technology does not need soil to grow
fodder, and that, in turn, also solves the problem of
residues, which are otherwise transferred to livestock
products and are hazardous for human consumption.
Unfortunately, the growth of feed industry has not been
in tune with the demands of livestock industry. The
problem is not only the shortage of feed ingredients,
but also the poor management of feed resources. Since
feed serves as the raw material for the production of
milk, meat, fish and poultry,
balanced feeding plays the major
role in improving the livestock health,
reproductive efficiency and milk
production.
alternative sources of feeds and
unconventional methods to cultivate
fodder need to be explored.
feed industry must
gear up to meet the challenge of feed
Imag
e s
ou
rce: t
heg
uard
ian
ww
w.b
enis
onm
ed
ia.c
om
09
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
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o.in
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016INDUSTRY THOUGHTS
The socio-economic conditions in India
render the Indian Dairy Industry in
sharp contrast to the industrially
advanced nations. The demand for
milk and milk products is estimated at
about 210 MT by 2020-21. The dairy
industry has to overcome several
roadblocks before this challenge is met.
The constraints that the industry faces
begin at the animal rearing and
management stage, which has a
cascading effect on milk production
and thereafter, milk processing and
value addition.
Milk produced in India comes from
buffalos, cows as well as a very small
proportion from small ruminants and
camel. The major constraints facing development of the
dairy sector are the low productivity and very large
numbers of animals across all species. The multitudes of
non-descript cattle that produce 1-2 litres of milk is the
mainstay of the dairy industry. Proper breeding policies,
management strategies and feeding practices would be
necessary to upgrade the productivity of these animals.
Efforts to bring about any tangible change in the
production systems would involve increasing the
average animal holdings to an middle level of 5 to 10
milch animals (from the current 1-2) by providing credit,
technological support in terms of breeding, feeding and
management inputs and market access.
The indigenous cattle are well adapted to the tropical
climate, owing to their inherent superior resistance
towards heat and tropical diseases. However, the
numbers of elite local breeds are depleting, due to over-
Feeding aspects and other challenges faced by the Indian Dairy Industry
enthusiastic cross breeding
programmes and lack of adequate
management and care. Cross breeding
of local cattle with elite exotic breeds
has definitely contributed to improved
animal productivity and increased milk
production in the country. But poor
heat tolerance and more susceptibility
to disease and pest infection to the
cross bred cattle have proved to be a
problem, leading to higher investments
in their feeding and management. It is
now being felt that while cross-
breeding is here to stay, in order to
maintain the milk production levels and
meet the demand for milk, the
The breeding policies
should be such that crossing of elite
indigenous breeds with exotic
germplasm should be discontinued.
The non-descript Indian breeds should
be continuously improved using semen
of elite Indian breeds.
Lack of good quality semen and very
good coverage of artificial insemination
in unorganized sector, has seriously
germplasm of high yielding
indigenous animals should be
conserved.
Dr. A.K. Srivastava, DirectorNDRI, Karnal
impaired attempts for genetic improvement of the
national milch herd. Embryo transfer technology, sexing
of semen, cloning, developing markers for diagnosis of
subclinical mastitis and pregnancy, and electronic nose
for oestrus detection through genomics, proteomics,
biotechnology and genetic engineering are some of the
research and technology interventions that would help
to generate a “National Milk Herd” of animal with
improved performance.
Buffaloes being the highest contributors to the milk
bowl of the country, their breed improvement and
management should not be ignored. Genetic
improvement and conservation of high milk producing
buffalo breeds through selective breeding in their home
tracts is very essential to increase their milk production.
Upgrading of non-descript buffaloes with the improved
and superior breeds is another potentially important
step. The milk of small ruminants is now gaining
prominence, as it is being proved that their milk has rare
therapeutic and health-enhancing attributes. These
qualities, if exploited, can lead to the dairy industry
being the leading supplier of naturally derived milk
biomolecules as ingredients for the pharmaceutical
industry.
Among the management practices, animal nutrition,
especially
Since ages, the dairy animals in India
have sustained on by-products of agriculture and allied
food crops such as residues from crops, oilseed
processing, fruit juice and distilleries. As there is no
scope for increasing the land coverage under fodder
cultivation,
Novel
technologies, such as “hydroponics” promises to solve
the problem of fodder inadequacy in water scarcity
areas. This technology does not need soil to grow
fodder, and that, in turn, also solves the problem of
residues, which are otherwise transferred to livestock
products and are hazardous for human consumption.
Unfortunately, the growth of feed industry has not been
in tune with the demands of livestock industry. The
problem is not only the shortage of feed ingredients,
but also the poor management of feed resources. Since
feed serves as the raw material for the production of
milk, meat, fish and poultry,
balanced feeding plays the major
role in improving the livestock health,
reproductive efficiency and milk
production.
alternative sources of feeds and
unconventional methods to cultivate
fodder need to be explored.
feed industry must
gear up to meet the challenge of feed
Imag
e s
ou
rce: t
heg
uard
ian
INDUSTRY THOUGHTS Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
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10
requirement for reaching the
target for milk and other
livestock products.
Of the total milk produced in India,
64% is in trade, of which only 27% is
processed through the organised
sector. Channelizing the milk from the
unorganised sector to the organised is
the major challenge that faces the
processing industry. The poor quality of
milk that arrives at the processing dock,
coupled with the large scale of
adulteration is another hurdle. Measure
to be adopted to mitigate this at the
grassroots level would include
education of farmers on the harmful
effects of spurious additives, health and
hygiene of animals, precautions to be
exercised in the use of veterinary drugs
and other medicines and the adverse
effects of high levels of antibiotics and
their residues in milk. Adequate
initiatives to encourage farmers to
produce fodder and feed free from
pesticides, aflatoxins and heavy metals
will have to be taken. Qualitative and
quantitative assessment of adulterants
and reliable methods to detect them in the least
possible time will discourage vendors and middlemen
from adding contaminants to milk.
Modernisation of the domestic supply chain is very
essential to tackle quality-related problems. Infra-
structural facilities ranging from chilling facilities at
village level to adequate and accurate testing facilities
with trained manpower for routine testing and
maintenance of cold chains, need to be created. Testing
of contaminants and harmful substances as covered
under the clauses of SPS and TBT of the WTO will
require establishment of state-of-the-art testing and
analytical laboratories. It would be absolutely essential
to implement good hygienic practices at primary milk
production levels and translate these as good
manufacturing practices (GMP) at plant level in order to
meet the quality challenges. Once these problems are
overcome, there is no dearth of product technologies
available in the country, which brings the processing
industry to the forefront to compete with any major
dairying nation of the world. India can emerge as a
reliable quality dairy supplier in the international
market. There is need to inculcate in sense of
responsiveness in all stakeholders, and a firm
determination to improve the attitude and approach
towards the “business of dairying” in order to address
the challenges being faced by the Indian dairy
industry.
With the drought-like situation in the
state and the monsoon uncertainty,
many cultivating soybean till now plan
to switch to other crops.
Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh
account for about 80 per cent of the
all-India output. This year,
Maharashtra's output is expected to be
2.2 million tonnes, a fall of 17 per cent.
In MP's Dewas district, excessive rain
has destroyed swathes of the crop,
though the overall output is expected
Weather and lower prices to hit soya output to remain 3.4 million tonnes.
According to the Soybean Processors Association of
India (Sopa), this year, output of the bean this kharif is
expected to be 6.9 million tonnes, instead of the earlier
estimate of 7.4 million tonnes. Lesser production would
mean more import of edible oil and less of soymeal
export.
“There has been inter-cropping in Maharashtra,
affecting the production. Second, productivity has gone
down,” said D N Pathak, executive director, Sopa. "In
several cases, farmers have not gone to harvest because
the cost of harvesting is much higher."
The trade thinks farmers are set to reduce the area for
soybean cultivation by up to 10 per cent this year, in
response to falling prices. Soybean is the main summer-
sown oilseed crop for the world's biggest importer of
edible oil but prices have dropped 10 per cent in the
past two years. Prices of some pulses have nearly tripled
over the same period.
Source : Business Standard
Imag
e s
ou
rce: a
gn
r.osu
INDUSTRY THOUGHTS Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
ww
w.thin
kgra
inth
inkf
ee
d.c
o.in
10
requirement for reaching the
target for milk and other
livestock products.
Of the total milk produced in India,
64% is in trade, of which only 27% is
processed through the organised
sector. Channelizing the milk from the
unorganised sector to the organised is
the major challenge that faces the
processing industry. The poor quality of
milk that arrives at the processing dock,
coupled with the large scale of
adulteration is another hurdle. Measure
to be adopted to mitigate this at the
grassroots level would include
education of farmers on the harmful
effects of spurious additives, health and
hygiene of animals, precautions to be
exercised in the use of veterinary drugs
and other medicines and the adverse
effects of high levels of antibiotics and
their residues in milk. Adequate
initiatives to encourage farmers to
produce fodder and feed free from
pesticides, aflatoxins and heavy metals
will have to be taken. Qualitative and
quantitative assessment of adulterants
and reliable methods to detect them in the least
possible time will discourage vendors and middlemen
from adding contaminants to milk.
Modernisation of the domestic supply chain is very
essential to tackle quality-related problems. Infra-
structural facilities ranging from chilling facilities at
village level to adequate and accurate testing facilities
with trained manpower for routine testing and
maintenance of cold chains, need to be created. Testing
of contaminants and harmful substances as covered
under the clauses of SPS and TBT of the WTO will
require establishment of state-of-the-art testing and
analytical laboratories. It would be absolutely essential
to implement good hygienic practices at primary milk
production levels and translate these as good
manufacturing practices (GMP) at plant level in order to
meet the quality challenges. Once these problems are
overcome, there is no dearth of product technologies
available in the country, which brings the processing
industry to the forefront to compete with any major
dairying nation of the world. India can emerge as a
reliable quality dairy supplier in the international
market. There is need to inculcate in sense of
responsiveness in all stakeholders, and a firm
determination to improve the attitude and approach
towards the “business of dairying” in order to address
the challenges being faced by the Indian dairy
industry.
With the drought-like situation in the
state and the monsoon uncertainty,
many cultivating soybean till now plan
to switch to other crops.
Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh
account for about 80 per cent of the
all-India output. This year,
Maharashtra's output is expected to be
2.2 million tonnes, a fall of 17 per cent.
In MP's Dewas district, excessive rain
has destroyed swathes of the crop,
though the overall output is expected
Weather and lower prices to hit soya output to remain 3.4 million tonnes.
According to the Soybean Processors Association of
India (Sopa), this year, output of the bean this kharif is
expected to be 6.9 million tonnes, instead of the earlier
estimate of 7.4 million tonnes. Lesser production would
mean more import of edible oil and less of soymeal
export.
“There has been inter-cropping in Maharashtra,
affecting the production. Second, productivity has gone
down,” said D N Pathak, executive director, Sopa. "In
several cases, farmers have not gone to harvest because
the cost of harvesting is much higher."
The trade thinks farmers are set to reduce the area for
soybean cultivation by up to 10 per cent this year, in
response to falling prices. Soybean is the main summer-
sown oilseed crop for the world's biggest importer of
edible oil but prices have dropped 10 per cent in the
past two years. Prices of some pulses have nearly tripled
over the same period.
Source : Business Standard
Imag
e s
ou
rce: a
gn
r.osu
www.zeusindia.net
Stimulates GTF Reduces cortisone hormone (Prevents stress)
Improves glucose availability to the organs
Improves intake & absorption of minerals Enhances productivity in poultry
ww
w.b
enis
onm
ed
ia.c
om
13
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
The smallholder dairy farmers in
Kenya have very less land. Though
they are involved in dairy farming,
they cannot spare the land resources
to be deployed dedicatedly for
fodder production. The land (being
arid and semi-arid) is not very
suitable for quality fodder
production. So they have to get
fodder from other big farmers, or farmers doing
fodder production for commercial purpose.
There are a lot of big farmers doing commercial
fodder production using modern techniques like
hydroponics, which is landless cultivation of quality
fodder using water based cultivation. They sell the
fodder to the smallholder dairy farmers.
M-fodder is one such platform to link the
smallholder dairy farmers with the commercial
fodder producers. The farmers send a SMS to the M-
fodder call centre. The call centre arranges the call to
farmer from the fodder producer to get their
requirements. Then the tentative delivery date is
scheduled.
M-fodder is an award-winning mobile information
system that links smallholder livestock farmers with
hydroponic fodder producers using an affordable
SMS system. The fodder producers grow the grass in
nutrient-rich hydroponic systems. This system of
fodder production is faster and cheaper than
traditional soil based system.
Livestock farmers use their mobile
phones to order fodder eight days in
advance from the M-fodder call-
centre. The call centre then arranges
the delivery from the closest
hydroponic fodder producer. The
system is easy and efficient for
smallholder farmers to use. Even the
women, youth and children are able
to use M-fodder effectively. The costs
for the service are minimal. They are
charged as low as EUR 0.03 per SMS.
Following SMS they get call back
from the call-centre within 3 minutes
to arrange the delivery.
The intervention is very user friendly.
The farmers with basic cell phone can
use it. There is no middleman
involved so the intermediate costs
are minimized. This way farmer gets
the benefit of good quality fodder on
time at a reasonable price. The
fodder producers also get the
contacts of farmers and get regular
business. The fodder producers can
plan his batches according to the
number of orders for just in time (JIT)
delivery of fodder.
INNOVATIONS Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
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12
M-fodder–ICT based fodder innovation in Kenya
Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta, Dr. Ankaj SharmaCreative Agri Solutions
Figure 1: The M fodder model
M-fodder SMS system enables farmers to have access
to a reliable source of fodder by sending an SMS
1. Livestock farmer sends SMS order with
fodder quantity required and location
2. The farmer waits for a maximum of 3
minutes
3. The hydroponic fodder producer calls
back the farmer
4. Fodder is delivered to farmer 7-8 days
later
How?
! Affordable
! Just in time fodder production and
delivery
! can be used with all types of phones
Benefits
Imag
e s
ou
rce: p
igp
rod
uct
ion
an
dm
ark
eti
ng
Imag
e s
ou
rce: h
ydro
po
nic
sken
ya
www.zeusindia.net®
Stimulates GTF Reduces cortisone hormone (Prevents stress)
Improves glucose availability to the organs
Improves intake & absorption of minerals Enhances productivity in poultry
ww
w.b
enis
onm
ed
ia.c
om
13
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
The smallholder dairy farmers in
Kenya have very less land. Though
they are involved in dairy farming,
they cannot spare the land resources
to be deployed dedicatedly for
fodder production. The land (being
arid and semi-arid) is not very
suitable for quality fodder
production. So they have to get
fodder from other big farmers, or farmers doing
fodder production for commercial purpose.
There are a lot of big farmers doing commercial
fodder production using modern techniques like
hydroponics, which is landless cultivation of quality
fodder using water based cultivation. They sell the
fodder to the smallholder dairy farmers.
M-fodder is one such platform to link the
smallholder dairy farmers with the commercial
fodder producers. The farmers send a SMS to the M-
fodder call centre. The call centre arranges the call to
farmer from the fodder producer to get their
requirements. Then the tentative delivery date is
scheduled.
M-fodder is an award-winning mobile information
system that links smallholder livestock farmers with
hydroponic fodder producers using an affordable
SMS system. The fodder producers grow the grass in
nutrient-rich hydroponic systems. This system of
fodder production is faster and cheaper than
traditional soil based system.
Livestock farmers use their mobile
phones to order fodder eight days in
advance from the M-fodder call-
centre. The call centre then arranges
the delivery from the closest
hydroponic fodder producer. The
system is easy and efficient for
smallholder farmers to use. Even the
women, youth and children are able
to use M-fodder effectively. The costs
for the service are minimal. They are
charged as low as EUR 0.03 per SMS.
Following SMS they get call back
from the call-centre within 3 minutes
to arrange the delivery.
The intervention is very user friendly.
The farmers with basic cell phone can
use it. There is no middleman
involved so the intermediate costs
are minimized. This way farmer gets
the benefit of good quality fodder on
time at a reasonable price. The
fodder producers also get the
contacts of farmers and get regular
business. The fodder producers can
plan his batches according to the
number of orders for just in time (JIT)
delivery of fodder.
INNOVATIONS Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
ww
w.thin
kgra
inth
inkf
ee
d.c
o.in
12
M-fodder–ICT based fodder innovation in Kenya
Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta, Dr. Ankaj SharmaCreative Agri Solutions
Figure 1: The M fodder model
M-fodder SMS system enables farmers to have access
to a reliable source of fodder by sending an SMS
1. Livestock farmer sends SMS order with
fodder quantity required and location
2. The farmer waits for a maximum of 3
minutes
3. The hydroponic fodder producer calls
back the farmer
4. Fodder is delivered to farmer 7-8 days
later
How?
! Affordable
! Just in time fodder production and
delivery
! can be used with all types of phones
Benefits
Imag
e s
ou
rce: p
igp
rod
uct
ion
an
dm
ark
eti
ng
Imag
e s
ou
rce: h
ydro
po
nic
sken
ya
ww
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kgra
inth
inkf
ee
d.c
o.in
14
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016ARTICLE
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15
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
the canola meal produced in Canada.
On the other hand the major buyers of
Indian rapeseed meal are Bangladesh,
South Korea, China, Malaysia,
Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia, Japan,
Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Due
to absence of derivate market for
canola or rapeseed meal, traders and
exporters have to use canola and
rapeseed futures, in order to hedge
their price risks.
The demand trends for Canadian
Canola is usually set by North America
and Asia, but there is constant rise in
demand, owing to increasing
importance of the health properties
such as canola oil is lowest in saturated
fats, great ratio of omega-6s to omega-
3s, and high in heart-healthy
monounsaturated fats.
Crushing of canola seed produces
approximately 40% canola oil and rest
60% canola meal. The meal is used in
the feed ration of cattle, swine, poultry,
and specialty animals (horse, sheep and aquaculture).
Studies have revealed that canola meal is worth, on a
unit weight basis, 65 to 70 per cent of the value of 44
per cent protein soybean meal for feeding poultry and
about 70 to 75 per cent of the value of soybean meal
for feeding swine and ruminants. This inference is based
on nutrient content alone.
In near future, there might be further increase in
demand of canola meal.
! In EU region, due to deficient in protein feed the
consumption of rapeseed meal replacing imported
soybean meal has grown quite significantly
! Due to rapid economic development in China and
sharp expansion of protein manufacturing plants,
consumption of canola meal has improved
! Rising interest of milk producers also resulted in
constant growth of rape meal markets in USA.
! The meal consumption has also been improving
consistently in countries like Iran, Vietnam and
Indonesia
Looking at the demand scenario, it can be concluded
that rapeseed or canola meal usage is most likely to
increase manifold, hence average price of oilmeal
should remain firm in years to come. This situation
might be beneficial for reducing the price gap of other
oilmeals.
Indian Scenario
The situation has turned critical for India, as the country
is steadily making a shift in its position from influential
exporter in Global oilmeals market to net importer.
Lesser availability of oilseeds for crushing and crushing
disparity has affected nearly 15,000 oilseed crushing
Canola, a low-acid cultivar of rapeseed
which was developed in Canada, and
largely considered as Canada's most
valuable oilseed, as the total value of
annual exports of canola seed oil and
meal is more than three billion dollars.
The Canola Meal obtained after
crushing of the canola seed, is used
commonly in animal feed due to its
protein content of 36-38%. Canada is
the world's largest exporter enjoying a
mammoth share nearly 50% in the
world canola meal trade.
Historically, soybean meal has been the
most common protein source in poultry
and cattle feed production. Due to increase in feed
costs, nutritionists are looking for alternatives in their
feed formulations. A study at the University of Nevada
and University of Wisconsin supports canola meal as an
exceptional protein source and alternative to soybean
meal.
Additionally, increased production of canola in recent
years has also led to a greater availability of canola meal
as a protein supplement in livestock diets.
Canola Consumption
Biggest consumer or importer of Canadian Canola meal
is the United States, followed by Mexico, Ireland, Taiwan,
Indonesia, Thailand, China and Vietnam. The United
States is a regular market for more than 60 per cent of
Growing importance of Canola meal for Indian Industry
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Production Consumption Export
Sources: Solvent Extractors Association
25.7
2
26.0
8
25.8
4
27.4
9
21.3
2
4.4
0
21.1
8
21.8
1
4.9
0
5.0
0
3.6
2
23.8
7
24.2
1
26.2
0
1.9
1
(in MMT)Oilmeal Market in IndiaAbhijeet BanerjeeReligare Commodities
The export market situation is shown in the chart 1. It was only on May 2015 that
China lifted the ban on oilmeal import, giving some relief to the exporters.
Imag
e s
ou
rce: i
bra
tasb
d
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o.in
14
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016ARTICLE
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om
15
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
the canola meal produced in Canada.
On the other hand the major buyers of
Indian rapeseed meal are Bangladesh,
South Korea, China, Malaysia,
Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia, Japan,
Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Due
to absence of derivate market for
canola or rapeseed meal, traders and
exporters have to use canola and
rapeseed futures, in order to hedge
their price risks.
The demand trends for Canadian
Canola is usually set by North America
and Asia, but there is constant rise in
demand, owing to increasing
importance of the health properties
such as canola oil is lowest in saturated
fats, great ratio of omega-6s to omega-
3s, and high in heart-healthy
monounsaturated fats.
Crushing of canola seed produces
approximately 40% canola oil and rest
60% canola meal. The meal is used in
the feed ration of cattle, swine, poultry,
and specialty animals (horse, sheep and aquaculture).
Studies have revealed that canola meal is worth, on a
unit weight basis, 65 to 70 per cent of the value of 44
per cent protein soybean meal for feeding poultry and
about 70 to 75 per cent of the value of soybean meal
for feeding swine and ruminants. This inference is based
on nutrient content alone.
In near future, there might be further increase in
demand of canola meal.
! In EU region, due to deficient in protein feed the
consumption of rapeseed meal replacing imported
soybean meal has grown quite significantly
! Due to rapid economic development in China and
sharp expansion of protein manufacturing plants,
consumption of canola meal has improved
! Rising interest of milk producers also resulted in
constant growth of rape meal markets in USA.
! The meal consumption has also been improving
consistently in countries like Iran, Vietnam and
Indonesia
Looking at the demand scenario, it can be concluded
that rapeseed or canola meal usage is most likely to
increase manifold, hence average price of oilmeal
should remain firm in years to come. This situation
might be beneficial for reducing the price gap of other
oilmeals.
Indian Scenario
The situation has turned critical for India, as the country
is steadily making a shift in its position from influential
exporter in Global oilmeals market to net importer.
Lesser availability of oilseeds for crushing and crushing
disparity has affected nearly 15,000 oilseed crushing
Canola, a low-acid cultivar of rapeseed
which was developed in Canada, and
largely considered as Canada's most
valuable oilseed, as the total value of
annual exports of canola seed oil and
meal is more than three billion dollars.
The Canola Meal obtained after
crushing of the canola seed, is used
commonly in animal feed due to its
protein content of 36-38%. Canada is
the world's largest exporter enjoying a
mammoth share nearly 50% in the
world canola meal trade.
Historically, soybean meal has been the
most common protein source in poultry
and cattle feed production. Due to increase in feed
costs, nutritionists are looking for alternatives in their
feed formulations. A study at the University of Nevada
and University of Wisconsin supports canola meal as an
exceptional protein source and alternative to soybean
meal.
Additionally, increased production of canola in recent
years has also led to a greater availability of canola meal
as a protein supplement in livestock diets.
Canola Consumption
Biggest consumer or importer of Canadian Canola meal
is the United States, followed by Mexico, Ireland, Taiwan,
Indonesia, Thailand, China and Vietnam. The United
States is a regular market for more than 60 per cent of
Growing importance of Canola meal for Indian Industry
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Production Consumption Export
Sources: Solvent Extractors Association
25.7
2
26.0
8
25.8
4
27.4
9
21.3
2
4.4
0
21.1
8
21.8
1
4.9
0
5.0
0
3.6
2
23.8
7
24.2
1
26.2
0
1.9
1
(in MMT)Oilmeal Market in IndiaAbhijeet BanerjeeReligare Commodities
The export market situation is shown in the chart 1. It was only on May 2015 that
China lifted the ban on oilmeal import, giving some relief to the exporters.
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ARTICLE
Table 1: Rape meal price trend in India (Average Prices)
Source: Agriwatch
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016 INDUSTRY NEWS
units to operate only at 20-30 per cent
of their capacity of 36 million tonnes of
edible oils.
As observed by market leaders, higher
minimum support prices (MSP) fixed
by the government and consistently
lower edible oil prices in the
international market has made it
cheaper to import refined oil, and
making India out priced by $140-150
per tonne in the global oilmeal market.
Two successive years of drought have
led to lower output of soybean and
rapeseed, hence adversely affecting
oilmeal market.
India's oilmeal export share has fallen
also due to stiff competition from
China and Argentina, since it diverted
traditional buyers such as Japan, Iran,
Thailand, Indonesia, Taiwan and
Vietnam to avoid purchasing from
India. A ban on oilmeal import by
China (in 2011), and Japan's move
decision to import genetically
modified (GM) seed meal has also
badly affected the Indian exports.
As observed in the table 1, the price trends of domestic
rape meal has been more or less on the upward in last
one year. Firming prices of rapeseed and lower oilmeal
production in the country has been supporting the
market.
As observed in table2, average prices of Canadian
Canola Meal have been moving upwards except in
2015.
The data prepared by the Solvent Extractors'
Association (SEA), explains that India's oilmeal exports
have dropped by slightly more than 90% in January
2016 to 17,243 tonnes, which has been the lowest ever
figure. The country's export share in the world oilmeal
market in 2012-13 stood at nearly six per cent and the
share has been reduced to less than two per cent in
2014-15. Considering the growing importance of
rapeseed/canola meal in the animal feed rations, the
oilseed imports might prove beneficial for the
industry. As it would lower the need for edible oil
imports, and also enhance rape meal supply in the
country to balance the local feed consumption.
Table 2: Canola Meal Average Price Trend (CDN$/MT) in Canada
Source: Canolacouncil.org
Maize demand on risein Indonesia Indonesia still needs to import maize as domestic
production has not increased while demand for the
commodity continues to increase, according to Indonesian
Agribusiness Club Secretary Tony Kristiyanto.
"Let us review the price of maize at the end of this month.
If it does not come down, it means there is no additional
domestic production. If there is no stock, it will be
impossible for us to not import the commodity," he stated
recently.
He noted that Indonesia had to import maize since it is
used as animal feed. However, seed and fertilizer
assistance as well as price incentive worth Rp five
thousand per kg have failed to encourage farmers to
directly plant maize soon after the harvest.
Lack of interest among farmers to plant maize was due to
a reduction in agricultural areas as a result of resettlement
and industrial expansion. Therefore, he called on the
government to increase maize plantations and provide
more land for growing the commodity.
"The government only thinks of allocating land for rice
farms, although it is much easier to clear land for (maize)
plantations. Since the land preparation cost for maize
plantations is far lower than that for rice farms, so the
government should provide more land for plantations like
those offered for setting up rice farms," he added.
He said so far, there was no policy that regulated maize
imports, particularly to meet the animal feed needs. What
exists is a law on food, which regulates human
consumption and a law on animal husbandry and health,
which regulates the animal husbandry business and
animal health.
"There is no set procedure for maize import for animal
feed. The government could not stop maize imports
based on the law on food. Regarding the law on animal
husbandry and health, the government's function is
limited to coordination only. Therefore, imports will
continue as supply is short," he explained.
The major concern for the industry is that maize imports
might increase as several animal feed industries switched
to wheat as a substitute for maize. The high price of wheat
is feared to trigger a hike in the price of animal feeds. The
increase in maize imports can reach 25 percent.
Source: Antara News
Feed raw material imports bring prices of crops downin Thailand
Agricultural organizations will ask the
Prime Minister to consider lowering the
imports of wheat and corn gluten feed,
which have caused their prices to
decline.
Both the National Farmers Council and
the Crops Grower and Merchandise
Association want Prime Minister Gen
Prayut Chan-o-cha to boost domestic
crop prices by keeping the imports of
the two raw materials at reasonable
levels.
Wheat and corn gluten feed are used in
the production of animal feed. Thailand imported as
much as 3.4 million tons of wheat and corn gluten feed
last year and more than one million tons during the first
four months of this year. President of the National
Farmers Council Prapat Panyachartrak has said that
these imports have negatively affected the prices of rice,
corn and cassava.
The two organizations want domestic animal feed
producers to consider prioritizing the use of
government rice over imports. They also want to be part
of the government's team, which decides where to
source these raw materials.
Source: Thai News Service
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ARTICLE
Table 1: Rape meal price trend in India (Average Prices)
Source: Agriwatch
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016 INDUSTRY NEWS
units to operate only at 20-30 per cent
of their capacity of 36 million tonnes of
edible oils.
As observed by market leaders, higher
minimum support prices (MSP) fixed
by the government and consistently
lower edible oil prices in the
international market has made it
cheaper to import refined oil, and
making India out priced by $140-150
per tonne in the global oilmeal market.
Two successive years of drought have
led to lower output of soybean and
rapeseed, hence adversely affecting
oilmeal market.
India's oilmeal export share has fallen
also due to stiff competition from
China and Argentina, since it diverted
traditional buyers such as Japan, Iran,
Thailand, Indonesia, Taiwan and
Vietnam to avoid purchasing from
India. A ban on oilmeal import by
China (in 2011), and Japan's move
decision to import genetically
modified (GM) seed meal has also
badly affected the Indian exports.
As observed in the table 1, the price trends of domestic
rape meal has been more or less on the upward in last
one year. Firming prices of rapeseed and lower oilmeal
production in the country has been supporting the
market.
As observed in table2, average prices of Canadian
Canola Meal have been moving upwards except in
2015.
The data prepared by the Solvent Extractors'
Association (SEA), explains that India's oilmeal exports
have dropped by slightly more than 90% in January
2016 to 17,243 tonnes, which has been the lowest ever
figure. The country's export share in the world oilmeal
market in 2012-13 stood at nearly six per cent and the
share has been reduced to less than two per cent in
2014-15. Considering the growing importance of
rapeseed/canola meal in the animal feed rations, the
oilseed imports might prove beneficial for the
industry. As it would lower the need for edible oil
imports, and also enhance rape meal supply in the
country to balance the local feed consumption.
Table 2: Canola Meal Average Price Trend (CDN$/MT) in Canada
Source: Canolacouncil.org
Maize demand on risein Indonesia Indonesia still needs to import maize as domestic
production has not increased while demand for the
commodity continues to increase, according to Indonesian
Agribusiness Club Secretary Tony Kristiyanto.
"Let us review the price of maize at the end of this month.
If it does not come down, it means there is no additional
domestic production. If there is no stock, it will be
impossible for us to not import the commodity," he stated
recently.
He noted that Indonesia had to import maize since it is
used as animal feed. However, seed and fertilizer
assistance as well as price incentive worth Rp five
thousand per kg have failed to encourage farmers to
directly plant maize soon after the harvest.
Lack of interest among farmers to plant maize was due to
a reduction in agricultural areas as a result of resettlement
and industrial expansion. Therefore, he called on the
government to increase maize plantations and provide
more land for growing the commodity.
"The government only thinks of allocating land for rice
farms, although it is much easier to clear land for (maize)
plantations. Since the land preparation cost for maize
plantations is far lower than that for rice farms, so the
government should provide more land for plantations like
those offered for setting up rice farms," he added.
He said so far, there was no policy that regulated maize
imports, particularly to meet the animal feed needs. What
exists is a law on food, which regulates human
consumption and a law on animal husbandry and health,
which regulates the animal husbandry business and
animal health.
"There is no set procedure for maize import for animal
feed. The government could not stop maize imports
based on the law on food. Regarding the law on animal
husbandry and health, the government's function is
limited to coordination only. Therefore, imports will
continue as supply is short," he explained.
The major concern for the industry is that maize imports
might increase as several animal feed industries switched
to wheat as a substitute for maize. The high price of wheat
is feared to trigger a hike in the price of animal feeds. The
increase in maize imports can reach 25 percent.
Source: Antara News
Feed raw material imports bring prices of crops downin Thailand
Agricultural organizations will ask the
Prime Minister to consider lowering the
imports of wheat and corn gluten feed,
which have caused their prices to
decline.
Both the National Farmers Council and
the Crops Grower and Merchandise
Association want Prime Minister Gen
Prayut Chan-o-cha to boost domestic
crop prices by keeping the imports of
the two raw materials at reasonable
levels.
Wheat and corn gluten feed are used in
the production of animal feed. Thailand imported as
much as 3.4 million tons of wheat and corn gluten feed
last year and more than one million tons during the first
four months of this year. President of the National
Farmers Council Prapat Panyachartrak has said that
these imports have negatively affected the prices of rice,
corn and cassava.
The two organizations want domestic animal feed
producers to consider prioritizing the use of
government rice over imports. They also want to be part
of the government's team, which decides where to
source these raw materials.
Source: Thai News Service
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Spine Less Cactus as Fodder for Livestock
Dr. T. K. Walli, Managing EditorThink Grain Think Feed
Drylands comprise 40 % of the global
land area and host more than 2 billion
people. Ironically these areas are
mostly overpopulated, thus increasing
pressure on natural resources. On the
top of it, the world is caught in the
web of climate change, which is
showing its menacing effect in the
different parts of the world. In fact,
the effects of global-warming are very
much here and visible, especially in
the hotter regions like arid and semi
arid zones of the world. In India,
because of failure of rains in many
parts of the country, the water scarcity
is emerging as the new adversary for
the country. The failure of rains leads
to the failure of crops, which in turn, is
forcing lot of Indian farmers to
commit suicide.
Due to overdraft of ground water, to
meet its excessive requirement for
wheat-paddy cropping system, the
water table has reduced drastically in
many states, especially in Punjab and
Haryana. In these states it has gone down from 10
meters to 25 meters in the last decade. Thus, there is
an urgent need to adopt all kinds of water
conservation techniques, like micro and drip
irrigation, use of laser levelers, planting of
permanently raised beds, direct seeding of paddy and
roof top rain harvesting. In fact, the Prime Minister of
India, knowing the gravity of the situation, has coined
this national slogan “Per Drop More Crop”, for water
conservation and its efficient use for crop and animal
husbandry.
Rangelands in semi arid zones are usually the basis
for livestock production system. However, as the
global livestock population is increasing steadily, this
is leading to the rangeland degradation. With water
being another limiting factor, the very sustainability of
the livestock production in these regions is in danger,
which is directly going to affect the survivability of
human population in these regions.
Just like food crops, even fodder crops need lot of
water for their cultivation. Seasonal and yearly
fluctuations of rainfall do severely reduce the
potential of crops such as maize and beans. Perennial
adapted crops are the best alternative to produce
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
food for humans and feed for
livestock. Today we have two
technologies for growing fodder in the
water scarcity areas, viz., “Hydroponics
Fodder” and “Spine-less Cactaii as
green Fodder”. While good
information is being dissipated on
hydroponics, there is also the need to
propagate the technology of Cactaii as
green fodder through information
diffusion.
In this scenario, spineless cactus,
more specifically Opantia and
Neopalea become the most important
crops for the 21st century. The
succulents have the consistency of
being thick, soft and juicy, and are so
adapted that in periods of drought
these are able to store water in their
tissues. These cactaii require least care
and can be cultivated in nurseries or
greenhouses too. Cactaii have the
potential to produce > 20 tones of
DM per hectare per year and provide
180 tones of fresh good quality water
stored in the Cladodes for livestock
(Dubeux et al, 2015). The productivity
is enough to produce forage to
sustain 5 adult cows per year. This
means a 60 fold increase over
rangeland productivity. The potential
of this Cactus, however, is still unexploited. Just less than
0.1% of the dryland area is covered so far under its
cultivation.
Under the National Dairy Plan, NDDB, Anand has taken up
the cultivation and the propagation of Cactaii in a big way in
the semi arid area of Gujrat state. The pictures show the
different stages of cultivation of the cactaii being undertaken
by the fodder experts from NDD under the transfer of
technology. of thorn . In fact, I am glad that one of my old
student's, Nihar Ranjan Gosh has been overlooking these
operations of transfer of technology of thorn-less cactus
cultivation with drip irrigation system on the farmers' field for
green fodder production. These operations are being
conducted in villages facing acute water shortage, due to
drought conditions in Banaskantha and Dahod districts of
Gujrat. Brazil has 500,00 to 600,000 ha of cultivated cactus,
mostly Opuntia and Neopalea.
Chemical composition of the average cactus plant
The cactus plant has a high water content, and is also high in
energy. However, It is low in CP as well as fibre. The
digestibility is moderate, varying from 65 -7
i) CP 3-7 %
ii) NDF 25-30 %
iii) Water soluble carbohydrates 45 – 55 %
iv) Digestibility 65- 70 %
Benefits of using Cactus plant
! It is a multipurpose crop and provides multiple benefits
to the society.
! It protects soil against erosion
! Provides green fodder for livestock. In Mexico, 3 million
hectares of native cactus is extensively used by the
population to feed livestock.
! Provides food for human beings, as fruits and
vegetables. In fact, Italy, Mexico and other Latin
American countries have cactus orchards in a big area.
! It has medicinal as well as cosmetics well. Cactaii based
industries are being developed in many Latin American
countries.
Conclusions
Spineless cactus could be a tremendous resource for semi
arid regions of the world, providing multiple benefits.
Establishing cactus might alleviate the pressure on
rangelands, thus, providing green fodder for livestock.
An excellent plant for the reclamation of rangelands
Last but not least, these cactaii have a high potential for
carbon capture, both above as well as below the soil.
* Adopted as an abridged version from the article by Jose C. B. Debeux
Jr., which appeared in “Feedipedia” recently ( April, 2016).
ARTICLE
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Spine Less Cactus as Fodder for Livestock
Dr. T. K. Walli, Managing EditorThink Grain Think Feed
Drylands comprise 40 % of the global
land area and host more than 2 billion
people. Ironically these areas are
mostly overpopulated, thus increasing
pressure on natural resources. On the
top of it, the world is caught in the
web of climate change, which is
showing its menacing effect in the
different parts of the world. In fact,
the effects of global-warming are very
much here and visible, especially in
the hotter regions like arid and semi
arid zones of the world. In India,
because of failure of rains in many
parts of the country, the water scarcity
is emerging as the new adversary for
the country. The failure of rains leads
to the failure of crops, which in turn, is
forcing lot of Indian farmers to
commit suicide.
Due to overdraft of ground water, to
meet its excessive requirement for
wheat-paddy cropping system, the
water table has reduced drastically in
many states, especially in Punjab and
Haryana. In these states it has gone down from 10
meters to 25 meters in the last decade. Thus, there is
an urgent need to adopt all kinds of water
conservation techniques, like micro and drip
irrigation, use of laser levelers, planting of
permanently raised beds, direct seeding of paddy and
roof top rain harvesting. In fact, the Prime Minister of
India, knowing the gravity of the situation, has coined
this national slogan “Per Drop More Crop”, for water
conservation and its efficient use for crop and animal
husbandry.
Rangelands in semi arid zones are usually the basis
for livestock production system. However, as the
global livestock population is increasing steadily, this
is leading to the rangeland degradation. With water
being another limiting factor, the very sustainability of
the livestock production in these regions is in danger,
which is directly going to affect the survivability of
human population in these regions.
Just like food crops, even fodder crops need lot of
water for their cultivation. Seasonal and yearly
fluctuations of rainfall do severely reduce the
potential of crops such as maize and beans. Perennial
adapted crops are the best alternative to produce
Imag
e s
ou
rce: u
nru
lyg
ard
en
er
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19
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
food for humans and feed for
livestock. Today we have two
technologies for growing fodder in the
water scarcity areas, viz., “Hydroponics
Fodder” and “Spine-less Cactaii as
green Fodder”. While good
information is being dissipated on
hydroponics, there is also the need to
propagate the technology of Cactaii as
green fodder through information
diffusion.
In this scenario, spineless cactus,
more specifically Opantia and
Neopalea become the most important
crops for the 21st century. The
succulents have the consistency of
being thick, soft and juicy, and are so
adapted that in periods of drought
these are able to store water in their
tissues. These cactaii require least care
and can be cultivated in nurseries or
greenhouses too. Cactaii have the
potential to produce > 20 tones of
DM per hectare per year and provide
180 tones of fresh good quality water
stored in the Cladodes for livestock
(Dubeux et al, 2015). The productivity
is enough to produce forage to
sustain 5 adult cows per year. This
means a 60 fold increase over
rangeland productivity. The potential
of this Cactus, however, is still unexploited. Just less than
0.1% of the dryland area is covered so far under its
cultivation.
Under the National Dairy Plan, NDDB, Anand has taken up
the cultivation and the propagation of Cactaii in a big way in
the semi arid area of Gujrat state. The pictures show the
different stages of cultivation of the cactaii being undertaken
by the fodder experts from NDD under the transfer of
technology. of thorn . In fact, I am glad that one of my old
student's, Nihar Ranjan Gosh has been overlooking these
operations of transfer of technology of thorn-less cactus
cultivation with drip irrigation system on the farmers' field for
green fodder production. These operations are being
conducted in villages facing acute water shortage, due to
drought conditions in Banaskantha and Dahod districts of
Gujrat. Brazil has 500,00 to 600,000 ha of cultivated cactus,
mostly Opuntia and Neopalea.
Chemical composition of the average cactus plant
The cactus plant has a high water content, and is also high in
energy. However, It is low in CP as well as fibre. The
digestibility is moderate, varying from 65 -7
i) CP 3-7 %
ii) NDF 25-30 %
iii) Water soluble carbohydrates 45 – 55 %
iv) Digestibility 65- 70 %
Benefits of using Cactus plant
! It is a multipurpose crop and provides multiple benefits
to the society.
! It protects soil against erosion
! Provides green fodder for livestock. In Mexico, 3 million
hectares of native cactus is extensively used by the
population to feed livestock.
! Provides food for human beings, as fruits and
vegetables. In fact, Italy, Mexico and other Latin
American countries have cactus orchards in a big area.
! It has medicinal as well as cosmetics well. Cactaii based
industries are being developed in many Latin American
countries.
Conclusions
Spineless cactus could be a tremendous resource for semi
arid regions of the world, providing multiple benefits.
Establishing cactus might alleviate the pressure on
rangelands, thus, providing green fodder for livestock.
An excellent plant for the reclamation of rangelands
Last but not least, these cactaii have a high potential for
carbon capture, both above as well as below the soil.
* Adopted as an abridged version from the article by Jose C. B. Debeux
Jr., which appeared in “Feedipedia” recently ( April, 2016).
ARTICLE
INTERVIEW w
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Please share a brief about VICTAM, FIAAP & GRAPAS
Asia 2016.
What are the latest industrial trends driving the
Animal Feed industry worldwide? What is the
demand and scope of newer feed technologies in
Asia?
FIAAP, VICTAM & GRAPAS Asia 2016 has now become
the showpiece event the feed and grain industries of
Asia. This last event, held at BITEC in Bangkok, attracted
over 6000 industry executives from throughout South
and South East Asia and was the largest exhibition that
Victam has organized in Asia. It was also the 25th
Anniversary of the VICTAM show in Bangkok where it
was originally held in an hotel car park with about a
1000 visitors.
The latest trends within the feed industry have not really
changed much, they mainly comprise greater efficiency
within the milling process. So improved,
more reliable equipment, with greater
energy efficiency, easier and faster
changeover in the system so improving
productivity, safety, reliability and
traceability. Within the area of
ingredients or additives there seems to
be a trend to the use of alternative
ingredients and reducing the reliance
on traditional ingredients so giving the
formulator greater control and
improved options.
Victam is a small Dutch company that is
owned by the Victam Foundation which
Could you please elaborate on your
personal experiences of being
associated with VICTAM?
is a registered charity its objective is to
help and support the feed industry
worldwide. Working for Victam
International BV, which is a very small
company, has been a pleasure as well
as exciting with one or two crises on
the way, such as when we had to
postpone a show in the Netherlands
because there was Foot and Mouth
Disease in Europe. But you overcome
these obstacles and just get on with the
job.
This is an indication of how important
the industry has become and will be in
the future. Feed production has
increased because the Southeast Asian
economies are very strong and people
are wealthier and so they wish to eat
more meat and fish and seafood. You
need feed to sustain this growth.
Feed production in Southeast Asia
has been growing @ 7 percent
annually, which is highest in the
world. Your comments ?
Howdo you rate the journey of VICTAM Asia since its
inception in Bangkok, to its recently concluded 25th
edition?
How would the event like VICTAM play its distinct
role in supporting the feed industry, in view of the
upcoming challenges and opportunities visualized?
Where does Indian market stand as VICTAM/FIAAP
sees it, vis-à-vis other Asian countries?
It has been a lot of fun working with Victam, its hard
work organizing exhibitions and when the show finishes
you are left with an empty hall and so you have to start
all over again. The shows have grown in strength over
the 25 years but as soon as we started to bring local
Asian consultants in each country to assist us then the
shows grew in terms of visitors and exhibitors. It was
very important to their local knowledge and experience.
Victam events act as facilitators. We bring together the
suppliers of the technology, equipment and ingredients
with the feed producers. This is what we will continue to
do, Obviously where there are new challenges and new
developments we will try to address these in our show
and conference profiles and subjects.
We see India as extremely important within our events
and we think that as its prosperity continues so will its
influence and importance.
ICTAM, FIAAP & GRAPAS Asia has become a known brand name among Indian
grain & feed industry. The event has recently concluded its 25th edition in VBangkok, Thailand. In an e-interview with Andrew West from VICTAM International,
THINK GRAIN THINK FEED tried to understand organizer’s plan for growing Indian feed
market. Below are the excerpts:
INTERVIEW
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Please share a brief about VICTAM, FIAAP & GRAPAS
Asia 2016.
What are the latest industrial trends driving the
Animal Feed industry worldwide? What is the
demand and scope of newer feed technologies in
Asia?
FIAAP, VICTAM & GRAPAS Asia 2016 has now become
the showpiece event the feed and grain industries of
Asia. This last event, held at BITEC in Bangkok, attracted
over 6000 industry executives from throughout South
and South East Asia and was the largest exhibition that
Victam has organized in Asia. It was also the 25th
Anniversary of the VICTAM show in Bangkok where it
was originally held in an hotel car park with about a
1000 visitors.
The latest trends within the feed industry have not really
changed much, they mainly comprise greater efficiency
within the milling process. So improved,
more reliable equipment, with greater
energy efficiency, easier and faster
changeover in the system so improving
productivity, safety, reliability and
traceability. Within the area of
ingredients or additives there seems to
be a trend to the use of alternative
ingredients and reducing the reliance
on traditional ingredients so giving the
formulator greater control and
improved options.
Victam is a small Dutch company that is
owned by the Victam Foundation which
Could you please elaborate on your
personal experiences of being
associated with VICTAM?
is a registered charity its objective is to
help and support the feed industry
worldwide. Working for Victam
International BV, which is a very small
company, has been a pleasure as well
as exciting with one or two crises on
the way, such as when we had to
postpone a show in the Netherlands
because there was Foot and Mouth
Disease in Europe. But you overcome
these obstacles and just get on with the
job.
This is an indication of how important
the industry has become and will be in
the future. Feed production has
increased because the Southeast Asian
economies are very strong and people
are wealthier and so they wish to eat
more meat and fish and seafood. You
need feed to sustain this growth.
Feed production in Southeast Asia
has been growing @ 7 percent
annually, which is highest in the
world. Your comments ?
Howdo you rate the journey of VICTAM Asia since its
inception in Bangkok, to its recently concluded 25th
edition?
How would the event like VICTAM play its distinct
role in supporting the feed industry, in view of the
upcoming challenges and opportunities visualized?
Where does Indian market stand as VICTAM/FIAAP
sees it, vis-à-vis other Asian countries?
It has been a lot of fun working with Victam, its hard
work organizing exhibitions and when the show finishes
you are left with an empty hall and so you have to start
all over again. The shows have grown in strength over
the 25 years but as soon as we started to bring local
Asian consultants in each country to assist us then the
shows grew in terms of visitors and exhibitors. It was
very important to their local knowledge and experience.
Victam events act as facilitators. We bring together the
suppliers of the technology, equipment and ingredients
with the feed producers. This is what we will continue to
do, Obviously where there are new challenges and new
developments we will try to address these in our show
and conference profiles and subjects.
We see India as extremely important within our events
and we think that as its prosperity continues so will its
influence and importance.
ICTAM, FIAAP & GRAPAS Asia has become a known brand name among Indian
grain & feed industry. The event has recently concluded its 25th edition in VBangkok, Thailand. In an e-interview with Andrew West from VICTAM International,
THINK GRAIN THINK FEED tried to understand organizer’s plan for growing Indian feed
market. Below are the excerpts:
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016INDUSTRY NEWS
India can double its maize
production to 50 million tonnes (MT)
by 2025 to meet the rising domestic
demand of the crop, Agriculture
Minister Radha Mohan Singh said
during India Maize Summit 2016
jointly organized by commodity
exchange NCDEX and industry body
FICCI.
In spite of the drought last year, the
maize production stood at 24.17 MT in
2014-15, Singh said adding this
signifies the resilience of maize
cultivation against climatic variability.
About 64 per cent of the total maize
production is used for poultry feed,
followed by 16 per cent for human
consumption, 19 per cent for
industrial starch and beverage and 1
per cent for seed.
Keeping in view the recent interest of
urban consumers especially in
specialty corn, like sweet corn, baby
corn, popcorn, etc, it is expected that
demand for maize as food may rise to
2 MT by 2025, Singh said.
"By 2025, India will require 50 MT
maize for domestic consumption, of
which 32 MT for feed, 15 MT for
industrial sector, 2 MT as food and 1
MT for seed. Thus doubling India
maize production would be an
opportunity and it can be achieved,"
Singh said while addressing India
Maize Summit 2016.
The Minister said that in order to
explore maximum uses of the crop,
the maize-based industry needs to be
promoted in a big way and special
incentives need to be given for the
cultivation of baby corn, popcorn,
sweet corn, multigrain flour etc.
The quality protein maize (QPM)
provides nutrient security to even
remote areas of the country and
programmes are needed to stress
emphasis on the QPM, Singh said
adding that special incentives should
be provided to the private companies
so that they can provide improved
seed to remote areas like north
eastern region. Mr. Vijay Sardana,
Poultry Federation of India presented
the challenges faced by Indian Poultry
Industry. “60 per cent of total corn
production is consumed by Poultry
industry and increasing in MSP for
corn would negatively impact the
poultry industry. The pricing policy
should be reconsidered,” he stated.
Source: Economics Times
India can reach 50 million tones maize output by 2025
Of the 1,375 samples of minerals, premix
and complete feeds from 16 Asia-Pacific
countries submitted for testing in the
2016 Alltech Asia-Pacific Heavy Metal
Survey, 20 percent were found to have
contamination levels exceeding EU
allowable limits for heavy metal
contamination of arsenic, cadmium and
lead. This is the 6th year Alltech has
conducted the survey in the Asia-Pacific
region.
“The results from this year's survey were
consistent with the results from the last
five years,” said Tara Jarman, Alltech Asia-
Pacific mineral manager. “We have now
analysed more than 3500 samples and
our results continue to show that, on
average, 20 per cent of materials are
contaminated with these heavy metals.”
Results from the 2016 survey also
indicated that 28 per cent of more than
500 complete feed samples tested were
contaminated with heavy metal. “The contamination of
complete feed shown in this year's survey is alarming,”
said Jarman. “This is a strong indication that what we're
ultimately feeding our animals is posing an ongoing risk
to both animals and humans.”
The 2016 Alltech Asia-Pacific Heavy Metal Survey
highlighted the ongoing risk of contamination across a
variety of materials, including inorganic trace mineral
sources. Extremely high levels were seen in some mineral
samples. Cadmium, a known carcinogen for humans, was
detected at levels as high as 16,579 ppm in a zinc
sulphate sample, whereas the acceptable EU limit is just
10 ppm.
“As we've seen in previous surveys, cadmium continues to
be the main contaminant, which is likely attributed to the
processes involved in the mining and manufacturing of
inorganic mineral sources,” said Jarman. “We must ensure
we have quality systems in place to ensure security
throughout the food chain.”
Feed samples from Asia-Pacific contaminated with heavy metals
Inorganic mineral
Organic mineral
Premix Complete feed
18%
5%
12%
28%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014-15 2015-16
21% 19% 19%
10%
30%
20%
Contamination Percentage
Survey trend in Asia over years
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016INDUSTRY NEWS
India can double its maize
production to 50 million tonnes (MT)
by 2025 to meet the rising domestic
demand of the crop, Agriculture
Minister Radha Mohan Singh said
during India Maize Summit 2016
jointly organized by commodity
exchange NCDEX and industry body
FICCI.
In spite of the drought last year, the
maize production stood at 24.17 MT in
2014-15, Singh said adding this
signifies the resilience of maize
cultivation against climatic variability.
About 64 per cent of the total maize
production is used for poultry feed,
followed by 16 per cent for human
consumption, 19 per cent for
industrial starch and beverage and 1
per cent for seed.
Keeping in view the recent interest of
urban consumers especially in
specialty corn, like sweet corn, baby
corn, popcorn, etc, it is expected that
demand for maize as food may rise to
2 MT by 2025, Singh said.
"By 2025, India will require 50 MT
maize for domestic consumption, of
which 32 MT for feed, 15 MT for
industrial sector, 2 MT as food and 1
MT for seed. Thus doubling India
maize production would be an
opportunity and it can be achieved,"
Singh said while addressing India
Maize Summit 2016.
The Minister said that in order to
explore maximum uses of the crop,
the maize-based industry needs to be
promoted in a big way and special
incentives need to be given for the
cultivation of baby corn, popcorn,
sweet corn, multigrain flour etc.
The quality protein maize (QPM)
provides nutrient security to even
remote areas of the country and
programmes are needed to stress
emphasis on the QPM, Singh said
adding that special incentives should
be provided to the private companies
so that they can provide improved
seed to remote areas like north
eastern region. Mr. Vijay Sardana,
Poultry Federation of India presented
the challenges faced by Indian Poultry
Industry. “60 per cent of total corn
production is consumed by Poultry
industry and increasing in MSP for
corn would negatively impact the
poultry industry. The pricing policy
should be reconsidered,” he stated.
Source: Economics Times
India can reach 50 million tones maize output by 2025
Of the 1,375 samples of minerals, premix
and complete feeds from 16 Asia-Pacific
countries submitted for testing in the
2016 Alltech Asia-Pacific Heavy Metal
Survey, 20 percent were found to have
contamination levels exceeding EU
allowable limits for heavy metal
contamination of arsenic, cadmium and
lead. This is the 6th year Alltech has
conducted the survey in the Asia-Pacific
region.
“The results from this year's survey were
consistent with the results from the last
five years,” said Tara Jarman, Alltech Asia-
Pacific mineral manager. “We have now
analysed more than 3500 samples and
our results continue to show that, on
average, 20 per cent of materials are
contaminated with these heavy metals.”
Results from the 2016 survey also
indicated that 28 per cent of more than
500 complete feed samples tested were
contaminated with heavy metal. “The contamination of
complete feed shown in this year's survey is alarming,”
said Jarman. “This is a strong indication that what we're
ultimately feeding our animals is posing an ongoing risk
to both animals and humans.”
The 2016 Alltech Asia-Pacific Heavy Metal Survey
highlighted the ongoing risk of contamination across a
variety of materials, including inorganic trace mineral
sources. Extremely high levels were seen in some mineral
samples. Cadmium, a known carcinogen for humans, was
detected at levels as high as 16,579 ppm in a zinc
sulphate sample, whereas the acceptable EU limit is just
10 ppm.
“As we've seen in previous surveys, cadmium continues to
be the main contaminant, which is likely attributed to the
processes involved in the mining and manufacturing of
inorganic mineral sources,” said Jarman. “We must ensure
we have quality systems in place to ensure security
throughout the food chain.”
Feed samples from Asia-Pacific contaminated with heavy metals
Inorganic mineral
Organic mineral
Premix Complete feed
18%
5%
12%
28%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014-15 2015-16
21% 19% 19%
10%
30%
20%
Contamination Percentage
Survey trend in Asia over years
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
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ARTICLE Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Influence of feed and nutrients on Coccidiosis infection
Dr.Yasir Bashir, Kemin
Introduction
Adequate supply of finely balanced
dietary nutrients is essential for
optimal growth of modern fast
growing meat birds owing to their high
genetic potential. All the critical
nutrients must be supplied in feed to
maintain this genetic potential. As per
the recommendations of National
Research Council, Poultry diets are
mostly a mixture of ingredients like
cereal grains, soybean meal, animal by-
product meal, fats, vitamins and
mineral premixes. Together with water,
these compounds deliver proteins,
amino acids, carbohydrates, fats,
minerals, vitamins and energy that the
birds need to grow, reproduce and stay
healthy. However complete utilization
of these nutrients requires a fully
capable and functional intestinal
system or gut. Alteration in the
functional capabilities of the gut in
poultry is associated with number of
infectious and parasitic diseases
ofwhich coccidiosis are probably one of
the most intensively studied.
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease
affecting mainly the intestinal tract and
caused by several species of a protozoa
Eimeria. They invade and destroy the
intestinal epithelium of chickens, and
as a consequence, infected birds
display reduced feed intake, have
bloody diarrhea, and have reduced
weight gains and mortality. Worldwide
the annual costs inflicted by coccidiosis
to commercial poultry have been
estimated at € 2 billion, stressing the
urgent need for more efficient
strategies to control the parasite.
Various feed components and physical
form of the feed seem to influence Eimeria parasites
thereby coccidial infection. Essential nutrients including
all macronutrients and micronutrients have been
examined for their potential use as dietary supplements
for coccidiosis control. Some of these nutrients have a
direct beneficial effect on the development of parasite
within the host and are in fact coccidiosis promoting
compounds. Alternatively some nutrients actively
enhance the host's resistance against Eimeria by
stimulating the immune system, thus decreasing the
pathological effects of a coccidiosis infection.
1. Feed Texture
The size of various ingredients comprising feed largely
determine the feed structure or texture which in turn
primarily depend upon the presence of cereals and the
extent to which they have been ground during the
milling procedure. Processing of feed into pellet or
crumb at the factory may further decrease the average
particle size of poultry feedstuffs. The physical texture
of feed influences the development of intestinal tract,
gizzard, secretion of enzymes and development of gut
flora. Presence of fine particles in feed has a strong
inhibiting effect on the contraction and reflux activity of
the intestine and its development in comparison to
coarse feed with large particle size. Some workers
concluded that birds housed in cages supplied with
whole cereals up to 60-70% and high protein
concentrations (40%) in their diet, showed reduced
oocyst shedding and mortality most prominently for E.
tenellabut also E. acervulinaand E. maxima in a mixed
coccidiosis infection model. Heavier gizzards as well as
lower pH in the intestines were found in the study. It
was hypothesized that the mechanical function of the
better developed gizzards will have destroyed more
oocysts, while the lower pH results in a more hostile
environment for excysted sporozoites, thus mitigating
the coccidiosis infection. However, there are studies
which have shown contrasting results. So the effect of
the texture on the course of coccidiosis infectionneeds
to be explored further.
2. Feed Management
Feed restriction is frequently applied to
commercial poultry, especially breeding
broilers in order to control growth.
Feed control has been shown to have
an inhibiting effect on E.
tenellainfections. This process possibly
improves the immune response, after
the initial stress induced by restricted
feeding has disappeared. Another
explanation for the greater resistance of
feed restricted birds is the lower
production of trypsin, which
contributes to excystation of
sporozoites in this chicken.
3. Feed Composition
In addition to feed texture, particular
nutrients or feed ingredients may have
a direct effect on the Eimeria parasite
by influencing certain stages of its life
cycle, while other components may
modulate indirectly a coccidiosis
infection by enhancing the immune
response or improving the recovery
after infection.
Feed Grains
Today's poultry diet consists of corn or wheat as main
energy source. Beneficial effect of a corn based diet on a
coccidiosis infection is observed especiallyin E.
tenellaand E. acervulinainfected broilers fed corn when
compared to wheat. This different effect on a coccidiosis
infection is possibly connected to variances in their
micro nutritive constituents, while corn is rich in vitamin
A and E that may boost the immune response, wheat
contains about twice as much niacin and riboflavin,
which are beneficial to the parasite. Moreover, a wheat-
based diet may also alter the intestinal flora favoring the
development of parasite.
Carbohydrates
The primary source of metabolizable energy of the birds
is carbohydrates which can influence the intestinal
microbial activity depending upon the type of
carbohydrate. Carbohydrates have been investigated
frequently for their influence on a coccidiosis infection;
most attention has been given to the non-digestible
carbohydrates (i.e. NSP). Increased saccharide content of
the diet, has negative effect on growth of birds while the
oocyst excretion is enhanced. These effects are
attributed to modification of the intestinal flora by high
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
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ARTICLE Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
Influence of feed and nutrients on Coccidiosis infection
Dr.Yasir Bashir, Kemin
Introduction
Adequate supply of finely balanced
dietary nutrients is essential for
optimal growth of modern fast
growing meat birds owing to their high
genetic potential. All the critical
nutrients must be supplied in feed to
maintain this genetic potential. As per
the recommendations of National
Research Council, Poultry diets are
mostly a mixture of ingredients like
cereal grains, soybean meal, animal by-
product meal, fats, vitamins and
mineral premixes. Together with water,
these compounds deliver proteins,
amino acids, carbohydrates, fats,
minerals, vitamins and energy that the
birds need to grow, reproduce and stay
healthy. However complete utilization
of these nutrients requires a fully
capable and functional intestinal
system or gut. Alteration in the
functional capabilities of the gut in
poultry is associated with number of
infectious and parasitic diseases
ofwhich coccidiosis are probably one of
the most intensively studied.
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease
affecting mainly the intestinal tract and
caused by several species of a protozoa
Eimeria. They invade and destroy the
intestinal epithelium of chickens, and
as a consequence, infected birds
display reduced feed intake, have
bloody diarrhea, and have reduced
weight gains and mortality. Worldwide
the annual costs inflicted by coccidiosis
to commercial poultry have been
estimated at € 2 billion, stressing the
urgent need for more efficient
strategies to control the parasite.
Various feed components and physical
form of the feed seem to influence Eimeria parasites
thereby coccidial infection. Essential nutrients including
all macronutrients and micronutrients have been
examined for their potential use as dietary supplements
for coccidiosis control. Some of these nutrients have a
direct beneficial effect on the development of parasite
within the host and are in fact coccidiosis promoting
compounds. Alternatively some nutrients actively
enhance the host's resistance against Eimeria by
stimulating the immune system, thus decreasing the
pathological effects of a coccidiosis infection.
1. Feed Texture
The size of various ingredients comprising feed largely
determine the feed structure or texture which in turn
primarily depend upon the presence of cereals and the
extent to which they have been ground during the
milling procedure. Processing of feed into pellet or
crumb at the factory may further decrease the average
particle size of poultry feedstuffs. The physical texture
of feed influences the development of intestinal tract,
gizzard, secretion of enzymes and development of gut
flora. Presence of fine particles in feed has a strong
inhibiting effect on the contraction and reflux activity of
the intestine and its development in comparison to
coarse feed with large particle size. Some workers
concluded that birds housed in cages supplied with
whole cereals up to 60-70% and high protein
concentrations (40%) in their diet, showed reduced
oocyst shedding and mortality most prominently for E.
tenellabut also E. acervulinaand E. maxima in a mixed
coccidiosis infection model. Heavier gizzards as well as
lower pH in the intestines were found in the study. It
was hypothesized that the mechanical function of the
better developed gizzards will have destroyed more
oocysts, while the lower pH results in a more hostile
environment for excysted sporozoites, thus mitigating
the coccidiosis infection. However, there are studies
which have shown contrasting results. So the effect of
the texture on the course of coccidiosis infectionneeds
to be explored further.
2. Feed Management
Feed restriction is frequently applied to
commercial poultry, especially breeding
broilers in order to control growth.
Feed control has been shown to have
an inhibiting effect on E.
tenellainfections. This process possibly
improves the immune response, after
the initial stress induced by restricted
feeding has disappeared. Another
explanation for the greater resistance of
feed restricted birds is the lower
production of trypsin, which
contributes to excystation of
sporozoites in this chicken.
3. Feed Composition
In addition to feed texture, particular
nutrients or feed ingredients may have
a direct effect on the Eimeria parasite
by influencing certain stages of its life
cycle, while other components may
modulate indirectly a coccidiosis
infection by enhancing the immune
response or improving the recovery
after infection.
Feed Grains
Today's poultry diet consists of corn or wheat as main
energy source. Beneficial effect of a corn based diet on a
coccidiosis infection is observed especiallyin E.
tenellaand E. acervulinainfected broilers fed corn when
compared to wheat. This different effect on a coccidiosis
infection is possibly connected to variances in their
micro nutritive constituents, while corn is rich in vitamin
A and E that may boost the immune response, wheat
contains about twice as much niacin and riboflavin,
which are beneficial to the parasite. Moreover, a wheat-
based diet may also alter the intestinal flora favoring the
development of parasite.
Carbohydrates
The primary source of metabolizable energy of the birds
is carbohydrates which can influence the intestinal
microbial activity depending upon the type of
carbohydrate. Carbohydrates have been investigated
frequently for their influence on a coccidiosis infection;
most attention has been given to the non-digestible
carbohydrates (i.e. NSP). Increased saccharide content of
the diet, has negative effect on growth of birds while the
oocyst excretion is enhanced. These effects are
attributed to modification of the intestinal flora by high
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
saccharide content of the diet. NSP's
are polysaccharides that cannot be
degraded by endogenous enzymes and
therefore reach the colon almost
indigested where they are fermented by
microbes. The increased intestinal
viscosity produced by NSP could favor
the development of coccidiosis. The
coccidiosis promoting effect may be
lowered by enzymes that reduce
viscosity like pentosanases.
Proteins
Effect of variable concentration of feed
protein content on coccidiosis has been
evaluated by various authors. Low levels
of dietary protein (≤ 13%), which are
unfavorable for growth performance,
seem to diminish coccidiosis mortality,
oocyst shedding and coccidiosis lesions.
This is attributed to a reduction of
trypsin activity in the small intestine,
thereby limiting sporozoite excystation
and subsequent parasite invasion. High
dietary protein may also favor bacterial
growth in the intestines and enhances
the development of coccidiosis lesions
due to E. tenella. Raw soybeans as
protein source have a protective effect
against coccidiosis-induced growth
retardation and lesions scores by
several Eimeriaspp., attributed to
protease inhibitors limiting excystation.
Lipids
Lipids are important in poultry feed as
concentrated source of energy, which
are essential components of cellular
and subcellular membranes. The effect
of lipid on coccidiosis infection is
dependent upon the composition of
fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids
seem to promote clinical and
pathological signs of coccidiosis when
compared to saturated fatty acids.
Chickens fed diets enriched with
coconut oil, composed of medium
chain saturated fatty acids, showed
better performance after an E.
acervulina infection than those birds
given soy oil (unsaturated fatty acids).
Essential fatty acids
Essential fatty acids (EFAs) must be
obtained from diet as they cannot be
synthesized from other components by
almost all land animals. There are two
families of EFAs: ù-3 (omega-3 or n-3
or á-linolenic acid) and ù-6 (omega-6,
n-6 or linoleic acid). EFA ù-3 belonging
to the family of polyunsaturated fatty
acids can be found abundantly in fish
oil, flaxseed oil and whole flaxseed
which can be supplemented to the
feed. In E. tenellainfection experiments,
lesion scores and growth retardation
were significantly reduced in birds
supplemented with 2.5, 5 and 10% fish
oil and 10% flaxseed oil compared to
unsupplemented diets. The beneficial
effect of ù-3 fatty acids was explained
by the retarded development of E.
tenella and ultrastructural changes of
both asexual and sexual stages induced
by these compounds. These results are
consistent with reports on the influence
of ù-3 fatty acids on other parasites
and suggest that a state of oxidative
stress is created which is harmful to the
parasite.
Minerals
Dietary minerals form the inorganic
part of poultry feed and are needed to
maintain the osmotic balance, as co-
factors for enzymes, for cellular activity
and skeleton physiology. High dietary
calcium concentrations (approximately
2% or higher) exceeding the optimum
required in a poultry diet, consistently
had a negative influence on the
outcome of coccidiosis infections with
both E. tenellaand E. acervulina. The
stimulation of trypsin (important in
excystation) by calcium, may explain
the coccidiosis enhancing effect of high
dietary calcium. In terms of micro
minerals, zinc and copper have a
positive effect on the growth and
weight gain of chickens infected with E.
acervulina and E. tenella. Selenium also
improves the immunity against
coccidiosis caused by E.tenella;
moreover it reduces mortality and
ARTICLE increases body weight in challenged
birds.
Vitamins
Vitamins are bio-molecules, which are
involved in chemical reactions as
catalysts or as substrates. A number of
vitamins like, biotin, thiamine, nicotinic
acid, folic acid and riboflavin are known
to be necessary for the complete
development of parasite within the
host. Vitamin A has a positive effect on
the growth performance, reduction in
mortality and oocyst excretion in E.
acervulinaor E. tenellainfected chickens.
High doses of vitamin D enhance E.
tenellacoccidiosis due to its immune
suppressive properties. Adding ã-
tocopherol to the diet at a concentration
of 8 ppm to chickens infected with E.
maxima improved the weight gain and
reduced the amount of lesions, and
oocyst excretion. Vitamin K is
characterized by its coagulation
promoting properties and its
supplementation reduced mortality
induced by an E. necatrix and E.
tenellainfection, which are associated
with blood loss, but no effect was
found on growth, blood losses in faeces
and hematocrit. The B-vitamins are
essential for the development of
Eimeria parasites and explains the
coccidiosis enhancing effect of some of
them. Hence, many anticoccidial drugs
are antagonists of analogues of one or
more representatives of the vitamin B
complex. Vitamin C is an antioxidant,
which stabilizes membranes and could
therefore be beneficial in coccidiosis.
Although there are many studies
concerning the effect of diet form and
composition on Eimeria parasites, more
research is needed in this sphere and
any control of coccidiosis in future is
unlikely to be achieved solely through
feed composition or management and
further to that usage of anti-coccidial
drugs in feed will be a prime factor in
devising any absolute control strategy.
References upon request
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Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
saccharide content of the diet. NSP's
are polysaccharides that cannot be
degraded by endogenous enzymes and
therefore reach the colon almost
indigested where they are fermented by
microbes. The increased intestinal
viscosity produced by NSP could favor
the development of coccidiosis. The
coccidiosis promoting effect may be
lowered by enzymes that reduce
viscosity like pentosanases.
Proteins
Effect of variable concentration of feed
protein content on coccidiosis has been
evaluated by various authors. Low levels
of dietary protein (≤ 13%), which are
unfavorable for growth performance,
seem to diminish coccidiosis mortality,
oocyst shedding and coccidiosis lesions.
This is attributed to a reduction of
trypsin activity in the small intestine,
thereby limiting sporozoite excystation
and subsequent parasite invasion. High
dietary protein may also favor bacterial
growth in the intestines and enhances
the development of coccidiosis lesions
due to E. tenella. Raw soybeans as
protein source have a protective effect
against coccidiosis-induced growth
retardation and lesions scores by
several Eimeriaspp., attributed to
protease inhibitors limiting excystation.
Lipids
Lipids are important in poultry feed as
concentrated source of energy, which
are essential components of cellular
and subcellular membranes. The effect
of lipid on coccidiosis infection is
dependent upon the composition of
fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids
seem to promote clinical and
pathological signs of coccidiosis when
compared to saturated fatty acids.
Chickens fed diets enriched with
coconut oil, composed of medium
chain saturated fatty acids, showed
better performance after an E.
acervulina infection than those birds
given soy oil (unsaturated fatty acids).
Essential fatty acids
Essential fatty acids (EFAs) must be
obtained from diet as they cannot be
synthesized from other components by
almost all land animals. There are two
families of EFAs: ù-3 (omega-3 or n-3
or á-linolenic acid) and ù-6 (omega-6,
n-6 or linoleic acid). EFA ù-3 belonging
to the family of polyunsaturated fatty
acids can be found abundantly in fish
oil, flaxseed oil and whole flaxseed
which can be supplemented to the
feed. In E. tenellainfection experiments,
lesion scores and growth retardation
were significantly reduced in birds
supplemented with 2.5, 5 and 10% fish
oil and 10% flaxseed oil compared to
unsupplemented diets. The beneficial
effect of ù-3 fatty acids was explained
by the retarded development of E.
tenella and ultrastructural changes of
both asexual and sexual stages induced
by these compounds. These results are
consistent with reports on the influence
of ù-3 fatty acids on other parasites
and suggest that a state of oxidative
stress is created which is harmful to the
parasite.
Minerals
Dietary minerals form the inorganic
part of poultry feed and are needed to
maintain the osmotic balance, as co-
factors for enzymes, for cellular activity
and skeleton physiology. High dietary
calcium concentrations (approximately
2% or higher) exceeding the optimum
required in a poultry diet, consistently
had a negative influence on the
outcome of coccidiosis infections with
both E. tenellaand E. acervulina. The
stimulation of trypsin (important in
excystation) by calcium, may explain
the coccidiosis enhancing effect of high
dietary calcium. In terms of micro
minerals, zinc and copper have a
positive effect on the growth and
weight gain of chickens infected with E.
acervulina and E. tenella. Selenium also
improves the immunity against
coccidiosis caused by E.tenella;
moreover it reduces mortality and
ARTICLE increases body weight in challenged
birds.
Vitamins
Vitamins are bio-molecules, which are
involved in chemical reactions as
catalysts or as substrates. A number of
vitamins like, biotin, thiamine, nicotinic
acid, folic acid and riboflavin are known
to be necessary for the complete
development of parasite within the
host. Vitamin A has a positive effect on
the growth performance, reduction in
mortality and oocyst excretion in E.
acervulinaor E. tenellainfected chickens.
High doses of vitamin D enhance E.
tenellacoccidiosis due to its immune
suppressive properties. Adding ã-
tocopherol to the diet at a concentration
of 8 ppm to chickens infected with E.
maxima improved the weight gain and
reduced the amount of lesions, and
oocyst excretion. Vitamin K is
characterized by its coagulation
promoting properties and its
supplementation reduced mortality
induced by an E. necatrix and E.
tenellainfection, which are associated
with blood loss, but no effect was
found on growth, blood losses in faeces
and hematocrit. The B-vitamins are
essential for the development of
Eimeria parasites and explains the
coccidiosis enhancing effect of some of
them. Hence, many anticoccidial drugs
are antagonists of analogues of one or
more representatives of the vitamin B
complex. Vitamin C is an antioxidant,
which stabilizes membranes and could
therefore be beneficial in coccidiosis.
Although there are many studies
concerning the effect of diet form and
composition on Eimeria parasites, more
research is needed in this sphere and
any control of coccidiosis in future is
unlikely to be achieved solely through
feed composition or management and
further to that usage of anti-coccidial
drugs in feed will be a prime factor in
devising any absolute control strategy.
References upon request
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EVENT COVERAGE Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
2016 World Mycotoxin Forum
addressed “Mycotoxins in a changing
world” and the discussion revolve
around undeniable impact climate
change on mycotoxin contamination in
the global food and feed supply.
In coming years, Grain producers may
need to adjust according to changing
climate how they plant, what they plant
and when. Warmer weather will
increase infestations and result in
increased use of pesticides and
fungicides. The representatives from
European stakeholder agencies
reported, climate change is likely to
increase the prevalence of mycotoxins
in many countries – affecting animal
and human health, feed and food
quality, and global trade.
“All of us know the temperature is
increasing and this means there will be
more incidents of mycotoxin
contamination in certain areas,” said Dr.
Mari Eskola, science officer on the
biological hazards and contaminants
team with the European Food Safety
Authority (EFSA).
She also pointed that new mycotoxins
may emerge and appear in regions
where they had not commonly been
found before, and the food supply
chain will encounter more modified
mycotoxins and an increase in co-
occurrences – defined as more than
one type of mycotoxin working
together to create adverse health effects.
“Climate change is one of the key emerging issues – not
just with mycotoxins – but with risk exposure in general,”
said Dr. Vittorio Fattori, Food & Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations (FAO) and FAO/WHO Joint Expert
Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).
On this note, the number of speakers suggested that
food shortages may be caused by high levels of
mycotoxin contamination in different parts of the world.
And, in areas where high levels are consumed, there will
be an increase in certain types of cancer, chronic
illnesses and long-lasting impacts on the development
of children. In food-producing animals, farmers will
experience lost productivity and more mycotoxin-related
deaths.
Beyond implications for food and feed safety, increased
mycotoxin contamination will also take a tremendous
toll on the economies of the most impacted countries,
specifically as it relates to their ability to export
commodities to markets with low mycotoxin thresholds.
“In the perfect scenario, maximum levels are set so they
are protecting public health, but also achievable through
good management practices,” said Frans Verstraete,
M.Sc., directorate general of health & food safety
European Commission (EC), the agency responsible for
setting maximum levels (ML) for mycotoxins in the EU.
“However, the last few years we have been comforted
situations where extreme weather conditions made it
impossible to achieve the threshold even with good
practices.”
In Africa, for example, $670 million in trade is lost due to
mycotoxin levels consistently exceeding the maximum
levels of export countries, reported Ranajit
Bandyopadhyay with the African Union Commission.
Building off research conducted in 2003, an updated
USDA economic research report suggests the impact of
revenue lost to mycotoxins will increase in the short
term and the effects of climate change will likely push
these losses higher in the future.
The 2016 World Mycotoxin Forum, a bienniel joint
meeting of The World Mycotoxin Forum and IUPAC
International Symposium on Mycotoxins, was held in
Winnipeg, Canada, June 6-9. The conference drew more
than 400 international attendees.
2016 World Mycotoxin Forum focused on impacts of Climate change on mycotoxin contamination
Imag
e s
ou
rce: h
ealt
h2016.g
lob
alc
han
ge
ww
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inth
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o.in
28
EVENT COVERAGE Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016
2016 World Mycotoxin Forum
addressed “Mycotoxins in a changing
world” and the discussion revolve
around undeniable impact climate
change on mycotoxin contamination in
the global food and feed supply.
In coming years, Grain producers may
need to adjust according to changing
climate how they plant, what they plant
and when. Warmer weather will
increase infestations and result in
increased use of pesticides and
fungicides. The representatives from
European stakeholder agencies
reported, climate change is likely to
increase the prevalence of mycotoxins
in many countries – affecting animal
and human health, feed and food
quality, and global trade.
“All of us know the temperature is
increasing and this means there will be
more incidents of mycotoxin
contamination in certain areas,” said Dr.
Mari Eskola, science officer on the
biological hazards and contaminants
team with the European Food Safety
Authority (EFSA).
She also pointed that new mycotoxins
may emerge and appear in regions
where they had not commonly been
found before, and the food supply
chain will encounter more modified
mycotoxins and an increase in co-
occurrences – defined as more than
one type of mycotoxin working
together to create adverse health effects.
“Climate change is one of the key emerging issues – not
just with mycotoxins – but with risk exposure in general,”
said Dr. Vittorio Fattori, Food & Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations (FAO) and FAO/WHO Joint Expert
Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).
On this note, the number of speakers suggested that
food shortages may be caused by high levels of
mycotoxin contamination in different parts of the world.
And, in areas where high levels are consumed, there will
be an increase in certain types of cancer, chronic
illnesses and long-lasting impacts on the development
of children. In food-producing animals, farmers will
experience lost productivity and more mycotoxin-related
deaths.
Beyond implications for food and feed safety, increased
mycotoxin contamination will also take a tremendous
toll on the economies of the most impacted countries,
specifically as it relates to their ability to export
commodities to markets with low mycotoxin thresholds.
“In the perfect scenario, maximum levels are set so they
are protecting public health, but also achievable through
good management practices,” said Frans Verstraete,
M.Sc., directorate general of health & food safety
European Commission (EC), the agency responsible for
setting maximum levels (ML) for mycotoxins in the EU.
“However, the last few years we have been comforted
situations where extreme weather conditions made it
impossible to achieve the threshold even with good
practices.”
In Africa, for example, $670 million in trade is lost due to
mycotoxin levels consistently exceeding the maximum
levels of export countries, reported Ranajit
Bandyopadhyay with the African Union Commission.
Building off research conducted in 2003, an updated
USDA economic research report suggests the impact of
revenue lost to mycotoxins will increase in the short
term and the effects of climate change will likely push
these losses higher in the future.
The 2016 World Mycotoxin Forum, a bienniel joint
meeting of The World Mycotoxin Forum and IUPAC
International Symposium on Mycotoxins, was held in
Winnipeg, Canada, June 6-9. The conference drew more
than 400 international attendees.
2016 World Mycotoxin Forum focused on impacts of Climate change on mycotoxin contamination
Imag
e s
ou
rce: h
ealt
h2016.g
lob
alc
han
ge
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016CALENDAR OF EVENTS w
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30
2016
To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at
AGRENA 2016
Date: 6-8 October 2016
Venue: Cairo International Conference Center, Egypt
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.agrena.net
Layer Feed Quality Conference
Date: 17-18 October 2016
Venue: Jakarta, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.asian-agribiz.com
Vietstock
Date: 19-21 October 2016
Venue: Saigon Exhibition & Convention Center (SECC,
HCMC, Vietnam
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.vietstock.org
OCTOBER
Oilseed and Grain Trade Summit
Date: 14-16 November 2016
Venue: Hyatt Regency, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.oilseedandgrain.com
EuroTier
Date: 15-18 November 2016
Venue: Hanover, Germany
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.eurotier.com
Poultry India
Date: 23-25 November 2016
Venue: HITEX, Exhibition Centre, Hyderabad, India
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.poultryindia.co.in
NOVEMBER
CLFMA Symposium
Date: 2-3 September 2016
Venue: Kolkata, India
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.clfmaofindia.org
VIV China
Date: 6-8 September 2016
Venue: Shunyi District Beijing, China
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.vivchina.nl
SPACE
Date: 13-16 September 2016
Venue: Rennes Exhibition Centre, France
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
SEPTEMBER
2nd International Conference on Livestock
Nutrition
Date: 21-22 July 2016
Venue: Brisbane, Australia
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.livestocknutrition.conferenceseries.com
Indo Livestock 2016 Expo & Forum
Date: 27-29 July 2016
Venue: Jakarta Convention Center - Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.indolivestock.com
JULY
Broiler Feed Quality Conference
Date: 18-19 August 2016
Venue: Bangkok, Thailand
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.asian-agribiz.com
GrainTech India
Date: 26-28 August 2016
Venue: Bangalore International Exhibition Centre
(BIEC), Bangalore, India
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.graintechindia.com
AUGUST
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 8 | June 2016CALENDAR OF EVENTS
ww
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d.c
o.in
30
2016
To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at
AGRENA 2016
Date: 6-8 October 2016
Venue: Cairo International Conference Center, Egypt
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.agrena.net
Layer Feed Quality Conference
Date: 17-18 October 2016
Venue: Jakarta, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.asian-agribiz.com
Vietstock
Date: 19-21 October 2016
Venue: Saigon Exhibition & Convention Center (SECC,
HCMC, Vietnam
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.vietstock.org
OCTOBER
Oilseed and Grain Trade Summit
Date: 14-16 November 2016
Venue: Hyatt Regency, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.oilseedandgrain.com
EuroTier
Date: 15-18 November 2016
Venue: Hanover, Germany
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.eurotier.com
Poultry India
Date: 23-25 November 2016
Venue: HITEX, Exhibition Centre, Hyderabad, India
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.poultryindia.co.in
NOVEMBER
CLFMA Symposium
Date: 2-3 September 2016
Venue: Kolkata, India
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.clfmaofindia.org
VIV China
Date: 6-8 September 2016
Venue: Shunyi District Beijing, China
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.vivchina.nl
SPACE
Date: 13-16 September 2016
Venue: Rennes Exhibition Centre, France
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
SEPTEMBER
2nd International Conference on Livestock
Nutrition
Date: 21-22 July 2016
Venue: Brisbane, Australia
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.livestocknutrition.conferenceseries.com
Indo Livestock 2016 Expo & Forum
Date: 27-29 July 2016
Venue: Jakarta Convention Center - Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.indolivestock.com
JULY
Broiler Feed Quality Conference
Date: 18-19 August 2016
Venue: Bangkok, Thailand
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.asian-agribiz.com
GrainTech India
Date: 26-28 August 2016
Venue: Bangalore International Exhibition Centre
(BIEC), Bangalore, India
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.graintechindia.com
AUGUST
