Jungreg C. Ancla June 17, 2014BSEE – 3 ECE 31 C

Basic Electronic Components

Resistor – is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical

resistance as a circuit element. Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the same time, act to lower voltage levels within circuits. Resistors may have fixed resistances or variable resistances, such as those found in thermistors, varistors, trimmers, photoresistors, humistors, piezoresistors and potentiometers.

Capacitor - is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy

electrostatically in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors separated by a dielectric. The conductors can be thin films of metal, aluminum foil or disks, etc. The 'nonconducting' dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. A dielectric can be glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, paper, mica, etc. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, a capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates.

Diodes - is a two-terminal electronic component with asymmetric conductance; it has

low resistance to current in one direction, and high resistance in the other. A semiconductor diode, the most common type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a p–n junction connected to two electrical terminals. A vacuum tube diode has two electrodes, aplate (anode) and a heated cathode. Semiconductor diodes were the first semiconductor electronic devices. The discovery of crystals’ rectifying abilities was made by German physicist Ferdinand Braun in 1874. The first semiconductor diodes, called cat's whisker diodes, developed around 1906, were made of mineral crystals such as galena. Today, most diodes are made of silicon, but other semiconductors such as selenium or germanium are sometimes used.

Illustrate its circuit symbol and its color coding.

Resistors

Resistor (IEEE) Resistor

reduces the current flow.

Resistor (IEC)

 

To distinguish left from right there is a

gap between the C and D bands.

band A is the first significant figure of component value (left side)

band B is the second significant figure (Some precision resistors have a third significant figure,

and thus five bands.)

band C is the decimal multiplier

band D if present, indicates tolerance of value in percent (no band means 20%)

Capacitors

ColorSignificant

figures

Multiplie

rTolerance

Temp.

Coefficient

(ppm/K)

Black 0 ×100 – 250 U

Brown 1 ×101 ±1% F 100 S

Red 2 ×102 ±2% G 50 R

Orange 3 ×103 – 15 P

Yellow 4 ×104 (±5%) – 25 Q

Green 5 ×105 ±0.5% D 20 Z

Blue 6 ×106 ±0.25% C 10 Z

Violet 7 ×107 ±0.1% B 5 M

Gray 8 ×108±0.05%

(±10%)A 1 K

White 9 ×109 – –

Gold – ×10-1 ±5% J –

Silver – ×10-2 ±10% K –

None – – ±20% M –

CapacitorCapacitor is used to store electric charge. It acts as short circuit with AC and open circuit with DC.

Capacitor

Polarized Capacitor

Electrolytic capacitor

Polarized Capacitor

Electrolytic capacitor

Variable Capacitor

Adjustable capacitance

CAPACITOR COLOR CODES

¯¯¯

¯¯¯A        B       C        D        E                   

Voltage rating ENo Color A - Temperature CoefficientTolerance B - 1st DigitC - 2nd DigitD - MultiplierE -Tolerance

CAPACITOR COLOR CODE NUMBERING SYSTEMS

6-DOT RMA-JAN-AWS Standard Capacitor Color Code

COLOR TYPE1st 

DIGIT2nd

DIGITMULTIPLIER

TOLERANCE(percent)

CHARACTERISTICor CLASS

Black JAN Mica 0 0 1    

Brown   1 1 10 1 Applies to

Red   2 2 100 2 Temperature

Orange   3 3 1000 3 coefficients or

Yellow   4 4 10000 4 methods of testing

Green   5 5 100000 5  

Blue   6 6 1000000 6  

Purple   7 7 10000000 7  

Gray   8 8 100000000 8  

White RMA mica 9 9 1000000000 9  

Gold       .1    

Silver AWS paper     .01 10  

Body         20  

5-Color Capacitor Color Code

COLOR1st

DIGIT2nd

DIGITMULTIPLIER

TOLERANCE(percent)

VOLTAGE

Black 0 0 1    

Brown 1 1 10 1 100

Red 2 2 100 2 200

Orange 3 3 1000 3 300

Yellow 4 4 10000 4 400

Green 5 5 100000 5 500

Blue 6 6 1000000 6 600

Purple 7 7 10000000 7 700

Gray 8 8 100000000 8 800

White 9 9 1000000000 9 900

Gold     .1   1000

Silver     .01 10 2000

Body       20  

Ceramic Capacitor Color Code

COLOR1st

DIGIT2nd

DIGITMULTIPLIER

TOLERANCEover 10pf

TOLERANCEunder 10 pf

TEMPERATURE

Black 0 0 1  20% 2.0 pf 0

Brown 1 1 10  1%   -30

Red 2 2 100  2%   -80

Orange 3 3 1000     -150

Yellow 4 4 10000     -220

Green 5 5    5% 0.5 pf -330

Blue 6 6       -470

Purple 7 7       -750

Gray 8 8 .01   0.25 pf +30

White 9 9 .1  10% 1.0 pf +500 to -330

Gold       aaaaa   +100

Diodes

Diode Diode allows current flow in one direction only (left to right).

Zener DiodeAllows current flow in one direction, but also can flow in the reverse direction when above breakdown voltage

Schottky Diode Schottky diode is a diode with low voltage drop

Varactor / Varicap Diode

Variable capacitance diode

Tunnel Diode  

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

LED emits light when current flows through

Photodiode Photodiode allows current flow when exposed to light

Color   Suffix Letter

Black 0 -

Brown 1 A

Red 2 B

Orange 3 C

Yellow 4 D

Green 5 E

Blue 6 F

Violet 7 G

Gray 8 H

White 9 J

Silver - -

Gold - -

None - -Reference:http://www.pmel.org/Handbook/HBpage26.htmhttp://www.mds975.co.uk/Content/components01.htmlhttp://www.rapidtables.com/electric/electrical_symbols.htmhttp://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/basic-electronic-components-and-what-they-do.html