jurnal lq dan shift share(perekonomian indonesia)

7/23/2019 Jurnal LQ Dan Shift Share(Perekonomian Indonesia)

1/22

ADALEPEP SB]HDPE HKBDBIE KB]A ]ADOHÂDO PHLA]AD

SHÊBMH >33?)>313 MHDOAD SHDMHKA]AD LQ MAD PGEJ]

PGA^H'AMAI * PHDA SAIXFE%

ADALEPEP SB]HDPE HKBDBIE KB]A ]ADOHÂDO

PHLA]AD SHÊBMH >33?)>313

'MHDOAD SHDMHKA]ADLB@A]EBD QXB]EHD]MAD

PGEJ] PGA^H%

Ixgaiiam Amai, Phda Saixfe1

Xdezh~pe}ap Eplai Dhoh~e Pua~ej Gemaua}xllag Faka~}a

phdaRjhnxedCuagbb$`bi

ANP]Â@]

]gh ~hpha~`g jb~ }gep sash~ }bbk sla`h ed Pbx}g ]adoh~ado, }eih sh~ebm bj >33?)>313$ ]gh aei bj }gh p}xmu ep

}b mh}h~iedh }gh ~hoebdal lhamedo ph`}b~ bj Pbx}g ]adoh~ado ap }gh edjb~ia}ebd adm `bdpemh~a}ebdp ed

sladdedo h`bdbie` mhzhlbsihd}$ Ma}a xphm ed }gep p}xmu wap ph`bdma~u ma}a oa}gh~hm j~bi NSP, EdmbdhpeadNadk adm b}gh~ pbx~`hp$ Lbà}ebd Qxb}ehd} 'LQ% adm Pgej} Pga~h a~h }bblp bj adalupep$ Lbà}ebd Qxb}ehd}adalupep edmeà}hp6 1% `bdp}~x`}ebd, >% }~amh, gb}hl, adm ~hp}ax~ad}, 0%}~adpsb~}a}ebd adm `biixdeà}ebd, =%

nadk, jedad`h adm `b~sb~a}h, 8% ph~ze`hp a~h naph ph`}b~p ed }gh Pbx}g ]adoh~ado @e}u$ Pgej} Pga~h adalupepedmeà}hp }ga} }gh `bish}e}ezh ph`}b~p a~h `bdp}~x`}ebd adm `biixdeà}ebd$

Khuwb~mp6 Lb a}ebd Qxb}ehd} 'LQ%, Pgej} Pga~h, Mhzhlbsihd}, Lhamedo Ph`}b~

SHDMAGXLXAD

Shinadoxdad sama gakeka}dua amalag xpaga xd}xk ihd es}akad

khphfag}h~aad ~akua}$ Me Dhoa~a Dhoa~a nh~khinado shinadoxdad lhneg

mejbkxpkad sama shinadoxdad hkbdbie, gal ede mephnankad }h~famedua

kh}h~nhlakadoad hkbdbie$ Shinadoxdad me nemado hkbdbie masa} ihdmxkxdo

shdàsaead }xfxad a}ax ihdmb~bdo sh~xnagad sh~xnagad a}ax shina~xad

nemado khgemxsad laeddua 'Vxgae~ad, >3136:3%$

Palag pa}x edmeà}b~ khnh~gapelad shlakpadaad shinadoxdad uado masa}

mefamekad }blak xkx~ phà~a iak~b amalag sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie$ Sh~}xinxgad

hkbdbie amalag phnaoead ma~e sh~khinadoad khphfag}h~aad iapua~aka} uado

mexkx~ mhdoad nhpa~dua sh~}xinxgad s~bmxk mbihp}e` ~hoebdal n~x}b sh~ kase}a

'SM^N sh~ kase}a% 'Va~ep, 157?67>%$ ]edooedua }edoka} sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie

uado me}xdfxkkad mhdoad }edooedua delae SM^N ihdxdfxkkad nagwa mah~ag

}h~phnx} ihdoalaie khiafxad malai sh~hkbdbiead$ Akad }h}ase, ihpkesxd

1 Iagapepwa Phihp}h~ ZEE, fx~xpad Elix Hkbdbie P}xme Shinadoxdad$ ]h~me~ema~e kbdphd}~ape hkbdbie pua~eag mad hkbdbie shinadoxdad

1
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


2/22




mhiekead }hlag meoxdakad phnaoae edmeà}b~ shinadoxdad, sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie

iapeg nh~peja} xixi mad nhlxi ihd`h~iedkad khiaisxad iapua~aka} phà~a

edmezemxal$ Sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie pxa}x mah~ag masa} me`h~iedkad ma~e SM^N,

naek a}ap mapa~ ga~oa uado nh~lakx a}axsxd a}ap mapa~ ga~oa kbdp}ad$

SM^N a}ap mapa~ ga~oa uado nh~lakx me iada delae ma~e SM^N }h~phnx}

iapeg meshdoa~xge blhg }edoka} edjlape$ Phmadokad SM^N a}ap mapa~ ga~oa kbdp}ad

me iada delae SM^N pxmag }emak meshdoa~xge blhg }edoka} edjlape$

Nad}hd phnaoae palag pa}x s~bzedpe uado mhka} mhdoad enxkb}a Faka~}a

ihdfamekaddua pxa}x mah~ag uado ihda~ek phnaoae nagad shdhle}ead$ Mhdoad lxap

welauag phlxap 5$::>,5>ki> S~bzedpe ede ihieleke fxilag shdmxmxk uado

}h~oblbdo `xkxs naduak uakde phnhpa~ 13$:0>$1:: fewa, daixd feka melega} phkelap

kbdmepe ede lhneg naek menadmedokad s~bzedpe MKE Faka~}a uado ihieleke lxap

welauag uado lhneg khèl 'gadua ::=,31ki>% mhdoad fxilag shdmxmxk phnaduak

5$:3?$?7? fewa$

Sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie s~bzedpe Nad}hd phlaia sh~ebmh >33?)>313

ihdoalaie khdaekad 'phsh~}e uado }h~lega} sama }anhl 1$1%$

Ma~e }anhl }h~phnx} masa} melega} nagwa sama }agxd >33? }b}al SM^N a}ap

mapa~ ga~oa kbdp}ad uado meieleke blhg Nad}hd amalag uado }h~hdmag menadmedo

sh~ebmh laeddua mad }agxd >313 ih~xsakad sh~ebmh mhdoad }b}al SM^N }h~}edooe

menadmedokad mhdoad sh~ebmh phnhlxidua$ Sama }agxd >33? }b}al SM^N uado

meieleke blhg Nad}hd amalag phnhpa~ ^s$ :8$3=:$??8,?7 fx}a me iada edmxp}~u

shdoblagad ih~xsakad ph`}b~ }h~nhpa~ shduxinado SM^N mad ph`}b~

sh~}ainadoad mad shdooalead ih~xsakad ph`}b~ mhdoad kbd}~enxpe }h~khèl sama

sh~ebmh }h~phnx}$ Mad sama }agxd >313 }b}al SM^N Nad}hd amalag phnhpa~ ^s$

?:$03?$333 fx}a mhdoad kbd}~enxpe }h~}edooe mepxinado blhg ph`}b~ edmxp}~u madshdoblagad phmadokad ph`}b~ mhdoad kbd}~enxpe }h~hdmag amalag ph`}b~

sh~}ainadoad mad shdooalead$ Ede ihdxdfxkkad nagwa ma~e }agxd >33?)>313

}hlag }h~fame shdedoka}ad sama SM^N S~bzedpe Nad}hd ihpkesxd }emak }h~fame

sh~xnagad p}~xk}x~ hkbdbie sama s~bzedpe Nad}hd$

>


3/22




]anhl 1$1 S~bmxk Mbihp}ek ^hoebdal N~x}b A}ap Mapa~ Ga~oa Kbdp}ad >333 Ihdx~x}

Lasadoad Xpaga S~bzedpe Nad}hd >33? >313

Pxinh~6 NSP, S~bzedpe Nad}hd ]agxd >33? >313 'meblag%Kh}$ Malai pa}xad fx}a

&%6 Adoka Phihd}a~a

Mhdoad menh~lakxkaddua XX Db$ >> ]agxd 1555 }hd}ado Shih~ed}ag

Mah~ag, mad XX Db$ >8 ]agxd 1555 }hd}ado Sh~einadoad Khxadoad Ad}a~a

Shih~ed}ag Sxpa} mad Mah~ag$ Uado sama sh~faladadddua meoad}e ihdfame XX Db$

0> mad XX Db$ 00 ]agxd >33=, iaka shih~ed}agad mah~ag me Edmbdhpea ihieleke

khwhdadoad uado phlxap)lxapdua malai shlakpadaad shih~ed}agad mad

shdoa}x~ad khxadoad mah~agdua iapedo)iapedo$ Mhdoad mhiekead, sh~}xinxgad

mah~ag mega~askad ihdfame lhneg bs}eial mad iaisx ihdox~adoe mepsa~e}ap uado

}h~fame ad}a~a mah~ag$

Nh~kae}ad mhdoad gal }h~phnx}, Kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad ih~xsakad phnxag

kb}a uado }h~nhd}xk ka~hda }h~famedua shihka~ad ma~e welauag phnhlxidua

'welauag Kanxsa}hd ]adoh~ado%$

0

Phk}b~ >33? >337 >335 >313&

Sh~}adead 8$>=>$083,=7 8$=37$7:1,?0 8$:=1$533,83 8$5?=$333Sh~}ainadoad*

Shdooalead

:5$>5>,?? ?5$181,1> 53$158,81 57$333

Edmxp}~e

Shdoblagad

01$=5:$?81,?8 0>$>>8$3?8 0>$?3?$801,>: 00$??5$333

Lep}~ek, Oap *

Ae~ Nh~peg

>$:>5$871,0> >$738$?5>,83 >$5>>$8=5,37 0$>73$333

Nadoxdad 1$773$>?0,5= >$313$077,8: >$>3=$8>0,=1 >$0:3$333

Sh~maoadoad,

Gb}hl, *

^hp}b~ad

1>$733$733,7: 1=$>3>$55:,83 18$1>?$517,>: 1:$>??$333

Shdoadokx}ad* Kbixdekape

8$?73$8:5,50 :$>33$:?8,01 :$7??$17?,:1 ?$?15$333

Khxadoad,

Sh~phwaad, *

Fapa Sh~xpagaad

>$107$3:1,?? >$=75$7?8,?7 >$7>>$8:3,15 0$31=$333

Fapa fapa 0$335$35>,5: 0$073$350,85 0$:0:$?8=,73 0$73:$333

]b}al SM^N

AMGK

:8$3=:$??8,?? :7$73>$513,03 ?>$301$1>3,:1 ?:$03?$333


4/22




Sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie me kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad phlaia kx~xd wak}x

nhnh~asa }agxd }h~akge~ ede phlalx ihdoalaie khdaekad, walaxsxd khdaekad e}x

}emak peodejekad$ Kbdmepe }h~phnx} masa} melega} ma~e }anhl 1$>$

]anhl 1$>

S~bmxk Mbihp}ek ^hoebdal N~x}b

A$M$G Kbdp}ad >333 Ihdx~x} Lasadoad Xpaga

]agxd >33? ) >313 'Fx}a ^xseag%

Phk}b~]agxd

>33? >337 >335 >313

Sh~}adead =?$3?5 =:$71:,18 =?$85>,5> =7$:08,5?

Sh~}ainadoad

*Shdooalead

1$151 1$157,?> 1$00:,?= 1$058,=:

Edmxp}~e Shdoblagad 737$?>= 7>>$?50,78 70:$80=,81 783$750,:>

Lep}~ek, Oap * Ae~

Nh~peg

170$135 17:$0=7,:3 15=$8=:,>5 >3=$01>,=3

Nadoxdad >57$??5 008$>0>,>5 0??$?05,?8 =>:$?>=,15

Sh~maoadoad, Gb}hl, *

^hp}b~ad

1$0>1$350 1$=58$?53,73 1$:03$=87,>= 1$?53$>80,7>

Shdoadokx}ad *

Kbixdekape

=>3$5?= =:1$833,71 8>=$?>8,55 85?$=5>,5:

Khxadoad, Sh~phwaad,

* Fapa Sh~xpagaad

=88$>57 810$053,=: 8?8$8?:,:8 :8:$==>,71

Fapa fapa :0>$:80 :5?$=0=,73 ?85$088,73 73>$>:8,5?

Kb}a ]adoh~ado

Phla}ad

=$1:7$533 =$8:3$83:,83 =$5=?$7::,75 8$0?7$=1?,15

Pxinh~6 NSP Sxpa}, meblag

S~bmxk Mbihp}ek ^hoebdal N~x}b 'SM^N% a}ap mapa~ ga~oa kbdp}ad >333

Kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad sama }agxd >33? amalag phnhpa~ ^s$=$1:7$533 fx}a,

mhdoad fxilag shdmxmxk sh~}hdoagad }agxd >33? ihd`asae 1$3=>$:7> b~ado$

Sh~khinadoad SM^N Kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad `hdmh~xdo ihdxdfxkkad

shdedoka}ad ma~e }agxd kh }agxd mhiekead fxoa mhdoad SM^N sh~ kase}a$

Lafx sh~}xinxgad SM^N kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad mepxinado blhg 5

'phinelad% ph`}b~, uae}x6 sh~}adead; sh~}ainadoad mad shdooalead; edmxp}~u

shdoblagad; lep}~ek, oap, mad ae~ iedxi; nadoxdad mad kbdp}~xkpe; sh~maoadoad,

gb}hl, mad ~hp}b~ad; adokx}ad mad kbixdekape; nadk mad lhinaoa khxadoad

laeddua; fapa)fapa$

Phk}b~ Sh~}adead }h~naoe ihdfame 8 'leia% pxnph`}b~, uae}x6 '1% Pxnphk}b~

]adaiad Sadoad, '>% Pxnphk}b~ ]adaiad Sh~khnxdad, '0% Pxnphk}b~ Sh}h~dakad

=


5/22




mad gapel)gapeldua, '=% Pxnphk}b~ Khgx}adad mad Sh~nx~xad, mad '8% Pxnphk}b~

Sh~ekadad$

Phk}b~ Sh~}ainadoad mad Shdooalead }h~me~e ma~e = 'hisa}%, uae}x6 '1%

Pxnphk}b~ shdooalead }adag x~xo, '>% Pxnphk}b~ Shdooalead ]adag Lea}, '0%

Pxnphk}b~ Shdooalead ]adag Kasx~, '=% Pxnphk}b~ Shdooalead Na}x Kale mad

]adag Kasx~$

Phk}b~ Edmxp}~e mad Shdoblagad }h~me~e ma~e 0 '}eoa% pxnph`}b~, uae}x6 '1%

Pxnphk}b~ edmxp}~u nhpa~"phmado, '>% Pxnphk}b~ edmxp}~u kh`el, mad '0% Pxnphk}b~

edmxp}~u ~xiag }adooa$

Phk}b~ Lep}~ek, Oap, mad Ae~ Nh~peg }h~me~e ma~e > 'mxa%, uae}x6 '1% Pxnphk}b~

Lep}~ek, mad '>% Pxnphk}b~ Ae~ Iedxi$

Phk}b~ Sh~maoadoad }h~me~e ma~e 0 '}eoa%, uae}x6 '1% Pxnphk}b~ Sh~maoadoad

nhpa~ mad h`h~ad, '>% Pxnphk}b~ ~hp}b~ad mad ~xiag iakad, '0% Pxnphk}b~ gb}hl

mad akbibmape laeddua$

Phk}b~ Adokx}ad mad Sh~gxnxdoad }h~me~e ma~e 0 '}eoa%, uae}x6 '1%

Pxnphk}b~ adokx}ad ma~a}, '>% Pxnphk}b~ fapa shdxdfado adokx}ad, mad '0%

Pxnphk}b~ sbp mad }hlhkbixdekape$

Phk}b~ Lhinaoa Khxadoad, Sh~phwaad mad fapa sh~xpagaad }h~me~e ma~e 0

'}eoa%, uae}x6 '1% Pxnphk}b~ nadk mad lhinaoa khxadoad nxkad nadk, '>% pxnph`}b~

phwa nadoxdad, mad '0% pxnph`}b~ sh~xpagaad$

Nh~mapa~kad ma}a SM^N }agxd >33?)>313 uado }h~lega} sama }anhl 1$>,

}h~lega} nagwa p}~xk}x~ hkbdbie Kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad membiedape blhg phk}b~

lasadoad xpaga sh~maoadoad, gb}hl, mad ~hp}b~ad mad edmxp}~u shdoblagad$ Phk}b~

laed uado fxoa ihinh~ekad kbd}~enxpe `xkxs nhpa~ amalag fapa)fapa, nadk,

sh~phwaad mad fapa sh~xpagaad, mad shdoadokx}ad mad kbixdekape$ Hisa} phk}b~laed iapedo)iapedo ihinh~ekad kbd}~enxpe me nawag 13($

P}~xk}x~ hkbdbie }h~phnx} ihdxdfxkkad nagwa sh~hkbdbiead ]adoh~ado

Phla}ad membiedape blhg phk}b~ }h~peh~, uae}x shdoadokx}ad mad kbixdekape;

sh~maoadoad gb}hl mad ~hp}b~ad; fapa)fapa; mad nadk, sh~phwaad mad fapa

sh~xpagaad mad phk}b~ phkxdmh~ 'edmxp}~e shdoblagad; lep}~ek, oap mad ae~ nh~peg;

mad kbdp}~xkpe% ihinh~ekad kbd}~enxpe 57(, mad phk}b~ s~eih~ 'sh~}adead;

8


6/22




sh~}ainadoad mad shdooalead% gadua ihinh~ekad kbd}~enxpe kx~ado ma~e >($ Feka

melega} kh`hdmh~xdoad phfak }agxd >33? gedooa }agxd >313, phk}b~ s~eih~

ihdohèl kbd}~enxpedua phà~a peodejekad phmadokad phk}b~ phkxdmh~ mad }h~peh~

ihdedoka} kbd}~enxpedua$

Feka ihinadmedokad }b}al SM^N S~bzedpe Nad}hd mad Kb}a ]adoh~ado

Phla}ad }agxd >33? a}ap mapa~ ga~oa kbdp}ad, ke}a masa} ihlega} nagwa delae

SM^N Kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad lhneg kh el menadmedokad mhdoad delae SM^N

S~bzedpe Nad}hd$ Gal ede ihinh~e adooasad nagwa S~bzedpe Nad}hd lhneg iakix~

mad phfag}h~a menadmedokad mhdoad Kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad$ Me iada Nad}hd

ihieleke Edmxp}~e Shdoblagad phnaoae ph }b~ mhdoad kbd}~enxpe }h~nhpa~

phmadokad Kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad ihieleke ph`}b~ Sh~maoadoad, gb}hl mad

~hp}b~ad phnaoae xfxdo }binakdua$

Nh~mapa~kad la}a~ nhlakado me a}ap iaka masa} meemhd}ekape

sh~iapalagaddua amalag phnaoae nh~ekx}6

1$ Phk}b~ phk}b~ asakag uado ihdfame ph`}b~ napep mad dbd napep malai

sh~hkbdbiead Kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad$

>$ Naoaeiadakag sh~xnagad phk}b~ sh~hkbdbiead kb}a ]adoh~ado

Phla}ad sama sh~ebmh >33?)>313$

0$ Phk}b~ ph`}b~ hkbdbie iadakag uado sb}hdpeal xd}xk lhneg

mekhinadokad phnaoae shdxdfado sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie me Kb}a

]adoh~ado Phla}ad$

LADMAPAD ]HBÊ

]hb~e Amai Pie}g

Malai }hb~e klapek Amai Pie}g malai Sx~wadedopeg '>3356>=%

ihdua}akad nagwa palag pa}x ja`}b~ uado ihdhd}xkad sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie

amalag sh~khinadoad shdmxmxk$ Fxilag shdmxmxk uado nh~}ainag akad

:


7/22




ihish~lxap sadopa sapa~, mad sh~lxapad sapa~ akad ihdedoka}kad pshpealepape

malai sh~hkbdbiead }h~phnx}$ Lhneg ladfx}, pshpealepape akad ihdedoka}kad

s~bmxk}eze}ap }hdaoa kh~fa phgedooa ihdedoka}kad xsag mad khxd}xdoad$ Mhdoad

mhiekead, s~bphp sh~}xinxgad akad }h~xp nh~ladopxdo paisae phlx~xg pxinh~

maua }h~iadjaa}kad$

]hb~e Mazem êà~mb

Phihd}a~a e}x Mazem ê a~mb malai Sx~wadedopeg '>3356>=%,

ihdohixkakad sadmadoad uado nh~nhma mhdoad Amai Pie}g$ Ihdx~x}dua,

sh~khinadoad shdmxmxk uado nh~falad `hsa} sama akge~dua akad ihdx~xdkad

khinale }edoka} sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie kh }a~aj uado ~hdmag$ Sbla sh~}xinxgad

hkbdbie ihdx~x} êà~mb nh~awal ma~e fxilag shdmxmxk ~hdmag mad pxinh~ maua

alai uado ~hla}ezh ihleisag$

]hb~e Khudhp

Khudhp ihlega} sh~}xinxgad malai kbdmepe fadoka shdmhk mad

ihdua}akad nagwa shdmasa}ad }b}al ih~xsakad jxdope ma~e shkh~faad }b}al pxa}x

Dhoa~a$ Phiaked nhpa~ zblxih shkh~faad uado megapelkad, phiaked nhpa~

shdmasa}ad dapebdal uado mesh~blhg, mhiekead fxoa phnalekdua$ Zblxih shkh~faad

}h~oad}xdo sama sh~ied}aad hjhk}ej$ Sh~ied}aad hjhk}ej me}hd}xkad sama }e}ek paa}

ga~oa sh~ied}aad ao~hoa} paia mhdoad ga~oa shdawa~ad ao~hoa}$ Khudhp fxoa

ihdua}akad xd}xk ihdfaied sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie uado p}anel shih~ed}ag sh~lx

ihdh~askad khnefakad jepàl mad khnefakad ibdh}h~ ph~}a shdoawapad phà~a

ladopxdo$

]hb~e Napep Hkbdbie 'H`bdbie` Naph ]ghb~u%

Malai ibmhl napep hkbdbie medua}akad nagwa ja`}b~ shdhd}x x}aia

sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie pxa}x mah~ag khxd}xdoad kbish}e}ej uado nh~gxnxdoadladopxdo mhdoad sh~ied}aad na~ado mad fapa ma~e lxa~ mah~ag$ Nh~mapa~kad }hb~e

ede sh~hkbdbiead pxa}x welauag menaoe ihdfame mxa uae}x ph`}b~ napep mad ph`}b~

dbd napep$ Phk}b~ napep amalag ph`}b~ uado ihdfame }xlado sxdooxdo

sh~hkbdbiead mah~ag ka~hda ihisxduae khxd}xdoad kbish}e}ej uado `xkxs

}edooe, phgedooa iaisx ihdohkpsb~ na~ado mad fapa kh lxa~ na}ap)na}ap

sh~hkbdbiead welauag uado nh~padokx}ad$ Phmadokad ph`}b~ dbd napep

?


8/22




ih~xsakad khoea}ad)khoea}ad uado ihduhmeakad na~ado mad fapa xd}xk ihihdxge

khnx}xgad b~ado)b~ado uado nh~}hisa} }edooal me malai na}ap)na}ap

sh~hkbdbiead welauag }h~phnx}$ Phk}b~ dbd napep ede nh~jxdope phnaoae ph`}b~

shdxdfado ph`}b~ napep napep a}ax ph~ze`h edmxp}~ehp 'Pfaj~eval, >337%$

Ibmhl Ed}h~~hoebdal Ed`bih

Sh~lxapad ma~e ibmhl napep hkpsb~ masa} melakxkad mhdoad ihiapxkkad

xdpx~ gxnxdoad hkbdbie ad}a~ welauag uado mekhdalEd}h~~hoebdal Ed`bih Ibmhl

uado mekhinadokad blhg Ga~~u _$ ^e`ga~mpbd '15?7%$ Nh~nhma mhdoad Ibmhl

Napep Hkpsb~, uado ihdoapxipekad hkpsb~ phnaoae hbohdbxp za~eanlh, iaka

malai ibmhl ed}h~~hoebdal ede, hkpsb~ meapxipekad phnaoae ja`}b~ uado nh~ama

malai pup}hi 'hdmbohdbxp za~eanlh% uado me}hd}xkad blhg sh~khinadoad

khoea}ad sh~maoadoad ad}a~ welauag$ Phladfx}dua, khoea}ad sh~maoadoad ad}a~

mah~ag }h~phnx} menaoe a}ap na~ado kbdpxipe mad na~ado ibmal$ Me paisedo e}x,

aoa~ adalepep ihdfame lhneg ~halep}ep, iaka sama ibmhl ad}a~ ~hoebd ede

meiapxkkad sxla xdpx~ shih~ed}ag uado me}aiselkad malai nhd}xk shdh~eiaad

mad shdohlxa~ad shih~ed}ag mah~ag ph~}a khoea}ad edzhp}ape phpxae mhdoad s~edpes

]hb~e Hkbdbie Khudhp 'Pfaj~eval, >337650%

]hb~e Ga~~bm Mbia~ malai Pep}hi ^hoebdal

]hb~e ede mekhinadokad blhg ^bu J$ Ga~~bm '15=7% me Edoo~ep mad Hzphu M$

Mbia~ '158?% me Aih~eka Ph~eka}$ Nh~nhma mhdoad Khudhp uado ihlega}

sh~hkbdbiead malai fadoka shdmhk, }hb~e ede ihlega} ma~e pepe fadoka sadfado

uado memapa~kad nhnh~asa apxipe6

1% Sh~hkbdbiead nh~peja} }h~}x}xs

>% Gap~a} ihdanxdo 'ISP 9 p% amalag kbdp}ad

0% S~bphp s~bmxkpe ihieleke kbhjhpehd uado }h}as=% ]edoka} sh~}xinxgad adoka}ad kh~fa amalag kbdp}ad mad paia mhdoad }eioka}

sh~}xinxgad shdmxmxk$

A}ap mapa~ apxipe)apxipe }h~phnx}, Ga~~bm)Mbia~ ihinxa} adalepep mad

ihdueisxlkad nagwa sh~}xinxgad fadoka sadfado uado iad}as 'phlx~xg

khdaekad s~bmxkpe masa} meph~as blhg sapa~% gadua nepa }h~`asae asanela }h~shdxge

pua~a})pua~a} khpheinadoad phnaoae nh~ekx} 6

7


9/22




Kh}h~adoad 6

o 9 O~bw}g '}edoka} sh~}xinxgad bx}sx}

k 9 @ase}al'}edoka} sh~}xinxgad ibmal%

d 9 }edoka} sh~}xinxgad adoka}ad kh~fa

Aoa~ }h~fame khpheinadoad ad}a~a }anxdoad 'P% mad edzhp}ape 'E% ga~xp

}h~masa} kae}ad uado paledo ihduheinadokad, samagal sh~ad k xd}xk

ihdogapelkad }ainagad s~bmxkpe me}hd}xkad blhg z '~apeb ibmal bx}sx}%$

']a~eoad, >33?6=5%

S~bmxk Mbihp}ek ~hoebdal N~x}b 'SM^N%

Palag pa}x edmeka}b~ iak~b hkbdbie uado shd}edo xd}xk ihdoh}agxe kbdmepe

hkbdbie me pxa}x mah~ag sama pxa}x sh~ebmh }h~}hd}x amalag S~bmxk Mbihp}ek

^hoebdal N~x}b 'SM^N%$ Ihdx~x} Namad Sxpa} P}a}ep}e '>3116>% SM^N

ih~xsakad fxilag delae }ainag uado megapelkad blhg phlx~xg xde} s~bmxkpe malai

pxa}x welauag }h~}hd}x a}ax ih~xsakad fxilag delae na~ado mad fapa akge~ uado

megapelkad blhg phlx~xg xde} hkbdbie$

Sh~ge}xdoad SM^N ihdooxdakad mxa ia`ai ga~oa, uae}x SM^N a}ap mapa~

ga~oa kbdp}ad mad SM^N a}ap mapa~ ga~oa nh~lakx$ SM^N a}a mapa~ ga~oa kbdp}ad

mege}xdo mhdoad ihdooxdakad ga~oa }h}as sama pxa}x }agxd }h~}hd}x phnaoae

mapa~"~hjh~hdpe$ Phmadokad SM^N a}ap mapa~ ga~oa nh~lakx mege}xdo mhdoad

ihdooxdakad ga~oa }agxd nh~falad$ SM^N a}ap mapa~ nh~lakx ihdooaina~kad

delae }ainag na~ado mad fapa$

Ama }eoa shdmhka}ad uado meoxdakad malai sh~ge}xdad SM^N, uae}x6

a$ Shdmhka}ad s~bmxkpe, uae}x fxilag delae na~ado mad fapa akge~ uado megapelkadblhg phlx~xg xde} s~bmxkpe"phk}b~ malai pxa}x welauag sama pxa}x sh~ebmh

}h~}hd}x 'neapadua pa}x }agxd%$

n$ Shdmhka}ad shdohlxa~ad, uae}x fxilag phixa kbisbdhd sh~ied}aad akge~ me

pxa}x welauag, malai fadoka wak}x }h~}hd}x$ Kbisbdhd sh~ied}aad akge~

ihlesx}e6 shdohlxa~ad kbdpxipe ~xiag }adooa, shdohlxa~ad kbdpxipe lhinaoa

5

o 9 k9 d,


10/22




pwap}a de~lana, shdohlxa~ad kbdpxipe shih~ed}ag, shinhd}xkad ibmal }h}as

mbihp}ek n~x}b, sh~xnagad edzhd}b~e"p}bk, mad hkpsb~ dh}b$

`$ Shdmhka}ad shdmasa}ad, uae}x fxilag phixa nalap fapa uado me}h~eia blhg

jak}b~)jak}b~ s~bmxkpe uado meoxdakad malai s~bphp s~bmxkpe me pxa}x welauag

malai fadoka wak}x }h~}hd}x$ Kbisbdhd nalap fapa jak}b~ s~bmxkpe uado

meiakpxm amalag6 xsag mad oafe, phwa }adag, nxdoa ibmal, mad khxd}xdoad$

Phixa kbisbdhd }h~phnx} phnhlxi mesb}bdo safak shdogapelad mad safak

ladopxdo laeddua$

Adalepep Pgej})Pga~h

Adalepep Pgej} Pga~h ih~xsakad }hkdek uado padoa} nh~oxda malai

ihdoadalepep sh~xnagad p}~xk}x~ hkbdbie mah~ag menadmedodkad mhdoad

sh~hkbdbiead dapebdal$ ]xfxad adalepep ede phdme~e amalag xd}xk ihdhd}xkad

kedh~fa a}ax s~bmxk}eze}ap kh~fa sh~hkbdbiead mah~ag mhdoad ihinadmedokadua

mhdoad mah~ag uado lhneg nhpa~ '~hoebd"dapebdal%$

Adalepep edeihinh~ekad ma}a }hd}ado kedh~fa sh~hkbdbiead malai 0 nemado

uado nh~gxnxdoad pa}x paia laed uae}x 'A~puam, >33>6105)1=3%6

a$ Sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie mah~ag mexkx~ mhdoad `a~a ihdoadalepep sh~xnagad

ao~hoa} ph`a~a phk}b~al menadmedokad mhdoad sh~xnagad sama phk}b~ uado paia

me sh~hkbdbiead uado mefamekad a`xad$

n$ Sh~hph~ad s~bsb~pebdal 's~bsb~}ebdal pgej}% ihdoxkx~ sh~xnagad ~hla}ej

sh~}xinxgad a}ax shdx~xdad sama mah~ag menadmedokad mhdoad sh~hkbdbiead

uado uado lhneg nhpa~ xd}xk mefamekad a`xad$ Mhdoad mhiekead masa} mekh}agxe

asakag sh~hkbdbiead mah~ag }h~kbdphd}~ape sama edmxp}~e)edmxp}~e uado

}xinxg lhneg `hsa} ma~esama sh~hkbdbiead uado mefamekad a`xad$

Sh~hohph~ad mejh~hdpeal 'mejjh~hd}eal pgej}% meoxdakad xd}xk ihdhd}xkadphnh~asa nhpa~ maua paedo edmxp}~e mah~ag mhdoad sh~hkbdbiead uado mefamekad

a`xad$

P}xme Hise~ep

Shdhle}ead ihdohdae ph`}b~ napep }hlag melakpadakad blhg nhnh~asa shdhle}e

phnhlxidua mad sama xixidua shdhle}ead uado pxmag melakxkad ihdooxdakad

adalepep LQ mad pgej} pga~h$ Me iada sh~nhmaad shdhle}ead ede mhdoad shdhle}ead

13


11/22




phnhlxidua amalag sama sh~ebmh uado me}hle}e, lbkape shdhle}ead, mad ala} adalepep

uado meoxdakad$

Amasxd shdhle}ead uado melakxkad phnhlxidua phnaoae nagad ~xfxkad

shdhle}ead ede amalag phnaoae nh~ekx}6

Ixgaiiam Azh~~bhp Jamlad'>311% malai pk~espedua uado nh~fxmxl

Adalepep Sb}hdpe Sh~}xinxgad Hkbdbie me S~bzedpe Laisxdo Sh~ebmh >33=)>335

'Adalepep Lbà}ebd Qxb}ehd}mad Pgej} Pga~h%, ihdfhlapkad }hd}ado sh~}xinxgad

hkbdbie pxa}x ph`}b~ sh~hkbdbiead uado }h~fame me pxa}x welauag akad

nh~maisak }h~gamas sh~}xinxgad phà~a Dapebdal$

Ma}a uado mesh~oxdakad amalag ma}a phkxdmh~ nh~xsa SM^N S~bzedpe

Laisxdo a}ap mapa~ ga~oa nh~lakx$ Gapel shdhle}eaddua ihdhixkad nagwa

}h~masa} pxnph`}b~ xdooxlad uado masa} meefamekad kbibme}ap hkpsb~ mad fxoa

uado ihdoalaie sh~}xinxgad `hsa}, uae}x pxnph`}b~ sh~khnxdad uado ihdfame

sb}hdpe xdooxlad ma~e S~bzedpe Laisxdo walaxsxd iapeg me nawag ma~e Pxnphk}b~

]adaiad Sadoad akad pxinadoaddua }h~gamas SM^N Phk}b~ Sh~}adead }h}ase

ihinxk}ekad nagwa Pxnphk}b~ Sh~khnxdad amalag pa}x)pa}xdua Pxnphk}b~ uado

masa} nh~paedo mhdoad Pxnphk}b~ laeddua malai pxinadoad }h~gamas Dapebdal$

Mad Pxnphk}b~ laeddua iapeg nh~sb}hdpe xd}xk me}edoka}kad me malai S~bzedpe

Laisxdo phdme~e$

Vxgae~ad U$ Uxdad'>313% malai fx~daldua uado nh~fxmxl Adalepep

Shdhd}xad Phk}b~ Xdooxlad Sh~hkbdbiead _elauag Kb}aiamua ]adoh~ado

Phla}ad Mhdoad Shdmhka}ad Phk}b~ Shinhd}xk SM^N, }xfxad ma~e shdhle}ead ede

amalag shihàgad iapalag mhdoad sh~lx amadua khiaisxad me nemado hkbdbie

me mah~ag adalepep, mhdoad sbsxlape amalag SM^N phk}b~al kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad

mad S~bsedpe Nad}hd uado mege}xdo nh~mapa~kad ga~oa kbdp}ad }agxd >333$ Ma}auado meoxdakad ih~xsakad ma}a phkxdmh~, mhdoad ihdooxdakad ih}bmh adalepep

uae}x AdalepepLbà}ebd Qxb}ehd}'LQ% ph~}aAdalepep Pgej} Pga~h$

Shdhle}ead uado melakxkad ihdueisxlkad nagwa ph`}b~ nadk; khxadoad;

sh~xpagaad ih~xsakad ph`}b~ napep uado ihieleke edmhkp }h~nhpa~ menadmedokad

mhdoad ph`}b~ napep laeddua mad ihinh~ekad delae pxinadoad }h~}edooe malai

sh~khinadoad SM^N kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad$ Phk}b~ napep laeddua uado }emak

11


12/22




kalag shd}edo mhdoad kh}eoa ph`}b~ napep me a}ap amalag ph`}b~ sh~maoadoad, gb}hl,

~hp}b~ad; ph`}b~ shdoadokx}ad mad kbixdekape; mad ph`}b~ lep}~ek, oap, mad ae~

nh~peg$ Phlaed e}x khhdai ph`}b~ }h~phnx} fxoa ih~xsakad ph`}b~ napep hkbdbie

uado nh~sb}hdpe ihdedoka}kad sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie welauag kb}a ]adoh~ado

Phla}ad ka~hda ihieleke delae LQ lhneg ma~e pa}x$ Gapel adalepep Pgej} Pga~h

ihdxdfxkkad nagwa ph`}b~ uado ih~xsakad ph`}b~ kbish}e}ej, uae}x ph`}b~

nadoxdad; mad ph`}b~ shdoadokx}ad mad kbixdekape$

E~iad mad Ja`g~eval Na`g~e'>330%malai fx~daldua uado nh~fxmxl Adalepep

Sb}hdpe Phk}b~al Kanxsa}hd Laga} S~bzedpe Pxia}h~a Phla}ad$ ]xfxad shdhle}ead

amalag xd}xk ihdoh}agxe ph`}b~)phk}b~ hkbdbie uado sb}hdpeal xd}xk

mekhinadokad oxda ihia`x sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie me Kanxsa}hd Laga};

ihdho}agxe shdoa~xg ph`}b~)phk}b~ uado sb}hdpeal }h~phnx} }h~gamas shdès}aad

khphisa}ad kh~fa; ihdoh}agxe nhpa~dua delae E@B^ Kanxsa}hd Laga}$ Ma}a

phkxdmh~ phnaoae ma}a uado meoxdakad malai shdhle}eaddua, me iada ma}a }h~phnx}

mesh~blhg ma~e edp}adpe }h~kae} phsh~}e Namad Sxpa} P}a}ep}ek, Kad}b~ P}a}ep}ek, Nadk

Edmbdhpea, mad pxinh~ laeddua uado nh~kae}ad mhdoad shdhle}ead$ Ma}a meadalepep

ihlalxe ih}bmh6 1% LQ, >% Adalepep Pgej} Pga~h, 0% @bnn)Mbxolap, =% Adalepep

E@B^$

Mhdoad gapel adalepep 1% LQ, }h~masa} hisa} ph`}b~ uado sb}hdpeal"xdooxl

uae}x ph`}b~ sh~}adead, ph`}b~ nadoxdad, ph`}b~ khxadoad, sh~phwaad mad fapa

sh~xpagaad mad ph`}b~ fapa)fapa$ >% Gapel adalepep Pgej} Pga~h, ph`}b~ hkbdbie uado

sb}hdpeal me Kanxsa}hd Laga} gadua }eoa ph`}b~ uae}x ph`}b~ edmxp}~u shdoblagad,

ph`}b~ nadoxdad mad ph`}b~ khxadoad, sh~phwaad mad fapa)fapa sh~xpagaad$ 0%

Gapel adalepep @bnn)Mbxolap, }h~dua}a shdedoka}ad delae s~bmxkpe ph`}b~ sh~}adead,

ph`}b~ nadoxdad mad ph }b~ fapa)fapa ihisxduae shdoa~xg sbpe}ej }h~gamasshdedoka}ad khphisa}ad kh~fa phmadokad ph`}b~ khxadoad, sh~phwaad mad fapa

sh~xpagaad ihisxduae shdoa~xg dhoa}ezh }h~gamas shdès}aad khphisa}ad kh~fa$

=% Ma~e adalepep E@B^ }h~dua}a E@B^ Kanxsa}hd Laga} phà~a }b}al amalag

11,0>($

Davhle Amdad'>33=% malai fx~daldua uado nh~fxmxl Sb}hdpe Hkbdbie

Phk}b~al Kb}a Salhinado$ Shdhle}eaddua nh~}xfxad xd}xk ihdoadalepep ph`}b~)

1>


13/22




phk}b~ hkbdbie uado sb}hdpeal mad sh~xnagad p}~xk}x~ hkbdbie }h~gamas

sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie Salhinado$ Ma}a uado meoxdakad malai shdhle}ead ede

amalag ma}a phkxdmh~ uado mesh~blhg ma~e edp}adpe }h~kae} sh~ebmh 1550)>33>,

mhdoad ala} adalepep lb`a}ebd qxb}ehd}admpgej} pga~h$

Nh~mapa~kad adalepep LQ mekh}agxe nagwa }h~masa} :'hdai% ph`}b~ napep me

Kb}a Salhinado, uae}x ph`}b~ edmxp}~u shdoblagad, ph`}b~ sh~maoadoad, gb}hl mad

~hp}b~ad, ph`}b~ lep}~ek, oap mad ae~ nh~peg, ph`}b~ shdoadokx}ad mad kbixdekape,

ph`}b~ khxadoad, ph~}a ph`}b~ fapa)fapa$ Sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie me kb}a Salhinado

naduak me}hd}xkad blhg dapebdal pga~h$

_ale E$ Ibdmal'>313%, mhdoad shdhle}eddua uado nh~fxmxl Ad Adalupep bj

}gh edmxp}~eal mhzhlbsihd} sb}hdpeal bj Ialaupea6 A pgej} pga~h Ass~ba`g$ Ala}

adalepep uado meoxdakad amalag pgej} pga~h$ Mhdoad gapel shdhle}ead uado

ihdxdfxkkad nagwa Ialaupea ihisxduae ph`}b~ napep me welauag Klad}ad,

]h~hdoaddx, Sagbdo mad Fbga~ X}a~a me iada kh hisa} welauag }h~phnx}

ihisxduae ie edmxp}~u uado xdek menadmedokad mhdoad welauag laeddua uado

ama me Ialaupea, gal }h~phnx} memxkxdo mhdoad khkauaad alaidua uado ihleisag$

Sama phihdadfxdo Ialaupea kaua akad ph`}b~ sh~}adead mad ph`}b~ sh~ekadad,

phlaed e}x kbd}~enxpe ph`}b~ sa~ewepa}a ihieleke sh~adad shd}edo malai

sh~hkbdbiead Ialaupea$

IH]BMH SHDHLE]EAD

Ma}a uado meoxdakad malai p}xme ede amalag ma}a phkxdmh~, kgxpxpdua

uado nh~pxinh~ ma~e Shih~ed}ag Kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad mad NSP Sxpa}$ Sh~ebmh

ma}a uado meoxdakad phnaoae adalepep sb}hdpe hkbdbie Kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad,

uae}x }agxd >33?>313$ Ma}a phkxdmh~ ihlesx}e ma}a)ma}a S~bmxk Mbihp}ek^hoebdal N~x}b S~bzedpe Nad}hd a}ap mapa~ ga~oa kbdp}ad >333 ihdx~x} Lasadoad

Xpaga >33? >313 mad S~bmxk Mbihp}ek ^hoebdal N~x}b Kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad

A$M$G Kbdp}ad >333 ihdx~x} Lasadoad Xpaga }agxd >33? >313$

Malai shdhle}ead ede fxoa mesh~lxkad paishl, me iada paishl uado

meiakpxm amalag kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad mad uado ihdfame sbsxlape malai

shdhle}ead ede s~bzedpe Nad}hd$

10


14/22




Lbà}ebd Qxb}ehd}

AdalepepLbà}ebd Qxb}ehd}'LQ% meoxdakad xd}xk ihdhd}xkad ph`}b~ napep

mad dbd napep malai sh~hkbdbiead kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad$ Asanela gapel

sh~ge}xdoadddua ihdxdfxkkad adoka lhneg ma~e pa}x 'LQ 4 1% nh~a~}e ph`}b~

}h~phnx} ih~xsakad ph`}b~ napep$ Phnalekdua, asanela gapeldua ihdxdfxkkad adoka

kx~ado ma~e pa}x 'LQ < 1% nh~a~}e ph`}b~ }h~phnx} nxkad ph`}b~ napep$ Xd}xk

ihdmasa}kad edmhkp LQ masa} melakxkad mhdoad mxa à~a, uado sh~}aia amalag

mhdoad shdmhka}ad }hdaoa kh~fa mad uado khmxa amalag mhdoad shdmhka}ad delae

}ainag, jb~ixlapedua masa} melega} phnaoae nh~ekx}6

LQ 9 Le"L} 6 De"D}

me iada Le amalag Fxilag }hdaoa kh~fa ph`}b~ e welauag ~hdmag 'malai gal

ede kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad%; L} amalag Fxilag }hdaoa kh~fa }b}al welauag ~hdmag;

De amalag Fxilag }hdaoa kh~fa ph`}b~ e welauag }edooe ' malai gal ede s~bzedpe

Nad}hd%; mad D} amalag fxilag }hdaoa kh~fa }b}al welauag }edooe$

LQ 9 Pe"P} 6 Ue"U}

me iada Pe amalag SM^N ph`}b~ e welauag ~hdmag; P} amalag SM^N }b}al

welauag ~hdmag; Ue amalag SM^N ph`}b~ e welauag }edooe; mad U} amalag SM^N

}b}al welauag }edooe$

Pgej} Pga~h

Adalepep PP meoxdakad xd}xk ihdoh}agxe s~bphp sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie

pxa}x mah~ag malai kae}addua mhdoad sh~hkbdbiead mah~ag a`xad uae}x welauag

uado lhneg lxap$ Xd}xk ihdoh}agxe s~bphp sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie pxa}x mah~ag

mhdoad ihdooxdakad adalepep PP meoxdakad za~eanhl shd}edo phsh~}e }hdaoa kh~fa,

shdmxmxk mad shdmasa}ad$

Sh~}xinxgad SM^N }b}al 'O% masa} mex~aekad ihdfame kbisbdhd Pgej}madkbisbdhd Pga~h, uae}x6

1% Kbisbdhd dapebdal Pga~h 'D% amalag naduakdua sh~}ainagad

SMN phadmaedua sh~}xinxgaddua paia mhdoad lafx sh~}xinxgad SM^N

S~bzedpe phlaia sh~ebmh uado }h~àkxs malai p}xme$

>% Kbisbdhd s~bsb~}ebdal Pgej} 'S%, ihdoxkx~ nhpa~dua dh} pgej}

welauag ~hdmag uado meakena}kad blhg kbisbpepe ph`}b~ ph`}b~ SM^N sama

1=


15/22




welauag ~hdmag uado nh~padokx}ad nh~xnag$ Asanela SF 4 3 a~}edua welauag

~hdmag uado nh~padokx}ad nh~pshpealepape sama ph`}b~ ph`}b~ uado sama

}edoka} welauag }edooe }xinxg ~hla}ezh `hsa} mad asanela SF < 3 nh~a~}e

welauag ~hdmag uado nh~pshpealepape sama ph`}b~ ph`}b~ uado me }edoka}

welauag }edooe sh~}xinxgaddua mhdoad laina} a}ax nagkad phmado }x~xd$

0% Kbisbdhd mejjh~hd}eal Pgej} 'M%, ihdoxkx~ nhpa~dua dh} pgej} uado

meakena}kad blhg ph`}b~ ph`}b~ }h~}hd}x uado }xinxg lhneg `hsa} a}ax lhneg

laina} me welauag ~hdmag menadmedokad mhdoad }edoka} welauag }edooe uado

mephnankad blhg ja`}b~ ja`}b~ lbkapebdal ed}h~d$ Mah~ag uado ihisxduae

khxd}xdoad lbkapebdal, phsh~}e pxinh~ maua uado naek akad ihisxduae

mejjh~hd}eal pgej} `bisbdhd} sbp}ej 'MF 4 3%, phnalekdua welauag ~hdmag uado

ph`a~a lbkapebdal }emak ihdoxd}xdokad akad ihisxduae mejjh~hd}eal pgej}

`bisbdhd} uado dhoa}ej 'MF< 3%$

Pgej} Pga~h6

Jb~ixlape PP masa} melega} phnaoae nh~ekx}6

OF 9 Uf} Ufb

9 'Df + Sf + Mf%

Df 9 Ufb 'U}"Ub% Ufb

'S+M%f 9 Uf} 'U}"Ub%Ufb

9 'Of Df%

Sf 9 e ['Ue}"Ueb% ) 'U}"Ub%YUefb

Mf 9 } [Uef} 'Ue}"Ueb%UefbY

9 'S + M%f Sf

me iada Of ih~xsakad sh~}xinxgad SM^N }b}al welauag ~hdmag; Df

ih~xsakad kbisbdhd pga~h me welauag ~hdmag; 'S+M%f ih~xsakad kbisbdhd dh}pgej} me welauag ~hdmag; Sf ih~xsakad s~bsb~}ebdal pgej} welauag ~hdmag; Mf

ih~xsakad mejjh~hd}eal pgej} welauag ~hdmag; Uf ih~xsakad SM^N }b}al kb}a

welauag ~hdmag; U ih~xsakad SM^N }b}al welauag }edooe; b,} ih~xsakad sh~ebmh

awal mad sh~ebmh akge~ sh~ge}xdoad; mad E ih~xsakad pxnpk~espe ph`}b~ 'pxnph`}b~%

sama SM^N$

18


16/22




GAPEL MAD SHINAGAPAD

Kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad }h~lh}ak me naoead }eix~ S~bzedpe Nad}hd mad

phà~a amiedep}~a}ej }h~me~e ma~e ? '}xfxg% khàia}ad$ Sh~}aia, khàia}ad

Ph~sbdo$ Khmxa, khàia}ad Ph~sbdo X}a~a$ Kh}eoa, khàia}ad Ph}x$ Khhisa},

khàia}ad Saixlado, Khleia, khàia}ad @esx}a}$ Khhdai, khàia}ad @esx}a}

]eix~$Kh}xfxg, khàia}ad Sbdmbk A~hd$

Sh~hkbdbiead kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad phà~a xixi pxmag ihdxdfxkkad

sh~hkbdbiead uado nh~oh~ak kh a~ag dbd ao~a~ep }h~nxk}e mhdoad ~hdmagdua

mbiedape ph`}b~ s~eih~$ Phk}b~ phkxdmh~ ihieleke kbd}~enxpe uado `xkxs }edooe,

nagkad ph`}b~ }h~peh~ padoa} mbiedad malai ihduxinado SM^N kb}a ]adoh~ado

Phla}ad phlaia sh~ebmh >33?)>313$

Ma~e pxinadoad ph`}b~)phk}b~ hkbdbie kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad nela melega}

sh~khinadoaddua phlaia kx~xd wak}x >33?)>313, ph`}b~ sh~maoadoad, gb}hl, mad

~hp}b~ad ihieleke kbd}~enxpe }h~}edooe phmadokad ph`}b~ }h~hdmag mepxinado blhg

sh~}ainadoad mad shdooalead$ Phà~a xixi, ph`}b~)phk}b~ hkbdbie uado ama

phlaia sh~ebmh >33?)>313 me ]adoh~ado Phla}ad ihdoalaie shdedoka}ad kh`xale

ph`}b~ sh~}adead uado sama }agxd >337 phisa} ihdoalaie shdx~xdad$

Phk}b~ sh~}adead mad ph`}b~ sh~}ainadoad mad shdooalead ihinh~ekad

kbd}~enxpe ~hdmag ihdooaina~kad nagwa sbla khgemxsad iapua~aka} pxmag }emak

laoe ihdoadmalkad ph`}b~ sh~}adead, lagad uado ama lhneg meiadjaa}kad xd}xk

ihdme~ekad ~hp}b~ad, gb}hl, a}ax sxpa} sh~nhladfaad$ Phihd}a~a ph`}b~

sh~}ainadoad mad shdooalead ihdooaina~kad khamaad ohbo~aje uado phpxae, me

iada fxilag pxinh~ maua xd}xk iedh~al, ieduak mad oap nxie ~hla}ezh khèl$

]anhl =$1

Gapel Sh~ge}xdoad Edmhkp Lbà}ebd Qxb}ehd} 'LQ%

Kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad ]agxd >33?)>313

Lasadoad Xpaga >33? >337 >335 >313â}a)~a}a

Sh~}adead3$1=31>1

?>=3$10387>

3:53$1>>738

7:3$118838

0513$1>?

Sh~}ainadoad,Shdooalead

3$>:717137

3$>>7=70>?:

3$>18?8::=5

3$>3>3>0170

3$>>5

1:


17/22




Edmxp}~e Shdoblagad3$=33:>8

?813$078>3=

30?3$0?>007

??13$08?07:

:773$0?5

Lep}~ek, Oap, Ae~ Nh~peg1$37:=5=

1>01$33155>

1=3$5:5377

15:3$770?8>

?=>3$57800

17

Nadoxdad >$=?50>0?=1 >$818?3=1?> >$=5==73:07 >$8:80=1>5: >$81=&

Sh~maoadoad, Gb}hl,^hp}b~ad

1$:13>?:7=

1$87778:>88

1$8:530818:

1$8:3=81337

1$87>&

Shdoadokx}ad,kbixdekape

1$10:>75>7=

1$1>>7:=1>?

1$113?:5>57

1$357>33817

1$11?&

Khxadoad,Sh~phwaad,Fapa Sh~xpagaad

0$0>>:10>7

0$113?=3500

>$5:7:?1008

0$35330:335

0$1>0&

Fapa)fapa laed0$>73=8:

0800$11>5>=

?>00$305?15

10:>$553:3?

5>00$13:&

Nh~mapa~kad sh~ge}xdoad LQ me iada gapeldua me}xdfxkkad sama }anhl =$1

ihinh~ekad oaina~ad nagwa me kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad sama }agxd >33?)>313

ph`a~a ~a}a)~a}a ihieleke 8 phk}b~ napep a}ax masa} meka}akad ihdoalaiae

shdx~xdad feka menadmedokad mhdoad sh~ebmh >33?)>335, me iada ]adoh~ado

Phla}ad sama sh~ebmh >33?)>335 ihieleke : phk}b~ napep 'Vxgae~ad >3136?1%$

Amasxd khleia ph`}b~ napep uado iapeg meieleke blhg kb}a ]adoh~ado

Phla}ad amalag 1% ph`}b~ nadoxdad, >% ph`}b~ sh~maoadoad, gb}hl, mad ~hp}b~ad, 0%

ph`}b~ shdoadokx}ad mad kbixdekape, =% ph`}b~ khxadoad, sh~phwaad, mad fapash~xpagaad, 8% ph`}b~ fapa)fapa laed$ Phmadokad ph`}b~ uado sama >313 pxmag }emak

laoe ihdfame ph`}b~ napep amalag ph`}b~ lep}~ek, oap, mad ae~ nh~peg$

Gapel }h~phnx} ihdooaina~kad nagwa ph`}b~)phk}b~ }h~phnx} ihinh~ekad

kbd}~enxpe uado naek }h~gamas shdedoka}ad sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie kb}a ]adoh~ado

Phla}ad, ka~hda khleia ph`}b~ }h~phnx} pxmag iaisx xd}xk ihihdxge khnx}xgad

uado ama me welauagdua mad padoa} ihixdoked xd}xk melakxkaddua hkpsb~ kh

welauag'mah~ag% uado laeddua$

Feka ke}a x~x}kad nh~mapa~kad edmhkp LQ }h~nhpa~, iaka akad mekh}agxe

nagwa ph`}b~ khxadoad, sh~phwaad, mad fapa sh~xpagaad ih~xsakad ph`}b~ napep

uado ihieleke edmhkp }h~nhpa~ menadmedokad ph`}b~ laeddua$

Sama x~x}ad khmxa mepxinado blhg ph`}b~ fapa)fapa laed uado ph`a~a ~a}a)

~a}a ihieleke edmhkp 0$13: a}ax nh~nhma phmeke} mhdoad ph }b~ khxadoad,

sh~phwaad, mad fapa sh~xpagaad$

1?


18/22




Meekx}e blhg ph`}b~ nadoxdad, ph`}b~ sh~maoadoad, gb}hl, mad ~hp}b~ad, mad

ph`}b~ shdoadokx}ad mad kbixdekape sama x~x}ad kh}eoa, khhisa}, mad khleia$

Ihdedoka}dua nhpa~ad delae LQ sama ph`}b~ nadoxdad ma~e }agxd kh }agxd

walax phisa} ihdoalaie shdx~xdad sama >335 ihdoedmekapekad nagwa }hlag

}h~fame shdedoka}ad shdmasa}ad sh~ kase}a phgedooa sh~ied}aad uado }h~fame sama

ph`}b~ }h~phnx} ihdedoka}$ Mee~edoe mhdoad sbpepe ohbo~ajep kb}a ]adoh~ado

Phla}ad uado nh~na}apad ladopxdo mhdoad s~bzedpe Faka~}a mad kb}a Nbob~ ph~}a

melalxe blhg falx~ lalx led}ap a~xp na~ado mad fapa ma~e Fawa ihdxfx Pxia}h~a

a}axsxd phnalekdua$ Ihdfamekad kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad phnaoae kb}a pa}hle} uado

emhal, mad nh~maisak sama sh~}xinxgad uado `xkxs naek sama ph`}b~ ede$

Phihd}a~a ph`}b~)phk}b~ laed uado nxkad ih~xsakad ph`}b~ napep amalag

ph`}b~6 1% sh~}adead, >% sh~}ainadoad mad shdooalead, 0% edmxp}~u shdoblagad, =%

lep}~ek, oap mad ae~ nh~peg ka~hda ihieleke edmhkp LQ me nawag 1$ Khdua}aad

}h~phnx} phfalad mhdoad jak}a uado }h~fame me lasadoad, nagwa khhisa} ph`}b~

}h~phnx} nhlxilag phshdxgdua ihdfame ph`}b~ xdooxlad kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad$

Phk}b~)phk}b~ }h~phnx} malai nh~s~bmxkpe nhlxi iaisx ihihdxge

khnx}xgad uado ama me welauagdua, nagkad ga~xp ihdoeisb~ ma~e lxa~ welauagdua

xd}xk shihdxgaddua$ Phk}b~ nxkad napep ede sh~lx ihdfame pb~b}ad kgxpxp aoa~

kh mhsaddua masa} menad}x mad mekhinadokad ihdfame ph`}b~ napep$

Xd}xk ihdoh}agxe }hd}ado sbla sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie a}ax p}~xk}x~

hkbdbie kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad naek sh~ ph`}b~ iaxsxd ph`a~a khphlx~xgad masa}

melakxkad mhdoad adalepep pgej} pga~h$ Gapel sh~ge}xdoad pgej} pga~h masa} melega}

sama }anhl =$>

]anhl =$1

Gapel Sh~ge}xdoad Pgej} Pga~h Kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad

]agxd >33?)>313

17


19/22




Delae mejjh~hd}eal pgej}'Mf% ph`}b~ sh~hkbdbiead kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad

phlaia }agxd >33?)>313 ama uado sbpe}ej mad dhoa}ezh$ Me iada delae sbpe}ej,

nh~a~}e nagwa }h~masa} ph`}b~ hkbdbie kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad }xinxg lhneg `hsa}

feka menadmedokad mhdoad ph`}b~ uado paia sama }edoka} S~bzedpe Nad}hd$

Phmadokad delae dhoa}ezh nh~a~}e ph`}b~ }h~phnx} }xinxg faxg lhneg laina} feka

menadmedokad ph`}b~ uado paia sama }edoka} S~bzedpe$ Nh~mapa~kad }anhl =$>

}h~masa} leia ph`}b~ mhdoad delae mejjh~hd}eal pgej} sbpe}ej, uae}x ph`}b~

sh~maoadoad, gb}hl, mad ~hp}b~ad mhdoad delae phnhpa~ 0=057$15$ Lalx meekx}e blhg

ph`}b~ nadoxdad phnhpa~ 1:378$?0, sama x~x}ad phladfx}dua me}hisa}e blhg ph`}b~

shdoadokx}ad mad kbixdekape mhdoad delae phnhpa~ 13==?$70, ph`}b~ khxadoad,

sh~phwaad, mad fapa sh~xpagaad fxoa ihieleke delae sbpe}ej, uae}x phnhpa~

:15?$1>=8?:, mad ph`}b~ fapa)fapa ihieleke delae phnhpa~ 113=$?8$

Khleia ph`}b~ }h~phnx} ih~xsakad ph`}b~)phk}b~ mhdoad sh~}xinxgad uado

`hsa}, phgedooa nh~sb}hdpe xd}xk mekhinadokad malai ihia`x sh~}xinxgad

kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad$ Phmadokad khhisa} ph`}b~ uado laed, uae}x ph`}b~

15

Lasadoad Xpaga Of Df Sf Mf

Sh~}adead 817$55 >1?>$07:>7

)

181?>5$7>?0

)1878$:0873

0

Sh~}ainadoad,Shdooalead

:7$18000000

131$:?5??17

)=1:8$:3=>==

)7>$:070135

=

Edmxp}~e Shdoblagad 1=38:$8=08:8=$?1:3

0)

>:7=353$??=

)8=1?$77371

>

Lep}~ek, Oap, Ae~ Nh~peg ?3:?$71378=$131=

:)

:105::$:?=7)

?807$:8>57

Nadoxdad=>:=7$05::

? 15:35$>050)

115>05=$::01:378$?0??

7Sh~maoadoad, Gb}hl,^hp}b~ad 18:07:$5= 130750$:5?

)81=3703$:?>

0=057$15?1=

Shdoadokx}ad,kbixdekape

87705$:8000 >??57$?:5

)1:==508$8==

13==?$70=51

Khxadoad,Sh~phwaad,Fapa Sh~xpagaad :?3=7$>?

==051$>38:8

)1?5:8:>$0=1

:15?$1>=8?:

Fapa)fapa laed8:80?$:8::

?81500$7715

=)

>0585?=$575113=$?87?1

5

Fxilag =301?>$=>5:=35$:?:

=)

18:>=:81$3580:37$7=8>

>


20/22




sh~}adead, ph`}b~ sh~}ainadoad mad shdooalead, ph`}b~ edmpx}~e shdoblagad, mad

ph`}b~ lep}~ek, ae~ nh~peg, mad oap ihieleke delae mejjh~hd}eal pgej} uado dhoa}ezh,

phgedooa uado }h~fame amalag ph`}b~)phk}b~ }h~phnx} ihdoalaie sh~}xinxgad uado

laina}$

KHPEISXLAD

Nh~mapa~kad gapel mad shdoaia}ad uado pxmag melakxkad, iaka shdxlep

ihieleke khpeisxlad phnaoae nh~ekx}6

1$ Nh~mapa~kad gapel sh~ge}xdoad LQ mekh}agxe nagwa ph`}b~ nadk, khxadoad

mad fapa sh~xpagaad amalag ph }b~ napep mhdoad delae uado }h~}edooe

menadmedokad ph`}b~ uado laeddua$

>$ Phk}b~ laeddua uado fxoa masa} meka}hob~ekad phnaoae ph }b~ napep ka~hda

ihieleke delae LQ lhneg ma~e 1 amalag ph`}b~ nadoxdad, ph`}b~ sh~maoadoad,

gb}hl, mad ~hp}b~ad, ph`}b~ shdoadokx}ad mad kbixdekape, ph`}b~ fapa)fapa

laed$

0$ Phk}b~ lep}~ek, oap mad ae~ nh~peg sama }agxd >335 iapeg meka}hob~ekad ph`}b~

napep }h}ase sama >313 pxmag masa} meka}akad }emak ihdfame ph`}b~ napep me

kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad$

=$ Gapel adalepep Pgej} Pga~h ihdxdfxkkad ph }b~ uado `xkxs kbish}e}ej, uae}x

1% ph`}b~ nadoxdad, >% ph`}b~ sh~maoadoad, gb}hl, mad ~hp}b~ad, 0% ph`}b~

shdoadokx}ad mad kbixdekape, =% ph`}b~ khxadoad, sh~phwaad, mad fapa

sh~xpagaad, 8% ph`}b~ fapa)fapa laed$

Malai ~adoka ihia`x sh~}xinxgad hkbdbie me kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad,

mepa~adkad ke~adua ph`}b~)phk}b~ uado sh~lx ihdfame s~eb~e}ap xd}xk

mekhinadokad amalag61$ Ph`}b~ nadoxdad, ka~hda ph`}b~ ede ihieleke delae LQ lhneg ma~e 1'pa}x% mad

ihieleke delae mejjh~hd}eal pgej} uado sbpe}ej$ Me paisedo e}x, mhdoad

shdohinadoad ph`}b~ ede, mega~askad masa} ihdedoka}kad lasadoad kh~fa

naoe iapua~aka}$

>$ Ph }b~ sh~maoadoad, gb}hl, mad ~hp}b~ad, ka~hda ph`}b~ ede ihieleke delae LQ

lhneg ma~e 1'pa}x% mad ihieleke delae Mf uado sbpe}ej$

>3


21/22




0$ Ph }b~ shdoadokx}ad mad kbixdekape, ka~hda ihieleke delae LQ 41 mad delae

Mf uado sbpe}ej$

=$ Ph`}b~ khxadoad, sh~phwaad, mad fapa sh~xpagaad, ka~hda ph }b~ ede

ihieleke delae LQ41 walaxsxd delae LQ }h~xp ihdoalaie shdx~xdad mad

delae Mf uado sbpe}ej$

8$ Ph`}b~ fapa)fapa laed, ka~hda ihieleke delae LQ41 mad fxoa ihdoalaie

shdx~xdad ph}eas }agxddua }h}ase delaedua iapeg `xkxs }edooe meekx}e mhdoad

delae Mf uado fxoa sbpe}ej$

:$ _alax kb}a ]adoh~ado Phla}ad ihieleke nhnh~asa ph`}b~ uado }h~oblbdo

ph`}b~ napep }h}ase ph`}b~)phk}b~ uado nxkad napep }emak masa} meanaekad

malai sh~hdàdaad, nagkad mega~askad sama iapa ihdma}ado masa}

ihdfame ph`}b~ napep$

^HJH^HDPE

Nagad Sxp}aka

Amdad, Davhle$Sb}hdpe Hkbdbie Phk}b~al Kb}a Salhinado$ MalaiJb~mhia, zbl$

= Db$ 1, Fxde >33=$ Gal6 ?>8)?0:

A~puam Led`bld$ 1555$ Hkbdbie Shinaoxdad$ Ubouaka~}a6 Naoead Shdh~ne}ad

P]EH UKSD$

NSP$ Nad}hd Malai Adoka$ NSP Faka~}a, >311

Jamlad, Ixgaiiam Azh~~bhp$ Adalepep Sb}hdpe Sh~}xinxgad Hkbdbie me

S~bzedpe Laisxdo Sh~ebmh >33=)>335 Pk~espe P)1 Fx~xpad Elix Hkbdbie

mad P}xme Shinadoxdad Jakxl}ap Hkbdbie mad Nepdep Xdezh~pe}ap Eplai

Dhoh~e Pua~ej Gemaua}xllag Faka~}a$ >311

Na`g~e, Ja`g~eval mad E~iad$Adalepep Sb}hdpe Phk}b~al Kanxsa}hd Laga} S~bzedpePxia}h~a Phla}ad$ MalaiKafead Hkbdbie, zbl$ > Db$ 1, >330$ Gal 6??)130

Gaiem, Anmxl$ Nxkx Sadmxad Shdxlepad Pk~espe Jakxl}ap Hkbdbie mad Nepdep,

XED Pua~ej Gemaua}xllag Faka~}a, >33?

Fgedoad, I$L$ 155>$ Hkbdbie Shinadoxdad mad Sh~hdàdaad, ]h~fhiagad M$

Ox~e}db$ Faka~}a6 âfawale

>1


22/22




Ibdmal, _ale E$ Ad Adalupep bj ]gh Edmxp}~eal Mhzhlbsihi} Sb}hd}eal bj

Ialaupea6 A Pgej})Pga~h Ass~ba`g malaiFbx~dal bj Nxpedhpp * H`bdbie`

^hpha~`g Zbl$ ZEE Db$ 8, >335$ g$ =1)=:

Pfaj~eval$ Hkbdbie ^hoebdal, ]hb~e mad Aslekape$ Samado6 Namxbph Ihmea$

>337

]a~eoad, ^bnedpbd$ Hkbdbie ^hoebdal, ]hb~e mad Aslekape 'hmepe ~hzepe%$

Faka~}a6 Nxie Akpa~a$ >33?

Uxdad, Vxgae~ad U$Adalepep Shdhd}xad Phk}b~ Xdooxlad Sh~hkbdbiead _elauag

Kb}aiamua ]adoh~ado Phla}ad Mhdoad Shdmhka}ad Shinhd}xk SM^N$

Malai Peodejekad, Zbl$ E, Db$ 0, >313$ gal$ :1)?:$

>>

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