“just in time” delivery
DESCRIPTION
Energy Behavior Change + Low Energy Homes Kent Larson [email protected]. “Just In Time” Delivery. Appalling Statistic: The US, with 5% of the world’s population, consumes 25% of the world’s energy. Energy consumption (kg of oil equivalents per capita) US: 7798 Denmark: 3045. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Appalling Statistic:
The US, with 5% of the world’s population, consumes 25% of the world’s energy
Energy consumption (kg of oil equivalents per capita)
US: 7798Denmark: 3045
US Consumption of Energy:
39% Buildings33% Industrial28% Transportation
US Consumption of Energy in Buildings:
54% Residential46% Commercial & Institutional
Energy consumed over the life of a building:
84% Use13% Manufacturing
2% Construction
1% Demolition
Cost-effectiveness of energy-related investment in cents/kwh:
30-80¢ Photovoltaics
5-10¢ Small Hydro
4-7¢ Nuclear
4-6¢ Gas
4¢ Coal
3¢ Wind
0.8¢ Low Energy Homes(+)Energy Behavior
Change
Energy Sources
Energy Behavior Change
Information at the point of decision – changing driving behavior
Information at the point of decision – changing driving behavior
PlaceLab Energy Wastage Study
• Married couple• 10 week pilot study • 37 electrical circuits
monitored• Activity detection location
every 8 seconds
MITes(MIT Environmental Sensors)
Variations:
1) Object motion
2) Body movement
3) Temperature
4) Light level
5) RFID reader
6) Haptic output
7) Location beacons
8) IR distance ranger
9) Electrical current
(Electrical device use)
10) Ultra violet light
11) Heart rate monitor
Funded by National Science Foundation (NSF)
hinged panels to micro-controllers
speakers
air quality sensors
IR illuminators
hinged panels to sensor bus
cabinet door switches
countertop activity cameras
refrigerator use sensors
microwave use sensors
oven & range use sensors
cabinet drawer sensors
hot water use sensor
cold water use sensor
hinged panels to sensor bus
cabinet door switches
sensor network connections
internet connections
temperature sensors
Power integrated into cabinetry
hinged panels to subwoofers
Data:
Where people areHuman activityHuman Interaction with
systems and objectsState of environment
Focus on:Energy behaviors
PlaceLab
Study 1Potential for reducing consumption
Analysis Tool
Handlense sensor visualization tool• Develope
d at House_n
Unused lights & Devices
Vampire power sources
Example: device consuming power in red, lights on in yellow
Projected Usage
Devices in use
Space in use
Devices and lights on only in spaces with occupancy
42% savings in electrical consumption predicted
Distribution of wasted energy
Study 2GPS Enabled Thermostat
Can we more effectively encourage energy conservation by combining?
Information + Automation +Persuasion +Control +Positive Reinforcement
Automation GPS Enabled Thermostat
Comfortable Temperature
Leave home
Begin toTravel home
Return home
ThermostatSet backWhen unoccupied
Comfortable Temperatureupon arrival
Phone with GPS communicates travel time to home
Automation GPS Enabled Thermostat
Persuasion GPS Enabled Thermostat
Control GPS Enabled Thermostat
Information GPS Enabled Thermostat
Cooling as fast as Possible to 72 deg
Time to Cool 27 min.
Positive Reinforcement GPS Enabled Thermostat
How information is presented is critical!
Which is more effective in encouraging behavior change:
Save 25c today
Save $91 this year
Have $758 more five years from now
Have $22,055 more for retirement at age 65
Study 3
Tunable LED lighting responsive to activity and path prediction w/ Siemens (Sylvania):
(so that office occupants are never aware of lighting adjustment)
MIT House_n Research Consortium Open Prototype Initiative
LowEnergy Homes
b
Open Prototype InitiativeOpen_2
President’s zero-energy house, Unity College, Maine
Disentangled layers with six primary systems:
• Utility chassis• Loft chassis• Roof components• Integrated interior
infill• Responsive façade
components• Agile technologies
Utility chassis: all plumbing, electrical distribution, HVAC, bathrooms, kitchen, solar equipment (highly constrained)
Unity College, Maine President’s Zero Energy, LEED Platinum House
Prefabricated mechanical room
Loft chassis (unconstrained dimensions and form)
Roof components (PV and solar hot water)
Responsive, high performance façade components
Integrated interior infill
Chassis interior w/o infill
Infill design A
Infill design B
Disentangled technologies
mechanical module sliding panels integrated infill wall timber frame “chassis” insulating doors (w/ aerogel) solar shades
Goal: scalable systems, optimized w/o engineers and architects
Open_3: mass customized apartments
Open_3Cambridge, MA
Mass-customized, zero energy, multifamily “living lab”
