justice centre for constitutional freedoms (jccf) - the 2011 campus freedom index - measuring the...

7/31/2019 Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms (JCCF) - The 2011 Campus Freedom Index - Measuring the state of free speech at Canadian universities

1/23

@rw}cgb Gbe}xbanx Gnew}c}r}cnekd Axbbmnow

]fb 8:;; Gkozrw Axbbmno Cembv

Obkwrxcei }fb w}k}b na axbb wzbbgf k} Gkekmcke recqbxwc}cbw

Hs @nfe Gkxzks kem Ocgfkbd O% Lbeebms

@GGA%gk

@rw}cgb Gbe}xb anx Gnew}c}r}cnekd Axbbmnow'827$ 918: Bdhny Mxcqb WYGkdikxs$ Kdhbx}k$ ]8Q ;L8

Zfneb0 =:7/=92/7188yyy%`gga%gk


2/23

Kglenydbmibobe}w

]fb @rw}cgb Gbe}xb anx Gnew}c}r}cnekd Axbbmnow &@GGA# kglenydbmibw yc}f ixk}c}rmb }fb

ibebxnrw wrzznx} na }fb Krxbk Anremk}cne$ kw ybdd kw }fb ibebxnwc}s na fremxbmw na Gkekmckewaxno gnkw} }n gnkw} yfn wrzznx} }fb @GGAw xbwbkxgf kem dc}cik}cne ynxl ce wrzznx} na }fb

gnew}c}r}cnekd axbbmnow na Gkekmckew%

]fb kr}fnxw kglenydbmib yc}f ixk}c}rmb }fb xbwbkxgf kem bmc}cei gne}xchr}cnew okmb yc}f xbwzbg}

}n ]fb 8:;; Gkozrw Axbbmno Cembv kem ]fb w}k}b na gkozrw axbb wzbbgf ce 8:;; &gnozkecnemngrobe}# hs erobxnrw cemcqcmrkdw$ cegdrmcei Kmbddb Kxgfbx$ Zkcib OkgZfbxwne$ @kocb

Fbddbybdd$ Kmko Ickegndk$ kem @keb} Lbbzcei%

Khnr} }fb kr}fnxw

@nfe Gkxzks cw Zxbwcmbe} na }fb @rw}cgb Gbe}xb anx Gnew}c}r}cnekd Axbbmnow% Fb bkxebm fcw H%K%ce Zndc}cgkd Wgcbegb k} Dkqkd Recqbxwc}s$ kem fcw DD%H% axno }fb Recqbxwc}s na Gkdikxs% @nfe fkw

mbabembm gnew}c}r}cnekd xcif}w kem axbbmnow ce }fb Kdhbx}k Gnrx} na [rbbew Hbegf &Hncwwnce q%

Drem#$ Wkwlk}gfbyke Gnrx} na Kzzbkd &Yfk}gn}} q% Wkwlk}gfbyke Froke Xcif}w Gnoocwwcne#$

Abmbxkd Gnrx} na Kzzbkd &Hbenc} q% Gkekmk#$ kem Wrzxbob Gnrx} na Gkekmk &X% q% Lkzz#% Fb

grxxbe}ds kg}w anx wbqbe w}rmbe}w yfn kxb wrcei }fb Recqbxwc}s na Gkdikxs ce }fb Kdhbx}k Gnrx} na

[rbbew Hbegf &Ycdwne q% Recqbxwc}s na Gkdikxs# ce mbabegb na }fbcx gkozrw axbb wzbbgf xcif}w%Ce 8:;:$ Zxbw}ne Okeecei zxbwbe}bm @nfe Gkxzks yc}f }fb Zsxkocm Kykxm anx Cmbkw kem ZrhdcgZndcgs$ ce xbgniec}cne na @nfew ynxl ce gnew}c}r}cnekd kmqngkgs kem ce hrcdmcei ene/zxnac} dbikd

anremk}cnew% @nfe fkw kdwn wbxqbm kw }fb Kdhbx}k Mcxbg}nx na }fb Gkekmcke ]kvzksbxw Abmbxk}cne&8::;/8::2#$ kmqngk}cei anx dnybx }kvbw$ dbww ykw}b$ kem kggnre}khdb inqbxeobe}% @nfe$ fcw ycab

Hkxhxk$ kem }fbcx anrx gfcdmxbe xbwcmb ce Gkdikxs%

Ocgfkbd Lbeebms ixkmrk}bm axno Mkdfnrwcb Recqbxwc}s yc}f k H%K% ce zndc}cgkd wgcbegb kem

bgnenocgw% Ocgfkbd ykw }fb gn/anrembx kem Bvbgr}cqb Mcxbg}nx na }fb Mkdfnrwcb Dchbx}s

Wngcb}s$ k gkozrw ixnrz mbmcgk}bm }n bmrgk}cei w}rmbe}w khnr} }fb zfcdnwnzfs na wngckd$ zndc}cgkd

kem bgnenocg axbbmno% Fb cw k Ocddbeecro Bvgbddbegb Kykxm dkrxbk}b kem fkw wbxqbm cedbkmbxwfcz xndbw anx k qkxcb}s na gcqcg kem gnoorec}s ixnrzw$ cegdrmcei fcw dngkd Lcykecw Gdrh%

Ocgfkbd fkw ynxlbm ce k erohbx na zndcgs xndbw$ kw k orecgczkd zndcgs kwwcw}ke} kem kw k xbwbkxgf

kwwcw}ke} yc}f }fb Gkekmcke ]kvzksbxw Abmbxk}cne% K zxnrm ek}cqb na Gkzb Hxb}ne$ Enqk Wgn}ck$fb grxxbe}ds dcqbw ce Ykwfcei}ne$ MG$ ynxlcei anx }fb Kobxcgke Gnregcd na ]xrw}bbw kem

Kdroec$ ke nxikecpk}cne mbmcgk}bm }n zxnon}cei kgkmbocg axbbmno$ bvgbddbegb kem

kggnre}khcdc}s k} gnddbibw kem recqbxwc}cbw%


3/23

;

Khnr} }fb @rw}cgb Gbe}xb anx Gnew}c}r}cnekd Axbbmnow

(Ebqbx mnrh} }fk} k wokdd ixnrz na }fnrif}ard$ gnooc}}bm zbnzdb

gke gfkeib }fb ynxdm% Cembbm$ c} cw }fb neds }fcei }fk} bqbx fkw%(

]fb axbb kem mbongxk}cg wngcb}s yfcgf }fb Gkekmcke Gfkx}bx na Xcif}w kem Axbbmnow fndmw nr} kw nrx

cmbkd gke neds hb ardacddbm hs fnenrxcei kem zxbwbxqcei Gkekmkw }xkmc}cnew na axbbmno na wzbbgf$axbbmno na xbdcicne$ axbbmno na kwwngck}cne$ n}fbx cemcqcmrkd xcif}w$ gnew}c}r}cnekdds dcoc}bminqbxeobe}$ }fb b{rkdc}s na kdd gc}cpbew hbanxb }fb dky$ kem }fb xrdb na dky%

Kem sb} }fbwb gnxb zxcegczdbw na axbbmno kem b{rkdc}s gne}cerb }n hb bxnmbm hs inqbxeobe}w kem hsinqbxeobe}/arembm kem inqbxeobe}/gxbk}bm be}c}cbw dclb Gkekmkw zrhdcg recqbxwc}cbw$ kem frokexcif}w gnoocwwcnew k} }fb abmbxkd kem zxnqcegckd dbqbdw%

]fb @rw}cgb Gbe}xb anx Gnew}c}r}cnekd Axbbmnow &@GGA# ykw anrembm ce 8:;: anx }fb zrxznwb nakmqkegcei kem zxnon}cei }fb gnxb zxcegczdbw na axbbmno kem b{rkdc}s }fxnrif bmrgk}cne kem dc}cik}cne%]fb @GGA cw k xbicw}bxbm gfkxc}s &gfkxc}khdb xbicw}xk}cne erohbx 6;9;9=612/XX:::;# kem cwwrbw

naacgckd }kv xbgbcz}w }n mnenxw anx mnek}cnew na -2: nx onxb% ]fb @GGA cw arembm be}cxbds hs }fbqndre}kxs mnek}cnew na axbbmno/ocembm Gkekmckew yfn kixbb yc}f }fb Gbe}xbw inkdw$ ocwwcne$ qcwcnekem kg}cqc}cbw% ]fb gbe}xb cw cembzbembe} kem ene/zkx}cwke$ kem xbgbcqbw en aremcei axno kesinqbxeobe} nx inqbxeobe} nxikecpk}cne%

Zxnon}cei mcwgnrxwb cw en} kdyksw benrif% ]fbxbanxb$ }fb @GGA zxnqcmbwzxn hnen dbikdxbzxbwbe}k}cne }n Gkekmckew akgcei k qcndk}cne na neb na }fbcx froke xcif}w nx gnew}c}r}cnekd axbbmnow%

Hnkxm na Mcxbg}nxw kem Kmqcwnxs Gnregcd

Xnhbx} Mnecgl &Gfkcxoke#$ Xnhce Gkoz kem Mkecbd Wke}nxn wbxqb ne }fb @GGAw inqbxecei Hnkxm%

]fb Kmqcwnxs Gnregcd obohbxw kxb0

Mx% Xrwwbd Hxnye$ Akgrd}s na Dky$ Recqbxwc}s na Kdhbx}k$ Bmone}neIbxkdm Gfczbrx$ [%G%$ Ocddbx ]fnowne DDZ$ GkdikxsMx% Hkxxs Gnnzbx$ Mbzkx}obe} na Zndc}cgkd Wgcbegb$ Recqbxwc}s na GkdikxsHxkm Ocddbx$ Akgrd}s na Dky$ Recqbxwc}s na Ybw}bxe Ne}kxcn$ Dnemne]no Xnww$ OgDbeeke Xnww DDZ$ GkdikxsMx% Gdcqb Wbdcioke$ Recqbxwc}s na Ybw}bxe Ne}kxcn Mbzkx}obe} na ZwsgfndnisOcgfkbd ]krhb$ `nrxekdcw} kem zrhdcg zndcgs gnoobe}k}nx$ ]nxne}n

W}kaa

Gkdikxs dkysbx kem @GGA Zxbwcmbe} @nfe Gkxzks xbgbcqbm }fb 8:;: Zsxkocm Kykxm ce Cmbkw kemZrhdcg Zndcgs axno }fb Okeecei Gbe}xb anx Hrcdmcei Mbongxkgs$ ce xbgniec}cne na fcw ynxl cegnew}c}r}cnekd kmqngkgs% W}rmbe}/k}/Dky Gkxnd Gxnwwne bkxebm fbx DD%H% k} }fb Recqbxwc}s na Gkdikxs$kem ycdd hb gkddbm }n }fb Kdhbx}k Hkx ce 8:;8%


4/23

8

Ce}xnmrg}cne

]fb Gkozrw Axbbmno Cembv wbblw }n obkwrxb }fb gnooc}obe} na Gkekmkw zrhdcg recqbxwc}cbw$ kw ybddkw w}rmbe} recnew$ }n rzfndmcei }fb xcif}w na w}rmbe}w }n bvzxbww }fbcx hbdcbaw$ nzcecnew kem zfcdnwnzfsne gkozrw ce k zbkgbard okeebx%

Mx% W}bzfbe ]nnzb$ Zxbwcmbe} na }fb Recqbxwc}s na Hxc}cwf Gndrohck$ fkw dkobe}bm }fk} ce Gkekmk ybfkqb wbbe okes bvkozdbw na w}rmbe}w }xscei }n wfr} mnye wzbklbxw yc}f yfno }fbs mcwkixbb% Ce kece}bxqcby yc}f }fb Idnhb kem Okcd$ Mx% ]nnzb fkw kwwbx}bm }fk} }fb xndb na }fb recqbxwc}s cw }nbegnrxkib }nrif {rbw}cnecei$ kem gdbkx bvzxbwwcnew na mcwkixbbobe}$ hr} en} }fb wcdbegcei( nakd}bxek}cqb qcbyw% Recqbxwc}cbw kxb wc}bw anx }fb gne}bw}k}cne na qkdrbw$ en} zdkgbw yfbxb bqbxsneb fkw }nkixbb% ]fk} obkew }fk} wzbklbxw yb mne)} dclb$ nx bqbe xbwzbg}$ wfnrdm hb kddnybm }n zr} anxykxm }fbcxqcbyw \yfcgf gke_ }fbe hb gfkddbeibm kem kxirbm nqbx%

Neb na }fb hciibw} }fxbk}w }n axbb wzbbgf ce Gkekmk gnobw axno recqbxwc}cbw yfcgf gnemneb cddbikdkg}cqc}cbw ne }fb zkx} na zbnzdb yfn nhw}xrg}$ ce}bxxrz}$ ce}bxabxb yc}f$ kem baabg}cqbds wfr} mnye }fb

bqbe}w kem wzbbgfbw na zbnzdb }fbs mcwkixbb yc}f% Wbg}cne =7: na }fb Gxcocekd Gnmb oklbw c} kenaabegb }n nhw}xrg}$ ce}bxxrz} nx ce}bxabxb yc}f kes zbxwne ce }fb dkyard rwb$ be`nsobe} nx nzbxk}cne nazxnzbx}s%

Hr} recqbxwc}cbw ce N}}kyk$ One}xbkd$ Yk}bxdnn$ Fkdcakv$ Qkegnrqbx$ kem Gkdikxs fkqb }rxebm k hdcembsb }n zbnzdb zfswcgkdds nhw}xrg}cei kem mcwxrz}cei wzbbgf }fbs mcwkixbb yc}f% ]fcw akcdrxb }n rzfndm}fb xrdb na dky wbemw k qbxs gdbkx obwwkib ce wrzznx} na onh xrdb0 ca snr mcwkixbb yc}f wnobneb$ }fbewcdbegb }fk} zbxwne kem zxbqbe} }fk} zbxwne axno bvzxbwwcei fbx nx fcw qcbyw% Yfb}fbx recqbxwc}cbw}fbowbdqbw xbw}xcg} gne}xnqbxwckd kem zndc}cgkdds cegnxxbg} wzbbgf$ nx yfb}fbx }fbs akcd }n rzfndm }fb xrdbna dky ne gkozrw$ ce hn}f gkwbw }fb bem xbwrd} cw gbewnxwfcz%

K recqbxwc}sw ycddceiebww }n rzfndm axbb bvzxbwwcne xcif}w ne gkozrw cw mbonew}xk}bm ce }yn yksw%Acxw}ds$ recqbxwc}cbw kem w}rmbe} recnew gke xbaxkce axno gne}be}/hkwbm gbewnxwfcz$ kem xbaxkce axnomcwgxcocek}cei kikcew} w}rmbe}w nx gkozrw gdrhw ne }fb hkwcw na hbdcba$ nzcecne$ zfcdnwnzfs$ nxbvzxbwwcne% Wbgnemds$ recqbxwc}cbw gke rzfndm }fb xrdb na dky ce gkwbw yfbxb zbnzdb beikib ce gxcocekdgnemrg} &b%i% qcndbegb$ zfswcgkd nhw}xrg}cne$ zfswcgkd ce}bxabxbegb# kikcew} }fnwb yfnwb bvzxbwwcne }fbsmcwdclb nx mcwkixbb yc}f%

]fb Gkozrw Axbbmno Cembv dnnlw k} }fb zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw na recqbxwc}cbw kem w}rmbe} recnew&yfk} }fbs wks#$ kem k} }fbcx kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw &yfk} }fbs mn#%

Kggnxmceids$ }fb Gkozrw Axbbmno Cembv kwwciew xkelceiw ce anrx mcw}ceg} kxbkw0

;% recqbxwc}s zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw8% recqbxwc}s kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw7% w}rmbe} recne zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw$ kem=% w}rmbe} recne kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw

]fb ob}fnmndnis rwbm ce }fb Gkozrw Axbbmno Cembv cw bvzdkcebm ce ixbk}bx mb}kcd ce k wbzkxk}bwbg}cne%


5/23

7

Ob}fnmndnis

]fb Gkozrw Axbbmno Cembv wbblw }n obkwrxb }fb gnooc}obe} na Gkekmkw zrhdcg recqbxwc}cbw$ kw ybddkw w}rmbe} recnew$ }n rzfndmcei }fb xcif}w na w}rmbe}w }n bvzxbww }fbcx hbdcbaw$ nzcecnew kem zfcdnwnzfsne gkozrw ce k zbkgbard okeebx%

K recqbxwc}sw ycddceiebww }n rzfndm axbb bvzxbwwcne xcif}w ne gkozrw cw mbonew}xk}bm ce }yn yksw%Acxw}ds$ recqbxwc}cbw gke xbaxkce axno gne}be}/hkwbm gbewnxwfcz$ kem xbaxkce axno mcwgxcocek}cei kikcew}w}rmbe}w nx gkozrw gdrhw ne }fb hkwcw na hbdcba$ nzcecne$ zfcdnwnzfs$ nx bvzxbwwcne% Wbgnemds$recqbxwc}cbw gke rzfndm }fb xrdb na dky ce gkwbw yfbxb zbnzdb beikib ce gxcocekd gnemrg} &b%i% qcndbegb$nhw}xrg}cne$ ce}bxabxbegb# kikcew} }fnwb yfnwb bvzxbwwcne }fbs mcwdclb nx mcwkixbb yc}f%

]fb Gkozrw Axbbmno Cembv dnnlw k} }fb zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw na recqbxwc}cbw kem w}rmbe} recnew&yfk} }fbs wks#$ kem k} }fbcx kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw &yfk} }fbs mn#% Kggnxmceids$ }fb Gkozrw AxbbmnoCembv kwwciew xkelceiw ce anrx mcw}ceg} kxbkw0 recqbxwc}s zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw$ recqbxwc}s kg}cnew kemzxkg}cgbw$ w}rmbe} recne zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw$ kem w}rmbe} recne kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw%

;% Recqbxwc}s zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw gxc}bxck anx xkelceiw

Recqbxwc}s zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw yc}f k xkelcei na Innm abk}rxbm onw} nx kdd na }fb anddnycei0

K gdbkx kem reb{rcqngkd gnooc}obe} }n axbbmno na bvzxbwwcne$ wb} nr} ce neb nx onxb na }fbanddnycei mngrobe}w0 ocwwcne w}k}bobe}$ qcwcne w}k}bobe}$ w}k}bobe} ne kgkmbocg axbbmno$Gnmb na Gnemrg} nx Gnmb na W}rmbe} Hbfkqcnrx$ kem zrhdcg w}k}bobe}w hs }fb recqbxwc}swzxbwcmbe} nx n}fbx wbecnx naacgbxw

Wrzznx} anx axbb wzbbgf }fk} cw en} {rkdcacbm hs$ nx gne}xkmcg}bm hs$ k hke ne wzbbgf yfcgfrecqbxwc}s kmocecw}xk}nxw gnewcmbx }n hb mcwgxcocek}nxs$ naabewcqb$ frx}ard$ zxnqngk}cqb$

mcwxbwzbg}ard$ cewrd}cei$ nx mcqcwcqb Wzkgb/hnnlcei kem akgcdc}s/xbe}kd zndcgcbw yfcgf mn en} mcwgxcocek}b kikcew} w}rmbe}w nx w}rmbe}

ixnrzw hkwbm ne nzcecne$ zfcdnwnzfs$ hbdcba$ nx gne}be} na bvzxbwwcne

Ke}c/mcwxrz}cne zndcgcbw yfcgf oklb c} gdbkx }fk} nhw}xrg}cei$ ce}bxabxcei yc}f$ nx ce}bxxrz}cei}fb bvzxbwwcne na n}fbx zbnzdb cw rekggbz}khdb gnemrg}

Ke khwbegb na w}rmbe} akgcdc}k}nxw kem n}fbx recqbxwc}s naacgckdw zkcm }n zxnon}b nx beanxgbkohcirnrw kem zndc}cgkdds gnxxbg} cmbkdw qkxcnrwds gfkxkg}bxcpbm kw b{rc}s nx mcqbxwc}s

Froke xcif}w zndcgcbw$ ke}c/mcwgxcocek}cne zndcgcbw$ kem ke}c/fkxkwwobe} zndcgcbw yfcgf cegdrmbzxnqcwcnew cemcgk}cei gdbkxds }fk} }fbwb zndcgcbw gkeen} hb rwbm }n dcoc}$ xbw}xcg} nx gbewnx }fbbvzxbwwcne na cmbkw ne gkozrw

Wbgrxc}s abb zndcgcbw yfcgf mn en} zbekdcpb gne}xnqbxwckd bvzxbwwcne hs gfkxicei }rc}cne/zksceiw}rmbe}w bv}xk onebs }n wbgrxb }fbcx hkwcg xcif} }n hb zxn}bg}bm axno qcndbegb kem axno n}fbxgxcocekd gnemrg} &b%i% nhw}xrg}cne$ ce}bxabxbegb$ ce}bxxrz}cne#

]fb khwbegb na dkeirkib zndcgcbw kem wzbbgf gnmbw yfcgf wbbl }n bxkmcgk}b }fceiw dclb kebik}cqb beqcxneobe}$ fb}bxnwbvcwo$ kem k gfcdds gdcok}b

]fb kr}fnxw kglenydbmib }fk} k recqbxwc}sw ce}bxekd froke xcif}w zndcgcbw$ ke}c/mcwgxcocek}cnezndcgcbw$ kem ke}c/fkxkwwobe} zndcgcbw mn en} ebgbwwkxcds xbw}xcg} }fb bvzxbwwcne na nzcecne ne wngckd$zndc}cgkd$ xbdcicnrw$ zfcdnwnzfcgkd kem n}fbx ok}}bxw%


6/23

=

Fnybqbx$ bvzbxcbegb yc}f abmbxkd kem zxnqcegckd froke xcif}w dkyw fkw mbonew}xk}bm }fk} innmce}be}cnew }n zxnon}b froke xcif}w fkqb ebqbx}fbdbww xbwrd}bm ce gc}cpbew hbcei zxnwbgr}bm anx fkqceizbkgbardds bvzxbwwbm }fbcx nzcecnew% Zxnwbgr}cnew anx mcwgxcocek}nxs nx mcwxbwzbg}ard wzbbgf fkqbhbbe dkregfbm kikcew} Bpxk Dbqke}$ W}bzfbe Hncwwnce$ Ycddcko Yfk}gn}}$ Gkdikxs Hcwfnz Axbm Fbexs$Okgdbkew okikpceb$ kem okes n}fbx zbnzdb kem zrhdcgk}cnew% ]fbxbanxb$ k recqbxwc}sw froke xcif}w

zndcgcbw kxb xbqcbybm }n wbb yfb}fbx }fbs cegdrmb bvzxbww dkeirkib cemcgk}cei }fk}0 }fb zndcgcbw gkeen} hb rwbm }n gbewnx wzbbgf nx xbw}xcg} kgkmbocg axbbmno }fb zndcgcbw kzzds neds }n recqbxwc}s bozdnsbbw yfcdb ynxlcei$ kem en} }n wzbbgf ne gkozrw

ibebxkdds%

Ce }fb khwbegb na wrgf gdkxc}s$ }fbwb zndcgcbw dbkqb }fb mnnx nzbe }n hbcei khrwbm kw k }nnd }n gbewnx }fbbvzxbwwcne na cmbkw }fk} wnob oks acem naabewcqb nx frx}ard%

Recqbxwc}s zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw yc}f k xkelcei na Znnx abk}rxbm onw} nx kdd na }fb anddnycei0

Ke khwbegb na k gdbkx kem reb{rcqngkd gnooc}obe} }n axbb bvzxbwwcne ce mngrobe}w wrgf kw }fbrecqbxwc}sw ocwwcne w}k}bobe}$ qcwcne w}k}bobe}$ w}k}bobe} ne kgkmbocg axbbmno$ Gnmb na

Gnemrg} nx Gnmb na W}rmbe} Hbfkqcnrx$ kem zrhdcg w}k}bobe}w hs }fb recqbxwc}sw zxbwcmbe} nxn}fbx wbecnx naacgbxw

[rkdcacbm wrzznx} anx axbb wzbbgf$ yc}f zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw }fk} boznybx recqbxwc}skmocecw}xk}nxw }n xbw}xcg} nx gbewnx wzbbgf yfcgf }fbs gnewcmbx }n hb mcwgxcocek}nxs$naabewcqb$ frx}ard$ zxnqngk}cqb$ mcwxbwzbg}ard$ cewrd}cei$ nx mcqcwcqb

Wzkgb/hnnlcei kem akgcdc}s/xbe}kd zndcgcbw yfcgf mcwgxcocek}b kikcew} w}rmbe}w nx w}rmbe} ixnrzwhkwbm ne nzcecne$ zfcdnwnzfs$ hbdcba$ nx gne}be} na bvzxbwwcne

]fb khwbegb na ke}c/mcwxrz}cne zndcgcbw yfcgf oklb c} gdbkx }fk} nhw}xrg}cei$ ce}bxabxcei yc}f$ nxce}bxxrz}cei }fb bvzxbwwcne na n}fbx zbnzdb cw rekggbz}khdb gnemrg}

]fb bvcw}begb na w}rmbe} akgcdc}k}nxw kem n}fbx recqbxwc}s w}kaa boznybxbm }n zxnon}b nxbeanxgb kohcirnrw kem zndc}cgkdds gnxxbg} cmbkdw qkxcnrwds gfkxkg}bxcpbm kw b{rc}s nx

mcqbxwc}s Froke xcif}w zndcgcbw$ ke}c/mcwgxcocek}cne zndcgcbw$ kem ke}c/fkxkwwobe} zndcgcbw yfcgf dkgl

zxnqcwcnew cemcgk}cei gdbkxds }fk} }fbwb zndcgcbw gkeen} hb rwbm }n dcoc}$ xbw}xcg} nx gbewnx }fbbvzxbwwcne na cmbkw ne gkozrw

Wbgrxc}s abb zndcgcbw yfcgf zbekdcpb gne}xnqbxwckd bvzxbwwcne hs gfkxicei }rc}cne/zksceiw}rmbe}w bv}xk onebs }n wbgrxb }fbcx hkwcg xcif} }n hb zxn}bg}bm axno qcndbegb kem axno n}fbxgxcocekd gnemrg} &b%i% nhw}xrg}cne$ ce}bxabxbegb$ ce}bxxrz}cne#

Dkeirkib zndcgcbw kem wzbbgf gnmbw yfcgf wbbl }n bxkmcgk}b }fceiw dclb k ebik}cqbbeqcxneobe}$ fb}bxnwbvcwo$ kem k gfcdds gdcok}b

Zndcgcbw boznybxcei }fb recqbxwc}s }n wfr} mnye wzne}kebnrw zbkgbard bvzxbwwcne ne gkozrwbqbe yfbe w}rmbe}w fkqb en} qcndk}bm kes recqbxwc}s xrdb$ xbirdk}cne$ zndcgs nx hsdky

Recqbxwc}s zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw yc}f k xkelcei na Obmcngxb abk}rxbm k ocv}rxb na }fb akg}nxw wb}nr} khnqb%


7/23

2

8% Recqbxwc}s kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw gxc}bxck anx xkelceiw

Recqbxwc}s kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw yc}f k xkelcei na Znnx abk}rxbm neb nx onxb na }fb anddnycei0

Akcdcei }n rzfndm }fb xrdb na dky hs gnemnecei gxcocekd gnemrg} ne gkozrw$ cegdrmcei qcndbegbkem zfswcgkd nhw}xrg}cne$ ce}bxxrz}cne kem ce}bxabxbegb mcxbg}bm k} }fnwb yfn kxb zbkgbarddsbvzxbwwcei }fbcx nzcecnew ne gkozrw &b%i% k recqbxwc}s gnemnecei }fb ce}bxxrz}cne kem wfr}}ceimnye na ke bqbe} hs zxn}bw}bxw$ wrgf }fk} }fb bqbe}w wzbklbx gkeen} hb fbkxm#

Recqbxwc}s xbw}xcg}cnew coznwbm neds ne neb zkx}cgrdkx qcbyznce}$ nzcecne$ zfcdnwnzfs nxbvzxbwwcne$ yfcgf kxb en} hkwbm ne kes recqbxwc}s xrdbw$ xbirdk}cnew$ zndcgcbw nx hsdkyw &b%i% krecqbxwc}s mbokem }fk} neb zkx}cgrdkx ixnrz }rxe c}w wciew ceykxmw wn }fk} en zkwwbxw/hs gke wbb}fbo#

]fb recqbxwc}sw mbeckd na b{rkd kggbww }n qberbw$ akgcdc}cbw$ nx zxnocebe} zdkgbw ne gkozrw }nneb gdrh nx ixnrz hkwbm ne c}w qcbyznce}$ nzcecne$ zfcdnwnzfs nx bvzxbwwcne &b%i% cewcw}cei }fk}k zkx}cgrdkx ixnrz gke neds rwb ke nr}/na/}fb/yks hkgl/xnno }fk} fkw en ykdl/hs nx ykdl/

}fxnrif }xkaacg$ yfcdb kddnycei kdd n}fbx ixnrzw kggbww }n zxnocebe} kem fcif/qcwchcdc}s dngk}cnewne gkozrw#

]fxbk}becei w}rmbe}w yc}f gfkxibw na }xbwzkwwcei$ nx gfkxibw na ene/kgkmbocg ocwgnemrg}$ nxhn}f$ kw k gnewb{rbegb anx akcdcei }n wrhoc} }n k mcwgxcocek}nxs mbokem na }fb lcem bvzdkcebm ce}fb }yn znce}w khnqb

Gkxxscei nr} }fb }fxbk}w$ hs gfkxicei w}rmbe}w yc}f }xbwzkwwcei nx ene/kgkmbocg ocwgnemrg} nxhn}f yfbe }fbs akcd }n wrhoc} }n mcwgxcocek}nxs mbokemw

Anxgchds wfr}}cei mnye }fb zbkgbard bvzxbwwcne na gne}xnqbxwckd bvzxbwwcne ne gkozrw$ nxanxgchds zxbqbe}cei c} axno }klcei zdkgb

Coznwcei wbgrxc}s abbw rec{rbds ne gdrhw yfcgf fkqb ke nzcecne$ qcby nx zfcdnwnzfs yfcgfrecqbxwc}s kmocecw}xk}nxw gnewcmbx }n hb gne}xnqbxwckd$ naabewcqb$ nx zxnqngk}cqb

Zxbqbe}cei gne}xnqbxwckd wzbklbxw axno wzbklcei ne gkozrw$ nx }xbk}cei wzbklbxw mcaabxbe}dsmbzbemcei ne }fb wzbklbxw nzcecne$ qcby nx zfcdnwnzfs

Recqbxwc}s kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw yc}f k xkelcei na Innm abk}rxbm eneb na }fbwb akg}nxw%

7% W}rmbe} recne zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw gxc}bxck anx xkelceiw

W}rmbe} recne zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw yc}f k xkelcei na Innm abk}rxbm onw} nx kdd na }fb anddnycei0

Gdrh xk}cacgk}cne &gbx}cacgk}cne# zndcgcbw yfcgf mn en} kddny }fb w}rmbe} recne }n xbarwb w}k}rw }nk gdrh$ nx xbonqb w}k}rw axno k gdrh$ hkwbm rec{rbds ne }fb gdrhw hbdcba$ nzcecne$ zfcdnwnzfs nxbvzxbwwcne

W}rmbe} bdbg}cne zndcgcbw yfcgf mn en} boznybx }fb Gfcba Xb}rxecei Naacgbx &nx n}fbx naacgckdw#}n gbewnx }fb gne}be} na bdbg}cne gkozkcie ok}bxckdw ne ixnremw }fk} }fb ok}bxckdw kxbmcwgxcocek}nxs$ ceb{rc}khdb$ naabewcqb$ nx ebik}cqb

]fb khwbegb na k xb{rcxbobe} }fk} kdd gkozrw gdrhw orw} zxnon}b b{rc}s$ mcqbxwc}s$b{rkdc}s nx ken}fbx zndc}cgkd inkd bw}khdcwfbm hs }fb w}rmbe} recne


8/23

1

K gdbkx kem reb{rcqngkd gnooc}obe} }n axbbmno na bvzxbwwcne$ wb} nr} ce ke naacgckd mngrobe}$}fk} cw en} {rkdcacbm hs$ nx gne}xkmcg}bm hs$ xbw}xcg}cnew ne wzbbgf yfcgf }fb w}rmbe} recnembbow }n hb mcwgxcocek}nxs$ naabewcqb$ frx}ard$ zxnqngk}cqb$ mcwxbwzbg}ard$cewrd}cei$ mcqcwcqb$ nx cekzzxnzxck}b

Wzkgb/hnnlcei kem akgcdc}s/xbe}kd zndcgcbw yfcgf mn en} mcwgxcocek}b kikcew} w}rmbe}w nx w}rmbe}ixnrzw hkwbm ne nzcecne$ zfcdnwnzfs$ hbdcba$ nx gne}be} na bvzxbwwcne

Ke khwbegb na w}rmbe} recne w}kaa yfn kxb zkcm }n zxnon}b nx beanxgb kohcirnrw kem zndc}cgkddsgnxxbg} cmbkdw qkxcnrwds gfkxkg}bxcpbm kw b{rc}s$ mcqbxwc}s$ nx b{rkdc}s Froke xcif}w zndcgcbw$ ke}c/mcwgxcocek}cne zndcgcbw$ kem ke}c/fkxkwwobe} zndcgcbw yfcgf cegdrmb

zxnqcwcnew cemcgk}cei gdbkxds }fk} }fbwb zndcgcbw gkeen} hb rwbm }n dcoc}$ xbw}xcg} nx gbewnx }fbbvzxbwwcne na cmbkw ne gkozrw

]fb khwbegb na dkeirkib zndcgcbw kem wzbbgf gnmbw yfcgf wbbl }n bxkmcgk}b }fceiw dclb kebik}cqb beqcxneobe}$ fb}bxnwbvcwo$ kem k gfcdds gdcok}b

]fb kr}fnxw kglenydbmib }fk} k w}rmbe} recnew froke xcif}w zndcgcbw$ ke}c/mcwgxcocek}cne zndcgcbw$ kemke}c/fkxkwwobe} zndcgcbw mn en} ebgbwwkxcds xbw}xcg} }fb bvzxbwwcne na nzcecne ne wngckd$ zndc}cgkd$xbdcicnrw$ zfcdnwnzfcgkd kem n}fbx ok}}bxw%

Fnybqbx$ bvzbxcbegb yc}f abmbxkd kem zxnqcegckd froke xcif}w dkyw fkw mbonew}xk}bm }fk} innmce}be}cnew }n zxnon}b froke xcif}w fkqb ebqbx}fbdbww xbwrd}bm ce gc}cpbew hbcei zxnwbgr}bm anx fkqceizbkgbardds bvzxbwwbm }fbcx nzcecnew% Zxnwbgr}cnew anx mcwgxcocek}nxs nx mcwxbwzbg}ard wzbbgf fkqbhbbe dkregfbm kikcew} Bpxk Dbqke}$ W}bzfbe Hncwwnce$ Ycddcko Yfk}gn}}$ Gkdikxs Hcwfnz Axbm Fbexs$Okgdbkew okikpceb$ kem okes n}fbx zbnzdb kem zrhdcgk}cnew% ]fbxbanxb$ k w}rmbe} recnew frokexcif}w zndcgcbw kxb xbqcbybm }n wbb yfb}fbx }fbs cegdrmb bvzxbww dkeirkib cemcgk}cei }fk}0

}fb zndcgcbw gkeen} hb rwbm }n gbewnx wzbbgf nx xbw}xcg} kgkmbocg axbbmno }fb zndcgcbw kzzds neds }n recqbxwc}s bozdnsbbw yfcdb ynxlcei$ kem en} }n wzbbgf ne gkozrw

ibebxkdds%

Ce }fb khwbegb na wrgf gdkxc}s$ }fbwb zndcgcbw dbkqb }fb mnnx nzbe }n hbcei khrwbm kw k }nnd }n gbewnx }fbbvzxbwwcne na cmbkw }fk} wnob oks acem naabewcqb nx frx}ard%

Arx}fbx$ }fb kr}fnxw hbdcbqb }fk} w}rmbe} recnew wfnrdm fkqb }fb xcif} }n mcwgczdceb kem gkozrw gdrhw anxakcdcei }n khcmb hs xbkwnekhdb xrdbw kem xbirdk}cnew% ]fb zbekd}s coznwbm ne k gdrh wfnrdm hbzxnznx}cnek}b }n }fb wbxcnrwebww nx wbqbxc}s na c}w qcndk}cne na k xrdb$ kem oks cegdrmb mbgbx}cacgk}cne cewnob cew}kegbw% Fnybqbx$ w}rmbe} recnew wfnrdm en} hb khdb }n mcwgczdceb nx mbgbx}cas gdrhw hkwbmwndbds ne }fb gdrhw hbdcbaw$ nzcecnew$ zfcdnwnzfs nx bvzxbwwcne%

W}rmbe} recne zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw yc}f k xkelcei na Znnx abk}rxbm onw} nx kdd na }fb anddnycei0

Gdrh xk}cacgk}cne &gbx}cacgk}cne# zndcgcbw yfcgf kddny }fb w}rmbe} recne }n xbarwb w}k}rw }n k gdrh$nx xbonqb w}k}rw axno k gdrh$ hkwbm rec{rbds ne }fb gdrhw hbdcba$ nzcecne$ zfcdnwnzfs nxbvzxbwwcne

W}rmbe} bdbg}cne zndcgcbw yfcgf boznybx }fb Gfcba Xb}rxecei Naacgbx &nx n}fbx naacgckdw# }ngbewnx }fb gne}be} na bdbg}cne gkozkcie ok}bxckdw ne ixnremw }fk} }fb ok}bxckdw kxbmcwgxcocek}nxs$ ceb{rc}khdb$ naabewcqb$ nx ebik}cqb

K xb{rcxbobe} }fk} kdd gkozrw gdrhw orw} zxnon}b b{rc}s$ mcqbxwc}s$ b{rkdc}s nx ken}fbxzndc}cgkd inkd bw}khdcwfbm hs }fb w}rmbe} recne


9/23

9

Xbw}xcg}cnew ne wzbbgf yfcgf }fb w}rmbe} recne mbbow }n hb mcwgxcocek}nxs$ naabewcqb$frx}ard$ zxnqngk}cqb$ mcwxbwzbg}ard$ cewrd}cei$ mcqcwcqb$ nx cekzzxnzxck}b

Wzkgb/hnnlcei kem akgcdc}s/xbe}kd zndcgcbw yfcgf mcwgxcocek}b kikcew} w}rmbe}w nx w}rmbe} ixnrzwhkwbm ne nzcecne$ zfcdnwnzfs$ hbdcba$ nx gne}be} na bvzxbwwcne

W}rmbe} recne w}kaa yfn kxb zkcm }n zxnon}b nx beanxgb kohcirnrw kem zndc}cgkdds gnxxbg} cmbkdwqkxcnrwds gfkxkg}bxcpbm kw b{rc}s nx mcqbxwc}s

Froke xcif}w zndcgcbw$ ke}c/mcwgxcocek}cne zndcgcbw$ ke}c/fkxkwwobe} zndcgcbw$ kem dkeirkibzndcgcbw yfcgf gke hb rwbm }n dcoc}$ xbw}xcg} nx gbewnx }fb bvzxbwwcne na cmbkw ne gkozrw$ kem }nbxkmcgk}b }fceiw dclb k ebik}cqb beqcxneobe}$ fb}bxnwbvcwo$ kem k gfcdds gdcok}b

W}rmbe} recne zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw yc}f k xkelcei na Obmcngxb abk}rxbm k ocv}rxb na }fb akg}nxw wb}nr} khnqb%

=% W}rmbe} recne kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw gxc}bxck anx xkelceiw

W}rmbe} recne kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw yc}f k xkelcei na Znnx abk}rxbm neb nx onxb na }fb anddnycei0

Xbarwcei }n ixke} naacgckd gdrh w}k}rw }n$ nx xbonqcei naacgckd gdrh w}k}rw axno$ k gdrh hkwbmwndbds ne }fb gdrhw hbdcba$ nzcecne$ zfcdnwnzfs nx bvzxbwwcne

Coznwcei xbw}xcg}cnew ne }fb bvzxbwwcne na k gkozrw gdrh$ hkwbm wndbds ne }fb gdrhw hbdcba$nzcecne$ nx zfcdnwnzfs

Mbescei b{rkd kggbww }n qberbw$ akgcdc}cbw$ nx zxnocebe} zdkgbw ne gkozrw }n neb gdrh nx ixnrzhkwbm ne c}w qcbyznce}$ nzcecne$ zfcdnwnzfs nx bvzxbwwcne &b%i% cewcw}cei }fk} k zkx}cgrdkx ixnrzgke neds rwb ke nr}/na/}fb/yks hkgl/xnno }fk} fkw en ykdl/hs nx ykdl/}fxnrif }xkaacg$ yfcdbkddnycei kdd n}fbx ixnrzw kggbww }n zxnocebe} kem fcif/qcwchcdc}s dngk}cnew ne gkozrw#

Zxbqbe}cei gne}xnqbxwckd wzbklbxw axno wzbklcei ne gkozrw$ nx }xbk}cei wzbklbxw mcaabxbe}dsmbzbemcei ne }fb wzbklbxw nzcecne$ qcby nx zfcdnwnzfs

W}rmbe} recne kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw yc}f k xkelcei na Innm abk}rxbm eneb na }fbwb akg}nxw%

Ce kdd anrx gk}binxcbw$ }fb xkelceiw zdkgb ixbk}bx ybcif} ne onxb xbgbe} zndcgcbw kem zxkg}cgbw$ kem dbwwybcif} ne }fb zxcegczdbw kem kg}cnew na }fb zkw}%


10/23

6

]fb 8:;; Gkozrw Axbbmno Cembv Xkelceiw

K wrookxs na xkelceiw anx }fb ;6 recqbxwc}cbw kem w}rmbe} recnew w}rmcbm

]fb hkwcw anx }fbwb xkelceiw cw bvzdkcebm hbdny$ k} zkibw ;:/8;%

W}rmbe}w kaabg}bm hs Znnx Recqbxwc}s kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw0 7:;$6;:

W}rmbe}w kaabg}bm hs Znnx W}rmbe}w Recne zndcgcbw kem zxngbmrxbw0 829$;9:

W}rmbe}w kaabg}bm hs Znnx W}rmbe}w Recne kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw0 ;68$31:

EN]B0 Recqbxwc}s bexndobe} mk}k kqkcdkhdb anx 8:;: axno }fb Kwwngck}cne na Recqbxwc}cbw kem

Gnddbibw na Gkekmk

f}}z0..yyy%krgg%gk.gkekmcke/recqbxwc}cbw.akg}w/kem/w}k}w.}rc}cne/hs/recqbxwc}s.>zkib^cm?18;:

Recqbxwc}s kem w}rmbe} znzrdk}cne&bexndobe}# Gk}binxs ;&Recqbxwc}szndcgcbw kem

zxcegczdbw#

Gk}binxs 8&Recqbxwc}s

kg}cnew kem

zxkg}cgbw#

Gk}binxs 7&W}rmbe}w Recne

zndcgcbw kem

zxcegczdbw#

Gk}binxs =&W}rmbe}w Re

kg}cnew kem

zxkg}cgbw#

Recqbxwc}s na Qcg}nxck &8:$:=:# Obmcngxb Znnx Obmcngxb Znnx

Recqbxwc}s na Hxc}cwf Gndrohck

&=3$67:# Innm Innm Obmcngxb Innm

Wcone Axkwbx Recqbxwc}s &83$=9:# Innm Znnx Innm Innm

Recqbxwc}s na Gkdikxs &7:$99:# Obmcngxb Znnx Znnx Znnx

Recqbxwc}s na Kdhbx}k &79$;7:# Obmcngxb Obmcngxb Znnx Innm

Recqbxwc}s na Wkwlk}gfbyke &;3$71:# Obmcngxb Innm Znnx Znnx

Recqbxwc}s na Okec}nhk &89$=7:# Obmcngxb Innm Obmcngxb ObmcngxbDklbfbkm Recqbxwc}s &6$9;:# Obmcngxb Innm Znnx Znnx

Recqbxwc}s na Ybw}bxe Ne}kxcn

&83$3;:# Innm Znnx Znnx Znnx

Ycdaxbm Dkrxcbx Recqbxwc}s &;9$;1:# Obmcngxb Innm Obmcngxb Znnx

Recqbxwc}s na ]nxne}n &96$3::# Innm Znnx Obmcngxb Innm

[rbbe)w Recqbxwc}s &87$68:# Obmcngxb Innm Obmcngxb Innm

Gkxdb}ne Recqbxwc}s &8;$:::# Innm Znnx Znnx Znnx

Recqbxwc}s na N}}kyk &=:$=::# Obmcngxb Znnx Znnx Obmcngxb

OgIcdd Recqbxwc}s &7=$1::# Obmcngxb Znnx Znnx Znnx

Recqbxwc}s na Eby Hxrewycgl &;:$19:# Obmcngxb Innm Obmcngxb InnmMkdfnrwcb Recqbxwc}s &;1$98:# Obmcngxb Znnx Znnx Innm

Obonxckd Recqbxwc}s na

Ebyanremdkem &;6$29:# Innm Innm Znnx Znnx


11/23

3

Bvbgr}cqb Wrookxs

]fb hbw} kem }fb ynxw}

]fb Hbw} ]fb Ynxw}

Gk}binxs ;0

Recqbxwc}s zndcgcbw kem

zxcegczdbw

Wcone Axkwbx Recqbxwc}s

Recqbxwc}s na Ybw}bxe Ne}kxcn

Recqbxwc}s na ]nxne}n

Mkdfnrwcb Recqbxwc}s

[rbbew Recqbxwc}s

Recqbxwc}s na N}}kyk

Gk}binxs 80

Recqbxwc}s kg}cnew kemzxkg}cgbw

Recqbxwc}s na Okec}nhk

Obonxckd Recqbxwc}s

Recqbxwc}s na Wkwlk}gfbyke


Recqbxwc}s na Gkdikxs

Gkxdb}ne Recqbxwc}s

Gk}binxs 70

W}rmbe}w Recne zndcgcbw kem

zxcegczdbw



Recqbxwc}s na Okec}nhk


Recqbxwc}s na Gkdikxs

Gkxdb}ne Recqbxwc}s

Gk}binxs =0

W}rmbe}w Recne kg}cnew kem

zxkg}cgbw



Recqbxwc}s na ]nxne}n

Gkxdb}ne Recqbxwc}s

Obonxckd Recqbxwc}s

Dklbfbkm Recqbxwc}s


12/23

;:

Recqbxwc}s zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw xkelceiw

Kw cw bvzdkcebm ce ixbk}bx mb}kcd ce }fb wbg}cne ne Ob}fnmndnis$ }fb kekdswcw na k recqbxwc}sw zndcgcbwkem zxcegczdbw cw be}cxbds mcw}ceg} axno }fb recqbxwc}sw kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw% Wnob na }fb recqbxwc}cbwxbgbcqcei k xkelcei na Innm ce xbwzbg} na }fbcx zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw kdwn xbgbcqbm k xkelcei na Znnx cexbwzbg} na }fbcx kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw%

]fcw wbg}cne zxnqcmbw neds k wrookxs na }fb acemceiw% Arx}fbx ceanxok}cne khnr} bkgf recqbxwc}s kemw}rmbe} recne gke hb anrem ce }fb gnozkecne mngrobe} }n }fb 8:;; Gkozrw Axbbmno Cembv0 ]fb w}k}bna gkozrw axbb wzbbgf ce 8:;; K xbznx} ne ;6 Gkekmcke recqbxwc}cbw %

Na }fb ;6 recqbxwc}cbw cegdrmbm ce }fcw Cembv$ neds wcv xbgbcqbm k xkelcei na Innm0

Recqbxwc}s na Hxc}cwf Gndrohck Wcone Axkwbx Recqbxwc}s Recqbxwc}s na Ybw}bxe Ne}kxcn Recqbxwc}s na ]nxne}n Gkxdb}ne Recqbxwc}s Obonxckd Recqbxwc}s na Ebyanremdkem

]fbwb wcv recqbxwc}cbw kdd fkqb gdbkx kem reb{rcqngkd gnooc}obe} }n axbbmno na bvzxbwwcne$ wb} nr} ceneb nx onxb na }fb anddnycei mngrobe}w0 ocwwcne w}k}bobe}$ qcwcne w}k}bobe}$ w}k}bobe} ne kgkmbocgaxbbmno$ Gnmb na Gnemrg} nx Gnmb na W}rmbe} Hbfkqcnrx$ kem zrhdcg w}k}bobe}w hs }fb recqbxwc}swzxbwcmbe} nx n}fbx wbecnx naacgbxw% RHGw w}k}bobe} ne kgkmbocg axbbmno$ kem WAR Zxbwcmbe} KemxbyZb}}bxw w}k}bobe} ne xbwzbg}ard mbhk}b$ kxb gnegcwb kem gnozbddcei% ]fb R na ] xbc}bxk}bw c}wgnooc}obe} }n axbb bvzxbwwcne ne gkozrw xbzbk}bmds ce erobxnrw mngrobe}w$ zndcgcbw kem w}k}bobe}w%

Arx}fbx$ }fbwb wcv recqbxwc}cbw fkqb w}k}bobe}w ce wrzznx} na axbb bvzxbwwcne yfcgf kxb en} mcdr}bm nxrembxocebm hs {rkdcacgk}cnew wriibw}cei }fk} wzbbgf cw kggbz}khdb neds ca recqbxwc}s naacgckdw mbgcmb}fk} }fb bvzxbwwcne cw en} mcwgxcocek}nxs$ naabewcqb$ frx}ard$ zxnqngk}cqb$ nx mcwxbwzbg}ard%]fbwb recqbxwc}cbw kdwn fkqb gdkrwbw nx wbg}cnew ce }fbcx froke xcif}w zndcgcbw &cegdrmcei ke}c/fkxkwwobe} zndcgcbw kem ke}c/mcwgxcocek}cne zndcgcbw# yfcgf w}k}b }fk} }fbwb zndcgcbw gkeen} hb rwbm$gnew}xrbm nx ce}bxzxb}bm wn kw }n w}cadb axbb wzbbgf ne gkozrw%

Yc}f }fb bvgbz}cne na }fb Recqbxwc}s na ]nxne}n$ }fbwb wcv recqbxwc}cbw mn en} fkqb zndcgcbw yfcgfxb{rcxb nx yfcgf zbxoc} kmmc}cnekd wbgrxc}s abbw }n hb gfkxibm }n w}rmbe}w anx zbkgbardds bvzxbwwceigne}xnqbxwckd nx reznzrdkx cmbkw% ]fcw cw wciecacgke} hbgkrwb w}rmbe}w kdxbkms zks anx wbgrxc}s }fxnrif}fbcx }rc}cne abbw$ kem }fb coznwc}cne na kmmc}cnekd wbgrxc}s abbw kg}w kw k xbkd hkxxcbx }n zxbqbe} w}rmbe}waxno bvzxbwwcei ocenxc}s nx reznzrdkx nzcecnew ne gkozrw% Arx}fbx$ Gkekmcke recqbxwc}cbw xbgbcqb

hcddcnew na mnddkxw axno }kvzksbxw bkgf sbkx$ kem }fbwb aremw kxb kqkcdkhdb }n zxnqcmb wbgrxc}s anx kddw}rmbe}w$ xbikxmdbww na }fb znzrdkxc}s nx reznzrdkxc}s na k zbxwnew hbdcbaw$ nzcecnew$ nx bvzxbwwcne%

]fb coznwc}cne na kmmc}cnekd wbgrxc}s abbw anx gne}xnqbxwckd bvzxbwwcne cw kdwn zxnhdbok}cg hbgkrwb c}kwwrobw }fk} }fnwb yfn beikib ce gxcocekd gnemrg} &b%i% qcndbegb$ r}}bxcei }fxbk}w$ zfswcgkd nhw}xrg}cne$zfswcgkd ce}bxxrz}cne na n}fbx zbnzdbw dkyard kg}cqc}cbw# kxb en} ardds xbwznewchdb anx }fbcx kg}cnew$ kem}fk} }fb hdkob anx wrgf gnemrg} orw} hb kwwrobm hs }fnwb yfn kxb zbkgbardds kem dkyardds bvbxgcwcei}fbcx xcif} }n bvzxbww }fbcx nzcecnew% Wrgf xbkwnecei cw k hdkob/}fb/qcg}co kzzxnkgf$ yfcgf fkw hbbe


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kzzxnzxck}bds xb`bg}bm ce n}fbx gne}bv}w% Anx bvkozdb$ c} cw eny gnooneds kggbz}bm }fk} ynobe kxben} xbwznewchdb anx wbvrkd kwwkrd}$ bqbe ca }fbs kxb en} mxbwwbm gnewbxqk}cqbds$ nx ykdlcei nr}wcmb ka}bxmkxl% ]fb cmbk }fk} k ynoke cw kwlcei anx c} fkw }fkelardds hbbe xb`bg}bm$ sb} }fcw wkob cmbk fkwanrem eby dcab ce }fb ocemw na wnob recqbxwc}s kmocecw}xk}nxw$ yfn hbdcbqb }fk} k zbxwne qcg}cocpbm hsgxcocekd gnemrg} anx fkqcei bvzxbwwbm ke reznzrdkx nzcecne ne gkozrw orw} wnobfny wfkxb }fb hdkobyc}f }fnwb yfn beikibm ce }fb gxcocekd gnemrg}% Mbokemcei }fk} w}rmbe}w zks bv}xk onebs anx

wbgrxc}s yfbe bvzxbwwcei reznzrdkx qcbyw cw baabg}cqbds kwwciecei hdkob }n }fnwb w}rmbe}w ca }fbs kxbqcg}cocpbm hs gxcocekd gnemrg}0 }fbs kxb kwlcei anx c} kem orw} }fbxbanxb zks bv}xk onebs anxwbgrxc}s$ ce kmmc}cne }n yfk} }fbs kdxbkms zks }fxnrif }rc}cne abbw% K onxb bedcif}bebm qcby zdkgbw;::" na }fb xbwznewchcdc}s anx gxcocekd gnemrg} ne }fnwb yfn beikib ce c}$ yc}fnr} kwwciecei kes hdkob}n qcg}cow%

]fb Recqbxwc}s na Ybw}bxe Ne}kxcn kem }fb Recqbxwc}s na ]nxne}n kdwn fkqb zndcgcbw yfcgf oklb c}gdbkx }fk} w}rmbe}w gkeen} ce}bxxrz} nx ce}bxabxb yc}f }fb axbb bvzxbwwcne xcif}w na zbnzdb }fbs mcwkixbbyc}f% Wrgf ke}c/mcwxrz}cne zndcgcbw wfnrdm en} hb ebgbwwkxs$ wcegb }fb zfswcgkd mcwxrz}cne na bqbe}w cwk Gxcocekd Gnmb naabewb% Fnybqbx$ c} cw zxbabxkhdb anx recqbxwc}cbw }n fkqb wrgf zndcgcbw ce zdkgb$ }nmbkd yc}f gkwbw yfbe w}rmbe}w nhw}xrg}$ ce}bxxrz} nx ce}bxabxb yc}f }fb zbkgbard bvzxbwwcne na nzcecne ne

gkozrw% Ce wrgf gkwbw$ ke}c/mcwxrz}cne zndcgcbw oklb c} znwwchdb }n mcwgczdceb w}rmbe}w yc}fnr} ebbmcei}n fkqb }fb w}rmbe}w gfkxibm gxcocekdds%

]fb xbokcecei ;7 recqbxwc}cbw ce }fcw Cembv fkqb zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw xkelbm kw Obmcngxb hbgkrwb}fbs abk}rxb wnob nx kdd na }fb anddnycei0

Ke khwbegb na k gdbkx kem reb{rcqngkd gnooc}obe} }n axbb bvzxbwwcne ce mngrobe}w wrgf kw }fbrecqbxwc}sw ocwwcne w}k}bobe}$ qcwcne w}k}bobe}$ w}k}bobe} ne kgkmbocg axbbmno$ Gnmb naGnemrg} nx Gnmb na W}rmbe} Hbfkqcnrx$ kem zrhdcg w}k}bobe}w hs }fb recqbxwc}sw zxbwcmbe} nxn}fbx wbecnx naacgbxw

[rkdcacbm wrzznx} anx axbb wzbbgf$ yc}f zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw }fk} boznybx recqbxwc}skmocecw}xk}nxw }n xbw}xcg} nx gbewnx wzbbgf yfcgf }fbs gnewcmbx }n hb mcwgxcocek}nxs$

naabewcqb$ frx}ard$ zxnqngk}cqb$ mcwxbwzbg}ard$ cewrd}cei$ nx mcqcwcqb ]fb bvcw}begb na w}rmbe} akgcdc}k}nxw kem n}fbx recqbxwc}s w}kaa boznybxbm }n zxnon}b nx

beanxgb kohcirnrw kem zndc}cgkdds gnxxbg} cmbkdw qkxcnrwds gfkxkg}bxcpbm kw b{rc}s nxmcqbxwc}s

Froke xcif}w zndcgcbw$ ke}c/mcwgxcocek}cne zndcgcbw$ kem ke}c/fkxkwwobe} zndcgcbw yfcgf dkglzxnqcwcnew cemcgk}cei gdbkxds }fk} }fbwb zndcgcbw gkeen} hb rwbm }n dcoc}$ xbw}xcg} nx gbewnx }fbbvzxbwwcne na cmbkw ne gkozrw

Wbgrxc}s abb zndcgcbw yfcgf zbekdcpb gne}xnqbxwckd bvzxbwwcne hs gfkxicei }rc}cne/zksceiw}rmbe}w bv}xk onebs }n wbgrxb }fbcx hkwcg xcif} }n hb zxn}bg}bm axno qcndbegb kem axno n}fbxgxcocekd gnemrg} &b%i% nhw}xrg}cne$ ce}bxabxbegb$ ce}bxxrz}cne#

Dkeirkib zndcgcbw kem wzbbgf gnmbw yfcgf wbbl }n bxkmcgk}b }fceiw dclb k ebik}cqbbeqcxneobe}$ fb}bxnwbvcwo$ kem k gfcdds gdcok}b

Zndcgcbw yfcgf boznybx }fb recqbxwc}s }n wfr} mnye wzne}kebnrw zbkgbard bvzxbwwcne negkozrw bqbe yfbe w}rmbe}w kxb en} hxbklcei kes xrdbw$ zndcgcbw$ hsdkyw nx xbirdk}cnew

]fb Mkdfnrwcb Recqbxwc}s Naacgb na Froke Xcif}w$ B{rc}s kem Fkxkwwobe} Zxbqbe}cne fkw k zdb}fnxkna w}xk}bicbw$ zxkg}cgbw$ kem zndcgcbw yfcgf gke hb rwbm }n w}cadb }fb axbb bvzxbwwcne na nzcecne negkozrw ce }fb ekob na zxnon}cei cegdrwcne$ xbwzbg}$ kem mcqbxwc}s% W}rmbe}w kxb rxibm }ngnemrg} obb}ceiw yc}f zbnzdb yfcdb wbk}bm ce gcxgdbw$ }n hb ocemard na }fb mnocekegb na Gfxcw}ckefndcmksw ce ybw}bxe grd}rxb$ }n dbkxe khnr} kem kglenydbmib n}fbx }xkmc}cnew kem gbdbhxk}cnew$ kem }n


14/23

;8

xbaxkce axno dkrifcei k} fb}bxnwbvcw} `nlbw% Mkdfnrwcb }bddw c}w w}rmbe}w }n zxnon}b }fb akg} }fk}mcqbxwc}s hbebac}w bqbxsneb$ yc}fnr} mcqbxwc}s fkqcei kes gdbkx obkecei nx mbacec}cne }fk} cwgnooneds rembxw}nnm hs kdd%

Dklbfbkm Recqbxwc}s begnrxkibw }fb axbb bvgfkeib na cmbkw kem nzcecnew$ hr} cewcw}w }fk} }fb axbbbvzxbwwcne na qcbyw orw} hb okmb yc}f xbwzbg} anx }fb froke mciec}s kem axbbmno na n}fbxw% Ca k

zbxwne gnozdkcew }fk} fcw froke mciec}s fkw hbbe mcwxbwzbg}bm hs }fb bvzxbwwcne na ke nzcecne negkozrw$ ycdd }fb recqbxwc}s rzfndm }fb wzbklbxw axbbmno }n bvzxbww fbx nzcecne$ nx ycdd }fb recqbxwc}sgbewnx }fb wzbbgf ce nxmbx }n bewrxb }fk} froke mciec}s cw xbwzbg}bm>

]fb Recqbxwc}s na Okec}nhk fkw k Xbwzbg}ard Ynxl kem Dbkxecei Beqcxneobe} Zndcgs$ yfcgf zxnfchc}wkes anxo na mcwgxcocek}cne nx fkxkwwobe}$ cegdrmcei wzbbgf mbbobm }n hb mcwgxcocek}nxs nxfkxkwwcei% ]fb zndcgs cw en} dcoc}bm }n zxnfchc}cei wbvrkd fkxkwwobe} ce k ynxlzdkgb$ kem gke hb rwbm}n w}cadb gkozrw axbb wzbbgf%

]fb Recqbxwc}s na N}}kyk xbwbxqbw }fb xcif} }n mb}bxoceb }fb erohbx na wbgrxc}s irkxmw xb{rcxbm anx kebqbe}$ yc}f gnw}w }n hb gnqbxbm hs }fb rwbx$ yc}fnr} kes gdbkx nx mbacebm ircmbdcebw% K mcqcwcqb bqbe}$

abk}rxcei k gne}xnqbxwckd wzbklbx nx reznzrdkx bvzxbwwcqb gne}be}$ oks dbkm }n ke bv}xbobds fcif &kemceqndre}kxs# ceqncgb anx wbgrxc}s zbxwneebd$ yfcgf oks hb zxnfchc}cqb }n w}rmbe}/xre ixnrzw$ }fbxbhsw}cadcei axbbmno na bvzxbwwcne ne gkozrw%

[rbbew Recqbxwc}s fcxbm w}rmbe} akgcdc}k}nxw }n ce}bxqbeb kesyfbxb ne gkozrw ca }fbs nqbxfbkxmfnonzfnhcg$ wbvcw}$ xkgcw}$ nx kes mcwgxcocek}nxs dkeirkib% Kggnxmcei }n }fb Recqbxwc}s$ }fbsybxb }kwlbm yc}f wzn}}cei wzne}kebnrw }bkgfcei onobe}w gnegbxecei cwwrbw na xkgb$ xbdcicne$ ibembx$wbvrkd nxcbe}k}cne$ khcdc}s kem wngckd gdkww$ kem }n xbwznem bc}fbx kg}cqbds hs znwcei {rbw}cnew }n wzrxmcwgrwwcne$ nx onxb zkwwcqbds }fxnrif kg}cqc}cbw dclb znw}bx gkozkciew nx onqcbw% ]fb recqbxwc}skhkemnebm }fcw zxnixko ka}bx gnegbxebm w}rmbe}w gxbk}bm k Akgbhnnl ixnrz be}c}dbm [rbbewRecqbxwc}s W}rmbe}w kem Kdroec anx Axbb Wzbbgf% Fnybqbx$ }fb akg} }fk} }fcw zxnixko okmb c} zkw} }fb

mxkycei hnkxm w}kib cw mcwgnegbx}cei$ kem wksw k ixbk} mbkd khnr} }fb ocemwb} na recqbxwc}skmocecw}xk}nxw k} [rbbew%

]fb Recqbxwc}s na Eby Hxrewycgl hkew wzbklcei ce k mcwnxmbxds$ mcwxrz}cqb$ cembgbe} nx naabewcqbokeebx kem zxnfchc}w kes gnoobe} nx gnemrg} }fk} nrif} xbkwnekhds }n hb lenye }n fkqb }fb baabg}na gxbk}cei ke ce}cocmk}cei$ frocdck}cei$ fnw}cdb nx naabewcqb ynxlcei nx dbkxecei beqcxneobe}% Yfcdbwnob na }fbwb ce}bxmcg}cnew oks hb gnewcw}be} yc}f Gxcocekd Gnmb zxnfchc}cnew ne mcwxrz}cne kemce}bxabxbegb$ }fbs gke kdwn hb rwbm }n w}cadb }fb axbb bvzxbwwcne na nzcecne ne gkozrw$ kw }fb zxnfchc}cnene naabewcqb wzbbgf cw be}cxbds wrh`bg}cqb% ]fb akg} }fk} kesneb gke acdb k gnozdkce} rzne fbkxceiwnob}fcei wfb nx fb gnewcmbxw naabewcqb cw }xnrhdcei%

]fb Ycdaxcm Dkrxcbx W}rmbe} Gnmb na Gnemrg} wbblw }n bxkmcgk}b ebik}cqb beqcxneobe}$ mbacebm kwNeb nx k wbxcbw na gnoobe}w nx gnemrg} }fk} gxbk}bw k ebik}cqb beqcxneobe} anx cemcqcmrkdw nx ixnrzwkem kxb xbdk}bm }n }fb zxnfchc}bm ixnremw% ]fb gnoobe}w nx gnemrg} orw} hb na k wciecacgke} ek}rxb nxmbixbb kem fkqb }fb baabg} na (zncwnecei( }fb ynxl nx w}rms beqcxneobe}% K gnozdkceke} mnbw en} fkqb}n hb k mcxbg} }kxib} }n hb kmqbxwbds kaabg}bm hs k ebik}cqb beqcxneobe}% C} cegdrmbw gnemrg} nxgnoobe}w }fk} gxbk}b kem okce}kce ke naabewcqb$ fnw}cdb$ nx ce}cocmk}cei gdcok}b anx w}rms nx ynxl%Bvkozdbw cegdrmb hr} kxb en} dcoc}bm }n bvznwrxb }n ixkaac}c$ wciew$ gkx}nnew$ xbokxlw$ bvgdrwcne$ nxkmqbxwb }xbk}obe} xbdk}bm }n neb nx onxb na }fb zxnfchc}bm ixnremw%


15/23

;7

Recqbxwc}s kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw xkelceiw

]fcw wbg}cne zxnqcmbw neds k wrookxs na }fb acemceiw% Arx}fbx ceanxok}cne khnr} bkgf recqbxwc}s kembkgf w}rmbe} recne gke hb anrem ce }fb gnozkecne mngrobe} }n }fb 8:;; Gkozrw Axbbmno Cembv$

gkddbm ]fb w}k}b na gkozrw axbb wzbbgf ce 8:;; K xbznx} ne ;6 Gkekmcke recqbxwc}cbw %

Bcif} na }fb ;6 recqbxwc}cbw ce }fcw Cembv xbgbcqbm k xkelcei na Innm ce xbwzbg} na }fbcx kg}cnew kemzxkg}cgbw0

Recqbxwc}s na Hxc}cwf Gndrohck Recqbxwc}s na Wkwlk}gfbyke Recqbxwc}s na Okec}nhk Dklbfbkm Recqbxwc}s Ycdaxcm Dkrxcbx Recqbxwc}s [rbbew Recqbxwc}s Recqbxwc}s na Eby Hxrewycgl Obonxckd Recqbxwc}s na Ebyanremdkem

]fbwb bcif} recqbxwc}cbw xbaxkce axno gne}be}/hkwbm gbewnxwfcz$ kem xbaxkce axno mcwgxcocek}cei kikcew}w}rmbe}w nx gkozrw gdrhw ne }fb hkwcw na hbdcba$ nzcecne$ zfcdnwnzfs$ nx bvzxbwwcne% Na b{rkdcoznx}kegb$ }fbs rzfndm }fb xrdb na dky kem beanxgb Gxcocekd Gnmb zxnfchc}cnew kikcew} qcndbegb$zfswcgkd nhw}xrg}cne$ kem zfswcgkd ce}bxabxbegb yc}f }fb dkyard kg}cqc}cbw na n}fbx zbnzdb%

]fb kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw na }fb Recqbxwc}s na Kdhbx}k ybxb ibebxkdds innm$ fnybqbx$ }fb R na Kxbgbcqbw k xkelcei na Obmcngxb anx fkqcei gfnwbe }n kxirb kikcew} axbb bvzxbwwcne kw ke ce}bxqbebx ceZxcmibe q% Recqbxwc}s na Gkdikxs% Onxb ceanxok}cne khnr} }fb Zxcmibe gkwb$ yfcgf cw eny hbanxb }fbKdhbx}k Gnrx} na Kzzbkd$ cw anrem hbdny$ kw zkx} na }fb Recqbxwc}s na Gkdikxs wbg}cne%

Eceb na }fb ;6 recqbxwc}cbw xbgbcqbm k xkelcei na Znnx$ kw anddnyw0

Gkxdb}ne Recqbxwc}s

mbecbw b{rkd kggbww }n recqbxwc}s xbwnrxgbw kem akgcdc}cbw }n k gkozrw zxn/dcab gdrh &Gkxdb}neDcabdceb#% Gkxdb}ne kddnyw kdd n}fbx gkozrw gdrhw }n rwb ]nxs [rkm$ k zxnocebe} zdkgb negkozrw$ yfcdb zxnfchc}cei Gkxdb}ne Dcabdceb kem c}w obohbxw axno rwcei }fcw qberb%

coznwbw xbw}xcg}cnew ne Gkxdb}ne Dcabdcebw axbbmno na bvzxbwwcne }fk} kxb en} coznwbm ne kesn}fbx gkozrw gdrh0 }n }rxe c}w wciew ceykxmw% Gkxdb}ne }ndbxk}bw qcwrkdds mcw}rxhcei cokibwmcwzdksbm hs n}fbx ixnrzw ne gkozrw% Anx bvkozdb$ Zbnzdb anx }fb B}fcgkd ]xbk}obe} naKecokdw fkw wfnye ixkzfcg zfn}nw na }fb gdrhhcei kem lcddcei na wbkdw%

gfkxibm anrx na c}w nye w}rmbe}w yc}f }xbwzkwwcei anx k}}boz}cei }n bvzxbww }fbcx qcbyw negkozrw% Gxnye Zxnwbgr}nxw mbgcmbm }n w}ks }fb gfkxibw$ cemcgk}cei }fbs ybxb yc}fnr} obxc}%

}fxbk}bebm Gkxdb}ne Dcabdceb w}rmbe}w yc}f ene/kgkmbocg ocwgnemrg} anx zbkgbardds bvzxbwwcei}fbcx qcbyw ne gkozrw%

gnemnebm gxcocekd gnemrg} zbxzb}xk}bm kikcew} Gkxdb}ne Dcabdceb obohbxw beikibm ce }fbzbkgbard bvzxbwwcne na nzcecne ne gkozrw$ ekobds }fb zfswcgkd nhw}xrg}cne na Dcabdcebwbvzxbwwcne hs nzznebe}w yfn mcwkixbb yc}f c}%


16/23

;=

anxgchds zxbqbe}bm Gkxdb}ne Dcabdceb w}rmbe}w axno wb}}cei rz k w}k}cnekxs mcwzdks ne gkozrw$kem gneacwgk}bm }fb w}rmbe}w ok}bxckdw%

]fb Recqbxwc}s na Gkdikxs

anrem }be w}rmbe}w ircd}s na ene/kgkmbocg ocwgnemrg} anx fkqcei znw}bm ceengrnrw gnoobe}wne k Akgbhnnl zkib yfcgf gxc}cgcpbm k zxnabwwnx anx fbx xbokxlkhdb kem mbonew}xkhdb

cegnozb}begb$ kem nxmbxbm }fb w}rmbe}w }n yxc}b db}}bxw na kzndnis nx akgb gnewb{rbegbwcegdrmcei bvzrdwcne% ]yn na }fb w}rmbe}w$ Lbc}f kem W}bqbe Zxcmibe$ wrggbwwardds gfkddbeibm}fb recqbxwc}sw gnemrg} ce gnrx}% ]fb recqbxwc}s kzzbkdbm c}w dnww }n }fb Kdhbx}k Gnrx} naKzzbkd$ yfcgf ycdd xbembx c}w mbgcwcne ce }fb one}fw kfbkm%

coznwbw xbw}xcg}cnew ne Gkozrw Zxn/Dcab }fk} kxb en} coznwbm ne kes n}fbx gkozrw gdrh0 }n }rxec}w wciew ceykxmw% K} }fb wkob }cob$ }fb R na G }ndbxk}bw qcwrkdds mcw}rxhcei cokibw mcwzdksbmhs n}fbx ixnrzw ne gkozrw0 ixkzfcg zfn}nw na akgbw yfcgf fkqb ineb }fxnrif ycemwfcbdmw &hs kzxn/wbk}hbd} ixnrz# kem zfn}nw na }fnwb }nx}rxbm hs }fb Gfcebwb Gnoorecw} inqbxeobe} anxkmfbxcei }n }fb Akdre Inei xbdcicne%

}fxbk}bebm }n gfkxib c}w nye w}rmbe}w yc}f }xbwzkwwcei kem yc}f ene/kgkmbocg ocwgnemrg}ca }fb w}rmbe}w mcm en} gnozds yc}f }fb recqbxwc}sw mbokem }fk} }fbs }rxe }fbcx wciew ceykxmw wn

}fk} en zkwwbxw/hs gke wbb }fb wciew% gfkxibm c}w nye w}rmbe}w yc}f }xbwzkwwcei$ hr} Gxnye Zxnwbgr}nxw mbgcmbm }n w}ks }fb gfkxibw$

kw }fb R na G gnrdm en} bvzdkce yfk} xrdb$ zndcgs$ xbirdk}cne nx hsdky }fb w}rmbe}w ybxbqcndk}cei%

anrem bcif} w}rmbe}w ircd}s na ene/kgkmbocg ocwgnemrg} anx fkqcei xbwcw}bm }fb recqbxwc}swgbewnxwfcz mbokem }fk} }fbs }rxe }fbcx wciew ceykxmw wn }fbs gkeen} hb wbbe hs zkwwbxw/hs%

gnemnebm gxcocekd gnemrg} zbxzb}xk}bm kikcew} Gkozrw Zxn/Dcab obohbxw beikibm ce }fbzbkgbard bvzxbwwcne na nzcecne ne gkozrw%

]fb Recqbxwc}s na N}}kyk

wbe} k }fxbk}becei db}}bx }n nr}wznlbe Kobxcgke gnewbxqk}cqb kr}fnx kem zremc} Kee Gnrd}bx$ykxecei fbx na zn}be}ckd gcqcd kem gxcocekd zbekd}cbw$ zxcnx }n fbx wzbklcei ne gkozrw%

akcdbm }n zxnqcmb kmb{rk}b wbgrxc}s anx Kee Gnrd}bxw wgfbmrdbm bqbe}$ }fbxbhs gne}xchr}cei }n}fb bqbe}w gkegbddk}cne ce }fb akgb na qcndbegb/}fxbk}becei zxn}bw}bxw%

kg}cqbds bvzdnxbm yksw na zxbqbe}cei Hrxobwb froke xcif}w kg}cqcw} Lk Fwky Yk axnowzbklcei ne gkozrw hbgkrwb fbx wzbbgf ykw }fnrif} }n hb gxc}cgkd na }fb gnxznxk}b zxkg}cgbw na kmnenx }n }fb recqbxwc}s%

Mkdfnrwcb Recqbxwc}s

gkegbddbm ke kixbbm/rzne wzbklcei beikibobe} yc}f @kxbm ]ksdnx ne }fb wrh`bg} na xkgckdmcqbxwc}s$ kggrwcei }fb wzbklbx na xkgcwo

gkegbddbm ke kixbbm/rzne wzbklcei beikibobe} yc}f Hxc}cwf OZ Ibnxib Ikddnyks hbgkrwb fbwzbklw khnr} gne}xnqbxwckd }nzcgw kem bqbe} nxikecpbxw ybxb rekhdb }n zks bv}xk wbgrxc}s abbw

akcdbm }n zxnqcmb wbgrxc}s anx k mbhk}b khnr} khnx}cne wznewnxbm hs Zxn/Dcab k} Mkd bqbe ka}bxfkqcei hbbe zkcm k -72: abb< okmb en baanx} }n acem nr} yfn qkemkdcpbm }fb xnno zxcnx }n }fbbqbe} kem yfn ykw xbwznewchdb anx wb}}cei naa w}cel hnohw }fxnrifnr} }fb bqbe}< kem ka}bxykxmwwriibw}bm }n Zxn/Dcab k} Mkd }fk} c} en} wznewnx kes ar}rxb bqbe}w ne gkozrw


17/23

;2


mbokembm }fk} k gkozrw zxn/dcab gdrh$ WAR Dcabdceb$ }rxe }fb wciew na c}w mcwzdks ceykxmw wn }fk}zkwwbxw/hs ynrdm en} hb khdb }n wbb }fb wciew

gnemnebm }fb zfswcgkd nhw}xrg}cne kem zfswcgkd ce}bxxrz}cne na }fb zxn/dcabxw mcwzdks hsnzznebe}w yfn rwbm dkxib xnddcei hcdd/hnkxmw }n hdngl }fb mcwzdks axno qcby

kddnybm }fb rwb na recqbxwc}s zxnzbx}s &}fb xnddcei hcdd/hnkxmw# hs }fnwb beikicei ce cddbikdgnemrg} }n nhw}xrg}$ ce}bxxrz} kem ce}bxabxb yc}f }fb zbkgbard bvzxbwwcne na nzcecne ne gkozrw

]fb Recqbxwc}s na ]nxne}n

mbokembm na c}w zxn/dcab gdrh }fk} c} wb} rz c}w gkozrw mcwzdks ce wrgf k okeebx }fk} zkwwbxw/hsynrdm en} hb khdb }n wbb }fb wciew$ nx kd}bxek}cqbds }fk} }fb zxn/dcab gdrh rwb k xnno yc}f enykdl/hs }xkaacg< en n}fbx gkozrw gdrh fkw akgbm wcocdkx mbokemw

gfkxibm k -=:: wbgrxc}s abb }n }fb Ne}kxcn Zrhdcg Ce}bxbw} Xbwbkxgf Ixnrz anx fnw}cei ke bqbe}gneebg}bm }n Cwxkbdc Kzkx}fbcm Ybbl< ixnrzw yc}f ene/gne}xnqbxwckd nx ene/naabewcqbbvzxbwwcne kxb en} gfkxibm wbgrxc}s abbw

]fb Recqbxwc}s na Ybw}bxe Ne}kxcn

mbecbm kggbww }n k zxnocebe} wzkgb ne gkozrw }n Ybw}bxe Dcabdceb$ yfcgf yke}bm }n nxikecpb kanxro anx ynobe }n wzbkl khnr} }fbcx nye bvzbxcbegbw yc}f khnx}cne% Kwcmb axno k qkirbxbabxbegb }n gnoorec}s w}kemkxmw }fb RYN fkw en} zxnqcmbm Ybw}bxe Dcabdceb yc}f kesxbkwne nx xk}cnekdb anx mbescei wzkgb }fk} cw kqkcdkhdb }n kdd n}fbx ixnrzw kem gdrhw ne gkozrw

OgIcdd Recqbxwc}s

akcdbm }n rzfndm }fb xrdb na dky yfbe ke bqbe} gkddbm Bgfnbw na }fb Fndngkrw} ykw anxgchdsmcwxrz}bm hs zxn}bw}bxw yfn baabg}cqbds wfr} mnye }fb bqbe} kem zxbqbe}bm }fb wzbklbx axnohbcei fbkxm

akcdbm }n rzfndm }fb xrdb na dky k} k Gnewbxqk}cqb OgIcdd bqbe} yfbe ixnrz na zxn}bw}bxwhdnglbm }fb xnno be}xkegb kem }fxbk}bebm }n k}}kgl }fb wzbklbx% Gkozrw Wbgrxc}s bqbe}rkdds

fbdzbm }fb nxikecpbxw na }fb bqbe} oklb wrxb }fb wzbklbx ykw wkab$ hr} wrhwb{rbe}ds }fbkmocecw}xk}cne mcm en}fcei }n zrxwrb }fnwb yfn fkm }fxbk}bebm qcndbegb kem beikibm cemcwxrz}cqb kg}cqc}cbw

]fb Recqbxwc}s na Qcg}nxck

rembxocebm xbwzbg} anx }fb xrdb na dky hs gnemnecei zxnzbx}s mkokib hs k w}rmbe} ixnrz gkddbm}fb Annm En} Dkyew Gnddbg}cqb% ]fb w}rmbe}w mri rz k wbg}cne na dkye ce axne} na }fb RQcgdchxkxs kem w}kx}bm zdke}cei k ikxmbe% ]fb ikxmbebxw gne}cerbm mciicei ka}bx zndcgb kemgkozrw wbgrxc}s }ndm }fbo }n w}nz$ sb} }fb zndcgb kem gkozrw wbgrxc}s mcm en} gfkxib nx kxxbw}kesneb$ enx mcm }fb recqbxwc}s zrxwrb n}fbx wkeg}cnew dclb ene/kgkmbocg ocwgnemrg}% ]fbgnemrg} na }fbwb ikxmbecei w}rmbe}w inbw akx hbsnem$ kem nr}wcmb na$ k xbkwnekhdb

rembxw}kemcei na }fb xcif} }n bvzxbww nebw nzcecnew ce k zbkgbard kem ene/zfswcgkd okeebx%Axbb bvzxbwwcne cw en} k dcgbewb }n mkokib zxnzbx}s$ mcwxbikxm xbkwnekhdb }cob$ zdkgb kemokeebx xrdbw &dclb ebbmcei }n hnnl wzkgb#$ kem &}fxnrif nhw}xrg}cne# zxbqbe} zrhdcg zxnzbx}saxno hbcei rwbm hs n}fbxw% ]ndbxkegb anx }fcw wnx} na kg}cqc}s$ kdnei yc}f c}w gfknw kem kekxgfs$kg}rkdds rembxocebw }fb axbb wzbbgf xcif}w na w}rmbe}w% ]fb recqbxwc}s akcdrxb }n rzfndm }fb xrdbna dky ce }fcw gkwb gnrdm cekmqbx}be}ds wbxqb }n begnrxkib }fnwb yfn ynrdm rwb nhw}xrg}cne kemce}bxabxbegb }n wcdbegb }fb wzbbgf na }fnwb }fbs mcwkixbb yc}f%


18/23

;1

Xkelceiw ce }fcw Cembv zdkgb ixbk}bx ybcif} ne grxxbe} kem xbgbe} zndcgcbw kem kg}cnew$ kem dbww ybcif}ne }fb zxcegczdbw kem zxkg}cgbw na }fb zkw}% Anx bvkozdb$ WARw xkelcei na Znnx cw hkwbm ne c}w xbgbe}gbewnxwfcz mbokemw$ kem akcdrxb }n rzfndm }fb xrdb na dky$ en}yc}fw}kemcei ke bvgbddbe} }xkgl xbgnxm ce}fb zkw} mbgkmb% Ce }fb wkob yks$ RHGw xkelcei na Innm cw hkwbm ne c}w xbgbe} kg}cnew ce rzfndmcei}fb gkozrw axbb wzbbgf xcif}w kem rzfndmcei }fb xrdb na dky$ en}yc}fw}kemcei c}w axb{rbe} akcdrxbw ce }fbzkw} mbgkmb }n mn wn%

W}rmbe} recne zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw xkelceiw

]fcw wbg}cne zxnqcmbw neds k wrookxs na }fb acemceiw% Arx}fbx ceanxok}cne khnr} bkgf recqbxwc}s kemw}rmbe} recne gke hb anrem ce }fb gnozkecne mngrobe} }n }fb 8:;; Gkozrw Axbbmno Cembv$ gkddbm ]fbw}k}b na gkozrw axbb wzbbgf ce 8:;; K xbznx} ne ;6 Gkekmcke recqbxwc}cbw %

Neds neb na ;6 w}rmbe} recnew xbgbcqbw k xkelcei na Innm ce xbwzbg} na c}w zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw%

]fb Wcone Axkwbx W}rmbe} Wngcb}s &WAWW# mnbw en} fkqb kes zndcgcbw yfcgf gbewnx$ nx mcwgxcocek}bkikcew}$ kes w}rmbe}w nx w}rmbe} ixnrzw ne }fb hkwcw na }fb gne}be} na bvzxbwwcne$ nx ne }fb hkwcw na kixnrzw nzcecne$ hbdcba$ zfcdnwnzfs$ nx bvzxbwwcne%

]be na }fb ;6 w}rmbe} recnew xbgbcqb k xkelcei na Znnx ce xbwzbg} na }fbcx zndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw$ kwanddnyw0

]fb Recqbxwc}s na Gkdikxs W}rmbe}w Recne

fkw ke Kggbz}khdb Mcwzdks Zxngbmrxb yfcgf boznybxw }fb Nzbxk}cnew kem AcekegbGnooc}}bb }n xbw}xcg} nx zxnfchc} mbonew}xk}cnew$ mcwzdksw kem bvzxbwwcne yfcgf }fb Gnooc}}bbmbbow }n hb naabewcqb nx cekzzxnzxck}b% ]fcw bekhdbw }fb W}rmbe}w Recnew bdbg}bm naacgckdw

nx w}kaa }n gbewnx kes wzbbgf yfcgf }fbs mcwdclb nx mcwkixbb yc}f% xb{rcxbw }fk} kdd bdbg}cne gkozkciecei orw} hb znwc}cqb ce ek}rxb kem hkew ebik}cqb

gkozkciecei% Yfcdb kxirkhds k enhdb cmbkd$ ce zxkg}cgb }fcw obkew }fk} ca ke krmc}nx anrem }fk}w}rmbe} zndc}cgckew fkm wzbe} W}rmbe}w Recne aremw cddbikdds nx cekzzxnzxck}bds$ kem ca }fnwbwkob w}rmbe} zndc}cgckew wnrif} xb/bdbg}cne anx ken}fbx sbkx$ }fbe wbg}cnew ;3 kem 29&b# na }fbBdbg}cnew Nzbxk}cnew Zxngbmrxb ynrdm zxbgdrmb nzznwc}cne gkemcmk}bw axno xkcwcei acekegckdocw/okekibobe} kw ke bdbg}cne cwwrb$ kw }fcw ynrdm gnew}c}r}b ebik}cqb gkozkciecei%

]fb Gkxdb}ne Recqbxwc}s W}rmbe} Kwwngck}cne &GRWK#

b{rk}bw }fb Fbxc}kib Anremk}cne$ neb na }fb onw} ybdd/lenye kem xbwzbg}bm gnewbxqk}cqb }fcel/}kelw ce }fb R%W%$ yc}f }fb LLL kem }fb Yfc}b Kxske Xbwcw}kegb$ kw ixnrzw }n hb hkeebm axno

gkozrw% zxnfchc}w c}w wbxqcgbw axno gkxxscei nx mcw}xchr}cei kes ok}bxckd }fk} GRWK mbbow }n gnew}c}r}b

xkgcwo$ wbvcwo$ vbenzfnhck$ khdbcwo$ wcpbcwo$ kibcwo kem fnon.hc.dbwhnzfnhck

mbgdkxbw c}wbda ce wrzznx} na k ynokew xcif} }n gfnnwb fbx nz}cnew ce }fb gkwb na zxbiekegskem inbw ne }n w}k}b }fk} GRWK ycdd mbes xbwnrxgbw$ wzkgb$ aremcei$ kem naacgckd gdrh w}k}rw }nkes ixnrz yfcgf mcwkixbbw yc}f }fk} znwc}cne%


19/23

;9

]fb Mkdfnrwcb W}rmbe} Recne

gke yc}ffndm gdrh w}k}rw$ nx ixke} kmmc}cnekd zxcqcdbibw$ kw c} mbbow ebgbwwkxs% ]fb kr}fnxw na}fcw Cembv hbdcbqb }fk} w}rmbe} recnew wfnrdm fkqb }fb xcif} }n mcwgczdceb kem &rd}cok}bds#mbgbx}cas gdrhw anx akcdcei }n khcmb hs xbkwnekhdb xrdbw kem xbirdk}cnew% Fnybqbx$ w}rmbe}recnew wfnrdm en} hb khdb }n mcwgczdceb nx mbgbx}cas gdrhw hkwbm wndbds ne }fb gdrhw hbdcbaw$nzcecnew$ zfcdnwnzfs nx bvzxbwwcne%

fkw bdbg}cne zndcgcbw yfcgf xb{rcxb }fk} neds neb &;# xbicw}bxbm gkozkcie anx bkgf znwwchdbkewybx }n k xbabxbemro nx zdbhcwgc}b {rbw}cne$ }fbxbhs xbw}xcg}cei }fb axbb bvzxbwwcne na }fnwbyfn kmqngk}b anx k sbw nx en anx xbkwnew n}fbx }fke }fnwb na }fb naacgckd sbw kem engkozkciew%

boznybxw ke Bdbg}cnew Gnooc}}bb }n kzzxnqb nx mcwkzzxnqb na gkozkcie mcwzdksw kemdc}bxk}rxb$ }fbxbhs zbxoc}}cei gne}be}/hkwbm gbewnxwfcz%

]fb Dklbfbkm Recqbxwc}s W}rmbe} Recne &DRWR#

cwwrbm k zxbwcmbe}ckd mbgxbb xb{rcxcei gdrhw }n bewrxb }fk} }fbcx obwwkibw kxb znwc}cqb kw kgnemc}cne na fkqcei naacgckd gdrh w}k}rw0 Gkozkciew orw} hb znwc}cqb ce ek}rxb kem gkeen}wdkembx }fb nzznwcei w}kegb na }fb gkozkcie< Kdd gdrh zrhdcgk}cnew wfkdd en} fkqb gne}be} }fk}

oks hb mbbobm kw naabewcqb nx ce hkm }kw}b }n kes cmbe}cackhdb ixnrz% C} wfnrdm hb en}bm }fk}}fcw mbgxbb fkw en} hbbe beanxgbm%

mbgdkxbm c}wbda }n hb naacgckdds zxn/gfncgb ce 8::6$ kem arx}fbx mbgdkxbm }fk} }fnwb yfn }fcelmcaabxbe}ds orw} lbbz }fbcx wzbbgf kem kg}cnew ce kggnxmkegb yc}f }fb w}rmbe} recnew w}kegb ne}fb wrh`bg}% DRWR gdkcow }fk} c} cw en} nzznwbm }n }fnwb yfn fndm zxn/dcab znwc}cnew wn dnei kw}fbwb ixnrzw mn en} kmqngk}b$ begnrxkib$ wrzznx}$ nx gnemneb }fb mbeckd na gfncgb }n kes n}fbxynobe%

zxnqcmbw kmmc}cnekd aremcei }n gdrhw zxnon}cei ibembx cwwrbw$ iks zxcmb$ ord}cgrd}rxkdcwo$beqcxneobe}kdcwo$ kem khnxcicekd cwwrbw$ yfcdb bvgdrmcei xbdcicnrw kem zndc}cgkd zkx}s gdrhwaxno xbgbcqcei naacgckd gdrh w}k}rw kem aremcei% Yfcdb }fb mbeckd na aremcei$ kw ybdd kw }fbixke}cei na kmmc}cnekd aremcei$ mn en} kaabg} }fb gkozrw axbb wzbbgf xcif}w na qkxcnrw ixnrzw$

mcwgxcocek}nxs aremcei zndcgcbw kxb k gdbkx mbzkx}rxb axno }fb hkwcg zxcegczdb }fk} kdd nzcecnew$hbdcbaw$ kem zfcdnwnzfcbw wfnrdm hb }xbk}bm b{rkdds ne k recqbxwc}s gkozrw%

]fb W}rmbe}w Wngcb}s na OgIcdd Recqbxwc}s &WWOR#

fkw ke B{rc}s Zndcgs yfcgf bemnxwbw mckdnirb ne gne}xnqbxwckd zndc}cgkd cwwrbw$ hr} neds ca wrgfmckdnirb cw ne dbic}cok}b }nzcgw kem gnemrg}bm ce k xbwzbg}ard$ ene/gnbxgcqb$ gnddbickdokeebx }fk} gneanxow }n }fb zndcgs ne mcwgxcocek}cne kem fkxkwwobe}% ]fb w}rmbe} ebywzkzbxOgIcdd ]xchreb znce}bm nr} }fk} }fb dbic}cokgs na k }nzcg kem }fb xbwzbg}ardebww kemgnddbickdc}s na mbhk}b kxb wrh`bg}cqb kem nzbe }n ce}bxzxb}k}cne kem mcwgrwwcne% ]fk} kekzznce}bm gnooc}}bb fkw }fb znybx }n xbonqb k gdrh)w aremcei ca }fbs mbbo c} ce gne}xkqbe}cnena neb na }fbwb cw ke}c}fb}cgkd }n }fb w}k}bm zrxznwb na begnrxkicei nzbe mcwgrwwcne%

gkddw c}wbda ke ke}c/nzzxbwwcqb nxikecpk}cne$ mbacecei nzzxbwwcne kw bvzdnc}k}cne$okxicekdcpk}cne$ znybxdbwwebww$ grd}rxkd cozbxckdcwo$ kem qcndbegb$ coznwbm hs k mnoceke}gdkww na zbnzdb ne}n k znybxdbww gdkww na zbnzdb }fxnrif wsw}bow kem ce}bxzbxwnekdce}bxkg}cnew% ]fb cegdrwcne na ce}bxzbxwnekd ce}bxkg}cnew ce }fb mbacec}cne na nzzxbwwcneicqbw ixbk}bw} dcgbewb }n ceaxceibobe} na axbb wzbbgf$ hbgkrwb kes abbdceiw na znybxdbwwebwwbqnlbm axno k gneqbxwk}cne ynrdm hb ce qcndk}cne na WWORw B{rc}s Zndcgs%

fkw ke B{rc}s Gnooc}}bb yfcgf gke xbonqb k gdrhw aremcei ca }fcw Gnooc}}bb mbbow }fbgdrhw kg}cne nx mcwgrwwcne }n hb ce qcndk}cne na }fb B{rc}s Zndcgs%

hkglw k Wkab Wzkgb zxnixko yfcgf hkew zndc}cgkdds cegnxxbg} wzbbgf ce zdkgbw ybxb Wkab


20/23

;6

Wzkgb zdk{rbw kxb znw}bm%

]fb Obonxckd Recqbxwc}s na Ebyanremdkem W}rmbe}w Recne

mbecbw xk}cacgk}cne }n kes ixnrz }fk} c} gnewcmbxw }n hb na k fnonzfnhcg$ xkgcw}$ kibcw}$ wbvcw} nxn}fbxycwb mcwgxcocek}nxs ek}rxb% ]fcw boznybxw w}rmbe} zndc}cgckew }n gbewnx kes wzbbgf }fbsmbbo }n hb mcwgxcocek}nxs hs anxgcei xbw}xcg}cnew ne }n k gdrh$ nx mbescei xk}cacgk}cne be}cxbds%

]fb W}rmbe} Abmbxk}cne na }fb Recqbxwc}s na N}}kyk &WARN#

fkw k zndcgs yfcgf mbecbw gdrh w}k}rw }n kes ixnrz yc}f mcwgxcocek}nxs gdkrwbw$ nx }fk} cwkaacdck}bm yc}f kes nxikecpk}cne }fk} fkw mcwgxcocek}nxs zndcgcbw nx zxkg}cgbw%

bozdnsw }fb rwb na ibembx zkxc}s wzbklcei zxcqcdbibw yfcgf xb{rcxbw icqcei fkda na }fbkqkcdkhdb wzbklcei nzznx}rec}cbw }n obohbxw na bkgf ibembx$ xbikxmdbww na }fb okdb/abokdb xk}cnna }fb krmcbegb zxbwbe} anx k zkx}cgrdkx obb}cei%

okce}kcew k Znw}bx Zndcgs }fk} hkew fk}b.abkx oneibxcei% Yfcdb kxirkhds k dkrmkhdb cmbkd$ c}cw en} mcaacgrd} }n ak}fno fny }fcw gnrdm hb rwbm kikcew}$ anx bvkozdb$ znw}bxw kmqbx}cwcei kgkozrw bqbe} khnr} Zkdbw}cecke }bxxnxcw} k}}kglw ne Cwxkbdc gc}cbw$ k} yfcgf k qcg}co na }fbwbk}}kglw cw }fb wzbklbx% Neb gnrdm kxirb }fk} }fcw ykw abkx oneibxcei kem ibebxk}cei fk}b

kikcew} Zkdbw}ceckew &nx k} dbkw} kikcew} }bxxnxcw}w#

]fb Recqbxwc}s na Wkwlk}gfbyke W}rmbe}w Recne &RWWR#

ycdd mb/xk}cas kes gkozrw gdrh yfcgf beikibw ce hbfkqcnrx }fk} RWWR mbbow }n hb reac} anx kecegdrwcqb$ ybdgnocei$ kem nzbe dbkxecei beqcxneobe}% ]fbxb cw en mbacec}cne$ kem }fbxb kxb enircmbdcebw$ kw }n yfk} gnrdm hb gnewcmbxbm reac} anx ke cegdrwcqb$ ybdgnocei kem nzbe dbkxeceibeqcxneobe}$ wrgf }fk} RWWR fkw hxnkm$ reab}}bxbm znybx }n mb/xk}cas k gkozrw gdrh hkwbm nec}w qcbyw$ nzcecnew$ zfcdnwnzfs kem bvzxbwwcne%

fkw k ]khdb Wzkgb Xbe}kd Zndcgs yfcgf mcwkddnyw naabewcqb ok}bxckdw$ kikce gneabxxcei hxnkmznybxw ne RWWR }n mbgcmb yfk} c} gnewcmbxw naabewcqb% Nmmds$ }fb zndcgs kdwn w}k}bw }fk}Xbwzbg} anx mcqbxibe} znce}w na qcby cw bvzbg}bm k} kdd }cobw%

]fb Recqbxwc}s na Ybw}bxe Ne}kxcn Recqbxwc}s W}rmbe} Gnregcd &RWG#

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21/23

;3

qkirb }bxow icqb k ixbk} mbkd na mcwgxb}cne }n }fb w}rmbe} recnew Bvbgr}cqb Gnooc}}bb }nmb}bxoceb yfcgf obwwkibw oks hb mcw}xchr}bm }fxnrif zrhdcgk}cnew kem yfcgf oks en}%

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gkozkcie ok}bxckd$ cegdrmcei }bv}$ cokibw kem dksnr}% ]fb zndcgs mnbw en} wb} nr} gxc}bxck nxn}fbx ircmkegb$ }fbxbhs boznybxcei }fb GXN }n gbewnx bdbg}cne gkozkcie ok}bxckdw ne }fbhkwcw na }fbcx gne}be}$ kem coznwb zbekd}cbw anx qcndk}cnew%

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]fb xbokcecei wbqbe na }fb ;6 w}rmbe} recnew xbgbcqbm k xkelcei na Obmcngxb ce xbwzbg} na }fbcxzndcgcbw kem zxcegczdbw0

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W}rmbe} recne kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw xkelceiw

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Wbqbe na }fb ;6 w}rmbe} recnew xbgbcqbm k xkelcei na Innm ce xbwzbg} na }fbcx kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw0

Recqbxwc}s na Hxc}cwf Gndrohck Wcone Axkwbx Recqbxwc}s Recqbxwc}s na Kdhbx}k Recqbxwc}s na ]nxne}n [rbbew Recqbxwc}s Recqbxwc}s na Eby Hxrewycgl Mkdfnrwcb Recqbxwc}s

]fbxb kxb en xbznx}bm cegcmbe}w na }fb W}rmbe} Recnew k} }fbwb wbqbe recqbxwc}cbw xbw}xcg}cei nxgbewnxcei wzbbgf$ mbescei kggbww }n xnnow kem qberbw ne gkozrw$ nx beikicei ce n}fbx kg}w namcwgxcocek}cne kikcew} k ixnrz ne }fb hkwcw na c}w nzcecne$ hbdcba$ zfcdnwnzfs nx bvzxbwwcne%

Eceb na }fb ;6 w}rmbe} recnew xbgbcqbm k xkelcei na Znnx ce xbwzbg} na }fbcx kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw0


22/23

8:

]fb Recqbxwc}s na Gkdikxs W}rmbe}w Recne

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}fb Recqbxwc}s na Gkdikxs% ]fb gdrh nh}kcebm dbikd xbzxbwbe}k}cne$ kem ykw bqbe}rkddsxbcew}k}bm ce @reb na 8:;: yfbe k eby ixnrz na w}rmbe} zndc}cgckew ybxb bdbg}bm }n }fb W}rmbe}wRecne znwc}cnew%

mbecbm rwb na }fb Wnr}f Gnrx}skxm W}kib &k zxnocebe}$ fcif/}xkaacg kxbk yc}fce }fb W}rmbe}wRecne hrcdmcei# mrxcei }fb 8:;:/;; kgkmbocg sbkx }n ke bqbe} gkddbm Bgfnbw na }fb Fndngkrw}yfcdb oklcei }fb wkob wzkgb kqkcdkhdb }n kdd n}fbx gkozrw gdrhw kem ixnrzw%

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kddngk}bm }fcw wzkgb }n ken}fbx ixnrz ne }fk} mk}b%

]fb Gkxdb}ne Recqbxwc}s W}rmbe} Kwwngck}cne &GRWK#

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]fb Dklbfbkm Recqbxwc}s W}rmbe} Recne

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W}rmbe}w Wngcb}s na OgIcdd Recqbxwc}s &WWOR#

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]fb Recqbxwc}s na Wkwlk}gfbyke W}rmbe}w Recne &RWWR#


23/23

8;

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]fb Ycdaxcm Dkrxcbx Recqbxwc}s W}rmbe}w Recne &YDRWR#

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W}rmbe} recnew k} }fb Recqbxwc}s na Okec}nhk kem }fb Recqbxwc}s na N}}kyk xbgbcqbm k xkelcei naObmcngxb ce xbwzbg} na }fbcx kg}cnew kem zxkg}cgbw%

justice centre for constitutional freedoms (jccf) - the 2011 campus freedom index - measuring the...

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