Újv Řež, a. s. power flow problem in a smart grid with ... · ohm´s law two kirchhoff´s...
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ÚJV Řež, a. s.
Power Flow Problem in a Smart Grid with
Hydrogen Storage Systems
Michal Morte04.04.2014
HydrogenDays
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Essential Questions
How does power engineering look at hydrogen storage systems?
Could be hydrogen storage systems easy involved in all kinds of electrical grid (especially smart)?
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Power Flow Problem
Ohm´s LawTwo Kirchhoff´s circuits laws
Current LawVoltage Law
Non – linear problemComplex Impedance
ResistanceCapacityInductance
PowerActive P (W)Reactive Q (var)Complex S (VA)
Power Factor = P / S
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Power Flow Problem
Generally Non – linear set of equationsf (x, u, p) = 0
x is vector containing the state variablesu is a vector with known control outputsp is a vector of parameters
Mathematical methodsGauss – SeidelNewton – Raphson
Four VariablesVoltage MagnitudeVoltage AngleActive PowerReactive Power
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Power Flow Problem
Transmission and Distribution Network
NodesThree kind of nodes
Voltage controlled nodePU
Load nodePQ
Slack nodeUθ
BranchesTopology
Admittance matrix
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Power Flow Problem
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Load Profile - Today
Only in generalOTE, a.s.
Regions
Temperature involvedDailyMonthlySeasonlyYearly
Typified load profilesVarious groups
FactoriesResidentials
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Load Profile – Smart Grid
ExampleCity
Two districtsWorkers´Academic
Different load profiles for both districtsStudents live their days differently than workers
Power engineersCould with a smart grid optimize power flow in different parts of
CityRegionCountry???
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Hydrogen Storage as a Node
Fuel cellLinearized polarization curveResistance
Only ohmic losses
No problem with reactive power and power factor
But power engineer needs reactive power for regulation of voltage!
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Hydrogen Storage as a Node
Ordinary power flow problem becomes more complexIn each node the load profile must be involved
Each time interval a new instance of power flow problemStability of the system must be guaranteed for the worst scenarios
Storage systems - and more complex again PQ nodeSometime as a load, sometime as a generator
Minus - loadPlus - generator
Very powerful IT technology must be used!
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Conclusion
It will not be easy to build a completely new and fully functional national smart grid with storage systemsDeeper and more complex real – time calculations are needed!Such systems will be very vulnerable
DestructionHacking
They will cost a lot of moneyTrillions of euro in the course of the next half of century!
But if all goes well, they will be a small step to paradiseBut if all went well, they would be a small step to paradiseWhich conditional do you prefer?
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THANK FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Ing. Mgr. Michal MorteHydrogen Technologies DepartmentNuclear Safety and Reliability Department
UJV Řež,a.s.Hlavní 130, 250 68, Husinec-ŘežCzech RepublicTel. +420 266 173 564Email: [email protected]
www.ujv.cz
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