k. freeman, b. raun, k. martin, r.teal, d. arnall, m. stone, j. solie

By-Plant Prediction of Corn Forage By-Plant Prediction of Corn Forage Biomass and Grain Yield at Various Biomass and Grain Yield at Various

Growth Stages using NDVI and Growth Stages using NDVI and Plant HeightPlant Height

K. Freeman, B. Raun, K. Martin, K. Freeman, B. Raun, K. Martin, R.Teal, D. Arnall, M. Stone, J. R.Teal, D. Arnall, M. Stone, J.

Solie Solie

IntroductionIntroduction

Stone el al., 1996 found that N uptake could Stone el al., 1996 found that N uptake could be predicted in winter wheat using NDVI.be predicted in winter wheat using NDVI.

Varvel et al., 1997 noted that corn N status Varvel et al., 1997 noted that corn N status could be monitored using chlorophyll meters.could be monitored using chlorophyll meters.

Muchado et al., 2002 stated that in dry years, Muchado et al., 2002 stated that in dry years, plant height can explain 90% and 61% of the plant height can explain 90% and 61% of the variation of total dry and grain yield, variation of total dry and grain yield, respectively. respectively.

IntroductionIntroductiony = 151.13e3.6704x

R2 = 0.78

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IntroductionIntroduction

Prediction of Corn Forage Biomass Prediction of Corn Forage Biomass Avenue for predicting final grain yieldAvenue for predicting final grain yield Estimate Corn Silage in the FieldEstimate Corn Silage in the Field

Prediction of Corn Forage N UptakePrediction of Corn Forage N Uptake Prediction of Corn Grain YieldPrediction of Corn Grain Yield

Ability to predict corn grain yield will help to Ability to predict corn grain yield will help to prescribe N rates mid-seasonprescribe N rates mid-season

These rates can be predicted on a by-plant basisThese rates can be predicted on a by-plant basis

ObjectiveObjective To determine the feasibility of by-To determine the feasibility of by-

plant sensor data collected at various plant sensor data collected at various stages of corn development for stages of corn development for predicting corn forage biomass, N predicting corn forage biomass, N uptake, and corn grain yield.uptake, and corn grain yield.

MethodsMethods

INSEY_DFP = NDVI / Days from INSEY_DFP = NDVI / Days from Planting to SensingPlanting to Sensing

INSEY_GDD = NDVI / Cumulative INSEY_GDD = NDVI / Cumulative GDD from Planting to SensingGDD from Planting to Sensing

GDD = (TempGDD = (Tempmin min + Temp+ Tempmaxmax /2) – 40 F /2) – 40 F Regression analysis performed using Regression analysis performed using

an exponential modelan exponential model

MethodsMethods

• A GreenSeeker A GreenSeeker Sensor was Sensor was mounted on a mounted on a bicyclebicycle• A shaft encoder A shaft encoder was used to assign was used to assign distance to each distance to each sensor readingsensor reading• Readings were Readings were taken once per taken once per centimetercentimeter

MethodsMethods

• Plant Height measurements were taken at each sensor reading and clipping• Heights were measured by extending the last collared leaf upright

MethodsMethods

Area Calculation for Plant 2 Area = ½(10) + ½(30)* Row Spacing

Then, Area = (5 cm + 15cm)* 76cm= 1520 cm2

23

1

30cm

10cm

ResultsResults3 stages, 2 locations, 2 years

R2 = 0.19

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EFAW V8_03Perkins V8_03EFAW V10_03Perkins V10_03EFAW V8_04Perkins V8_04EFAW VT_04Perkins VT_04EFAW VT-R1_03Perkins VT-R1_03EFAW R1_04Perkins R1_04

V8-V10 Growth StagesR2 = 0.59

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EFAW V8_03Perkins V8_03EFAW V10_03Perkins V10_03EFAW V8_04Perkins V8_04

ResultsResults


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ResultsResultsV8-V10 Growth Stages

R2 = 0.6

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ResultsResults


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ResultsResults

VT-R1 Growth StagesR2 = 0.42

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EFAW VT-R1_03Perkins VT-R1_03EFAW VT 04EFAW R1_04Perkins R1_04Perkins VT_04


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EFAW VT-R1_03

Perkins VT-R1_03

EFAW VT 04

EFAW R1_04

Perkins R1_04

Perkins VT_04

ResultsResults


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ResultsResultsVT-R1 Growth Stages

R2 = 0.64

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EFAW VT-R1_03Perkins VT-R1_03EFAW VT_04EFAW R1_04Perkins R1_04Perkins VT_04


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ResultsResultsV8

R2 = 0.54

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Perkins 04EFAW 04

V10R2 = 0.71

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R1R2 = 0.46

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Perkins 04EFAW 04

R6R2 = 0.04

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Perkins 04EFAW 04

ResultsResultsV8

R2 = 0.59

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Perkins 04

EFAW 04

V10R2 = 0.71

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Perkins 04EFAW 04

R1R2 = 0.51

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Perkins 04EFAW 04

ResultsResultsV8

R2 = 0.58

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Perkins 04EFAW 04

V10R2 = 0.71

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Perkins 04EFAW 04

R1R2 = 0.5

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Perkins 04EFAW 04

ResultsResults

2 Locations, 2004

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V8 R2 = 0.32VT R2 = 0.81R1 R2 = 0.75

ResultsResults2 Locations, 2004

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V8 R2 = 0.59V11 R2 = 0.76R1 R2 = 0.69

ConclusionsConclusions NDVI was a better predictor of forage NDVI was a better predictor of forage

yield at early growth stages yield at early growth stages N uptake was correlated with NDVI at N uptake was correlated with NDVI at

early and later growth stagesearly and later growth stages The product of NDVI and Plant Height The product of NDVI and Plant Height

improved the ability to predict forage improved the ability to predict forage and N uptakeand N uptake

ConclusionsConclusions

Final grain yield was accurately Final grain yield was accurately predicted at the V10 and V8 growth predicted at the V10 and V8 growth stages.stages.

INSEY was slightly better than NDVI INSEY was slightly better than NDVI alone for predicting final grain yield.alone for predicting final grain yield.

There was no difference between There was no difference between INSEY_DFP and INSEY_GDD. INSEY_DFP and INSEY_GDD.

http://www.soiltesting.okstate.edu/SBNRC/SBNRC.phphttp://www.nue.okstate.edu

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V8V11R1R6

By-Plant Prediction of Corn Grain Yield with Sensor By-Plant Prediction of Corn Grain Yield with Sensor Reading taken from V8-R6 Growth Stages in 2004Reading taken from V8-R6 Growth Stages in 2004

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EFAW V8_03Perkins V8_03EFAW V10_03Perkins V10_03EFAW V8_04Perkins V8_04Perkins V11_04

By-Plant Prediction of Corn Forage N Uptake By-Plant Prediction of Corn Forage N Uptake at V8-V11 Growth Stage using NDVI in 2003 at V8-V11 Growth Stage using NDVI in 2003

& 2004& 2004

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ResultsResults


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By-Plant Prediction of Corn Forage N uptake By-Plant Prediction of Corn Forage N uptake at V8-V11 Growth Stage using Plant Height at V8-V11 Growth Stage using Plant Height

in 2003 & 2004in 2003 & 2004

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By-Plant Prediction of Corn Forage N Uptake at V8-By-Plant Prediction of Corn Forage N Uptake at V8-V11 Growth Stage using NDVI*Height in 2003 & V11 Growth Stage using NDVI*Height in 2003 &

20042004

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k. freeman, b. raun, k. martin, r.teal, d. arnall, m. stone, j. solie

Documents

corn n status

plant heightk

plant basisobjective

early growth stages

v8 growth stages

plant sensor data

various growth stages

ndvi days