K. Kitazawa T. Ishiguro (Eds.)

Advances in Superconductivity Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS '88), August 28-31, 1988, Nagoya

IISTECI

With 938 Figures

Springer Japan KK

Prof. Dr. KOICHI KITAZAWA Department of Industrial Chemistry The University of Tokyo Tokyo, 113 Japan

Prof. Dr. T AKEHIKO ISHIGURO Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto, 606 Japan

ISBN 978-4-431-68086-4 ISBN 978-4-431-68084-0 (eBook) DOl 10.1007/978-4-431-68084-0

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting,. reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks.

© Springer Japan 1989 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Tokyo 1989 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989

The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use .

Preface

These proceedings are a referred account of the First Intern~tional Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS '88) held on August 28 to 31 in Nagoya, Japan under the sponsorship of the International Superconductivity Technology Center (ISTEC). Approximately 43 invited papers and 111 contributed papers were presented at the meeting. Most of the invited papers include reviews, ranging from mechanisms of superconductivity, its history, developments of new materials, to prospects of its application. Up-to-date developments are mostly included in the poster presentation. However, time and space limitations prevented the Program Committee from having more invited and poster presentations. This volume contains 112 invited and contributed papers from Japanese industries and hence a good overview of their current activities.

The practical application of superconducting materials progressed forward at a rather slow pace until two years ago. The revolutionary breakthrough in the critical temperature of superconductivity brought about by Bednorz and Muller then not only stirred the studies on high temperature superconductors but also prompted practical usage of conventional metallic superconductors. Therefore, this symposium covered the possible fields in which the application of the metallic superconductors is expected as well as the developments in the basic studies on high temperature superconductors.

Standing at what may prove to be a turning point of scientific history, we are overwhelmed by the enthusiasm shown by the people who are pushing this history ahead and sparing some time to get together to discuss their latest findings.

It is impossible to summarize the current status of such fascinating fields in short phrases, but certain progress has been achieved, especially in the various processing methods of the materials and devices and in the resulting supercon­ducting properties. In the meantime, the problems associated with the oxide superconductors (which are thought to be inherent in these materials) have been clarified to some degree. We hope that steady effort will someday solve these problems and open the bright future of superconducitivity.

Finally, we are grateful to Aichi Prefecture and Nagoya City for the financial support and to the symposium committees and the ISTEC office for their great devotion during the past several months.

KOICHI KITAZAWA

TAKEHIKO ISHIGURO

Organization of ISS '88

Sponsored by: International Superconductivity Technology Center (ISTEC)

Co-Sponsored by: Aichi Prefectural Government City of Nagoya Chubu Economic Federation Nagoya Chamber of Commerce and Industry The Chubu Industrial Advancement Center

Supported by: Ministry of International Trade and Industry Nagoya Bureau of International Trade and Industry Ceramic Society of Japan Japan Chemical Industry Association Japan Electronic Industry Development Association Japan Mining Industry Association Japan Fine Ceramics Association New Energy Development Organization Physical Society of Japan Research and Development Association for Future Electron Devices The Chemical Society of Japan The Cryogenic Society of Japan The Federation of Electric Power Companies The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan The Institute of Electronics Information and Communication Engine~rs, Japan The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan The Japan Electrical Manufacturers' Association The Japanese Electric Wire & Cable Makers' Association The Japan Institute of Metals The Japan Iron and Steel Federation The Japan Key Technology Center The Japan Society of Applied Physics

Organization Committee

Chairman:

VITI

GAISHI HIRAIWA, President, ISTEC (Vice Chairman, Keidanren)

Members: KAZUO FUEKI, Professor, Science University of Tokyo Kozo IiZUKA, Director General, AIST, MITI TETSURO KAWAKAMI, Deputy President, ISTEC

(President, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.) KATSUSHIGE MITA, Deputy President, ISTEC (President, Hitachi, Ltd.) NAOKI KURODA, Director General, Nagoya Bureau of International Trade and

Industry, MITI YOSHIO MUTO, Professor, Tohoku University SADAO NAKAJIMA, Professor, Tokai University TAKEYOSHI NISHIO, Mayor, Nagoya City SHINROKU SAITO, Professor Emeritus, Tokyo Institute of Technology REIJI SUZUKI, Governor, Aichi Prefecture KOTARO TAKEDA, President, Nagoya Chamber of Commerce and Industry SEIICHI TANAKA, Chairman, Chubu Economic Federation

(Chairman, The Chubu Industrial Advancement Center) SHOJI TANAKA, Vice President, ISTEC (Professor, Tokai University) SAKAE YAMAMURA, Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo

International Advisory Committee

B. BATLOGG, AT & T Bell Laboratories M.R. BEASLEY, Stanford University H.K. BOWEN, MIT P. CHAUDHURI, IBM Watson Research Center C.W. CHU, Houston University V.J. EMERY, Brookhaven National Laboratory J.E. EVEns, University of Cambridge <P. FISHER, University of Geneva D.K. FiNNEMORE, AMES Laboratory F.Y. FRADIN, Argonne National Laboratory T.H. GEBALLE, Stanford University D. JEROME, Universite de Paris-Sud M.B. MAPLE, University of California K.A. MULLER, IBM Zurich H.R. On, ETH Zurich B. RAVEAU, Universite de Caen A.W. SLEIGHT, Du Pont M. SUENAGA, Brookhaven National Laboratory

Steering Committee

Chairman: SHOJI TANAKA, ISTEC

Members:

IX

KAZUO FUEKI, Science University of Tokyo HIDETOSHI FUKUYAMA, The University of Tokyo HISAO HA YAKAWA, Nagoya University TAKASHI HIRAYAMA, Tokyo Electric Power Company TOHRu INOUE, Nippon Steel Corporation TAKEHIKO ISHIGURO, Kyoto University SHOEI KATAOKA, Sharp Corporation KOICHI KITAZAWA, The University of Tokyo SHIGERU MAEKAWA, Electrotechnical Laboratories YOSHIO MUTO, Tohoku University HIROYASU OGIWARA, Toshiba Corporation DAIZABURO SHINODA, NEC Corporation YASUTSUGU TAKEDA, Hitachi, Ltd. TETSUYA UCHINO, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.

Program and Editorial Committee

Chairman: KOICHI KITAZAWA, The University of Tokyo

Subchairman: TAKEHIKO ISHIGURO, Kyoto University

Members: JUNJI FUJIE, Railway Technical Research Institute HIDETOSHI FUKUYAMA, The University of Tokyo YASUO HASHIMOTO, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation SHINYA HASUO, Fujitsu Laboratories, Ltd. HISAO HAYAKAWA, Nagoya University OSAMU HORIGAMI, Toshiba Corporation KEIZO ISHIKAWA, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Yuzo KATAYAMA, NTT Corporation USHIO KAWABE, Hitachi, Ltd. YOICHI KIMURA, Electrotechnical Laboratory TAKESHI KOBAYASHI, Osaka University OSAMU KOHNO, Fujikura, Ltd. SADAMICHI MAEKAWA, Nagoya University EISUKE MASADA, The University of Tokyo SHINPEI MATSUDA, Hitachi, Ltd. MASATO MURAKAMI, Nippon Steel Corporation YOSHIO MUTO, Tohoku University KOSHICHI NOTo, Tohoku University SETSUO TAKEzAwA, Japan Foundation for Shipbuilding Advancement YASUZO TANAKA, The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. JAW-SHEN TSAI, NEC Corporation SHINICHI UCHIDA, The University of Tokyo TOKuo WAKIYAMA, Tohoku University KIYOTAKA WASA, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. ATSUSHI YAMAGUCHI, The Kansai Electric Power Co., Ltd. SHUJI YAZU, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.

x

General Affairs Committee

Chairman: HISAO HAYAKAWA, Nagoya University

Members: YOSHIO FURUTO, The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. YASUO HASHIMOTO, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation KAORU INAGAKI, Nagoya City HIROO KINOSHITA, Toyota Motor Corporation KANJI OHYA, NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. HIDEAKI OKINO, Nagoya Bureau of International Trade and Industry, MITI SAKAE TANEMURA, Government Industrial Research Institute, Nagoya KAZUHIKO YAMADA, Aichi Prefecture HIROSHI YOSHIDA, Chubu Electric Power Co., Ltd. SHIZUKA YOSHII, Ube Industries, Ltd.

Contents

1 History of Superconductivity

* A History of Superconductivity M.R. BEASLEY. With 21 Figures

2 Prospects for Application of Superconductivity

* Application to Electric Power System T. MITSUI. With 12 Figures ........ .

Applicability of Superconductivity in the Electric Power System: A Canadian Perspective

3

19

F.Y. CHU, R. ROBERGE ........................... 25

* Superconductive Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) for Electric Utilities J.M. PFOTENHAUER, R.W. BOOM. With 4 Figures .......... 33

* Current Situation of R&D on Superconductive Power Application Technologies Carried out by Engineering Research Association for Superconductive Generation Equipment and Materials K. UYEDA .................................. 39

* Development of Superconducting Magnet for Fusion Power S. SHIMAMOTO. With 7 Figures ................ .

* R&D Superconductive Electro-Magnetic Propulsion Ship S. TAKEZAWA. With 2 Figures ................. .

* Superconducting Magnets for Magnetic Resonance Imaging T. YAMADA, S. YAMAMOTO, T. MATSUDA, M. MORITA, M. TAKECHI, Y. SHIMADA. With 8 Figures

* Application of Superconductivity to transportation: Magnetically Levitated Train H. TANAKA. With 9 Figures

Potential Benefits of Superconductivity to Transportation in the United States D.M. ROTE, L.R. JOHNSON. With 4 Figures .......... .

* Superconducting Magnet for Magnetically Levitated Vehicle

43

51

55

59

65

M. YAMAJI, H. NAKASHIMA. With 5 Figures .............. 71

* Prospects for Superconducting Electronics Y. TAKEDA. With 6 Figures ........................... 77

XII

"Josephson Digital and Analog Devices with Niobium Junctions S. HASl:O. With R Figures ........................ Rl

* A Superconducting IC Technology Based on Refractory Josephson Tunnel Junctions S. TAKADA. With 9 Figures ......................... R7

Josephson Parametric Amplifiers: Low Noise at 9GHz H.K. OLSSON, T. CLAESON. With 6 Figures ..... .

Losses in AC Supcrconducting Coils H. KASAHARA, S. AKITA, T. ISHIKAWA, T. TANAKA. With 7 Figures ......... ............... .

3 Organic Superconductors

* Chemical and Physical Properties of Organic Superconductor K-(BEDT-TTFhCu(NCSh G. SAITO, H. URAYAMA, H. YAMOCHI, K. OSHIMA. With 12 Figures ....................... .

Organic Metals and Superconductors Based on BEDT-TTF H. URAYAMA, H. YAMOCHI, G. SAITO, K. OSHIMA. With I () Figures ............................. .

4 Oxide Superconductors

4.1 Mechanisms of Superconductivity

*The Spin Bag Mechanism of High Temperature Superconductivity

93

99

107

113

J.R. SCHRIEFFER, X.-G. WEN, S.-c. ZHANG. With 1 Figure 123

* Electronic States in Oxide Superconductors S. MAEKAWA .................... . 127

" Are Metal-Oxide Superconductors Charged Bosonic Superfluids? L.J. DE JONGH. With 5 Figures ...................... 133

4.2 Crystal Chemistry and Electronic Structure

* Structure-Property Relations in High-Temperature Oxide Superconductors: Nature of Oxygen and Copper C.N.R. RAO. With 5 Figures .................. .

* Crystal Chemistry of Superconductive Bismuth and Thallium Cuprates

145

B. RAVEAU, C. MICHEL, M. HERVIEU. With 7 Figures ....... 151

* Crystal Chemistry of the Copper Oxide Based High Temperature Superconductors R.J. CAVA. With 3 Figures ............................ 159

The Important Role of High Oxidation States in Cuprate Superconductors S.X. Dou, H.K. LIu, J.P. ZHOU, A.J. BOURDILLON, c.c. SORRELL. With 5 Figures .......................... 165

XIII

XANES Study of Copper Valence and Structure in High Tc Superconducting Oxides K.B. GARG, K.V.R. RAO, N.L. SAINI, D.C. JAIN, H.S. CHAUHAN, U. CHANDRA, J. SINGH. With 7 Figures .............. 169

Photoemission Study of Single Crystal BizSr2CaCU20g T. TAKAHASHI, H. MATSUYAMA, H. KATAYAMA-YOSHIDA, Y. OKABE, S. HOSOYA, K. SEKI, H. FUJIMOTO, M. SATO. H. INOKUCHI. With 8 Figures ..................... 175

X-Ray Photoel~ctron Spectra of La,+xBa2_xCU30y(X=O.2. 0.3, 0.4. 0.5) A. SAITO, S. YAHAGI, S. YAMAGUCHI, H. HAYAKAWA, Y. IGUCHI. With 8 Figures .................................. 181

X-Ray Photoemission Study of High-Tc Superconducting Thin Film T. MACHI, A. TANAKA, N. KAMEHARA, K. NIWA. With 5 Figures 187

Electronic and Structural Properties of Ba2 Y '-xPr xCU307-b

A. MATSUDA. K. KINOSHITA. T. ISHII. H. SHIBATA. T. WATANABE. T. YAMADA. With 12 Figures ....................... 191

New Experimental Results Concerning the Difference Between Various Tcs of LnBa2CU,Oy (Ln=Lanthanide) T. IWATA, M. HIKITA, S. TSURUMI. With 6 Figures ....... 197

Raman Study of High-Tc Superconductor Bi(1.7Pbo3SrCaCuU;Oy T. SUZUKI. K. HOTTA. Y. KOIKE, H. HIROSE. With 5 Figures 203

Luminescence Study of New High Tc Oxide Superconductors Y. FUJIWARA. M. TONOUCHI. T. KOBAYASHI. With 7 Figures 209

Consideration of Interaction Between Carriers and Magnetic Rare-Earth Ions in R,Ba2Cu30y (R=Rare-Earth Ions) Based on ESR and Resistivity Studies K. SUGAWARA. With 4 Figures ......................... 215

The Effect of the Addition of S, Se and Te in Ba-Y -Cu-O on Its Superconductive Properties S. KAMBE, M. KAWAI. With 3 Figures

4.3 Phase Diagram and Crystal Growth

Phase Diagram and Crystal Growth of RBa2Cu307-v System K. OKA, M. SAITO, M. ITO, K. NAKANE, H. UNOK·1.

219

With 3 Figures .............................. 225

Superconductivity on Single Crystals of TI-Ca-Ba-Cu-O System H. TAKEI, T. KOTANI, T. KANEKO, K. TADA. With 3 Figures 229

Single-Crystal Growth of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu Oxides and Its Superconductivity S. NOMURA, T. YAMASHITA, H. YOSHINO, K. ANDO. With 8 Figures .................................... 233

4.4 Processing and Microstructure

* Progress in Processings of Oxide Superconductor Y. TANAKA. With 9 Figures ............... . 241

XIV

* Microstructure and Transport Properties of Oxide Superconductors M. MURAKAMI, S. MATSUDA, K. SAWANO, K. MIYAMOTO, A. HAYASHI, M. MORITA, K. 001, H. TESHIMA, M. SUGIYAMA, M. KIMURA, M. FUJINAMI, M. SAGA, M. MATSUO, H. HAMADA. With 9 Figures

Completely Textured Yttrium Barium Cup rate Superconductors D.N. MATIHEWS, A. BAILEY, S. TOWN, G. ALVAREZ, G.J. RUSSELL, K.N.R. TAYLOR, F. SCOTI, M. McGIRR, D.J.H. CORDEROY.

247

With 7 Figures .................................. 253

Densification and Critical Current Density of YBa2Cu30x Ceramics S. KOBAYASHI, T. KANDORI, Y. SAITO, S. WADA. With 6 Figures 259

Processing of Dense, Fine Grained YBa2Cu30x Ceramics Using a Spray-Drying Technique N. NAKAMURA, M. ISHIDA, Y. KOSEKI, and M. SHIMOTOMAI. With 3 Figures .................................... 265

Effect of Cu and Sources on Powder Processing and Densification of Superconducting YBa2Cu30x Ceramic H.C. LING. With 6. Figures ............................ 269

YBa2Cu307-b Superconductor-Insulator Composites - The Percolation Limit and Device Potential K.N.R. TAYLOR, D.N. MATIHEWS, G.J. RUSSELL, M. SHEPHERD, G. ALVAREZ, K. SEALEY. With 8 Figures .................. 275

High-Tc Ceramic Superconductors Through Oxidation of Mechanically AIIoyed Y-Ba-Cu and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu Powders S. MURASAKI, S. TANIGUCHI, U. MIZUTANI, M. SUGANUMA, Y. YAMADA. With 5 Figures ........................... 281

Densification Behavior of YBa2Cu307-b Sintering H. SAKAI, M. YOSHIDA, K. MATSUHIRO. With 6 Figures

Preparation and Superconducting Properties of Y-Ba-Cu and Y-Ba-Cu-F Oxides

287

I. NAKAGAWA, K. YASUDA, H. MATSUI, S. ITO. With 10 Figures 293

4.5 Tapes and Thick Films

Preparation of High Tc Superconductive Thin Tape from Acid Salts T. NAKAMOTO, M. FUKUSHIMA, H. KOBAYASHI, T. SHIONO, E. HOSOKAWA, H. NASU, T. IMURA, Y. OSAKA. With 5 Figures .................................... 301

Superconducting Properties of Y-Ba-Cu-O Sheet by a Tape Casting Method S. YAMANA, H. KUWAJIMA, T. ASHIZAWA, S. SHIMODA, K. SUMIYA, T. KOSUGI, T. KAMO. With 8 Figures ............. 305

Critical Current Densities of Silver Sheathed TI-Ba-Ca-Cu Oxide Superconducting Tapes M. SEIDO, F. HOSONO, Y. ISHIGAMI, T. KAMO, K. AIHARA, S. MATSUDA. With 5 Figures ........................... 309

xv

Fabrication and Properties of Superconducting Ba-Y -Cu-O and Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O Tapes T. MATSUBARA, Y. YAMADA, J. KASE, N. IRISAWA, J. SHIMOYAMA, M. MITSUHASHI, M. SASAKI, H. ABE, T. MORIMOTO. With 7 Figures .................................. 313

Multi-Layered Superconducting YBa2Cu}Oy Thick Films on Y 2BaCuO~ Substrate K. YOSHIARA, K. KAGATA, T. HIROKI, K. NAKAHIGASHI. With 5 Figures ............................ .

Preparation of Superconducting Printed Thick Films of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Systems

319

K. HOSHINO, H. TAKAHARA, M. FUKUTOMI. With 9 Figures 325

Formation of Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconducting Films from Chloroform-Formalin Solution of Acetyl Aceton Complexes N. NISHIYAMA, J. FUJIOKA, O. MURATA, K. NISHIO, H. TABATA, T. YOSHIHARA. With 6 Figures ........................ 331

Fabrication of High Tc Superconducting Films by Spray Pyrolysis H. NOBUMASA, K. SHIMIZU, T. ARIMA, K. MATSUMURA, Y. KITANO, T. KAWAI. With 7 Figures ........................ 335

Preparation of Superconducting Thick Films of Y-Ba-Cu-O by Gas Deposition of Ultrafine Powder K. HATANAKA, M. KAITOU, M. UMEHARA, S. KASHU, C. HAYASHI. With 6 Figures .................................... 341

4.6 Wires and Coils

* Stabilization of a Superconducting Magnet Wound by a High Tc Oxide Conductor H. MAEDA ............................... 349

Preparation of High Tc Oxide Superconducting Filaments by Suspension Spinning Method T. GOTO, H. INAJI, K. TAKEUCHI, K. YAMADA. With 5 Figures 353

* Superconducting Wire of High Tc Oxide by Diffusion Process O. KOHNO, Y. lKENO, N. SADAKATA, A. KUME. With 10 Figures 359

Microstructures and Superconducting Properties of Y-Ba-Cu Oxide Coils Prepared by the Explosive Compaction Technique S. HAGINO, M. SUZUKI, T. TAKESHITA, K. TAKASHIMA, H. TONDA. With 11 Figures .................................... 365

Fabrication and Characterization of Ceramic Superconducting Composite Wire M.R. NOTIs, M.-S. OH, B. AVITZUR, a.-F. LIU, H. JAIN. With 4 Figures .............................. 371

Development of High Tc Superconducting Wire by Powder Method M. NAGATA, K. OHMATSU, H. MUKAI, T. HIKATA, Y. HOSODA, N. SHIBUTA, K. SATO, H. HITOTSUYANAGI, M. KAWASHIMA. With 5 Figures ................................... 377

XVI

4.7 Coherence Length, Magnetic Properties, and Critical Current

"Properties of High Tc Short Coherence Length Superconductors G. DEUTSCHER .................................... 383

* Free Energy Surfaces in the Superconducting Mixed State O.K. FINNEMORE. M.M. FANG. N.P. BANSAL. D.E. FARRELL. With 4 Figures .................................. 389

History Dependence of Weakly Coupled Intergrain Currents in a Sintered Oxide Superconductor T. MATSUSHITA. B. NI. K. YAMAFUJI. K. WATANABE. K. NOTO, H. MORITA, H. FUJIMORI, Y. MUTO. With 7 Figures ................................. 393

Trapped Magnetic Flux in YBa2CU307-i> Superconductors D.N. MATTHEWS, G.J. RUSSELL, K.N.R. TAYLOR, B. PURCZUK. With 3 Figures .............................. 399

Ceramic Problems/Challenges in High Temperature Oxide Superconductors; Hysteretic Force Measurements As a New Analysis Tool P.E.D. MORGAN, J.J. RATTO, R.M. HOUSLEY, J.R. PORTER, D.B. MARSHALL, R.E. DE WAMES. With 10 Figures ........ 405

Magnetization of Various Bulk Oxide Superconductors S. YOKOYAMA, M. MORITA, T. YAMADA, H. HIGUMA. With 6 Figures ............................ 411

Preliminary Results of Tc and Jc Measurements on YBa2Cu30, Y. KIMURA, N. HIGUCHI, S. MEGURO, K. TAKAHASHI, K. UYEDA, T. ISHIHARA, E. INUKAI, M. UMEDA ....... 417

A Deterioration Mechanism on Critical Current Densities of High Temperature Superconductors K. IMAI, H. MATSUBA. With 7 Figures ............ .

Effect of Chemical Non-Stoichiometry on Critical Current Density of Oxide Superconductors K. 001, M. MURAKAMI, S. MATSUDA, A. TAKAYAMA.

421

With 8 Figures .................................... 427

Temperature and Magnetic Field Dependence of the Critical Current in Polycrystalline Ba2 YCU30y H. OBARA. H. YAMASAKI. Y. KIMURA. Y. HIGASHIDA. T. ISHIHARA. With 4 Figures ........................... 433

Critical Current Density of Y -Ba-Cu-O Ceramics Prepared by the Coprecipitation Method and Their Application to Superconducting Devices T. IKEMACHI, M. TAKAI, T. IENAGA, T. YOKOO. Y. YOSHISATO. S. NAKANO. Y. KUWANO. With 6 Figures ............... 439

Magnetization and Critical Current of Yb,Ba2Cu307_x Samples Prepared by the Plasma-ARC Melting and Rapid Quenching Method Y. YOSHISATO. T. YOKOO. M. KAMINO. H. SUZUKI. S. NAKANO. Y. KAWANO. With 8 Figures .......................... 445

Critical Current Density Obtained from Particle Size Dependence of Magnetization in Y,Ba2CU,07_i> Powders E. SHIMIZU. D. ITO. With 8 Figures .................... 451

XVII

4.8 Irradiation Effect

In-Situ Ohservation of Buhhles in Superconductor YBa2Cul07-() Materials During He Ion Irradiation in an Electron Microscope S. FURUNO, K. HoJOu, H. MAETA, H. OTSU, M. WATANABE. With 4 Figures .................................. 459

Effects of Localisation in A tomic-Disordered High-Tc Superconductors S.A. DAVYDOV, B.N. GOSHCHITSKII, A.E. KARKIN, A.V. MIRMELSHTEIN, V.1. VORONIN, M.V. SADOVSKII, V.L. KOZHEVNIKOV, S.V. VERKHOVSKII, S.M. CHESHNITSKII. With 5 Figures ................................. 463

Electron Irradiation Effects on Y I Ba2Cu30y Superconductors M. WATANABE, T. KATO, H. NARAMOTO, H. MAETA, K. SHIRAISHI, Y. KAZUMATA, A. IWASE, T. IWATA. With 6 Figures ...... " 469

4.9 Thin Film Processing and Properties: Part 1

* The Preparation, Processing and Properties of Thin and Thick Films for Microelectronic Applications B.G. BAGLEY, L.H. GREENE, P. BARBOUX, 1.M. TARASCON, T. VENKATESAN, E.W. CHASE, SIU-WAI CHAN, W.L. FELDMANN, B.l. WILKINS, S.A. KHAN, M. GIROUD. With 9 Figures ....... 477

* Basic Thin Film Processing for Rare-Earth-Free High-Tc Superconductors K. WASA, H. ADACHI, Y. ICHIKAWA, K. HIROCHI, K. SETSUNE. With 3 Figures ................................. 483

High-Tc Superconductor Prepared hy Chemical Vapor Deposition K. SHINOHARA, F. MUNAKATA, M. YAMANAKA. With 5 Figures 489

CVD of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Thin Films T. KIMURA, M. IHARA, H. YAMAWAKI, K. IKEDA, M. OZEKI. With 5 Figures .................................. 495

MO-CVD of HTcS CI.M.A. SPEE, A. MACKOR, P.P.l. RAMAEKERS. With 7 Figures 499

High-Tc Superconducting Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O Thin Films Prepared by Metalorganic Deposition (MOD) K. SAKAI, Y. KAN, T. TAKESHITA. With 3 Figures ........ 505

Preparation of Superconducting YBa2CU30y Films by Thermal Decomposition Technique Using Organometallic Precursors Y. YAMADA, T. MATSUBARA, T. MORIMOTO. With 5 Figures 511

Preparation of 107K Superconducting Thin Film in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System hy Coevaporation T. YOSHITAKE, T. SATOH, Y. KUBO, H. IGARASHI. With 6 Figures

Superconducting Thin Films of YbBa2Cu307 and ErBa2Cu307 Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Determination of Epitaxial Conditions R. CABANEL, 1.P. HIRTZ, G. GARRY, F. HOSSEINI TEHERANI,

517

G. CREUZET. With 4 Figures ......................... 523

XVIlI

Ln-Ba-Cu-O Thin Film Deposited by Ion Beam Sputtering T. YOTSUYA, Y. SUZUKI, S. OGAWA, H. KUWAHARA, T. TAJIMA, K. OTANI, J. YAMAMOTO. With 4 Figures ............ 527

Preparation and Characterization of High Tc Superconductive Thin Film K. MAEDA, N. SAKAMOTO, Y. NAMIKI, Y. AOKI, T. SHIONO, H. YAMAMOTO, M. TANAKA. With 4 Figures .......... 533

Epitaxial Y-Ba-Cu-O Films on Si with Intermediate Layer by RF Magnetron Sputtering S. MIURA, H. TSUGE, T. YOSHITAKE, S. MATSUBARA, T. SATOH, Y. MIYASAKA, N. SHOHATA. With 6 Figures ............ 539

Preparation and Properties of the Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films M. MUROI, T. MATSUI, Y. KOINUMA, K. TSUDA, M. NAGANO, K. MUKAE. With 9 Figures ........................ 545

Properties of Superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Thin Films Prepared by Controlling Sputtering Conditions and Annealing Atmospheres K. OHBAYASHI, T. USHIDA, T. TSUNOOKA, K. OHYA, H. BANNO. With 3 Figures

High Tc Superconductor YBa2Cu307-x Thin Films Obtained by RF Magnetron Sputtering Yu.V. GULIAEV, I.M. KOTELIANSKII, V.B. KRAVCHENKO, V.A. LUZANOV, A.T. SOBOLEV. With 2 Figures ....... .

4.10 Thin Film Processing and Properties: Part 2

* Some Properties of High-Tc Oxide Superconducting Thin Films

551

557

S. YAZU. With 12 Figures ........................... 563

Microstructural Development in Ion Beam Deposited Superconducting YBa2Cu307-x and Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O Thin Films A.B. HARKER, 1.F. DENATALE, P.H. KOBRIN, I.S. GERGIS. With 5 Figures .................................. 571

Transport Properties of High Tc Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films Made by RF Magnetron Sputtering J.-c. CHANG, S. SE~, A. SAYAMA, M. MATSUI, K. YAMAMOTO, N. HARADA. With 12 Figures .................... 575

The Stress-Strain Relationship for Multilayers of the High Tc Superconducting Oxides H. HIDAKA, H. YAMAMURA. With 9 Figures

Effects of Heat Treatment on Crystalline Quality of Er-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films K. TAKAGI, T. ISHIBA, T. AIDA, T. FUKAZAWA, K. MIYAUCHI. With 5 Figures

Microstructures and Superconductivities of LnBa2Cu307-x Thin Films T. AIDA, T. FUKAZAWA, A. TSUKAMOTO, K. TAKAGI, T. SHIMOTSU,

581

587

T. ICHIGUCHI. With 8 Figures ........................ 593

Properties of High Jc BiSrCaCuO Thin Film H. ITOZAKI, K. HIGAKI, K. HARADA, S. TANAKA, N. FUJIMORI, S. YAZU. With 9 Figures ............................ 599

XIX

Characteristics of Rare-Earth-Free Superconducting Thin Films M. NEMOTO, H. KUWAHARA, K. KAWAGUCHI, Y. MATSUTA, M. NAKAO. With 6 Figures .................... 605

Preparation and Electrical Properties of 107K-BiSrCaCuO Superconducting Thin Films M. MUKAIDA, K. KURODA, Y. TAZOH, S. MIYAZAWA. With 7 Figures .................................. 609

Characteristics in the Growth of the YBa2Cu30x and YBaSrCu30x Crystalline Films M. YOSHIDA. With 7 Figures ......................... 615

Preparation and Characterization of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Thin Films by Ion Beam Sputtering K. YOSHIMURA, H. KUWAHARA, S. TANEMURA. With 5 Figures 621

Observations of Y-Ba-Cu-O Films by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Auger Electron Spectroscopy K. ISHIYAMA, Y. KAGEYAMA, Y. TAGA. With 3 Figures ........ 627

4.11 Chemical Reactions and Superconductor/Substrate Interaction

Comparison of the Stability of Bi2Sr2CaCu20s+y with YBa2Cu306. S+y in Various Solutions H.K. LIu, S.X. Dou, A.J. BOURDILLON, c.c. SORRELL. With 3 Figures .................................... 635

Formation of Crystallized Buffer Layer for High-Tc Superconducting Thin Film J. SHINOHARA, Y. IKEGAMI, T. KAWAMOTO. With 8 Figures 641

High Tc Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconducting Thick Films Fabrication and Film/Substrate Interactions Y.-H. Hu, c.L. BOOTH. With 4 Figures ................... 647

Substrate-HTcS Interaction Studies by (S)TEM P.P.J. RAMAEKERS, D. KLEPPER. With 1 Figure

Electrochemical Modification of Superconductive Oxides W.K. JONES. With 4 Figures ................. .

4.12 Devices and Applications

* Applications of Oxide-Superconductors to Electronic Devices; Optical Detector

651

657

H. IWASAKI. With 9 Figures ........................ 663

* The Possibility of Superconducting Transistor and Squid with High-Tc Oxide Superconductors U. KAWABE ...................................... 669

* Magnetic Properties of High Temperature Superconductors: Implications for lIf Noise in Squids R.H. KOCH, A.P. MALOZEMOFF .................. 675

* Liquid Nitrogen Temperature DC SQUID's Using Single-Target­Sputtered Films W.J. GALLAGHER, R.H. KOCH, R.L. SANDSTROM, R.B. LAIBOWITZ, A.W. KLEINSASSER, B. BUMBALE, M.F. CHISHOLM. With 7 Figures 679

xx

"Prospects for Electronic Applications of Rare-Earth-Free Superconducting Thin Films M. NAKAO. With 2 Figures ....................... 685

Current Limiting Function of Y -Ba-Cu-O Superconducting Ceramics H. OKUMA. M. OKAMOTO. K. OKUWADA. T. FUJIOKA. K. HIGASHIBATA. H. SUZUKI. With 8 Figures ............. 691

Fundamental Properties of a New Superconducting Motor A. TAKEOKA, A. ISHIKAWA, M. SUZUKI, Y. KISHI, Y. KUWANO. With 12 Figures ................................. 695

High-Tc Superconductor Lenses and Guides for Intense Charged Particle Beams H. MATSUZAWA, O. OHMORI. H. YAMAZAKI. J. UENO. A. FURUMIZU, A. SAITO, T. TAKAHASHI, T. AKITSU. With 6 Figures ............................. 701

Anisotropy and Hysteresis Behavior of Galvanomagnetic Effect in Super Magneto-Resistor H. NOJlMA, S. KATAOKA, M. NAGATA, S. TSUCHIMOTO. N. HASHIZUME. With 5 Figures ......................... 707

Some Magnetic Applications of High-Tc Superconductors: Foils. Ductile Materials, Filaments and Magnets J. GYORGY. J. MATRAI. I. KIRSHNER. G. SZENTGYORGYI. T. PORJESZ, M. LAMM, I. MOLNAR, R. LAIHO, Gy. KOVACS. T. TRAGER, P. LUKACS, T. KARMAN, I. P-GYORGY. M. TAKACS, G. ZSOLT. With 8 Figures ........................... 713

* The Potential Utilization of High Temperature Superconductivity G.O. ZIMMERMAN. With 10 Figures ................ 719

* Development of Superconducting Materials and Impacts on the Social Economy T. NAKAHARA. With 9 Figures ................. .

4.13 Tunneling and Tunneling Junction

Electron Tunneling into Superconducting Bismuth-Copper Oxide Systems

725

T. EKINO, J. AKIMITSU. With 5 Figures ............ 733

* Energy Gap Measurement Made on "Clean" and Oriented YBa2Cu307-b Surfaces J.-S. TSAI, I. TAKEUCHI. J. FUJITA, T. YOSHITAKE, T. SATO, S. TANAKA. T. TERASHIMA. Y. BANDO. K. IIJIMA. K. YAMAMOTO. With 8 Figures .................................. 737

AC-DC Conversion Effect in Ceramic Superconductor S. IKEGAWA. T. HONDA. H. IKEDA. A. MAEDA. H. TAKAGI. S. UCHIDA, K. UCHINOKURA, S. TANAKA. With 11 Figures 743

Structural Parameter Dependence of the Quantum Behavior of Small Superconductor Junctions M. SUGAHARA, N. YOSHIKAWA. With 4 Figures ....... .

An Observation of Quasi-Particle Tunneling Characteristics in All Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Film Tunnel Junction T. SHIOTA, K. TAKECHI, Y. TAKAI, H. HAYAKAWA. With 4 Figures ......... ................ .

749

755

XXI

4.14 Bi- and TI-Based Cuprate Superconductors

"TI-Based Cu-O High Temperature Superconductors A.M. HERMANN, Z.Z. SHENG. With 13 Figures

"Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationships of TI and Bi Containing Copper-Oxide Superconductors M.A. SUBRAMANIAN, 1. GOPALAKRISHNAN, e.e. TORARDI, 1.e. CALABRESE, K.l. MORRISSEY, 1. PARISE, P.L. GAl, A.W. SLEIGHT. With 4 Figures

Structural Study ofTI2Ba2Can-ICun04+2n (n=l, 2 and 3) by PowderX-Ray Diffraction Y. SHIMAKAWA, T. KUBO, T. MANAKO, Y. NAKABAYASHI,

763

773

H. IGARASHI. With 4 Figures ........................ 781

Crystal Structure of Sr-Ca-Cu-O: A Comparison Between That of Sr-Ca-Cu-O and of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O A. KUNISHIGE, H. YOSHIKAWA, T. ANNO, I. FUJII, H. DAIMON, S. YOSHII. With 8 Figures ......................... 787

"New TI-Ba-Ca-Cu-O (1234, 1245 and 2234) Superconductors with Very High Tc H. IHARA, R. SUGISE, T. SHIMOMURA, M. HIRABAY ASHI, N. TERADA, M. 10, K. HAYASHI, M. TOKUMOTO, K. MURATA, S. OHASHI. With 15 Figures ........................... 793

*The Formation of High-Tc Superconducting Phases with Four Cu-O Layers in TI-Ca-Ba-Cu-O Systems P.T. Wu, R.S. Lru, 1.M. LIANG, L.l. CHEN. With 4 Figures ...... 799

Superconductivity of TI-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System in Relation to TI-Ba-Ca-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Systems S. MATSUDA, S. TAKEUCHI, A. SOETA, T. SUZUKI, K.AIHARA, T. KAMO. With 6 Figures ......................... 803

Effect of Starting Materials and Heat Treatments on Tl- Based High-Tc Superconductors I. KIRSCHNER, I. HALASZ, Gy. KOVACS, T. TRAGER, T. PORJESZ, G. ZSOLT, 1. MATRAI, T. KARMAN. With 3 Figures .......... 807

Processing, Characterisation and Properties of the Superconducting TI-Ba-Ca-Cu-O System S.X. Dou, H.K. LIu, A.l. BOURDILLON, N.X. TAN, N. SAVVIDES, e. ANDRIKIDIS, R.B. ROBERTS, e.e. SORRELL. With 5 Figures .... 813

Substitution Effect of Y for Ca in TI-Ba-Ca-Cu-O System T. MANAKO, Y. SHIMAKAWA, Y. KUBO, T. SATOH, H. IGARASHI. With 5 Figures .................................. 819

4.15 110K Phase ofBi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Fabrication and Microstructure

* Preparation and Properties of Pb-Doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors H. MAEDA, H. KUMAKURA, T. ASANO, H. SEKINE, D.R. DIETDERICH, S. IKEDA, K. TOGANO, Y. TANAKA. With 7 Figures ................................ 827

Formation of the High Tc Phase of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors S. KOYAMA, U. ENDO, T. KAWAI. With 5 Figures ............. 833

XXII

Synthetic Conditions and Structural Properties of the High-Tc Phase in the Superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-(Pb )-0 System M. MIZUNO, H. ENDO, J. TSUCHIYA, N. KI1IMA, A. SUMIYAMA, Y. OGURl. With 10 Figures ........................... .

Pb Substituted Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductor Y. YAMADA, S. MURASE, M. KOIZUMI, M. TANAKA, O. ITO, S. TAKENO, I. SUZUKI, S. NAKAMURA. With 10 Figures .....

Microstructure and Superconducting Properties of BiSrCaCuO Compound A. HAYASHI, M. MURAKAMI, M. MORITA, H. TESHIMA, K. 001, K. SAWANO, M. SUGIYAMA, H. HAMADA, S. MATSUDA. With 9 Figures ................................. .

Effect of Ambient Gas on Preparing Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductor A. FUKIZAWA, Y. SAKURAI, A. OHTOMO. With 7 Figures ..... .

Crystalline Structures and Superconducting Properties of Rapidly Quenched BiSrCaCu20x Ceramics T. KANAI, T. KUMAGAI, A. SOETA, T. SUZUKI, K. AIHARA, T. KAMO, S. MATSUDA. With 7 Figures ........ .

Properties of Pb-Stabilized Bi-Oxide Superconductors N. MURAYAMA, E. SUDO, Y. TOR". With 11 Figures

Preparation of High-Tc Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and TI-Ba-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors T. USUI, N. SADAKATA, Y. IKENO, O. KOHNO, H. OSANAI.

839

845

851

857

863

867

With 4 Figures ................................ 873

Effects of Additional Elements (M = In, AI, Ga) on Superconductivity of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System K. SHIBUTANI, T. MIYATAKE, R. OGAWA. With 4 Figures ...... 879

Optimization of Sintering and Metallurgical Studies on the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors K. NUMATA, K. MORI, H. YAMAMOTO, H. SEKINE, K. INOUE, H. MAEDA. With 9 Figures ............................ 885

Structural Investigation of High Tc Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O M. MATSUI, H. ITOH, J. LIu, T. SHIMIZU, H. MATSUOKA, K. OHMORI, M. DOYAMA. With 9 Figures .......... .

Microstructure and Critical Current Property in Pb-Doped BiSrCaCuO Bulk Superconductors T. ASANO, Y. TANAKA, M. FUKUTOMI, K. JIKIHARA, J. MACHIDA,

891

H. MAEDA. With 5 Figures ............................ 897

5 Research Policy and Technology Trends

* Policy and Technology Trends: The Organisation of High Tc Superconductor Research in the UK M. WOOD ............................... . 905

xxm

Closing Remarks

* Summary S. NAKAJIMA 911

Author Index 913

Subject Index 917

* invited paper