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K L University
Department of BIO - TECHNOLOGY
Pre-Ph.D. Syllabus & Model Paper for VI Batch (admitted in 2013-14)
BIOANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
Unit I: Spectroscopy Techniques
Buffers; Methods of cell disintegration; Enzyme assays and controls; Detergents and membrane
proteins; Dialysis, Ultrafiltration and other membrane techniques UV, Visible and Raman
Spectroscopy; Theory and application of Circular Dichroism; Fluorescence; MS, NMR, PMR,
ESR and Plasma Emission spectroscopy
Unit II: Chromatography Techniques
TLC and Paper chromatography; Chromatographic methods for macromolecule separation - Gel
permeation, Ion exchange, Hydrophobic, Reverse-phase and Affinity chromatography; HPLC
and FPLC; Criteria of protein purity
Unit-III: Electrophoretic techniques
Theory and application of Polyacrylamide and Agarose gel electrophoresis; Capillary
electrophoresis; 2D Electrophoresis; Disc gel electrophoresis; Gradient electrophoresis; Pulsed
field gel electrophoresis
Unit IV : Centrifugation
Basic principles; Mathematics & theory (RCF, Sedimentation coefficient etc); Types of
centrifuge - Micro centrifuge, High speed & Ultracentrifuges; Preparative centrifugation;
Differential & density gradient centrifugation; Applications (Isolation of cell components);
Analytical centrifugation; Determination of molecular weight by sedimentation velocity &
sedimentation equilibrium methods
Unit V: Advanced Techniques
Protein crystallization; Theory and methods; API-electrospray and MALDI-TOF; Mass
spectrometry; Enzyme and cell immobilization techniques; DNA & Peptide Synthesis and
sequencing.
Texts:
1. Freifelder D., Physical Biochemistry, Application to Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology, 2nd Edition, W.H.
2. Freeman & Company, San Fransisco, 1982.
3. Keith Wilson and John Walker, Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry, 5th
Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
References
1. D. Holme & H. Peck, Analytical Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, Longman, 1998.
2. R. Scopes, Protein Purification - Principles & Practices, 3rd Edition, Springer Verlag
1994.
GENETIC ENGINEERING
UNIT I:
Eukaryotic chromosome Structure, DNA Structure, Genes arrangement, Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic replication and repair. Repetitive DNA. CpG islands. Different classes of RNA and
their functions. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription and post transcriptional modifications.
UNIT II:
Protein synthesis and translational control. Control of gene expression in prokaryotes.
Transcriptional control in Eukaryotes. Transposable elements and TY elements. Molecular
mechanism of antisense molecules, Biochemistry of ribozyrne; Applications of antisense and
ribozyme technologies.
UNIT III: Nucleic Acid Purification, Yield Analysis. Nucleic Acid Amplification and Its Applications.
Nucleic Acid Sequencing. Restriction enzymes, ligases, s1 nuclease, terminal deoxynucleotides,
transferases, Poly A polymerases, Reverse Transcriptase, Alkaline phosphatase. DNA and RNA
markers. Restriction Mapping of DNA Fragments and Map Construction.
UNIT IV:
Gene Cloning Vectors: Plasmids, phagemids, cosmids, Artificial chromosomes. cDNA Synthesis
and cDNA library preparations. Cloning mRNA enrichment, reverse transcription, DNA primers,
Linkers, adaptors, Library construction and screening. Genomic libraries (complete sequencing
projects). Alternative Strategies of Gene Cloning, Cloning interacting genes- Two-and three
hybrid systems, cloning differentially expressed genes. Site-directed Mutagenesis and Protein
Engineering.
UNIT V:
DNA transfection, Southern and Northern blot, Primer extension, S1 mapping, RNase protection
assay, Reporter assays. Nucleic acid microarrays. Vector engineering and codon optimization,
host engineering. In-vitro transcription and translation, Expression Strategies for Heterologous
Genes in Bacteria, Yeast and mammalian cells. Processing of Recombinant Proteins, Purification
and refolding. Phage Display, Transgenic and Gene Knockout Technologies, Targeted gene
replacement, Chromosome engineering. Gene Therapy Vector engineering. Strategies of gene
delivery, gene replacement/augmentation, gene correction, gene editing, gene regulation and
silencing.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. “Molecular Biology of the gene” by Waston et al 4th ed.
2. “Genes VI” by Benjamin Lewis.
3. Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, J. Sambrook, E.F. Fritsch and T. Maniatis, Cold
Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 2000.
4. DNA Cloning: a Practical Approach, .M. Glover and B.D. Hames, IRL Press, Oxford, 1995.
REFERENCES: 1. DNA Science. A First Course in Recombinant Technology, D,A. Mickloss and G.A. Froyer.
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New YorK, 1990.
2. Molecular Biotechnology (2nd Edn.), S.B. Primrose. Blackwell Scientific Publishers, Oxford,
1994.
MOLECULAR MODELING AND DRUG DESIGN
UNIT – I: Introduction to Molecular Modeling 9 Hrs
History of molecular modeling, physical and computer models, different representations of
computer models, Generation of 3D coordinates–using x-ray crystallographic databases,
compilation of fragment libraries with standard geometrics, drawing of 2D structures using
sketch.
UNIT – II: Basic concepts of Protein Modeling 9 Hrs
Concepts of Force Fields, Quantum and Molecular mechanical force fields, Generation of
potential energy surfaces, Geometry Optimization, Energy-Minimizing Procedure, and Use of
Charges. Salvation Effects, Methods, Ab initio Methods, Semi-empirical Molecular Orbital
Methods, Conformational Analysis
UNIT– III: Protein Structure predictions 8 Hrs
Basic principles of secondary structure prediction methods, Algorithms of Chou Fasman, GOR,
PHD, PSI-PRED, Stereo-chemical method of Lim and Neural network method, concepts in
measuring the accuracy of predictions.
UNIT – IV: Protein structure elucidation 10 Hrs
Steps involved in Homology Modeling. Fold Recognition and ab-initio methods,
Derivation and significance of Ramachandran Plot, Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD),
Energy Plot based on Potential of mean force, Packaging Quality, Helical Wheel,
Hydrophobicity profiles, Amphiphilicity detection, Transmembrane prediction methods.
Concepts in 3D structure comparison, purpose of structure comparison, Algorithms for structure
comparison (FSSP, VAST & DALI), Structure-function relation, Function inference from
structure.
UNIT – V: Molecular modeling applications in drug designing 9 Hrs
Identifying Putative Drug Targets and Potential Drug Leads: Starting Points for Virtual
Screening and Docking Receptor Flexibility for Large-Scale Insilico Ligand Screens: Chances
and Challenges, Molecular Docking
Recommended textbooks:
1. Molecular modeling basic principles and applications-Hans-Dieter Holtje and Folkers, Wiley
2003.
2. Molecular modeling of Proteins-edited by Andreas Kukol, Humana Press, Apr 2008
3. Introduction to Protein Architecture, Arthur M. Lesk,, Oxford University Press, 2001
Reference books:
1. Molecular Modeling Principles and Applications- AR Leach, Longman, 1996.
2. Structural Bioinformatics, Edited by Philip E. Bourne and Helge Weissig, Wiley-Liss, 2003.
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY AND NANOMEDICINE
1. Nanobiotechnology: Nanomaterial in biotechnology -nanoparticles, quantum dots,
nanotubes and nanowires etc. Development of nanobiotechnology – timelines and
progress, overview.
2. Synthesis, characterization, and properties of smart nanomaterials, Nanocarriers
(e.g. liposomes, polymer capsules, polymer nanoparticles, porous materials, nanogels,
dendrimers, micro emulsions, inorganic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, lipoproteins,
solid lipid nanoparticles) for drug delivery applications. Biological nanoparticles
production - plants and microbial.
3. Properties and Characterizations: Optical (UV-Vis/Fluorescence) –X-ray diffraction –
Imaging and size (Electron microscopy, light scattering, Zeta potential)- Surface and
composition (ECSA (Electro chemical surface area), EDAX, AFM/STM etc) –
Vibrational (FT-IR and RAMAN), SERS (Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy),
Magnetic, Electrical and Electrochemical.
4. Biosensors: different classes-molecular recognition elements, transducing elements.
Applications of molecular recognition elements in nano sensing of different analytes.
Application of various transducing elements as part of nanobiosensors. Miniaturized
devices in nano biotechnology - types and applications, Bio MEMS, lab on a chip
concept.
5. Nano biotechnological applications in health and disease - infectious and chronic. Nano
biotechnological applications in Environment and food - detection and mitigation.
6. Nanomedicine: Introduction to nanomedicine- Overview of nanotechnology from
medical perceptive, different types of nano biomaterials and their biomedical
applications, and cell nanostructure interactions.
7. Nanonephrology, Nanoneurology and molecular imaging, Drug delivery (modes and
example applications), Nanomedicine and cancer (diagnostic and imaging), Regenerative
medicine, including tissue engineering, cell and gene therapy, DNA-based
nanostructures, Cellular nanomachines.
8. Nanomaterials and Toxicity Evaluation: Cyto-toxicity, Geno-toxicity In vivo tests/assays
etc. Assessing nanotoxicity at the single cell level, encoding information into
nanomedical systems. Other emerging ethical issues in Nanobiotechnology and
Nanomedicine.
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Scope – This course helps in an in-depth understanding of basic and advanced techniques in
Plant biotechnology
Unit-1
An Overview of Plant Biotechnology: Totipotency, Media, types of media used, media
composition, nutritional variations, cell nutrition, cytodifferentiation, invitro growth parameters,
contamination and recalcitrance, invitro cultivation methods, molecular farming
Unit – 2
Organogenesis, Caulogenesis and Rhizogenesis: Descriptive understanding of invitro grown
plantlets showing disease- resistant, herbicide tolerant and induction of environment sustainance.
Direct and indirect methods of regeneration Suspension cultures, Somaclonal and gametoclonal
variations and Genetic stability.
Unit - 3
Secondary Metabolite production & Germplasm conservation : Plant secondary metabolites,
commercial production using appropriate media supplements viz., elicitors, growth factors, stress
factors, defense proteins, precursors and anti-metabolites. Cryo preservation exsitu and insitu
methods, freezing, thawing and drying and cryoprotectors.
Unit – 4
Genetic Transformation & Molecular breeding : Protoplast isolation, culture and fusion
technique, protoplast induced transformation, Target cells for transformation, methods of gene
transfer, selectable marker genes, reporter genes, screenable genes, Agrobacterium mediated
transformation, histo chemical assay,transgenic plants, Plant DNA finger printing, RAPD, RFLP,
PCR studies in plants with a focus on molecular assisted selection.
Unit – 5
Plant Bioinformatics : New approaches to scientific research with computers, Information and
communication technologies (ICT model systems), genomics (functional and structural),
proteomics, molecular bioinformatics, chemi informatics and their applications in Plant
improvement.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Plant Cell, Tissue, and Organ culture” by J Reinert and Y P S Bajaj.
2. Plant Tissue Culture Theory and Applications Bhojwani SS and Razdan ,Elsevier
Publication.
3. Introduction to Plant Biotechnology by H.S Chawla Second edition. Oxford & IBH
Publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Plant Biotechnology New Products and Applications. Hammond PM and Yusibov V .
Springer International Edition.
2. Plant Tissue Culture” Thorpe, T.A. (Ed.).
3. Handbook of Plant Cell Culture” Eds. Sharp et al.
4. Plant Biotechnology” Eds. Mantell & Smith.
BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING
UNIT–I: Introduction to Bioprocess
An of overview of traditional and modern applications biotechnology industry, outline of an
integrated bioprocess (upstream and downstream) with process flow sheet,steps in development
of a complete bioprocess for commercial manufacture of recombinant-DNA derived product.
UNIT– II: Dimensions and system units
Basic Biochemical Calculations: atomic, molecular and equivalent weights.
Molarity,Molality,Normality and partial pressures,laws of chemical combination, Definition
ofstochiometry, Composition of mixtures and solutions, weight fractions,
volumetriccomposition, Density and Specific gravity.
UNIT –III: Fermenation and Enzyme Processes
Aerobic and Anaerobic fermentation processes and their application in the biotechnology
industry behavior of microbes in different reactors (air lift, batch,continuous ,fed batch
condition). Production of enzymes in submerged and solidstate processes, extraction and
purification of enzymes, methods of characterization,specific activity and activity definitions.
UNIT–IV: Metabolic Stoichiometry and Energetics
Stoichiometry of cell growh and product formation; Elemental balances; degree of reduction of
substrate and biomass.available electron balance; yield coefficients of biomass and product
formation, maintenance coefficients, Energetic analysis of microbial growth and product
formation; thermodynamic efficiency of growth
UNIT – V: Kinetics of microbial growth and Product formation
Phases of cell growth in batch cultures, Simple unstructured kinetic models formicrobial growth,
Monod model, Growth of filamentous organisms. Growthassociated (primary) and non-growth
associated (secondary) product formation Kinetics. Leudeking-Piret models.
Textbook:
1. D.G.Rao, Introduction to Biochemical Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 2005.
2. Pauline and Doran , Bio Process Engineering Principles , Elsevier
Reference Book:
1. Bailey Ollis, Biochemical Engineering fundamentals, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill, 1986.
2. M.L.Shuler and F. kargi Bioprocess engineering, Prentice Hall of India 1992
K L University
Department of MATHEMATICS
Pre-Ph.D. Syllabus & Model Paper for VI Batch (admitted in 2013-14)
NUMERICAL METHODS
SYLLABUS
UNIT-I
Numerical Differentiation and Integration
Introduction, Numerical Differentiation, Numerical Integration, Euler-Maclaurin Formula,
Adaptive Quadrature Methods, Gaussian Integration, Singular Integrals, Fourier Integrals,
Numerical Double Integration
UNIT-II
Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations
Introduction, Solution by Taylor’s Picard’s Method, Euler’s Method, Runge-Kutta Methods,
Predictor-Corrector Methods, the Cubic Spline Method, Simultaneous and Higher Order
Equations, Boundary Value Problems: Finite-Difference Method, The Shooting Method,
UNIT-III
Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations
Introduction, Finite-Difference Approximations, Laplace’s Equation: Jacobi’s Method,
Gauss-Seidel Method, SOR Method, ADI Method, Parabolic Equations, Iterative Methods,
Hyperbolic Equations.
UNIT-IV
System of Linear Algebraic Equations
Introduction, Solution of Centro-symmetric Equations, Direct Methods, LU- Decomposition
Methods, Iterative Methods, III-conditioned Linear Systems.
UNIT-V
The Finite Element Method: Functionals- Base Function Methods of Approximation- The
Rayleigh –Ritz Method –The Galerkin Method, Application to two dimensional problems- Finite
element Method for one and two dimensional problems.
Reference Books:
1. Niyogi, Pradip, “Numerical Analysis and Algorithms”, Tata McGraw –Hill
2. Balagurusamy,E., “Numerical Methods”, Tata McGraw –Hill
3. Sastry, S.S., “Introduction Methods of Numerical Analysis”, PHI
4. Chapra, S.C. and Canale, R.P., “Numerical Methods for Engineers”, Tata McGraw
–Hill
TOPOLOGY
SYLLABUS
Unit –I Topological Spaces and Continuous Functions
Topological spaces, basis for a topology, the order topology, the product topology on X x Y, the
sub space topology, closed sets and limit points, continuous functions, the product topology, the
metric topology.
Unit –II Connectedness and compactness
Connected spaces, connected subspaces of the real line, compact spaces, compact subspaces of
the real line, limit point compactness.
Unit –III Countability and separation axioms
The countability axioms, the separation axioms, normal spaces, the urysohn lemma, the urysohn
metrization theorem.
Unit –IV The Tychnoff Theorem
The Tychnoff Theorem, Completely Regular Spaces, The Stone –Cech Compactification.
Unit –V Complete metric spaces and function spacess
Complete metric spaces, compactness in metric spaces, pointwise and compact convergence,
ascoli’s theorem.
Note: 1. 8 Questions to be set out of which 5 Questions to be answered.
2. Questions should be uniformly distributed from all the units.
Prescribed text Book:
1. Topology by James Dugundji; Universal Book Stall, New Delhi.
2. Introduction to Topology by G.F.Simmons; Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.
Reference Text Book:
1. Topology by James R.Munkres; Prentice-Hall, Second edition.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
SYLLABUS
Unit-1 Linear Metric Spaces
Vector Spaces, Linear Metric Spaces, Normed Linear Spaces.
Unit-2 Basic Theorems On Normed Linear Spaces
Bounded Linear Transformations, Hahn-Banach Theorem, Open Mapping Theorem, Banach –
Steinhaus Theorem.
Unit-3 Hilbert Spaces
Inner Product Spaces, Orthonormal Sets, Riesz Representation Theorem, Bounded Linear
Operations On Hilbert Spaces.
Unit-4 Fixed Point Theory
The Contraction Mapping Theorem And Its Applications, Brouwer’s Fixed Point Theorem And
Its Applications, Schauder’s Fixed Point Theorem And Some Related Results.
Unit-5 Partial Metric Spaces
Definitions Some Examples, Banach Fixed Point Theorem, Contraction Theorem For Four
Maps And Corollaries Of This Theorem, Suziki Type Fixed Point Theorem For Single Valued
Maps, W- Comparability, A Unique Common Coupled Fixed Point Theorem For Four Maps.
Prescribed Text Book:
Functional Analysis With Applications By B.Choudhary And Sudarsan Nanda; Wiley Eastern
Limited.
NUMBER THEORY
SYLLABUS
Unit 1: Divisibility
Early Number Theory, The Division Algorithm, The Greatest Common Divisor, The
Euclidean Algorithm.
Unit II: Congruences
Basic Properties of Congruence, Binary and Decimal Representations of Integers, Linear
Congruences and the Chinese Remainder Theorem.
Unit III: Fermat’s Theorem
Fermat's Little Theorem and Pseudoprimes, Wilson's Theorem.
UNIT IV: Euler's Generalization of Fermat's Theorem
Euler's Phi-Function, Euler's Theorem, Some Properties of the Phi-Function
Unit V: Quadratic Reciprocity Law
Euler's Criterion, The Legendre Symbol and Its Properties, Quadratic Reciprocity, Quadratic
Congruences with Composite Moduli.
Text Book: David M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory, Sixth Edition, McGrawHill.
CRYPTOGRAPHY
SYLLABUS
Unit I: Introduction
Encryption schemes, symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems, cryptanalysis, alphabets and
words, permutations, block ciphers and stream ciphers.
Unit II: Perfect Secrecy
Perfect Secrecy, Birthday Paradox, Vernam One Time Pad, Random Numbers, Pseudorandom
Numbers.
UNIT III: Public Key Cryptography
Principle of Public Key Cryptography, RSA Cryptosystem, Cryptanalysis of RSA, Diffie-
Hellman (DH) Key Exchange Protocol, Discrete Logarithm Problem (DLP), ElGamal
Cryptosystem.
UNIT IV: Cryptographic Hash Functions
Hash and Compression Functions, Security of Hash Functions, SHA-1, Others Hash Functions,
Message Authentication Codes.
Unit V: Digital Signatures
Security Requirements for Signature Schemes, RSA Signature, ElGamal Signature, Digital
Signature Algorithm (DSA), Undeniable Signature, Blind Signature.
Text Book: J. Buchmann, Introduction to Cryptography, Springer (India) 2004
FLUID MECHANICS
SYLLABUS
Unit-1: Basics in Fluid Mechanics:
The continuum hypothesis-Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids-Continuity equation- Navier-
Stokes equations of motion –Energy equation, steady and unsteady flows.
Unit-2: Navier-Stokes equations:
Parallel flow through a straight channel and Couette flow-The Hagen-Poiseuille flow-The
suddenly accelerated plane wall-Stokes first problem. The flow near an oscillating flat plate-
Stokes second problem- Flow near a rotating disk. Parallel flow past a sphere.
Unit-3: Boundary Layer Theory:
Derivation of Boundary Layer equations for two dimensional flow-The separation of a Boundary
Layer, Skin friction-The Boundary Layer on a flat plate.
Unit-4: Thermal Boundary Layers in Laminar flow:
Exact solution for the problem of temperature distribution in a viscous flow: (i)couette fiow,
(ii)Poiseuille flow through a channel with flat walls. Forced and natural flows-Thermal
Boundary Layer in forced flow-Parallel flow past a flat plate at zero incidence. Thermal
Boundary Layers in natural flow (free convection).
Text Books:
1) Boundary Layer Theory- Dr.Herman Schlicting, Mc.GrawHill Book Company
2) Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines-S.K Som & G. Biswas
Reference Books:
1) Textbook of fluid dynamics- F. Chorlton, Van Nostrand, 1963
K L University
Department of CIVIL ENGINEERING
Pre-Ph.D. Syllabus & Model Paper for VI Batch (admitted in 2013-14)
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
UNIT I
CEMENTS & ADMIXTURES: Portland cement – chemical composition – Hydration, Setting
of cement – Structure of hydrate cement – Test on physical properties – Different grades of
cement – Admixtures – Mineral and chemical admixtures.
AGGREGATES: Classification of aggregate – Particle shape & texture – Bond, strength &
other mechanical properties of aggregate – Specific gravity, Bulk density, porosity, adsorption &
moisture content of aggregate – Bulking of sand – Deleterious substance in aggregate –
Soundness of aggregate – Alkali aggregate reaction – Thermal properties – Sieve analysis –
Fineness modulus – Grading curves – Grading of fine & coarse Aggregates – Gap graded
aggregate – Maximum aggregate size.
UNIT – II
FRESH CONCRETE: Workability – Factors affecting workability – Measurement of
workability by different tests – Setting times of concrete – Effect of time and temperature on
workability – Segregation & bleeding – Mixing and vibration of concrete – Steps in manufacture
of concrete – Quality of mixing water.
UNIT – III
HARDENED CONCRETE : Water / Cement ratio – Abram’s Law – Gelspaoe ratio – Nature
of strength of concrete –Maturity concept – Strength in tension & compression – Factors
affecting strength – Relation between compression & tensile strength - Curing.
TESTING OF HARDENED CONCRETE: Compression tests – Tension tests – Factors
affecting strength – Flexure tests – Splitting tests – Non-destructive testing methods – codal
provisions for NDT.
UNIT – IV
ELASTICITY, CREEP & SHRINKAGE – Modulus of elasticity – Dynamic modulus of
elasticity –Posisson’s ratio – Creep of concrete – Factors influencing creep – Relation between
creep & time – Nature of creep – Effects of creep – Shrinkage – types of shrinkage.
UNIT – V
MIX DESIGN : Factors in the choice of mix proportions – Durability of concrete – Quality
Control of concrete – Statistical methods – Acceptance criteria – Proportioning of concrete
mixes by various methods – BIS method of mix design.
SPECIAL CONCRETES: Light weight aggregates – Light weight aggregate concrete –
Cellular concrete – No-fines concrete – High density concrete – Fibre reinforced concrete –
Different types of fibres – Factors affecting properties of F.R.C – Applications – Polymer
concrete – Types of Polymer concrete – Properties of polymer concrete – Applications – High
performance concrete – Self consolidating concrete – SIFCON.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Properties of Concrete by A.M.Neville – Low priced Edition – 4th edition
2. Concrete Technology by M.S.Shetty. – S.Chand & Co. ; 2004
REFERENCES:
1. Concrete Technology by M.L. Gambhir. – Tata Mc. Graw Hill Publishers, New Delhi
2. Concrete Technology by A.R. Santha Kumar, Oxford university Press, New Delhi
ADVANCED CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
UNIT I
Materials- Cement, Aggregates, mixing water soundness of aggregate- Fresh and
hardened concrete: Admixtures- types of admixtures- purposes of using admixtures-
chemical composition- effect of admixtures on fresh and hardened concretes- Natural
admixtures.
UNIT II
Non destructive evaluation: Importance- Concrete behavior under corrosion,
disintegrated mechanisms- moisture effects and thermal effects – Visual investigation-
Acoustical emission methods- Corrosion activity measurement- chloride content – Depth
of carbonation- Impact echo methods- Ultrasound pulse velocity methods- Pull out tests.
UNIT III
Fibre reinforced concrete- Properties of constituent materials- Mix proportions, mixing
and casting methods-Mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete- applications of
fibre reinforced concretes.
Light weight concrete- Introduction- properties of light weight concrete- No fines
concrete- design of light weight concrete.
UNIT IV
Flyash concrete- Introduction- classification of flyash- properties and reaction
mechanism of flyash- Properties of flyash concrete in fresh state and hardened state-
Durability of flyash concretes.
UNIT V
High performance concretes- Introduction- Development of high performance concretes-
Materials of high performance concretes- Properties of high performance concretes.
Text Books:
1. Concrete technology- Neville & Brooks
2. Special Structural concrete- Rafat Siddique
3. Concrete repair and maintenance illustrated- Peter H Emmons
4. Concrete technology-M S Shetty
STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
UNIT-I
Equation of Motions, Problem Statement, Solution Methods of Single Degree of Freedom
Systems (SDOF)
Basic concepts of structural dynamics; single degree of freedom system, force displacement
relationship, damping force, equation of motion, mass-spring-damper system, methods of
solution of differential equation.
UNIT-II
Free Vibration (SDOF):
Undamped free vibration, viscously damped free vibration, energy in free vibration.
Response to Harmonic and Periodic Excitations (SDOF)
Harmonic vibration of undamped systems, Harmonic vibration with viscous damping, response
to vibration generator, natural frequency and damping from harmonic test, force transmission
and vibration isolation, vibration measuring instruments, energy dissipated in viscous damping.
Response to periodic force.
UNIT-III
Response to Arbitrary, Step And Pulse Excitations (SDOF)
Response to unit impuse, response to arbitrary force, step force, ramp force, response to pulse
excitations, solution methods, effects of viscous damping.Numerical Evaluation of Dynamic
Response (SDOF)Time stepping methods, methods based on interpolation of excitation, central
difference method, newmark’s method, stability and computational error, analysis of nonlinear
response by newmark’s method.Earthquake Response to Linear Systems (SDOF)Earthquake
excitation, equation of motion, response quantities, response history, response spectrum concept,
deformation, pseudo-velocity and pseudo acceleration response spectra, peak structural response
from the response spectrum, response spectrum characteristics, elastic design spectrum,
comparison and distinction between design and response spectra.
UNIT-IV
Generalised Single Degree of Freedom Systems
Generalised SDOF systems, rigid body assemblages, systems with distributed mass and
elasticity, lumped mass system-shear building, natural vibration frequency by Rayleigh’s
method.Multi -degree of freedom systems (MDOF)
Equation of motions: simple system-two storey shear building, general approach for linear
systems, static condensation, symmetric plan systems: ground motion. Multiple support
excitation, methods of solving the equation of motions.
UNIT-V
Free Vibration (MDOF)
Natural frequencies and modes: systems without damping, modal and spectral matrices,
orthogonality of modes, normalization of modes. Solution of undamped free vibration systems,
solution methods for eigenvalue problem.
Text Books:
1. Dynamics of structures by Anil K Chopra; Prentice-Hall of India Limited, New Delhi.3rd
edition 2006.
2. Dynamics of Structures by R.W. Clough and P.E. Penzien, McGraw-Hill. 1st edition 1975
Reference Books:
1. Structural Dynamics for Structural Engineers by G. C. Hart & K. Wang; John Wiley & Sons.
1st edition 1991
2. Structural Dynamics by Mario Paz, CBS Publishers.1st edition 1991.
WATER QUALITY AND ENVIRONMENT
UNIT-I
Introduction: The composition and characteristics of natural waters. Effect of Temperature, Equilibria in water
systems. Water Quality Characteristics : Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics of
Water. Standard methods of determination of important physical and chemical parameters of
water quality, eg. PH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total Solids, alkalinity, hardness etc.,
Units of measurements and expression of results, Bacteriological Indicators, and determination
of Coliforms
UNIT-II
Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis: Concepts of Instrumental/ Analysis on Selective Electordes, Atomic Absorption
spectrophotometric methods, potentiometry including electrodes, Gas chromatography. 2 o
Concepts in Organic and Biochemical Methods: Biochemical cycles of C, N, P and S, Trace
Organics, Detergents, Pesticides, Fertilisers , etc. Water Quality Representation and
Standards: Water Quality Criteria, Guidelines, and Standards for Various uses.
UNIT-III
Water Pollution Natural factors affecting water quality and pollution from various wastes , mechanisms of
surface water pollution, point and Non-point sources , Effect of Geological formations on Water
quality.
UNIT-IV Water Quality in Receiving Water Bodies: Lakes and Impoundments , Stratification and
Eutrophication , Water Quality in Rivers , self purification and Reaeration , Dissolved Oxygen
Balance in Rivers , Thermal Pollutions.
UNIT-V Ground Water Quality: Sources and Mechanisms of Groundwater Pollution. Groundwater
Pollution from Lnadfills and Waste Dumps. Case Studies: Case Studies on Environmental
Impact of Dam and Irrigation Schemes ,
and Land Reclamation Projects.
TEXT BOOKS: Metcalf And Edduy, Inc.; Waste Water Engineering, Treatment, Disposal, Reuse, Tata McGraw
Hill.
Masters G.M.; Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science, Pretice hall of India,
1994.
Garg, S.K.” Water Supply Engineering”, Vol.1, Khanna Publishers,New Delhi,2003.
PRINCIPLES OF GIS, GPS AND REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
UNIT-I
Basic concepts of GIS & GPS, introduction to remote sensing, remote sensing system,
electromagnetic spectrum, black body, atmospheric windows, spectral characteristics of earth’s
surface, range of sensing system.
GPS: Basic concepts, components, factors affecting, GPS setup, accessories, segments- satellites
& receivers, GPS applications, Case studies
UNIT-II
Platforms, Sensors and Data Products: Ground aircraft, Spacecraft platforms, photographic sensors, scanners, radiometers, radar and
mission planning, data types and format, scale and legend.
Interpretation and Analysis Techniques: Multispectral, multitemporal, multisensoral, multistage concepts, photo interpretation techniques
for aerial photo and satellite imagery, interpretation elements, false colour composition, etc.
UNIT-III
Photogrammetry: Photogrammetry- Basic application, applications of aerial photo
interpretation to water resources engineering.
Digital Analysis: Preprocessing and processing, image restoration/enhancement procedures,
pattern recognition concepts, classification algorithms, post processing procedures.
UNIT-IV
Structure of GIS: Cartography, Geographic mapping process, transformations, map projections, Geographic Data
Representation, Storage, Quality and Standards, database management systems, Raster data
representation, Vector data representation, Assessment of data quality, Managing data errors,
Geographic data standards.
GIS Data Processing, Analysis and Modeling: Raster based GIS data processing – Vector based
GIS data processing – Queries – Spatial analysis – Descriptive statistics – Spatial autocorrelation
– Quadrant counts, and nearest neighbour analysis – Network analysis – Surface modeling –
DTM.
UNIT-V
Application in Civil Engineering: River drainage and flood flow, watershed delineation and characteristic studies, command area
mapping, drought assessment, groundwater inventory, soil moisture study, water quality
assessment and monitoring, Land use data acquisition, disaster management.
TEXT BOOKS: 1. Thomas, M. Lillisandand R.W.Kiefer; Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley,
1987.
2. Sabins and Floyd, F.J.R; Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation, W.H. Freeman,
Sanfrancisco, 1978.
3. C. Elachi; Introduction to Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing, New York Wiley,
1987.
4. Phillip, H. Swain and Shirley, M. Davis; Remote Sensing- The Quantitative Approach,
McGraw Hill Publications , 1978.
5. Johnson, R. Jenson; Introductory Digital Image Processing, Prentice hall , 1986.
6. Ian Heywood, S. Cornelius and S. Carver, An Introduction to Geographical Information
Systems, Pub. By Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd., Printed in Replica Press Pvt. Ltd.,
India, 2001
7. Agarwal, N. K., Essentials of GPS, Spatial Networks Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, 2004
K L University
Department of PHYSICS
Pre-Ph.D. Syllabus & Model Paper for VI Batch (admitted in 2013-14)
NANO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Unit I
Introduction: Importance of Nano science &technology, Emergence of Nano-technology,
Types of Nano materials, Bottom-up and Top-down approaches,, Applications of Nano
Technology in Science and technology.
Unit II
Zero Dimensional Nano-structures: Nano particles through homogenous nucleation;
Growth of nuclei, synthesis of metallic nano particles, Nano particles through heterogeneous
nucleation; Fundamentals of heterogeneous nucleation and synthesis of
nano particles using micro emulsions and Aerosol.
Unit III
One Dimensional Nano-structure, Nano wires and nano rods: Spontaneous growth: Evaporation
and condensation growth, Casting method, vapor-liquid-solid growth, Electrochemical
deposition and Electro spinning.
Unit IV
Two dimensional nano-structures: Fundamentals of film growth. Physical vapour
Depostion(PVD): Chemical Vapour Depostion (CVD) Characterization of nano materials
by using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques-XRD,FTIR,DSC,SEM and TEM.
Electrical measurements of nano composite materials by using fourprobe method.
Unit V
Introduction to Carbon Nano Tubes(CNTs), Properties, Preparation of CNTs-Laser
ablation method, Arc method, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), Sol-Gel method, Carbon
nanotube Polymer Nano composites ,Applications of Nano in drug delivery system.
Text books:
1.Introduction to Nano technologyby Charles P.Poole.Jr.& Frank J.ownes John
wielly&sons Inc. Publishers -2006
2. Nano structures and Nano materials: Synthesis, properties and applications Guozhong
Cao- Imperial College press.
Reference Book:” Nano structured Materials” by Jackie Ying academic press, 2001
SOLID STATE IONICS
UNIT 1:- Introduction
Classification of solids – crystalline, amorphous materials and its processing techniques,
structural characterization by IR, XRD, DSC/TGA and SEM methods
UNIT 2:- Ionic Materials
Introduction to polymeric materials – Blends, Composites and polymer electrolytes, Solid
conducting polymer electrolytes – Fast ion conductors, Characterization. Solid conducting
polymer electrolytes composites – Synthesis, processing and characterization and their device
applications – Electrochemical cells, Rechargeable polymer battery, electro chromic devices,
electro chemical solar cells, sensors.
UNIT 3:- Nano materials
Introduction to nano particles and nano composites, synthesis and processing technologies for
nanostructure materials – Chemical co-precipitation method, soldzer method, hydrothermal
method, copolymerization method – Chemical oxidative polymerization method, structural,
mechanical, optical and electrical studies of nano composites conductivity and electrical
transport properties of processable nano
materials – Applications.
UNIT 4:- Electrochemical cell Devices
Introduction to Electro chemical cells, sensors and fuel cells – Types– Synthesis and
development of solid electrolyte membranes – Characterization by XRD, Differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC), SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy)
UNIT-V: Measurements:
Measurement of electrical conductivity of solid electrolyte membranes – Determination of
transference number by Wagner’s polarization method, water balance in membranes –
Fabrication and working principles of Electro chemical cell, fuel cell, sensors– Calculation of
open circuit voltage (OCV), short circuit current, resistivity, current density, power density and
estimation of efficiency, V-I characteristics of fuel cells, Application of fuel cells in
transportation and low temperature electronic devices .
Prescribed Books: 1.Solid state Ionics for Batteries By M. Tatsumisago,M. Wakihara etc.,
Springer Publishers
3. Solid state Ionics by B.V.R. Chowdary,Wenji.B .World Scientifics Ltd.
LIQUID CRYSTALS-I
1. Chemical Construction:
Thermo tropic liquid crystals, Nematics, Smectics, Cholestrics, and Disc like molecules, linear
molecules, lyotropic liquid crystals, monolayer and bilayer arrangements, monotropic and
enatiotropic liquid crystals, bridging groups.
2. Microscopic investigations including basic concepts:
Phenomenology and morphology –polymorpholism-boundary effects-textures-homogeneous and
homeotropic textures of nematic and smectic phases.
3. Theories of liquid crystalline state:
Swan theory- Continuem theory -Maier-Sauté theory (Mean field theory) – Landau-de Gennes
theory –Pre transitional effects-Mc Millan theory of septic A phase and its developments.
4. Electric and Magnetic field effects:
Elastic deformations (Fredrick’s deformation) – Magnetic field effects (temperature) on nematics
and smetics – Electric field effects- Domains – DSM _ Loops –Electro hydrodynamic
instabilities.
5. Polarizing Microscopy:
The Polarizing Microscope, Basic Liquid Crystal Optics, Uniaxial Phases, Biaxiality, Conoscopy
Books:
1. Introduction to Liquid Crystals:Editors E.P.Priestley et. Al.,Plenum Press,N.Y.
2. Hand book of Liquid Crystals: Hans Kelker et. Al.
3. The molecular Physics of Liquid Crystals: G.W.Gray et.al.
4. Liquid Crystals: S. Chandrasekhar.
5. Textures of Liquid Crystals: Ingo Dierking
IQUID CRYSTALS-II
1. Thermodynamic Properties:
Theories of phase transitions-pre transitional phenomena – Calorimetric measurements – Molar
heat – Transitional entropy and enthalpy.
2. Optical Properties:
Birefringence –Rayleigh’s scattering – UV and Visible absorption spectroscopy.
3. Liquid Crystal displays:
Electro optic phenomena – Field induced birefringence – Twisted nematic – Guest – Host effect
– Cholestrics to nematic trastion – Storage mode – Display life – Alignment of liquid crystal,
homogeneous and homeotropic.
4. Technical Applications :
Thermography – Elecro optic display devices – Holography – Interferometry and other a
5. Twist Grain Boundary Phases:
The TGBA Phase, Textures of planar anchoring conditions, hometropic anchoring conditions,
Suppression of TGBA texture, TGBC and TGBCA phases.
Books:
1. Introduction to Liquid Crystals:Editors E.P.Priestley et. Al., Plenum Press, N.Y.
2. Hand book of Liquid Crystals: Hans Kelker et. Al.
3. The molecular Physics of Liquid Crystals: G.W.Gray et.al.
4. Liquid Crystals: S. Chandrasekhar.
5. Textures of Liquid Crystals: Ingo Dierking
THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS
Unit - I
Preparation of Thin-films Kinetic aspects of Gases in a vacuum chamber - Classifications of
vacuum ranges Production of vacuum - Pressure measurement in vacuum systems - Physical
vapour deposition - Evaporation Techniques - Sputtering (RF & DC) - Pulsed Laser deposition-
Liquid Phase Epitaxy- Vapour Phase Epitaxy- Molecular Beam Epitaxy.
Unit – II
Film growth and measurement of thickness, Thermodynamics and Kinetics of thin film
formation - Film growth – five stages - In corporation of defects and impurities in films -
Deposition parameters and grain size - structure of thin films - Microbalance technique - quartz
crystal monitor photometric - Ellipsometry and interferometers - Measurement of rate of
deposition using ratemeter - cleaning of substrate.
Unit - III
Characterization, X-ray Diffraction(XRD) - SEM, Photoluminescence(PL) - Raman
Sepectroscopy, UV-Vis-IR Spectrophotometer – AFM - Hall effect – SIMS - X-ray
Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) - Vibrational Sample Magnetometers, Rutherford Back
Scattering (RBS).
Unit - IV
Properties of thin films Dielectric properties - Experimental techniques for dielectric film -
annealing effect, effect of film thickness on dielectric properties – determination of optical
constants – Experimental techniques for determination of optical parameters - Magnetic and
mechanical properties - Hall effect compilations - Adhesion, stress, strength, Raleigh surface
waves - Ferromagnetic properties of Thin films - Experimental methods for measurement of
mechanical properties of thin films.
Unit – V
Applications, Micro and optoelectronic devices, quantum dots, Data storage, corrosion and wear
coatings - Polymer films, MEMS, optical applications - Applications in electronics – electric
contacts, connections and resistors, capacitors and inductances - Applications of ferromagnetic
and super conducting films - active electronic elements, micro acoustic elements using surface
waves - integrated circuits - thin films in optoelectronics and integrated optics.
Reference
1. K.L. Chopra, Thin film phenomena, McGraw- Hill book company New York, 1969
2. Ludminla Eckertova, ‘Physics of thin films’, Plenum press, New York 1977.
3. A. Goswami, Thin Film Fundamentals, New Age international (P) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi
(1996).
K L University
Department of CHEMISTRY
Pre-Ph.D. Syllabus & Model Paper for VI Batch (admitted in 2013-14)
BASIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UNIT I
Purification and drying of organic solvents Benzene, toluene, xylene, Tetrahydrofuran,
chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol, dimethyl formamide, dimethylsulfoxide,
UNIT –II
Preparation of Reagents: Sodium methoxide, TMEDA-ZnCl2 Complex, Lithium
diisopropylamide, Butyl Lithium, organomagnesiumhalide, wittig reagent, sodamide,
dialkyllithiumcuprate. Oxidising agents, Reducing agents.
UNIT-III
Reactive intermediates Carbanions, carbocations, carbenes, carbon radicals, nitrenes, arynes,
UNIT-IV
Named reactions and rearrangements Benzoin condensation, Perkin reaction, Cannizaro reaction,
Diels Alder reaction, Heterodiels alder reaction, Peterson olefination, Wolf Kishner reduction,
Claisen rearrangement, Cope rearrangement, Oxycope rearrangements, Benzidine
rearrangement, Beckman rearrangement.
UNIT- V
Chromatographic techniques: Principles & applications with respect to Thin-Layer
chromatography, Paper chromatography, Column chromatography, Gas Chromatography and
HPLC with suitable examples & Chromatograms
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Unit- I: Basic separation techniques- I:
Theory and Techniques of distillation, fractional distillation, steam distillation, vaccum
distillation, Molecular distillation and sublimation. Theory of action of drying agents,
Fractionation by evaporation-working of Rotory film evaporator. Extraction – Distribution law
and derivation, solvents and their choice. tenchniques – batch and continuous, multiple
extraction, column and their choice.
Unit-II: Basic separation techniques -II:
Complexation-Theory and application of complexating agents and choice. Dialysis – Theory,
membranes and their choice, techniques and applications. Ultrafilteration and zone filteration –
principles and techniques. Centrifugation –Principle, Techniques , Ultra centrifuge-description of
apparatus, theory,
sedimentation velocity and molcecular weight determination.
Unit-III: Basic chromatographic techniques:
Chromatographic methods- theroy, principle, classification and mechanism-adsorption, partition,
ion exchange, ion association, gel permeation and molecular sieving.
Column chromatography – Construction and operation of column, choice of adsorbents and
eluents, techniques of elution, methods of detection, analytical and industrial applications.
Paper chromatography – Construction and operation of column, choice of separation, types of
papers and their choice, different techniques, qualitative measurements, source of errors in
analytical and industrial applications. Thin Layer chromatography – Techniques and
applications, Modified stationary phases. Ion – exchange chromatography – Techniques and
applications.
Unit-IV: Advanced chromatographic techniques:
Gas chromatography – Types and nature of stationary and mobile phase, solid supports and
their choice, columns – packed, open and capillary, sampling methods instrumentation, detectors
– types sensitivity, limits of detection operative principles of TCD, FID and ECD, Comparison
of detectors temperature programming, derivative chromatography, hyphenated techniques with
GSGC qualitative and quantitative applications. Gel permeation chromatography –
Instrumentation, heterogeneity factor, determination of molecular weights - weight average and
number average, analytical and industrial applications. Liquid chromatography – High
pressure liquid chromatography. Theory and equipment, type of pumps and their choice, types
of columns, large scale separation, application in analytical chemistry and in industry.
Unit-V: Advanced analytical tools:
New development in chromatography – Plasma chromatography, super critical fluid
chromatography.
Electrophoresis-Theory and classification, factors affecting mobility, macromolecular size and
charge interactions with supporting electrolyte, pH and concentration discontinuities, Factors
affecting electrophoresis phenomena-electrolysis, electrosomosis, temperature and supporting
media. Instrumentation, methodology, Preparation of gel- staining and destaining, preparative
zone electrophoresis, continuous electrophoresis and Applications.
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ADVANCES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Structural Elucidation by Spectroscopic Methods: Application of UV, IR and NMR
spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy in structural analysis of organic compounds.
Unit-II
Oxidation: Oxidation of hydrocarbons; alkenes, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones Oxidative
coupling reactions. Use of Pb(OAC)4, NBS, CrO3, SeO2, MnO2, KMnO4, OsO4, Per acids and
Ti(III) Nitrate.
Reduction: Catalytic hydrogenation (homogenous and heterogeneous), reduction by dissolving
metals, reduction by hydride transfer reagents, reduction with hydrazine and diamide
Unit-III
Disconnection approach: Introduction, Principle, Functional group inversion, Disconnection of
mono cyclic substituted organic Compounds.
Unit-IV
Phase Transfer catalyst: Principle & applications of three catalysts: Tetra butyl Ammonium
bromide, Crown ethers, Ethyl Triphenyl Phosphonium Bromide.
Unit- V
Design Organic Synthesis: Retro synthesis the disconnection approach – basic Principles
Convergent and linear synthesis with examples; Retro synthesis of bi cyclic and tri cyclic
systems.
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ADVANCED INSTRUMENTAL METHODS FOR CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION
AND ANALYSIS
UNIT-1: Absorption Spectroscopy:
Introduction and importance; Principles and instrumentation; Interferences - Chemical &
Spectral and evaluation methods; Applications of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for
qualitative and quantitative analysis.
UV-Visible spectroscopy: Theory, Rules and identification of functional groups
Chiroptical spectroscopy-CD, ORD curves, applications to organic molecules. Problems related
to UV and ORD curves.
UNIT-2: IR, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy:
Introduction; basic principles; Instrumentation; Detectors, Qualitative, Quantitative analysis and
Applications. Raman spectroscopy –identification of some organic functional groups. Solving
some problems related IR and Raman spectroscopy.
UNIT-3: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy:
High resolution NMR – chemical shift- Spin-Spin splitting (j-value) Spin decoupling ; spin
tickling, shift reagents; structure determination, applications of proton NMR and problems 13
C NMR –Principle, rules, applications and problems 2D NMR – Principle, COSY (HETCOR,
HOMCOR) DQFCOSY, DEPT, INEPT, NOESY, INADEQUATE, HMBC, HMQC and
problems.
UNIT-4: Mass Spectroscopy and allied techniques:
Introduction; Basic principles, ionizing sources, types of ions, detectors and applications. Rules,
modes of fragmentation of various organic molecules and problems. Principle and applications
of GC-MS, HPLC-MS, GC-FTIR.
UNIT-5: X-ray fluorescence and Thermal Analysis:
Principle, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-
ray photo electronic spectroscopy, chemical shift, application of XPES and XRF. Principles,
basic instrumentation and applications of TG, DTA and DSC. differential scanning calorimetry.
Cyclic voltametry – Principle, instrumentation and applications.
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WATER POLLUTION AND TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
SYLLABUS
UNIT I
Water Pollutants and Water Treatment: Types and Sources, Heavy metals- metalloids-
organic- inorganic- biological- radioactive pollutants, eutrophication, potable water and carrying
capacity of rivers, Methods of Water Purification, primary treatment- sedimentation- flotation,
secondary (biological) treatment- design and principles in biological treatment facilities-
activated sludge process- trickling filters – low cost waste treatment systems and their design,
tertiary treatment.
UNIT II
Industrial Waste Water Treatment: Sources, Characteristics, methodology and process for the
treatment of industrial wastes of sugar industry- beverage industry- tannery industry- textile mill
waste industry- fertilizer plant- steel plant- oil refinery- pharmaceutical [plant- paper and pulp
mill]
UNIT III
Advanced Waste Water Treatment: Introduction, removal of suspended solids- removal of
dissolved solids- Ammonia r
emoval- phosphorous removal- chemical oxidation- recovery of materials from process effluents.
UNIT IV
Sewage Treatment and Disposal: Self purification of streams- BOD and its importance-
treatment methods- primary, secondary and tertiary levels- disinfections of treated sewage
effluent- septic tank design- effluent disposal methods- disposal on land, sewage sickness-
disposal by dilution- design of biological treatment units- sludge characteristics, unit operations
in sludge disposal, conventional and high rate digesters- disposal of sludge- gas utilization.
UNIT V
Phytoremediation Treatment: Introduction, current trends in role of phytoremediation-
examples of species potential in absorbing heavy metals and pollutants in waste water- root zone
treatment technology- microbial remediation- role of bacteria and the microbes in cleaning of
sewage waters- oil spilled waters- domestic waste waters- polluted agricultural runoff- bio
medical waste retaining waters
Text Books:
1. Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering, G.S. Birdie & J.S. Brides, Dhanpat Rai &sons
1993.
2. A treatise on Rural, Municipal, and industrial waste management KVSG Murali Krishna
3. Environmental Sanitation (Social and preventive medicine) Dr. P.V. Rama Raju &
KVSG Murali Krishna
4. Waste water engineering, treatment and reuse by Metcalf and Eddy, fifth edition, Tata
Mc Graw Hill.
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PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SYLLABUS
UNIT I
Ecology, Environment and Energy Resources: Principles of ecology; ecosystem- structure
and functions; biomes and biodiversity; biogeochemical cycles; environment- management and
pollution; sustainable development; energy resources- renewable and non-renewable.
UNIT II
Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Health and Toxicology: Environmental segments-
atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere; Chemical interactions; Toxic chemicals in environment;
environmental health hazards; Biochemical effects- arsenic, lead, mercury, carbon monoxide,
nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, ozone and PAN, cyanide, pesticides; Measuring toxicity and
Risk assessment.
UNIT III
Air Pollution & Control Technologies: Air pollution- types and sources; Air pollutants-
classification and properties; Meteorological aspects of air pollution; Air pollution-sampling and
measurement; Control methods- particulate and gaseous emissions; Automobile pollution.
UNIT IV
EIA, Environmental Law and Policy Concept of EIA; EIA methodologies; Impact prediction and
assessment-air, water, biological, socio-economic; Concepts of Environmental Audit;
Environmental education; Environmental Policy; Environmental Law and regulations; Citizen
participation.
UNIT V
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management: Waste-definition and types; Generation;
Collection; Segregation; transport; Treatment; Disposal Methods; Waste Processing and
management; Creation of TSDF; Impacts of waste; legal and administrative regulations.
Suggested books:
1. Ecology- E.P. Odum, 1983, Holt-Saunders International Edition
2. Environmental Chemistry- A.K. De, New Age Intt. Pub. Co., New Delhi, 1990
3. A Text Book of environmental – C.S. Rao, Wiley Eastern Limited., 1993
K L University
Department of ECE
Pre-Ph.D. Syllabus & Model Paper for VI Batch (admitted in 2013-14)
ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING
SYLLABUS
Complex-Valued Adaptive Signal Processing: Optimization in the Complex Domain, Widely
Linear Adaptive Filtering, Nonlinear Adaptive Filtering with Multilayer Perceptrons, Complex
Independent Component Analysis,
Robust Estimation Techniques for Complex-Valued Random Vectors: Statistical
Characterization of Complex Random Vectors, Complex Elliptically Symmetric (CES)
Distributions, Tools to Compare Estimators, Scatter and Pseudo-Scatter Matrices Array
Processing Examples, MVDR Beamformers Based on M-Estimators,
Turbo Equalization: Communication Chain, Turbo Decoder: Overview, Forward-Backward
Algorithm, Simplified Algorithm: Interference Canceler, Capacity Analysis, Blind Turbo
Equalization, Convergence, Multichannel and Multiuser Settings,
Subspace Tracking for Signal Processing: Linear Algebra Review, Observation Model and
Problem Statement, Preliminary Example: Oja’s Neuron, Subspace Tracking,, Eigenvectors
Tracking, Convergence and Performance Analysis Issues,
Particle Filtering: The Basic Idea, The Choice of Proposal Distribution and Resampling, Some
Particle Filtering Methods, Handling Constant Parameters, Rao–Blackwellization, Prediction,
Smoothing,
TEXT BOOKS 1. Tu¨lay Adalı ,Simon Haykin,” Adaptive Signal Processing”, John Wiley & Sons
ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
SYLLABUS
Multi-rate Digital Signal Processing Introduction, Decimation by a Factor D, Interpolation by a
Factor I, Sampling Rate Conversion by a Rational Factor I/D, Filter Design and Implementation
for sampling rate Conversion
Multi-rate Digital Signal Processing Multistage Implementation of Sampling Rate Conversion,
Applications of Multi-rate Signal Processing, Sampling Rate Conversion of Band-pass Signals
Linear Prediction And Optimum Linear Filters: Innovations Representation of a Stationary
Random Process, Forward and Backward linear prediction, Solution of the Normal Equations,
Properties of linear prediction-Error Filter, AR Lattice and ARMA Lattice-Ladder Filters.
Power Spectral Estimation: Estimation of Spectra from Finite Duration Observations of a
signal, the Periodogram, Use DFT in power Spectral Estimation, Bartlett, Welch and Blackman,
Tukey methods, Comparison of performance of Non-Parametric Power Spectrum Estimation
Methods
Parametric Method Of Power Spectrum Estimation: Parametric Methods for power spectrum
estimation, Relationship between Auto-Correlation and Model Parameters, AR (Auto-
Regressive) Process and Linear Prediction, Yule-Walker, Burg and Un-constrained Least
Squares Methods, Sequential Estimation, Moving Average(MA) and ARMA Models Minimum
Variance Method, Piscaranko’s Harmonic Decomposition Methods, MUSIC Method.
TEXT BOOKS 1. Proakis JG and Manolakis DG Digital Signal Processing Principles, Algorithms and
Application, PHI.
2. Openheim AV & Schafer RW, Discrete Time Signal Processing PHI.
SIMULATION TEXT BOOKS 1. Samuel D Stearns, “Digital Signal Processing with examples in Matlab”, CRC Press.
2. ES Gopi. “Algorithm collections for Digital Signal Processing Applications using
Matlab”, Springer.
3. Taan S.Elali, “Discrete Systems and Digital Signal Processing with Matlab”, CRC Press,
2005.
DETECTION AND ESTIMATION OF SIGNALS
SYLLABUS Introduction to Discrete-time signals: Fourier Transform of a discrete time signal, Amplitude
and phase spectrum, Frequency content and sampling rates, Transfer function, Frequency
response.
Random - Discrete-time signals: Review of probability, Random data, Generation of Pseudo-
random noise, Filtered signals, Autocorrelation and power spectral density, Sampling band-
Limited random.
Detection of Signals in Noise:- Minimum probability of Error Criterion, Neyman-Person
criterion for Radar detection of constant and variable amplitude signals, Matched filters,
Optimum formulation, Detection of Random signals, Simple problems thereon with multi sample
cases.
Estimation of Signals in Noise: Linear mean squared estimation, Non linear estimates, MAP
and ML estimates, Maximum likelihood estimate of parameters of linear system, Simple
problems thereon.
Recursive linear mean squared Estimation: Estimation of a signal parameter, Estimation of
time-varying signals, Kalman filtering, Filtering signals in noise, Treatment restricted to two
variable case only, Simple problems.
TEXT BOOKS 1. Signal processing: Discrete Spectral analysis, Detection and Estimation, Mischa
Schwartz and Leonard Shaw, Mc-Graw Hill Book Company, 1975.
2. Signal Detection and Estimation, 2nd edition, Mourad Barkat, Artech House Inc,
Norwood, MA 02062, 2005,
3. Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Estimation Theory, Steven M. Kay,
Prentice Hall New Jersey, 1993,
REFERENCE TEXT BOOK 1. “Probability, Random Variables and Random Signal Principles”, Peyton Z.Peebles Jr, 4th
Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
2. Jerry M. Mendel, Lessons in Estimation Theory for Signal Processing, Communication
and Control, Prentice Hall Inc., 1995.
3. Shanmugam and Breipohl, ‘Detection of signals in noise and estimation’, John Wiley &
Sons, New York, 1985.
4. Srinath, Rajasekaran & Viswanathan, Introduction to statistical Signal processing with
Applications, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 110 001,1989.
5. Steven M. Kay, Intuitive Probability and Random Processes using Matlab, Springer,
2006.
SIMULATION TEXT BOOKS 1. Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling by Monson Hayes, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.,
2. Statistical Signal Processing Modelling and ESTIMATION BY Chonavel, T., Springer
2001
EMBEDDED NETWORKING
SYLLABUS:
UNIT-I EMBEDDED COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS: Embedded Networking: Introduction –
Serial/Parallel Communication – Serial communication protocols -RS232 standard – RS485 –
Synchronous Serial Protocols -Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) – Inter Integrated Circuits (I2C)
– PC Parallel port programming -ISA/PCI Bus protocols – Firewire.
UNIT-II USB Bus: Introduction – Speed Identification on the bus – USB States – USB bus
communication: Packets –Data flow types –Enumeration –Descriptors –PIC 18 Microcontroller
USB Interface
UNIT-III CAN Bus: Introduction - Frames –Bit stuffing –Types of errors –Nominal Bit Timing – PIC
microcontroller CAN Interface –A simple application with CAN.
UNIT-IV EMBEDDED ETHERNET: Exchanging messages using UDP and TCP – Serving web pages
with Dynamic Data – Serving web pages that respond to user Input – Email for Embedded
Systems – Using FTP – Keeping Devices and Network secure.
UNIT-V WIRELESS EMBEDDED NETWORKING: Wireless sensor networks – Introduction –
Applications – Network Topology – Localization –Time Synchronization - Energy efficient
MAC protocols –SMAC – Energy efficient and robust routing – Data Centric routing
TEXT BOOKS 1. Frank Vahid, Givargis ‘Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software
2. Introduction’, Wiley Publications
3. Jan Axelson, ‘Parallel Port Complete’, Penram publications
4. Dogan Ibrahim, ‘Advanced PIC microcontroller projects in C’, Elsevier 2008
5. Jan Axelson ‘Embedded Ethernet and Internet Complete’, Penram publications
6. Bhaskar Krishnamachari, ‘Networking wireless sensors’, Cambridge press 2005
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
SYLLABUS
GPS fundamentals: INS, Trilaiteration, Hyperbolic navigation, Transit, GPS principle of
operation, architecture, operating frequencies, orbits, Keplerian elements. Solar and Siderial
days, GPS and UTC Time
GPS Signals:, Signal structure, C/A and P-Code, ECEF and ECI coordinate systems and WGS
84 and Indian datums, Important components of receiver and specifications, link budget.
GPS Error Models: Ionospheric error, Tropospheric error, Ephemeris error, Clock errors,
Satellite and receiver instrumental biases, Antenna Phase center variation, multipath; estimation
of Total Electron Content (TEC) using dual frequency measurements, Various DOPs, UERE.
Spoofing and Anti-spoofing. : Future GPS satellites, new signals and their benefits GPS
integration – GPS/GIS, GPS/INS, GPS/pseudolite, GPS/cellular.
GPS data processing, DGPS and Applications: RINEX Navigation and Observation formats,
Code and carrier phase observables, linear combination and derived observables, Ambiguity
resolution, cycle slips, Position estimation. principle of operation of DGPS, architecture and
errors.
Other Constellations and Augmentation systems Other satellite navigation constellations
GLONASS and Galileo IRNS System. : Relative advantages of SBAS and GBAS, Wide area
augmentation system (WAAS) architecture, GAGAN, EGNOS and MSAS. Local area
augmentation system (LAAS) concept.
Reference Books:
1. B.Hofmann Wollenhof, H.Lichtenegger, and J.Collins, “GPS Theory and Practice”, Springer
Wien, new York, 2000.
2. Pratap Misra and Per Enge, “Global Positioning System Signals, Measurements, and
Performance,” Ganga-Jamuna Press, Massachusetts, 2001.
3. Ahmed El-Rabbany, “Introduction to GPS,” Artech House, Boston, 2002. WITH EFFECT
FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2010-2011
4. Bradford W. Parkinson and James J. Spilker, “Global Positioning System: Theory and
Applications,” Volume II, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., Washington,
1996.
LOW POWER VLSI CIRCUITS
SYLLABUS
Introduction: Need for low power VLSI chips, Sources of power dissipation on Digital
Integrated circuits. Emerging Low power approaches.
Device & Technology Impact on Low Power: Dynamic dissipation in CMOS, Transistor
sizing& gate oxide thickness, Impact of technology Scaling, Technology & Device innovation.
Simulation Power analysis: SPICE circuit simulators, gate level logic simulation, capacitive
power estimation, static state power, gate level capacitance estimation, architecture level
analysis, data correlation analysis in DSP systems, Monte Carlo simulation.
Probabilistic power analysis: Random logic signals, probability & frequency, probabilistic
power analysis techniques, signal entropy.
Low Power Circuit’s: Transistor and gate sizing, network restructuring and Reorganization.
Special Flip Flops & Latches design, high capacitance nodes, low power digital cells library.
Logic level: Gate reorganization, signal gating, logic encoding, state machine encoding, pre-
computation logic.
Low power Architecture & Systems: Power & performance management, switching activity
reduction, parallel architecture with voltage reduction, flow graph transformation, low power
arithmetic components.
Low power Clock Distribution: Power dissipation in clock distribution, single driver Vs
distributed buffers, Zero skew Vs tolerable skew, chip & package co design of clock network.
Special Techniques: Power Reduction in Clock networks, CMOS Floating Node, Low Power
Bus Delay balancing, and Low Power Techniques for SRAM.
TEXT BOOKS 1. Gary K. Yeap, “Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design”, KAP, 2002
2. Rabaey, Pedram, “Low Power Design Methodologies” Kluwer Academic
REFERENCES 1. Kaushik Roy, Sharat Prasad, “Low-Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design” Wiley, 2000
2. Yeo, “CMOS/BiCMOS ULSI Low Voltage Low Power” Pearson Education
MATHEMATICAL METHODS FOR SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
SYLLABUS
Mathematical Models and Vector Space Concepts: Mathematical models for linear systems
and signals, Vector spaces and linear algebra: norms, Hilbert and branch spaces, linear
transformations, projections and orthogonalization of vectors.
Least Square and Minimum Mean Square Filtering and Estimation: Approximation
problem in Hilbert space, Orthogonality principle, Matrix representation of least square
problems, Minimum error in Hilbert-space approximations, Least squares filtering, Minimum
mean square estimation, MMSE filtering, Comparison of least squares and minimum mean
squares, Frequency-domain optimal filtering, Minimum-norm solution of underdetermined
equations, Iterative reweighted LS for LP optimization.
Linear Operators and Matrix Inverses: Linear operators, Operative norms, Adjoint operators
and transposes, Geometry of linear equations, Four fundamental sub spaces of a linear operator,
Pseudo inverses, Inverse of a block matrix.
Eigen values and Eigen vectors: Eigen values and linear systems, Linear dependence of
eigenvectors, Diagonalization of a matrix, Geometry of invariant subspaces, Geometry of
quadratic forms subject to linear constraints, Karhunen-Loève approximations, Eigen filters,
Signal subspace techniques.
Singular Value Decomposition: Theory of SVD, Matrix structure from the SVD, Pseudo
inverses, Numerically sensitive problems, Rank-reducing approximations. Applications of the
SVD: System Identification, Total least square problems, Partial total least squares, Rotation of
subspaces, Computation of SVD.
TEXT BOOKS 1. Todd K. Moon, Wynn C. Stirling, ‘Mathematical Methods and Algorithms for signal
processing’, Pearson education.
2. Statistical Signal Processing of Complex-Valued Data, Peter J. Schreier and Louis L.
Scharf, Cambridge University Press
REFERENCE TEXT BOOKS 1. Steven M. Kay, Intuitive Probability and Random Processes using Matlab, Springer,
2006.
2. Richard E. Blahut, Fast Algorithms for Signal Processing Cambridge University Press
3. The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU
MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Syllabus
Overview of MEMS and Micro Systems: Introduction, miniaturization, Reliability,
Advantages of MEMS, working principles of chemical sensors, optical, pressure and thermal
sensors, micro actuation: actuation using thermal forces, actuation using piezo electric crystals,
actuation using electrostatic forces; micro accelerometers, micro fluidics, MEMS switches, phase
shifters, varactors, tunable oscillators
Basics of MEMS technology: Molecular theory of matter and intermolecular forces, doping of
semi-conductors, the diffusion process, scaling laws in miniaturization, Engineering mechanics:
static bending of thin plates, mechanical vibrations, thermo mechanics, fluid flow in nano scale.
Micro system Design: Introduction, design considerations, process design, mechanical design,
micro system packaging, essential packaging technologies, 3D packaging, assembly, selection of
materials, Finite Element Analysis (FEA).
Fabrication methods: Lithography: Introduction, wafers, masks, spinning resist and soft baking,
exposure and post exposure treatment, resolution, mathematical expression of resist profiles,
image reversal, interface effects, radiation and resist profiles, ion implantation, diffusion,
oxidation, RIE , Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD), Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD),
deposition by epitaxy, comparison of bulk and surface micromachining, comparison of wet and
dry etching, LIGA process. system level packaging, single and multichip packaging.
Case Study: MEMS capacitive switch, MEMS capacitive accelerometer, MEMS pressure
sensor, quartz rate gyroscope, cantilever based micro cantilevers for mass measurement.
References:
1. Microsystem Design by Stephen D.Senturia, Springer International Edition,2010
2. RF MEMS Theory, Design and Technology by Gabriel M.Rebeiz, Wiley India Pvt Ltd.
3. MEMS and Microsystems: Design and Manufacture by Tai-Ran Hsu, Tata McGraw
4. Hill,2002
5. The MEMS Handbook, Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, CRC Press, 2002.
6. Foundations of MEMS by Chang Liu, Second Edition, Pearson Publication
MODERN DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
SYLLABUS
Modern Digital Modulation Techniques: Introduction, Information Capacity, Bits, Bit Rate,
Baud rate & M-ary Encoding, ASK, FSK, PSK QAM Bandwidth Efficiency Carrier Recovery,
Clock Recovery, DPSK, Trellis Code Modulation, Probability of Error & Bit Error Rate, Error
Performance.
Baseband Data Transmission: Introduction – Baseband Binary PAM Systems – Baseband
Pulse Shaping, Optimum Transmitting and Receiving Filters – Duobinary Baseband PAM
System – Use of Controlled ISI in Duobinary Signaling Schemes, Transmitting and Receiving
Filters for Optimum Performance.
M-ary Signaling Schemes – Analysis and Design of M-ary Signaling Schemes, Binary Versus
M-ary Signaling Schemes - Shaping of the Transmitted Signal Spectrum – Effect of Pre coding
on the Spectrum, Pulse Shaping by Digital Methods - Equalization - Transversal Equalizer,
Automatic Equalizers.
Block and Convolutional Channel Codes: Linear Block Codes - The Generator Matrix and
Parity Check Matrix, Cyclic Codes, Bounds on Minimum Distance of Linear Block Codes, Non
Binary Block Codes – Convolutional Codes – Transfer Function of a Convolutional Code,
Optimum Decoding of Convolutional Code –Distance Properties of Binary Convolutional Codes.
Spread Spectrum Signals for Digital Communication: Model of Spread Spectrum Digital
Communication System – Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals – Error Rate Performance
of the Decoder, Some Applications of DS Spread Spectrum Signals, Generation of PN
Sequences – Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum Signals – Performance of FH Spread Spectrum
Signals in an AWGN Channel, CDMA System Based on FH Spread Spectrum.
Signals Emerging Digital Communication Technologies.: The North American Hierarchy,
Digital Services, Broad band Digital Communication: SONET, Digital Switching Technologies,
Broadband Services for Entertainment and Home office Applications, Video Compression, High
Definition Television(HDTV)
TEXT BOOKS 1. Advanced Electronic Communications Systems, by Wayne Tomasi, 6 Edition Pearson
Education.
2. K Sam Shanmugam, Digital and Analog Communication Systems, John Wiley and sons (
Asia) Pvt Ltd.
REFERENCES 1. Simon Haykin, Digital communications, John Wiley and sons, 1998
2. Wayne Tomasi, Advanced electronic communication systems, 4th Edition Pearson
Education Asia, 1998
3. B.P.Lathi Modern digital and analog communication systems, 3rd Edition, Oxford
University press
4. Ravindranathan” Communication Systems Modeling Using Matlab & Simulink”
Universities Press
RADIATION SYSTEMS
SYLLABUS
Basics Concepts Of Radiation: Radiation from surface current and current line current
distribution, Basic antenna parameters, Radiation mechanism-Current distribution of Antennas,
Impedance concept-Balanced to Unbalanced transformer.
Radiation from Apertures Field equivalence principle, Rectangular and circular apertures,
Uniform distribution on an infinite ground plane, Aperture fields of Horn antenna-Babinets
principle, Geometrical theory of diffraction, Reflector antennas, and Design considerations - Slot
antennas.
Synthesis of Array Antennas Types of linear arrays, current distribution in linear arrays,
Phased arrays, Optimization of Array patterns, Continuous aperture sources, Antenna synthesis
techniques.
Micro Strip Antennas Radiation mechanisms, Feeding structure, Rectangular patch, Circular
patch, Ring antenna. Input impedance of patch antenna, Micro-strip dipole, Micro-strip arrays.
EMI/EMC/Antenna Measurements: Log periodic, Bi-conical, Log spiral ridge Guide, Multi
turn loop, Traveling Wave antenna, Antenna measurement and instrumentation, Amplitude and
Phase measurement, Gain, Directivity, Impedance and polarization measurement, Antenna range,
Design and Evaluation.
TEXT BOOKS 1. Kraus.J.D.,"Antennas"II Edition, John wiley and Sons.
2. Balanis.A, "Antenna Theory Analysis and Design", John Wiley and Sons, New York,
1982
REFERENCES 1. RF System Design, Peter Kinget Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies Murray Hill,
2. Practical RF system design, Wiley-IEEE, 2003 - Technology & Engineering
RF & MICROWAVE SYSTEM DESIGN
SYLLABUS
Introduction: Importance of RF and Microwave Concepts and Applications- and Units-
Frequency Spectrum, RF and Microwave Circuit Design, Dimensions - RF Behavior of Passive
Components: High Frequency Resistors, High Frequency Capacitors, High Frequency Inductors,
General Introduction, Types of Transmission Lines-Equivalent Circuit representation.
The Smith Chart: Introduction, Derivation of Smith Chart, Description of two types of smith
chart, Z-Y Smith chart, Distributed Circuit Applications, Lumped Element Circuit Applications.
SINGLE AND MULTIPORT NETWORKS: Basic Definitions, Interconnecting Networks.
Scattering Parameters: Scattering Parameters: Definition, Meaning, Chain Scattering Matrix,
Conversion between S and Z-parameters, Signal Flow Chart Modeling.
Stability and Gain Considerations – RF Design RF Source, Transducer Power Gain,
Additional Power Relations-Stability Considerations: Stability Circles, Unconditional Stability,
and Stabilization Methods-Unilateral and Bilateral Design for Constant Gain- Noise Figure
Circles- Constant VSWR Circles.
RF Filters, Amplifiers And Oscillators Design Generalization-Basic Resonator and Filter
Configurations: Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass and Band Stop type Filters-Filter
Implementation using Unit Element and Kuroda's Identities Transformations. Introduction,
Types and Characteristics of Amplifiers, Small Signal Amplifiers, Design of different types of
amplifiers (NBA, HGA, MGA, LNA, MNA, BBA), Design of Large Signal Amplifiers
Oscillator vs Amplifier Design, Design procedure of Transistor Oscillators.
TEXT BOOKS 1. Mathew M. Radmanesh, “Radio Frequency & Microwave Electronics”, Pearson
Education Asia, Second Edition,
2. Reinhold Ludwig and Powel Bretchko,” RF Circuit Design – Theory and Applications”,
Pearson Education Asia, First Edition.
REFERENCES 1. Joseph. J. Carr, “Secrets of RF Circuit Design”, McGraw Hill Publishers, Third Edition.
2. Ulrich L. Rohde and David P. New Kirk, “RF / Microwave Circuit Design”, John Wiley
& Sons USA, 2000.
3. Roland E. Best, “Phase - Locked Loops: Design, simulation and applications”, McGraw
Hill Publishers 5TH
4. Devendra K. Misra, “Radio Frequency and Microwave Communication Circuits –
Analysis and Design “John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
5. Jon B. Hagen, “Radio Frequency Electronics ", Cambridge university press, Cambridge,
1996.
6. James Hardy, “High Frequency Circuit Design ", Resto Publishing Co., New York, 1979.
7. Ian Hickman, “RF Handbook ", Butter Worth Heinemann Ltd., Oxford, 1993.
8. Ulrich L.Rohde, T.T.N.Bucher, “Communication Receivers ", McGraw-Hill, New York,
1998.
WAVELET THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
SYLLABUS
Introduction Stationary and non-stationary signals, Signal representation using basis and
frames, Brief introduction to Fourier transform and Short time Fourier transform, Time-
frequency analysis, Bases of time frequency: orthogonal, Filter banks, Multi resolution
formulation: Wavelets from filters, Classes of wavelets: Haar, Daubechies, bi-orthogonal.
Continuous Wavelet Transform Continuous wavelet transform (CWT), Time and frequency
resolution of the continuous wavelet transform, Construction of continuous wavelets: Spline,
orthonormal, bi-orthonormal, Inverse continuous wavelet transform, Redundancy of CWT,
Zoom property of the continuous wavelet transform, Filtering in continuous wavelet transform
domain.
Discrete Wavelet Transform And Filterbanks Orthogonal and bi-orthogonal two-channel
filter banks, Design of two-channel filter banks, Tree-structured filter banks, Discrete wavelet
transform, Non-linear approximation in the Wavelet domain, multi resolution analysis,
Construction and Computation of the discrete wavelet transform, the redundant discrete wavelet
transform.
Multi Resolution Analysis Multirate discrete time systems, Parameterization of discrete
wavelets, Bi-orthogonal wavelet bases, Two dimensional, wavelet transforms and Extensions to
higher dimensions, wave packets
Applications Signal and Image compression, Detection of signal changes, analysis and
classification of audio signals using CWT, Wavelet based signal de-noising and energy
compaction, Wavelets in adaptive filtering, Adaptive wavelet techniques in signal acquisition,
coding and lossy transmission, Digital Communication and Multicarrier Modulation, Trans
multiplexers , Image fusion, Edge Detection and object isolation.
TEXT BOOKS 1. A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing, 2nd edition, S. Mallat, Academic Press, 1999.
2. Wavelets and Sub band Coding, M. Vetterli and J. Kovacevic, Prentice Hall, 1995.
3. Wavelet transforms: Introduction, Theory and applications, Raghuveer rao and Ajit
S.Bopardikar, Pearson Education Asia, 2000.
REFERENCES 1. Fundamentals of Wavelets: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications, J.C. Goswami and
A.K. Chan, 2nd ed., Wiley, 2011.
2. Wavelets and their Applications, Michel Misiti, Yves Misiti, Georges Oppenheim, Jean-
Michel Poggi, John Wiley & Sons, 2010 .
3. A premier on Wavelets and their scientific applications, J S Walker, CRC press, 2002.
4. Wavelets and signal processing: An application based introduction, Stark, Springer, 2005.
5. A friendly guide to Wavelets, Gerald keiser, Springer, 2011.
6. Multirate Systems and Filter Banks, P. P. Vaidyanathan, Pearson Education, 2004.
7. Wavelets : from math too practice, Desanka.P.Radunovik, springer, 2009.
8. Insight into wavelets from theory to practice, K P Soman and KL Ramachandran, PHI,
2008.
ADVANCED EMBEDDED PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE
SYLLABUS
ARM Processor as System-on-Chip: Acorn RISC Machine – Architecture inheritance – ARM
programming model. 3 and 5 stage pipeline ARM organization – ARM instruction execution and
implementation – ARM Co-processor interface.
ARM Assembly Language Programming: ARM instruction types – data transfer, data
processing and control flow instructions – ARM instruction set – Co-processor instructions,
Thumb Instruction Set.
Architectural Support for System Development: Advanced Microcontroller bus architecture –
ARM memory interface – ARM reference peripheral specification – Hardware system
prototyping tools – ARMulator – Debug architecture.
ARM Processor Cores: ARM7TDMI, ARM8, ARM9TDMI, ARM10TDMI, the AMULET
Asynchronous ARM Processors- AMULET1
Embedded ARM Applications: The VLSI Ruby II Advanced Communication Processor, The
VLSI ISDN Subscriber Processor, The OneC™ VWS22100 GSM chip, The Ericsson-VLSI,
Bluetooth Baseband Controller, The ARM7500 and ARM7500FE.
Text Books: 1. ARM System on Chip Architecture – Steve Furber – 2nd ed., 2000, Addison Wesley
Professional.
2. Design of System on a Chip: Devices and Components – Ricardo Reis, 1st ed., 2004,
Springer
References: 1. Co-Verification of Hardware and Software for ARM System on Chip Design (Embedded
Technology) – Jason Andrews – Newnes, BK and CDROM
2 System on Chip Verification – Methodologies and Techniques –Prakash Rashinkar, Peter
Paterson and Leena Singh L, 2001, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS
SYLLABUS
Antenna Pattern Measurements: Basic Considerations, Pattern Formats, Fresnel Region
Measurements, Modeling Techniques.
Antenna Range Design and Evaluation: Introduction, Electromagnetic Design Consideration,
Antenna Range Evaluation.
Antenna Testing: Introduction, Types of Ranges: Elevated Ranges, Ground Ranges, Near Field
Ranges, Radar Cross Section Ranges.
Far Field Range Design: Introduction, Designing the Range, Source Design, Receiving Site
Design, Ground Ranges.
Far Field Antenna Tests: Introduction, Pattern Testing, Gain and Directivity, Polarization.
Far Field Pattern Errors: Introduction, Error Estimates, Error Correction, Antenna Errors.
Compact Ranges: Introduction, Room Design, Feed Design, Reflector Design.
Near Filed Testing: Introduction, Planar Near Field Ranges, Errors, Cylindrical and Spherical
Scanning.
TEXT BOOKS 1. Evans, Gray E," Antenna measurements techniques", Artech House, Inc
2. J S Hollis, T J Lyon, L Clayton," Microwave Antenna Measurements” , Scientific
Atlants, Inc
BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
SYLLABUS
Introduction To Biomedical Signals - Examples of Biomedical signals - ECG, EEG, EMG etc.,
Tasks in Biomedical Signal Processing - Computer Aided Diagnosis. Origin of bio potentials -
Review of linear systems - Fourier Transform and Time Frequency Analysis (Wavelet) of
biomedical signals- Processing of Random & Stochastic signals – spectral estimation –
Properties and effects of noise in biomedical instruments - Filtering in biomedical instruments.
Concurrent, Coupled and Correlated Processes - Illustration with case studies – Adaptive and
optimal filtering - Modeling of Biomedical signals - Detection of biomedical signals in noise -
removal of artifacts of one signal embedded in another -Maternal-Fetal ECG - Muscle-
contraction interference. Event detection - case studies with ECG & EEG - Independent
component Analysis - Cocktail party problem applied to EEG signals - Classification of
biomedical signals.
Cardio Vascular Applications : Basic ECG - Electrical Activity of the heart- ECG data
acquisition – ECG parameters & their estimation - Use of multi-scale analysis for ECG
parameters estimation - Noise & Artifacts- ECG Signal Processing: Baseline Wandering, Power
line interference, Muscle noise filtering – QRS detection - Arrhythmia analysis
Data Compression: Lossless & Lossy- Heart Rate Variability – Time Domain measures - Heart
Rhythm representation - Spectral analysis of heart rate variability - interaction with other
physiological signals.
Neurological Applications: The electroencephalogram - EEG rhythms & waveform -
categorization of EEG activity - recording techniques - EEG applications- Epilepsy, sleep
disorders, brain computer interface. Modeling EEG- linear, stochastic models – Non-linear
modeling of EEG - artifacts in EEG & their characteristics and processing – Model based
spectral analysis - EEG segmentation - Joint Time-Frequency analysis – correlation analysis of
EEG channels - coherence analysis of EEG channels.
TEXT BOOKS 1. D.C.Reddy ,“Biomedical Signal Processing: Principles and techniques” ,Tata McGraw
Hill, New Delhi, 2005
2. Willis J Tompkins , Biomedical Signal Processing -, ED, Prentice – Hall, 1993
REFERENCES BOOKS 1. R. Rangayan, “Biomedical Signal Analysis”, Wiley 2002.
2. Bruce, “Biomedical Signal Processing & Signal Modeling,” Wiley, 2001
3. Sörnmo, “Bioelectrical Signal Processing in Cardiac & Neurological Applications”,
Elsevier
4. Semmlow, “Bio-signal and Biomedical Image Processing”, Marcel Dekker
5. Enderle, “Introduction to Biomedical Engineering,” 2/e, Elsevier, 2005
EMI AND EMC
Syllabus
UNIT – I
EMI Environment: Sources of EMI, Conducted and Radiated EMI, Transient EMI, EMI –EMC
Definitions and Units of Parameters.
EMI Specifications/Standards/Limits: Units of specifications, Civilian Standards and Military
Standards
UNIT – II
EMI Control Techniques: Shielding, Filtering, Grounding, Bonding, Isolation Transformer,
Transient
Suppressors, Cable Routing, Signal control, Component Selection and mounting.
UNIT – III
EMC Design Guidelines: Typical Sub systems in Electronic Equipment, Transmitters, Receivers,
Antenna
Systems, Power Supplies, Motors, Control Devices, Digital Circuits, Digital Computers.
UNIT – IV
Choice of Passive Components for EMC: Capacitors, Inductors, Transformers, Resistors,
Conductors,
Ferrite Beads, Coaxial Connectors, Conductive Gaskets.
UNIT – V
EMI Measurements: EMI Test Instrument / Systems, EMI Test, EMI Shielded Chamber, Open
Area Test
Site, TEM cell Antennas
TEXT BOOKS:
1. V P Kodali, Engineering EMC Principles, Measurements and Technologies, IEEE press,
1996.
2. Bernard Kieser, Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility, Artech House 3rd Edition,
1986
IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING
SYLLABUS
Fundamentals of Image processing and Image Transforms: Basic steps of Image processing
system sampling and quantization of an Image – Basic relationship between pixels Image
Transforms: 2 – D Discrete Fourier Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete
Wavelet transforms.
Image Processing Techniques: Image Enhancement: Spatial Domain methods: Histogram
Processing, Fundamentals of Spatial Filtering, Smoothing Spatial filters, Sharpening Spatial
filters Frequency Domain methods: Basics of filtering in frequency domain, image smoothing,
image sharpening, selective filtering Image Segmentation: Segmentation concepts, point, line
and Edge detection, Thresholding, region based segmentation.
Image Compression Image compression fundamentals – coding Redundancy, spatial and
temporal redundancy. Compression models : Lossy and Lossless, Huffmann coding, Arithmetic
coding, LZW coding, run length coding, Bit Plane coding, transform coding, predictive coding ,
wavelet coding, JPEG standards.
Basic Steps of Video Processing: Analog video, Digital Video, Time varying Image Formation
models : 3D motion models, Geometric Image formation , Photometric Image formation,
sampling of video signals, filtering operations.
2-D Motion Estimation: Optical flow, general methodologies, pixel based motion estimation,
Block matching algorithm, Mesh based motion Estimation, global Motion Estimation, Region
based motion estimation, multi resolution motion estimation. Waveform based coding, Block
based transform coding, predictive coding, Application of motion estimation in video coding.
TEXT BOOKS 1. Gonzalez and Woods , “Digital Image Processing”, 3rd edition , Pearson
2. Yao wang, Joem Ostarmann and Ya – quin Zhang, “Video processing and
communication”, 1st edition, PHI.
REFERENCE TEXT BOOK 1. M. Tekalp, “Digital video Processing”, Prentice Hall International
SIMULATION TEXT BOOKS 1. Relf, Christopher G.,"Image acquisition and processing with LabVIEW", CRC press
2. Aner ozdemi R, "Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging with MATLAB Algorithms",
John Wiley & Sons.
3. Chris Solomon, Toby Breckon ,"Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing A Practical
Approach with Examples in Matlab", John Wiley & Sons.
MEMS MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
Syllabus
Introduction: Macro-Meso, Micro and Nanostructure of Materials, Fundamentals of
crystallography and
Crystal structures Optical Microscopy: Geometry of Optics, Resolution, and Construction of a
Microscope, Image Contrast, and Phase Contrast. Electron Microscopy: SEM: Electron Optics -
Interaction of Electrons and Matter - Elastic and Inelastic Scattering, Backscattered Electrons,
Secondary Electrons,
Materials For MEMS - Substrate and wafer, silicon as a substrate material, silicon compound,
silicon Piezo-resistors, Gallium Arsenide, quartz, Piezoelectric crystals, polymers:Polymide,SU-
8,Liquid Crystal Polymers, PDMS, PMMA, mechanical properties of polymers and packaging
Materials
Microscopy – Image Formation, magnification, and depth of field, distortion, detectors,
Contrast, and Resolution. TEM: Electron diffraction, different electron Diffraction techniques,
Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM): Construction and principle, Surface & optical profilometry,
Semiconductor Material Impurity Characterization: Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE), X-ray
Reflectivity (XRR), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Secondary Ion Mass
Spectrometry (SIMS), Auger Electron Spectrometry(AES), Rutherford Backscattering
Spectrometry, FTIR.
Electrical Characterization- Four-probe technique, Hall Effect, sheet resistance C-V
measurements, Carrier lifetime, impurity profiling, I-V measurements
Case Study- Optical characterization of MEMS cantilever, piezoelectric, capacitive, Magneto-
motive, piezo-resistive, dielectric gradient, Electro thermal actuation schemes for cantilever
sensors.
Reference Books:
1. Fundamentals of Micro Fabrication by Marc Madou
2. Microsystem Design by Stephen D.Senturia, Springer International Edition,2010
3. RF MEMS Theory, Design and Technology by Gabriel M.Rebeiz, Wiley India Pvt Ltd.
4. MEMS and Microsystems: Design and Manufacture by Tai-Ran Hsu, Tata McGraw
Hill,2002
5. The MEMS Handbook, Mohamed Gad-el-Hak, CRC Press, 2002.
6. Foundations of MEMS by Chang Liu, Pearson Publications
MOS CIRCUIT DESIGN
SYLLABUS
Introduction: Classification of CMOS digital circuits and Circuit design, Overview of VLSI
design methodologies, VLSI design flow, Design hierarchy and concepts, VLSI design styles,
Design quality, Packing technology, CAD technology, Fabrication process flow, CMOS n-well
process, layout design rules.
MOS Transistor and Circuit Modeling: MOS structure, MOS system under external bias,
structure and operation of MOS transistor, MOSFET current-voltage characteristics, MOSFET
scaling and small-geometry effects, MOSFET capacitances, Modeling of MOS transistor using
SPICE.
MOS Inverter static characteristics and Interconnect Effects: Introduction, Resistive-Load
Inverter, Inverter with n-type MOSFET load, CMOS Inverter, Delay-Time Definitions,
Calculation of Delay Times, Inverter Design with Delay Constraints, Estimation of Interconnect
Parasitics, Calculation of Interconnect Delay, Switching Power Dissipation of CMOS Inverters.
Combinational and Sequential MOS logic Circuits: Introduction, MOS logic circuits with
depletion nMOS loads, CMOS logic Circuits, Complex logic circuits, CMOS transmission gates
(Pass gates), Behavior of bi-stable elements, SR latch circuit, clocked latch and flip-flop circuits,
CMOS D-latch and Edge-triggered flip-flop.
Dynamic logic Circuits: Basic principles of pass transistor circuits, voltage bootstrapping,
synchronous dynamic circuit techniques, Dynamic CMOS circuit techniques, High-performance
dynamic CMOS circuits.
TEXT BOOKS 1. Sung-Mo Kang, Yusuf Leblebici, “CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits” TMH 2003
2. Neil H. E. Weste and David. Harris Ayan Banerjee,, “CMOS VLSI Design” - Pearson
Education, 1999.
REFERENCES 1. Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, Borivoje Nikolic, “Digital Integrated Circuits”
Pearson Education, 2003
2. Uyemura, “Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems” Wiley-India, 2006.
3. Wayne Wolf, “Modern VLSI Design ", 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 1998.
4. Kamran Ehraghian, Dauglas A. Pucknell and Sholeh Eshraghiam, “Essentials of VLSI
Circuits and Systems” – PHI, EEE, 2005 Edition.
SIMULATION BOOKS 1. Etienne Sicard, Sonia Delmas Bendhia, “Basics of CMOS Cell Design”, TMH, EEE,
2005.
SPEECH PROCESSING
SYLLABUS
Basic Concepts: Speech Fundamentals: Articulatory Phonetics – Production and Classification
of Speech Sounds; Acoustic Phonetics – acoustics of speech production; Review of Digital
Signal Processing concepts; Short-Time Fourier Transform, Filter-Bank and LPC Methods.
Speech Analysis: Features, Feature Extraction and Pattern Comparison Techniques: Speech
distortion measures – mathematical and perceptual – Log Spectral Distance, Cepstral Distances,
Weighted Cepstral Distances and Filtering, Likelihood Distortions, Spectral Distortion using a
Warped Frequency Scale, LPC, PLP and MFCC Coefficients, Time Alignment and
Normalization – Dynamic Time Warping, Multiple Time – Alignment Paths.
Speech Modeling: Hidden Markov Models: Markov Processes, HMMs – Evaluation, Optimal
State Sequence – Viterbi Search, Baum-Welch Parameter Re-estimation, and Implementation
issues.
Speech Recognition: Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition: Architecture of a large
vocabulary continuous speech recognition system – acoustics and language models – n-grams,
context dependent sub-word units; applications and present status.
Speech Synthesis: Text-to-Speech Synthesis: Concatenative and waveform synthesis methods,
sub-word units for TTS, intelligibility and naturalness – role of prosody, Applications and
present status.
TEXT BOOKS 1. Lawrence Rabinerand Biing-Hwang Juang, “Fundamentals of Speech Recognition”,
Pearson Education, 2003.
2. Daniel Jurafsky and James H Martin, “Speech and Language Processing – An
Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech
Recognition”, Pearson Education.
REFERENCES 1. Steven W. Smith, “The Scientist and Engineer’s Guide to Digital Signal Processing”,
California Technical Publishing.
2. Thomas F Quatieri, “Discrete-Time Speech Signal Processing – Principles and Practice”,
Pearson Education.
3. Claudio Becchetti and Lucio Prina Ricotti, “Speech Recognition”, John Wiley and Sons,
1999.
4. Ben gold and Nelson Morgan, “Speech and audio signal processing”, processing and
perception of speech and music, Wiley- India Edition, 2006 Edition.
5. Frederick Jelinek, “Statistical Methods of Speech Recognition”, MIT Press.
VLSI SYSTEM DESIGN
SYLLABUS
Design Methodology: Structured design techniques; Programmable logic; Gate array and sea of
gates design; cell based design; full custom design; Design flow; Design Economics.
Data path Subsystems: Adders; One/zero Detectors; Comparators; Counters; Shifters;
Multipliers; Power and Speed Trade-off.
Memory and Array Subsystems: SRAM, DRAM, ROM, Serial access memories; CAM, PLAs;
Array yield, reliability; Power dissipation in Memories.
Special-purpose Subsystems: Packaging; power distribution; I/O pads;
Interconnect: Interconnect parameters; Electrical wire models, capacitive parasitics; Resistive
parasitics; Inductive parasitic; Crosstalk; Advanced Interconnect Techniques.
Timing Issues: Timing classification; Synchronous design; Self-timed circuit design;
Clock Synthesis and Synchronization: Synchronizers; Arbiters; Clock Synthesis; PLLs; Clock
generation; Clock distribution; Synchronous Vs Asynchronous Design.
TEXT BOOKS 1.Neil H. E. Weste, David. Harris and Ayan Banerjee,, “CMOS VLSI Design” - Pearson
Education, Third Edition, 2004.
2.Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, Borivoje Nikolic, “Digital Integrated Circuits”
Pearson Education, Second Edition.
REFERENCES: 1. 1.Sung-Mo Kang, Yusuf Leblebici, “CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits” TMH, Third
Edition, 2003
2. Wayne Wolf, “Modern VLSI Design ", 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall,1998.
SIMULATION BOOKS 1. Etienne Sicard, Sonia Delmas Bendhia, “Basics of CMOS Cell Design”, TMH, EEE,
2005.
WIRELESS CELLULAR COMMUNICATION
SYLLABUS
Introduction to Cellular Mobile Systems: Cellular Mobile Telephone Systems, A Basic
Cellular System, Operation of Cellular Systems.
Elements of Cellular Mobile Radio System Design: General Description of the problem,
Concept of Frequency reuse channels, Co-Channel Interference Reduction Factor, Handoff
Mechanism, Cell Splitting.
Speech Coding for Wireless Systems Applications: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing
(DSP) Techniques in Wireless Telephone and Broadcast Systems, Speech Coding Techniques for
Audio and Voice – Pulse Code Modulation, DPCM, Delta Modulation, Vocoder and Linear
Predictive Coding, Performance Comparison of Speech Processing Techniques.
Radio Propagation and Cellular Engineering Concepts: Fundamental Radio Propagation and
System Concepts, Propagation Characteristics, Models of Multipath-faded radio signals – Un
modulated Carrier, Envelope and Phase faded, Level Crossing rate and fade Duration, Delay
Spread Measurements.
Digital Modulation-Demodulation (Modem) Principles and Architectures: Coherent Modem
– Baseband Modem Equivalence, Coherent and Differentially Coherent Binary Phase Shift
Keying Systems, Synchronization – Carrier Recovery and Symbol Timing Recovery, Differential
Encoding and Decoding Requirement, Quadrature Phase shift Keying – Coincident and offset
Types, Pi/4 DQPSK Modems – Architecture.
Interference In Wireless Digital Communication: Carrier-to-Interference and Carrier-to-Noise
Limited Systems, Co-channel Interference, Adjacent Channel Interference. Externally caused
Co-channel Interference, Definitions and performance of Spectral and Power Efficiency,
Relationship of the Bit-Energy to Noise-Density Ratio and the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio, Power
Efficiency and Bit-Error-Rate performance in an Additive White Gaussian Noise Environment,
Concepts of Diversity Branch and Signal paths; Combining and Switching Methods.
TEXT BOOKS
1. DR Kamilo Feher Wireless Digital Communications, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi –
1999
2. William Cy Lee, Mobile Cellular Telecommunications, 2nd Edition, MC Graw Hill.
K L University
Department of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Pre-Ph.D. Syllabus & Model Paper for VI Batch (admitted in 2013-14)
ADVANCED PHYSICAL METALLURGY
Phase rule, principles of construction and interpretation of binary phase
diagrams.Invariant reactions. Free energy composition diagrams, uses and limitations of phase
Diagrams, Equilibrium and non-equlibrium phases, important phase diagrams-Fe-C,Cu-Za,
Cu-Sn, Al-Si, Al-Cu, Ph-Sn. Sub-Sn, Ternary diagrams and interpretation ofStructures on
cooling.
Solidification: Solidification of pure metals, alloys and eutectic. Homogenous and
Heterogeneous nucleation, constitutional super cooling, segregation, porosity, Directional
solidification, microstructure of solidified metals, zone refining
Diffusion of metals-Fick’s law, mechanisms of diffusion, solutions to diffusion
Equations, diffusion in alloys, Kirkendalefect, Factors affecting, diffusion, grain Boundary
diffusion, applications.
Recovery, recrystallisation and grain-growth, strengthening mechanisms – grain
boundary strengthening, solid solution strengthening, deformation of two phase aggregates,
strengthening from fine particles, Fibers strengthening, Martensite -strengthening, strain
hardening, preferred orientation.
Fe-C diagram, Non-Ferrous phase diagrams- Advantages to predit structure and its properties,
TTT diagrams and its importance, What is solid solution and Humorothery rules, Structure and
mechanical property relation and mechanism of fracture of steels, Explain slip and twinning
and its importance in fracture of metals
Text books:
1. Physical Metallurgy - Sydney.H.Avner
2. Physical Metallurgy - V.Raghavan
3. Mechanical Metallurgy - George.E. Dieter
ADVANCED HEAT TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY AND FURNACES
Phase transformations in Fe-C system, Critical temperatures, Austenite grain size determination,
Importance of grain size and its determination, various grain size measuring methods.
T-T-T Curves. Effect of cooling on transformation of austinite, pearlite, bainite and martensite.
Annealing, normalizing, hardening and tempering of steels. Austempering . Martempering,
Patenting and spheroidizing.
Effect of alloying elements. Hardenability of steels. Factors affecting and its determination.
Thermo-mechanical treatments. Ausforming.
Surface hardening. Carburising, nitriding , cyaniding, carbonitriding. Induction and flame
hardening.
Heat Treatment Furnaces and atmospheres.Different heat treatment furnaces, description with
sketches, Importance of vacuum furnaces and material process , Specialized heat treatment
technology for aerospace metals or high strength metals like maraging steels. Importance of
accurate temperature for heat treatment of materials and importance of thermocouples, Special
heat treatment for Non-Ferrous Alloys, Different heat treatment processes for improving strength
and optimization of metallurgical structure.
Heat Treatment Equipment: Furnaces, salt bath equipment, fluidized bed equipment, vacuum
furnaces and auxiliary equipment, energy efficient furnace design and operation.
Process and quality control considerations: Temperature control, furnace atmosphere control,
control of surface carbon, evaluation of C control in processed parts, furnace safety
Heat treatment of Cast iron, tool steels, stainless steel and heat resistant alloys, non-ferrous
alloys: Al, Cu, Mg, Ti. Annealing of precious metals. Thermo mechanical processing of steels.
References:
1. Physical Metallurgy, V.Raghavan
2. Introduction to Physical Metallurgy, S.H.Avner
3. Physical Metallurgy Principles, R.E. Reed- Hill.
4. Physical Metallurgy for Engineers, Clark and Varney
ADVANCED THERMODYNAMICS
1. BASIC CONCEPTS: Thermodynamics - Temperature and zeroth law of thermodynamics-
first law of thermodynamics - limitations of first law - concept of internal energy – second law of
thermodynamics - concept of entropy.
2. THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONS : Introduction - Helmholtz free energy function -Gibbs
free energy function - co-efficient of volumetric expansion – isothermal compressibility -
differential relation for U, H, G & F - Maxwell relations.
3. GENERALIZED RELATIONS : - relations for
internal energy and enthalpy -the various Tds equation - clapeyron equation - gas tables -
enthalpy and internal energy - pressure ratio - volume ratio - change of entropy –Introduction to
third law of thermodynamics.
4. EXERGY : Introduction - availability of heat - availability of a closed system - availability
function of the closed system - availability of steady flow system - availability
function of open system.
5. IRREVERSIBILITY : Introduction - irreversibility for closed and open system - steady flow
process - effectiveness - second law analysis of the power plant.
6. NON RELATIVE GAS MIXTURES : Introduction - basic definitions for gas mixtures-
PVT relations ship for mixtures of ideal gases - properties of mixtures of ideal gases -entropy
change due to mixing - mixtures of perfect gases at different initial pressure and
temperatures.
7. GAS POWER CYCLES: Introduction - air standard cycles - Carnot cycle - Otto cycle -
diesel cycle - dual cycles - comparison between Otto, diesel, dual cycles - variations between the
air standard Otto cycle and actual cycle - Sterling cycle - Erickson cycle – Atkinson cycle - Bray
ton cycle - Lenoir cycle.
8. DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION : Introduction - thermoelectric converters - thermo-
ionic converters magneto hydrodynamics generators - solar power cells plant – fuel cells
hydrogen - hydrogen fuel cells - direct and indirect oxidation fuel cells- biochemical fuels cells.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Advanced Thermodynamics: Van Wyllan , TMGH
2. Engineering Thermodynamics: P.K.Nag, TMGH
3. Advanced Thermodynamics: Ray & Sarao, Central Publishers.
ADVANCED HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
Introduction - review of heat transfer Fundamentals - transient conduction and extended surface
Heat Transfer, Unsteady heat conduction. Lumped capacity model, awareness of one-
dimensional unsteady results (charts; Biot and Fourier numbers), Brief review of Steady Laminar
and Turbulent Heat Transfer in External and Internal Flows - Heat Transfer at High Speeds -
Unsteady Laminar and Turbulent Forced Convection in Ducts and on Plates - Convection with
body forces, Boundary layers and internal flows. Awareness of these configurations, some
knowledge of internal flow energy balances, Convection correlations. Finding heat transfer
coefficients from Reynolds numbers and Rayleigh numbers, Heat Exchangers. Typical
configurations and epsilon-NTU analysis, phase-change heat transfer. General awareness of
processes of condensation and boiling in a pure substance, some use of correlations, Quenching
of metals, Leidenfrost problem, heat transfer of sprays, jets and films, Radiation basics -
Radiation in Enclosures - Gas Radiation - Diffusion and Convective Mass Transfer - Combined
Heat and Mass Transfer from Plates and in Pipes.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Heat Transfer – A practical approach, Y. A. Cengel, Tata McGraw-Hill (2002)
2. Advanced Heat and Mass Transfer, A. Faghri, Y. Zhang, J. Howell, Global Digital Press
(2010)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. A Heat Transfer Text Book, J. H. Lienhard iv, and J. H. Lienhard V, Phlogiston Press (2008)
2. Heat and Mass Transfer, H. D. Baehr, and K. Stephan, Springer-Verlag (1998)
3. Heat transfer, F. M. White, Addision-Wesley (1984)
4. Basic heat and mass transfer, K. C. Rolle, Prentice-Hall (2000)
5. Heat transfer, A. Bejan, John Wiley & Sons (1993)
COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION: Definition of Automation, Type of Automation, Reason for
Automating, Automation Strategies, production concepts, Merits and Demerits of Automation.
NUMERICAL CONTROL: Introduction, Need of Numerical Control, Basic Components of an
NC systems, Types of NC systems, Problems with Conventional NC, Direct Numerical Control,
Computer Numerical Control.
Group technology: Role of group technology in CAD/CAM integration, Methods for
developing part families, Classification and coding- MICLASS, OPITZ, CODE systems, Facility
design using group technology, Benefits of G.T., Cellular Manufacturing.
FMS: Components of FMS, Types of FMS, FMS workstation, Material Handling and Storage
Systems, FMS Layout, Computer control system, Application and Benefits. FUNDAMENTALS
OF CAD/CAM: Computer Aided Design-Application of computers in design, a typical CAD
system; Computer aided manufacturing, manufacturing planning and control, Computer
Integrated manufacturing.
COMPUTERIZED MANUFACTURING PLANNING SYSTEMS: Computer aided process
planning- Retrieval CAPP, Generative CAPP; Benefits of CAPP., Computer integrated
production planning systems, Material requirements planning - Fundamental concepts in MRP,
Inputs to the MRP system, Benefits of MRP.
SHOP FLOOR CONTROL AND AUTOMATIC identification techniques: shop floor
control, Factory Data collection systems, Automatic Identification systems, Bar code technology,
automated data collection systems.
THE FUTURE AUTOMATED FACTORY: Trends in manufacturing, the future Automated
Factory, Human workers in the future automated Factory, The social impact.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mikell.P.Groover “Automation, Production Systems and computer integrated
manufacturing”, Pearson Education, 2007.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Mikell.P.Groover and Emory Zimmers Jr., “CAD/CAM”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.,
2008.
2. David D.Bedworth, Mark R.Hendersan, Phillip M.Wolfe “Computer Integrated Design and
Manufacturing”, McGraw-Hill Inc.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
UNIT-I
Basic Principles Equilibrium equations; Strain-displacement relations; linear constitutive relations; Principle
virtual work; Principle of stationary potential energy
UNIT-II
Element Properties Different types of elements; Displacement models; Relation between nodal degrees of freedom
and generalized coordinates; Convergence requirements; Compatibility requirement; Geometric
invariance; Natural coordinate systems; Shape functions; Element strains and stresses; Element
stiffness matrix; Element nodal load vector. Isoparametric elements – Definition, Two-
dimensional isoparametric elements – Jacobian transformation, Numerical integration
UNIT-II
Direct Stiffness method and Solution Technique Assemblage of elements–Obtaining Global stiffness matrix and Global load vector; Governing
equilibrium equation for static problems; Storage of Global stiffness matrix in banded and
skyline form; Incorporation of boundary conditions; Solution to resulting simultaneous equations
by Gauss elimination method
UNIT-IV
Plane-stress and Plane-strain analysis Solving plane stress and plane-strain problems using constant strain triangle and four nodded
isoparametric element
UNIT-V
Analysis of plate bending Basic theory of plate bending; Shear deformation plates; Plate bending analysis using four noded
isoparametric elements
Text Books: 1. Introduction to Finite Elements in Engineering by R.T. Chandrupatla and A.D. Belegundu,
Prentice Hall of India, 1997.
Reference Books: 1. Finite Element Analysis by Abel and Desai, New Age Publishers, 2007.
2. Finite Element Analysis: Theory and Programming by C. S. Krishnamoorthy, Tata McGraw-
Hill, 1995
3. Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis by K. J. Bathe, Prentice Hall Inc., 1996.
4. The Finite Element Method by O.C. Zienkiewicz, and R.L.Taylor, McGraw – Hill, 1987.
NUMERICAL METHODS
UNIT-I
Numerical Differentiation and Integration
Introduction, Numerical Differentiation, Numerical Integration, Euler-Maclaurin Formula,
Adaptive Quadrature Methods, Gaussian Integration, Singular Integrals, Fourier Integrals,
Numerical Double Integration
UNIT-II
Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations
Introduction, Solution by Taylor’s Picard’s Method, Euler’s Method, Runge-Kutta Methods,
Predictor-Corrector Methods, the Cubic Spline Method, Simultaneous and Higher Order
Equations, Boundary Value Problems: Finite-Difference Method, The Shooting Method,
UNIT-III
Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations
Introduction, Finite-Difference Approximations, Laplace’s Equation: Jacobi’s Method,
Gauss-Seidel Method, SOR Method, ADI Method, Parabolic Equations, Iterative Methods,
Hyperbolic Equations.
UNIT-IV
System of Linear Algebraic Equations
Introduction, Solution of Centro-symmetric Equations, Direct Methods, LU- Decomposition
Methods, Iterative Methods, III-conditioned Linear Systems.
UNIT-V
The Finite Element Method: Functionals- Base Function Methods of Approximation- The
Rayleigh –Ritz Method –The Galerkin Method, Application to two dimensional problems- Finite
element Method for one and two dimensional problems.
Reference Books:
1. Niyogi, Pradip, “Numerical Analysis and Algorithms”, Tata McGraw –Hill
2. Balagurusamy,E., “Numerical Methods”, Tata McGraw –Hill
3. Sastry, S.S., “Introduction Methods of Numerical Analysis”, PHI
4. Chapra, S.C. and Canale, R.P., “Numerical Methods for Engineers”, Tata McGraw –Hill
MECHATRONICS
UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS: Introduction, Elements of Mechatronic system,
Applications. SENSORS AND TRASDUCERS: Introduction, Classification of Sensors,
selection of sensors. Classification of transducers - strain gauges, displacement transducers,
capacitive and inductive transducers, LVDT, piezoelectric, potentiometric, velocity transducers,
temperature transducers, optical transducers.
UNIT – II
SIGNAL CONDITIONING: Introduction, data acquisition –Quantizing theory, Analog to
Digital conversion, Digital to Analog conversion.
DATA PRESENTATION SYSTEMS: Data presentation elements, Data acquisition systems,
systems measurement, Testing and calibration.
UNIT – II1
ACTUATION SYSTEMS: Pneumatic and hydraulic actuation systems, Stepper Motors.
SYSTEM MODELS: Modeling of one and two degrees of freedom Mechanical, Electrical, fluid
and thermal systems.
UNIT – IV
CLOSED LOOP CONTROLERS: Continuous and discrete processes, control modes, Two-step,
proportional, Derivative, integral, PID controllers.
DIGITAL LOGIC: Logic gates, Boolean algebra, Karnaugh maps.
UNIT – V
PLC: Introduction, basic structure, I/P ,O/P processing, programming, ladder diagrams, Timers,
Internal relays and counters ,data handling, Analogue Input and Output, selection of a PLC.
DESIGN: Mechatronics system Design, possible design solutions.
CASE STUDY: pick and place Robot, CNC Machine.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. W.Bolton, ”Mechatronics: Electronic Control Systems in Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering”, 3rd Edition, Pearson education,2007.
2. David G. Alciatore, Michael B. Histand ,” Introduction to mechatronics and measurement
systems”, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2002.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. A.K.Sawhney, "A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation"-
Dhanpat Rai & Sons - 1991.
2. Nitaigour Premchand Mahalik, “Mechatronics”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2003.
3. HMT Limited, “Mechatronics”, McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Ltd, 2000.
T.G. Beckwith & N.L.Buck, “Mechanical Measurements”, 3rd Edition, Addison-Wesley
MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Unit – I Basic concepts and characteristics: Geometric and Physical definitions, natural and
man-made composites, Aerospace and structural applications, types and classification of
composites,
Unit – II Reinforcements: Fibres- Glass, Silica, Kevlar, carbon, boron, silicon carbide, and born
carbide fibres. Particulate composites, Polymer composites, Thermoplastics, Thermosetts, Metal
matrix and ceramic composites.
Unit – III Micromechanics: Unidirectional composites, constituent materials and properties,
elastic properties of a lamina, properties of typical composite materials, laminate characteristics
and configurations. Characterization of composite properties.
Unit – IV Coordinate transformations: Hooke’s law for different types of materials, Hooke’s
law for two dimensional unidirectional lamina, Transformation of stress and strain, Numerical
examples of stress strain transformation, Graphic interpretation of stress – strain relations. Off -
axis, stiffness modulus, off - axis compliance.
Unit – V Elastic behavior of unidirectional composites: Elastic constants of lamina, relation
ship between engineering constants and reduced stiffness and compliances, analysis of laminated
composites, constitutive relations.
Unit – VI Strength of unidirectional lamina: Micro mechanics of failure, Failure mechanisms,
Strength of an orthotropic lamina, Strength of a lamina under tension and shear maximum stress
and strain criteria, application to design. The failure envelope, first ply failure, free-edge effects.
Micro mechanical predictions of elastic constants.
Unit – VII Analysis of laminated composite plates
Introduction, thin plate theory, specially orthotropic plate, cross and angle ply laminated
plates, problems using thin plate theory.
Unit – VIII Manufacturing methods: Autoclave, tape production, moulding methods, filament
winding, man layup, pultrusion, RTM.
Reference Books:
1. R. M. Jones, Mechanics of Composite Materials, Mc Graw Hill Company, New York.
2. Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials by Isaac and M.Daniel, Oxford University
Press.
3. B. D. Agarwal and L. J. Broutman, Analysis and performance of fibre Composites, Wiley-
Interscience, New York.
4. L. R. Calcote, Analysis of Laminated Composite Structures, Van Nostrand Rainfold,
New York.
ROBOTICS
UNIT-I
Introduction to Robotics, Major components of a Robot, Robotic like devices, Classification of
Robots – Classification by coordinate system and by control method, Specifications of Robots,
Fixed versus flexible automation, economic analysis.
UNIT-II
ROBOT END EFFECTORS: Introduction, end effectors, interfacing, types of end effectors,
grippers and tools, considerations in the selection and design of remote centered devices.
UNIT-III
ROBOTIC SENSORY DEVICES: Objective, Non-Optical position sensors – Potentiometers,
Synchros, inductosyn, optical position sensors – opto interrupters, Optical encoders (absolute &
incremental).
PROXIMITY SENSORS: Contact type, non-contact type – reflected light scanning laser
sensors.
TOUCH & SLIP SENSORS: Touch sensors – proximity Rod & Photo detector sensors, Slip
sensors –Forced oscillation slip sensor, interrupted type slip sensors, force and torque sensors.
UNIT-IV
TRANSFORMATIONS AND KINEMATICS: Objectives, homogeneous coordinates, basic
transformation operations, forward solution – Denavit Hartenberg procedure, Simple problems
involving planar manipulators, inverse or backward solution – problems involved, techniques.
Introduction to Trajectory Planning, the manipulator jacobian.
UNIT-V
ROBOT APPLICATIONS: Industrial Applications – Material Transfer, material handling,
Loading and unloading, processing, spot and continuous arc welding, spray painting, grinding,
Assembly and Inspection and Non-Industrial Applications.
ROBOT LANGUAGES: Introduction, AL, AML, VAL, RAIL
TEXT BOOK:
1. Robotic engineering by Richard D. Klafter (PHI)
2. Industrial robotics by Mikell P.Groover, (MGH)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Robotics – John J. Ceaig (AWL)
2. Robotics – K.S. Fu, Gonzalez & Lee (MGH)
3. Robotics For Engineers by YoramKkoren (MGH)
4. Introduction to Robot Technology, - P.Coiffet and M.Chairenze / Kogam Page Ltd. 1983
London.
STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
UNIT-I Equation of Motions, Problem Statement, Solution Methods of Single Degree of
Freedom Systems (SDOF) Basic concepts of structural dynamics; single degree of freedom
system, force displacement relationship, damping force, equation of motion, mass-spring-damper
system, methods of solution of differential equation.
UNIT-II Free Vibration (SDOF): Undamped free vibration, viscously damped free vibration,
energy in free vibration.
Response to Harmonic and Periodic Excitations (SDOF) Harmonic vibration of undamped systems, Harmonic vibration with viscous damping, response
to vibration generator, natural frequency and damping from harmonic test, force transmission
and vibration isolation, vibration measuring instruments, energy dissipated in viscous damping.
Response to periodic force.
UNIT-III Response to Arbitrary, Step And Pulse Excitations (SDOF) Response to unit impuse, response to arbitrary force, step force, ramp force, response to pulse
excitations, solution methods, effects of viscous damping.Numerical Evaluation of Dynamic
Response (SDOF)Time stepping methods, methods based on interpolation of excitation, central
difference method, newmark’s method, stability and computational error, analysis of nonlinear
response by newmark’s method.Earthquake Response to Linear Systems (SDOF)Earthquake
excitation, equation of motion, response quantities, response history, response spectrum concept,
deformation, pseudo-velocity and pseudo acceleration response spectra, peak structural response
from the response spectrum, response spectrum characteristics, elastic design spectrum,
comparison and distinction between design and response spectra.
UNIT-IV Generalised Single Degree of Freedom Systems Generalised SDOF systems, rigid body assemblages, systems with distributed mass and
elasticity, lumped mass system-shear building, natural vibration frequency by Rayleigh’s
method.Multi -degree of freedom systems (MDOF) Equation of motions: simple system-two
storey shear building, general approach for linear systems, static condensation, symmetric plan
systems: ground motion. Multiple support excitation, methods of solving the equation of
motions.
UNIT-V Free Vibration (MDOF) Natural frequencies and modes: systems without damping,
modal and spectral matrices, orthogonality of modes, normalization of modes. Solution of
undamped free vibration systems, solution methods for eigenvalue problem.
Text Books: 1. Dynamics of structures by Anil K Chopra; Prentice-Hall of India Limited, New Delhi.3rd
edition 2006.
2. Dynamics of Structures by R.W. Clough and P.E. Penzien, McGraw-Hill. 1st edition 1975
Reference Books: 1. Structural Dynamics for Structural Engineers by G. C. Hart & K. Wang; John Wiley & Sons.
1st edition 1991
2. Structural Dynamics by Mario Paz, CBS Publishers.1st edition 1991.
DESIGN OF THERMAL SYSTEMS
Modeling of Thermal Systems: types of models, mathematical modeling, curve fitting, linear
algebraic systems, numerical model for a system, system simulation, methods for numerical
simulation; Acceptable Design of a Thermal System: initial design, design strategies, design of
systems from different application areas, additional considerations for large practical systems;
Economic Considerations: calculation of interest, worth of money as a function of time, series of
payments, raising capital, taxes, economic factor in design, application to thermal systems;
Problem Formulation for Optimization: optimization methods, optimization of thermal systems,
practical aspects in optimal design, Lagrange multipliers, optimization of constrained and
unconstrained problems, applicability to thermal systems; search methods: single-variable
problem, multivariable constrained optimization, examples of thermal systems; geometric, linear,
and dynamic programming and other methods for optimization, knowledge-based design and
additional considerations, professional ethics. Optimization, Objective function formulation,
Constraint equations, Mathematical formulation, Calculus method, Dynamic programming,
Geometric programming, linear programming methods, solution procedures. Equation fitting,
Empirical equation, best fit method, method of least squares. Modeling of thermal equipments
such as turbines, compressors, pumps, heat exchangers, evaporators and condensers
TEXT BOOKS:
1. W.F. Stoecker, Design of Thermal Systems - McGraw-Hill
2. Y. Jaluria, Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems –CRC Press
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Bejan, G. Tsatsaronis, M.J. Moran, Thermal Design and Optimization – Wiley.
2. R F Boehm, Developments in Design of Thermal Systems – Cambridge University Press.
3. NV Suryanarayana, Design & Simulation of Thermal Systems – MGH.
K L University
Department of CSE
Pre-Ph.D. Syllabus & Model Paper for VI Batch (admitted in 2013-14)
ADVANCED DATA STRUCTURES
Syllabus
UNIT-I
Introduction: Algorithms, algorithms as a technology, Analyzing algorithms , Designing
algorithms, Asymptotic notations, standard notations, common functions, Recurrences –
substitution method, master method. Sorting and order statistics: Merge sort, Quick sort, Heap
sort, sorting in linear time, Median and order statistics.
UNIT-II
Data structures: Elementary Data Structures – Linked lists, Stacks, Queues, Hash Tables –
Direct address tables, Hash tables, Hash functions, Open addressing, Search Trees – Binary
search trees, Red-Black Trees. Advanced Data Structures: B – Trees, Binomial Heaps,
Fibonacci Heaps, Data Structures for Disjoint Sets
UNIT-III
Graph Algorithms: Elementary graph algorithms – Representation of graphs, BFS, DFS,
Topological Sort, Strongly connected components, Minimum Spanning Trees – The algorithms
of Kruskal and Prim’s. Single-Source Shortest Paths: The Bellman-Ford algorithm, Single source
shortest paths in DAG’s, Dijkstra’s algorithm, All-Pair Shortest paths – Shortest paths and
Matrix multiplication, Floyd-Warshall algorithm. Maximum Flow: Flow networks, The Ford-
Fulkerson method, Maximum Bipartite matching.
UNIT-IV
Advanced Design and Analysis Techniques: Greedy Algorithms – An activity – selection
Problem, Elements of greedy strategy, Huffman codes. Dynamic Programming: Matrix Chain
multiplication, Elements of dynamic programming, Optimal Binary Search Trees.
UNIT-V
String Matching: The naïve string matching algorithm, Rabin-Karp algorithm, Knuth-Morris-
Pratt algorithm. NP-Completeness: Polynomial time, Verification, NP-Completeness and
reducibility, NP-Completeness proofs, NP-Complete problems.
Textbooks:
1. Introduction to Algorithms, second edition, T.H.Cormen, C.E.Leiserson,R.L.Rivest, and
C.Stein,PHI Pvt.Ltd./ Pearson Education
Reference Books:
1. Algorithm Design: Foundations,Analysis and Internet examples, M.T.Goodrich and
R.Tomassia,John wiley and sons.
2. Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms,Ellis Horowitz,Satraj Sahni and
S.Rajasekharam,Galgotia publications pvt. Ltd.
3. Introduction to Design and Analysis of Algorithms A strategic approach, R.C.T.Lee,
S.S.Tseng, R.C.Chang and T.Tsai, Mc Graw Hill.
4. Data structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++, Allen Weiss, Second edition, Pearson
education.
5. Design and Analysis of algorithms, Aho, Ullman and Hopcroft, Pearson education.
ADVANCES IN COMPUTING
Syllabus
UNIT I:
Grid Computing: Data & Computational Grids, Grid Architectures and its relations to various
Distributed Technologies. Autonomic Computing, Examples of the Grid Computing Efforts
(IBM)
UNIT II:
Cluster Computing 1: Cluster setup & its Administration, Performance Models & Simulations;
Networking, Protocols & I/O, Lightweight Messaging systems, Active Messages
UNIT III:
Cluster Computing 2: Distributed shared memory, parallel I/O Clusters, Jib and Resource
management system, scheduling parallel jobs on clusters
UNIT IV:
Cluster Computing 3: Load sharing and Fault tolerance manager, parallel programming
scheduling techniques, Dynamic load balancing, Example Cluster System – Beowlf, COMPaS
and NanOS
UNIT V:
Pervasive Computing : Pervasive Computing concepts & Scenarios, Hardware & Software,
Human - machine interface Device connectivity, Java for Pervasive devices, Application
examples, Quantum Computing : Introduction to Quantum Computing, QUbits, Quantum
Mechanics, Quantum gates, Applications of quantum computing.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. J. Joseph & C. Fellenstein, Grid Computing, PEA.
2. Raj Kumar Buyya, High performance cluster computing, PEA.
3. J.Burkhardt et .al, Pervasive computing, PEA.
4. Vishal Sahni, Quantum computing, TMH.
5. Marivesar, Approaching quantum computing, PEA.
6. Neilsen & Chung L, Quantum computing and Quantum Information, Cambridge University
Press.
7. A networking approach to Grid Computing , Minoli, Wiley.
COMPUTER NETWORKS
SYLLABUS
UNIT I
Introduction: OSI, TCP/IP and other networks models, Examples of Networks: Novell Networks,
Arpanet, Internet, Network Topologies WAN, LAN, MAN. Physical Layer : Transmission media
copper, twisted pair wireless, switching and encoding asynchronous communications; Narrow
band, broad band ISDN and ATM.
UNIT-II
Network Layer: Virtual circuit and Datagram subnets-Routing algorithm shortest path routing,
Flooding,
Hierarchical routing, Broad cast, Multi cast, distance vector routing.
UNIT–III
Dynamic routing – Broadcast routing. Rotary for mobility. Congestion, Control Algorithms –
General
Principles – of Congestion prevension policies. Internet working: The Network layer in the
internet and in the ATM Networks.
UNIT–IV
Transport Layer: Transport Services, Connection management, TCP and UDP protocols; ATM
AAL
Layer Protocol.
UNIT – V
Application Layer – Network Security, Domain name system, SNMP, Electronic Mail; the
World WEB, Multi Media.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Computer Networks — Andrew S Tanenbaum, 4th Edition. Pearson Education/PHI
2. Data Communications and Networking – Behrouz A. Forouzan.Third Edition TMH.
REFERENCES:
1. An Engineering Approach to Computer Networks-S.Keshav, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education
2. Understanding communications and Networks, 3rd Edition, W.A. Shay, Thomson
DATA CENTRE VIRTUALIZATION
Syllabus
Unit I
Data Center Challenges: How server, desktop, network Virtualization and cloud computing
reduce data centre footprint, environmental impact and power requirements by driving server
consolidation; Evolution of Data Centres: The evolution of computing infrastructures and
architectures from stand alone servers to rack optimized blade servers and unified computing
systems (UCS).
Unit II
Enterprise-level Virtualization: Provision, monitoring and management of a virtual datacenter
and multiple enterprise-level virtual servers and virtual machines through software management
interfaces; Networking and Storage in Enterprise Virtualized Environments: Connectivity to
storage area and IP networks from within virtualized environments using industry standard
protocols.
Unit III
Virtual Machines & Access Control: Virtual machine deployment, modification, management.
monitoring and migration methodologies.
Unit IV
Resource Monitoring: Physical and virtual machine memory, CPU management and abstraction
techniques using a hypervisor.
Unit V
Virtual Machine Data Protection: Backup and recovery of virtual machines using data
recovery techniques; Scalability: Scalability features within Enterprise virtualized environments
using advanced management applications that enable clustering, distributed network switches for
clustering, network and storage expansion; High Availability : Virtualization high availability
and redundancy techniques.
Reference Books:
1. Mickey Iqbal 2010, IT Virtualization Best Practices: A Lean, Green Virtualized Data
Center Approach, MC Press [ISBN: 978-1583473542]
2. Mike Laverick, VMware vSphere 4 Implementation [ISBN: 978-0071664523]
3. Jason W. McCarty, Scott Lowe, Matthew K. Johnson, VMware vSphere 4 Administration
Instant Reference [ISBN: 978-0470520727]
4. Brian Perry, Chris Huss, Jeantet Fields, VCP VMware Certified Professional on vSphere 4
Study Guide [ISBN: 978-0470569610]
5. Brian Perry, Chris Huss, Jeantet Fields, VCP VMware Certified Professional on vSphere 4
Study Guide [ISBN: 978-0470569610]
6. Jason Kappel, Anthony Velte, Toby Velte, Microsoft Virtualization with Hyper-V: Manage
Your Datacenter with Hyper-V, Virtual PC, Virtual Server, and Application Virtualization
[ISBN: 978-0071614030]
DATA WAREHOUSING & DATA MINING
UNIT – I
The compelling need for data warehousing: Escalating need for strategies information, Failures
of Past Decision-Supporting System, Operational Versus Decision-Supporting System, Data
Warehousing- The only Viable Solution, data Warehouse Defined. The Building Blocks:
Defining Features, Data Warehouse and Data Marts, Overview of the Components, Metadata in
the Data Warehouse. Planning and Planning Management: Planning your Data Warehousing,
The Data Warehouse Project, The project team, Project Management Considerations. Defining
the Business Requirement: Dimension Analysis, Information Package- A New Concept,
Requirements Gathering Methods, Requirements Definition: Scope and content. Requirements as
the Driving force for Data Warehousing: Data Design, The Architectural Plan, Data Storage
Specification, and Information Delivery Strategy.
UNIT – II
The Architectural Component: Understanding Data Warehouse Architecture, Distinguishing
Characteristics, Architectural framework, Technical Architecture. Infrastructure as the
Foundation for Data Warehousing: Infrastructure Support Architecture, Hardware
Operational System, Database Software, Collection of Tools. The Significant Role of
Metadata: Why Metadata is Important, Metadata Types by Functional Areas, Business
Metadata, How to Provide Metadata. Principles of Dimensional Modeling: From
Requirement to Data Design, The STAR Schema, STAR Schema keys, Advantages of STAR
Schema. Dimensional Modeling: Updates to the Dimensional Tables, Miscellaneous
Dimensions, The Snowflake Schema, Aggregate Fact Tables, and Families of STARS. Data
Extraction, Transformation, and Loading. OLAP in the Data Warehouse: Demand for Online
Analytical Processing, Major Features and Functions, OLAP Models, OLAP Implementation
Consideration
UNIT – III
Introduction : Data mining, kinds of data mined, kinds of patterns mined, technologies used:
statistics, Machine learning, Database systems and Data Warehousing, Information Retrieval,
Major issues in Data Mining: Mining methodology, User Interaction, Efficiency and
Scalability, Diversity and database types, Data Mining & society.
UNIT – IV
Data Preprocessing: Overview, Data cleaning, Data Integration, Data Reduction, Data
Transformation, Data cleaning: Missing Values, Noisy data, Data cleaning as a process. Data
Integration: Entity identification problem, Redundancy and Correlation Analysis, Tuple
duplication, Data value conflict detection and Resolution. Data Reduction: Overview,
wavelet transforms, Principle components Analysis, Attribute subset selection, Regression
and log-linear models, Histograms, clustering, sampling, Data cube Aggregation. Data
Transformation and Data Discretization by Binning, Discretization by Histogram Analysis,
Discretization by cluster, Decision Tree and correlation Analysis, concept Hierarchy
generation for Nominal data.
UNIT – V
Mining Frequent Patterns, Association and Correlations: Basic Concepts, Frequent itemset
Mining methods: Apriori Algorithm, Generate Association rules from Frequent itemsets,
Improving the efficiency of Apriori, A pattern-growth approach for mining frequent itemsets,
using frequent itemset using Vertical data format, Mining closed and max. patterns. Pattern
Evaluation Methods, Advanced Pattern Mining: A Road map, Pattern mining in Multilevel,
Multidimensional space, Constraint Based Frequent Mining, Classification: Basic Concepts,
Decision Tree induction, Bayes Classification Method, Rule based Classification, Model
evaluation & selection, techniques to improve classification accuracy. Classification
Advanced Methods: Bayesian Belief networks, Classification by Back Propagation, Support
Vector Method, Classification using frequent Patterns, lazy learners, other classification
methods. Cluster Analysis: Basic Concepts & Methods, Cluster Analysis, partitioning
methods, Hierarchical Methods, Density based Methods, Grid based Methods, Evaluation of
Clustering. Advanced Cluster Analysis: Probabilistic Model based Clustering, Clustering
High Dimensional Data, Clustering Graph & Network data, Clustering & Constraints.
Textbooks:
1. Data warehousing fundamentals, first edition, paulraj ponniah, Wiley.
2. Data Mining Concept & Techniques, Jiawei Han|Micheline Kamber|Jian Pei, 3rd Edition,
M K Publishers.
Reference Books:
1.Data Warehousing in the real world, low price edition, Sam Anahory, Dennis Murray,
Pearson Education.
2. Data warehousing Tool kit
3. Data Mining Techniques: For Marketing, Sales, and Customer Relationship Management
by Gordon S. Linoff and Michael J. Berry (Apr 12, 2011).
4. Data Mining: A Tutorial Based Primer by Richard Roiger and Michael Geatz (Oct 6,
2002).
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Syllabus
UNIT I:
Introduction: Digital Image Processing, Fundamental steps in Digital Image Processing,
Components of an Image Processing System. Digital Image Fundamentals: Visual Perception,
Image sensing & Acquisition, Image Sampling & Quantization, Some Basic Relationships
between Pixels.
UNIT II:
Image Enhancement in the Spatial Domain: Some basic Gray level Transformations, Histogram
Processing, Enhancement using Arithmetic/Logic Operations, Spatial Filtering, Smoothing
Spatial Filters, Sharpening Spatial Filters, Combining Spatial Enhancement methods.
UNIT III:
Image Enhancement in the Frequency Domain: Fourier Transform and the Frequency Domain,
Smoothing Frequency-Domain Filters, Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters, Homomorphism
Filtering, Implementation.
UNIT IV:
Image Restoration: Image Degradation/Restoration Process, Linear, Position-Invariant
Degradations, Inverse Filtering, Minimum, Mean Square Error (Wiener) Filtering, Constrained
Least Squares Filtering. Wavelets and MultiResolution Processing : MultiResolution
Expansions, Wavelet Transforms in One dimension, The Fast Wavelet Transform, Wavelet
Transforms in Two Dimensions.
UNIT V:
Image Compression: Image Compression Models, Error-Free Compression, Lossy Compression,
Image Compression Standards. Image Segmentation: Detection of Discontinuities, Edge Linking
and Boundary Detection, Thresholding, Region-Based Segmentation.
Text Book:
1.Rafael C.Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods; “Digital Image Processing ‘ Addison Wesley
Pubs(Second Edition),2007.
Reference Books :
1. Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac, Roger Boyle Image Processing. Analysis, and Machine
Vision(Second Edition,2003).
2. A.K.Jain, ‘Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing’ PHI,`1999.
DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
Syllabus
Unit I: Introduction to distributed programming: Anatomy of a Distributed Application,
Requirements for Developing Distributed Applications, What Does Java Provide?
Introduction to sockets programming: Sockets and Streams, URLs, URL Connections, and
Content Handlers, The Class Loader.
Unit II: Distributing Objects: Why Distribute Objects, What's So Tough About Distributing
Objects?, Features of Distributed Object Systems, Distributed Object Schemes for Java,
CORBA, Java RMI, RMI vs. CORBA Threads: Thread and Runnable, Making a Thread,
Managing Threads at Runtime, Networked Threads
Unit III: Security: Security Issues and Concerns, The java.security Package, Identities and
Access Control, Keys: Public, Private, and Secret, Digital Signatures, Data Encryption, Choosing
a Cryptographic Algorithm. Message-Passing Systems: Messages Defined, Why Do We Need
Messages?, Message Processing, Fixed Protocols, Adaptable Protocols, Message Passing with
Java Events, Using Remote Objects Databases: An Overview of JDBC, Remote Database
Applications, Multi-Database Applications.
Unit IV: RMI: The Basic Structure of RMI, The Architecture Diagram Revisited, Implementing
the Basic Objects, The Rest of the Server, The Client Application The RMI Registry: Why Use a
Naming Service? The RMI Registry, The RMI Registry Is an RMI Server, Examining the
Registry, Limitations of the RMI Registry, Security Issues Naming Services: Basic Design,
Terminology, and Requirements, Requirements for Our Naming Service, Federation and
Threading, The Context Interface, The Value Objects, ContextImpl, Switching Between Naming
Services, The Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) The RMI Runtime: Reviewing the
Mechanics of a Remote Method Call, Distributed Garbage Collection, RMI's Logging Facilities,
Other JVM Parameters
Unit V: Service Oriented Architecture: Introduction, Defining a Service, Defining SOA,
Identifying Service Candidates, Identifying Different Kinds of Services, Modeling Services,
Making a Service Composable, Supporting Your SOA Efforts, Selecting a Pilot Project,
Establishing Governance. Introduction to Web Services: Introduction, Using Publicly Available
Web Services to Test Against, Installing Metro, Installing Oracle WebLogic, Creating and
Deploying the Simplest Web Service, Creating and Deploying a Service to WebLogic, Setting
Up a Maven 2 Service and Client Project, Understanding WSDL, Using References in
NetBeans to Generate Web Service Clients, Monitoring SOAP Traffic with Metro, Monitoring
SOAP,Traffic with TCPMon.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Java Distributed Computing, Jim Farley, O'Reilly.
2. Java RMI Designing and Building,The Basics of RMI Applications, William Grosso, O'Reilly.
3. Java SOA Cookbook SOA Implementation Recipes, Tips, Techniques, Eben Hewitt, O'Reilly,
2009.
4. Service Oriented Architecture With Java, Malhar Barai, Vincenzo Caselli, Binildas A.
Christudas, Packt Publishing, 2008.
5. Distributed Programming with Java, Qusay H. Mahmoud, Manning Publisher 2000.
6. Java in Distributed Systems, Concurrency, Distribution and Persistence, Marko Boger, 2001.
7. Developing Distributed and E-commerce Applications, Darrel Ince, 2/e, Wesly, 2004.
8. Java Message Service (O'Reilly Java Series), Richard Monson-Haefel, David Chappell.
9. Sun SL 301 Distributed Programming with Java.
10. Java Tutorial, http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/index.html.
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS
Syllabus
Unit I : Introduction to Information storage and retrieval systems: Domain Analysis of IR
systems, IR and other types of Information Systems, IR System Evaluation Introduction to
Data structures and algorithms related to Information Retrieval: Basic Concepts, Data
structures, Algorithms.
Unit II: Inverted Files: Introduction, Structures used in Inverted Files, Building an Inverted
file using a sorted array, Modifications to the Basic Techniques. Signature Files :
Introduction, Concepts of Signature files, Compression, Vertical Partitioning, Horizontal
Partitioning.
Unit III: New Indices for Text: PAT Trees and PAT Arrays: Introduction, PAT Tree
structure, Algorithms on the PAT Trees, Building PAT Trees as PATRICA Trees, PAT
representation as Arrays. Lexical Analysis and Stoplists: Introduction, Lexical Analysis,
Stoplists.
Unit IV: Stemming Algorithms: Introduction, Types of Stemming algorithms, Experimental
Evaluations of Stemming, Stemming to Compress Inverted Files. Thesaurus Construction:
Introduction, Features of Thesauri, Thesaurus Construction, Thesaurus construction from
Texts, Mergingexisting Thesauri.
Unit V: String Searching Algorithms: Introduction, Preliminaries, The Naive Algorithm, The
Knutt-Morris-Pratt Algorithm, The Boyer-Moore Algorithm, The Shift-Or Algorithm, The
Karp-Rabin Algorithm.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Modern Information Retrieval,Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Neto, PEA,2007.
2. Information Storage and Retrieval Systems: Theory and Implementation, Kowalski,
Gerald, Mark Academic Press, 2000.
3. Information Retrieval: Algorithms and Heuristics , Grossman, Ophir Frieder, 2/e, Springer,
2004.
4. Information Retrieval Data Structures and Algorithms , Frakes, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, PEA
5. Information Storage and Retieval, Robert Korfhage, John Wiley & Sons.
6. Introduction to Information Retrieval, Manning, Raghavan, Cambridge University Press.
NETWORK SECURITY
Syllabus
Unit I:
Introduction to Network Security: Attacks, services, Security. A model of Inter network
Security, Steganography, One time PADS. Basic and ESOTERIC Cryptographic Protocols:
Key Exchange, Authentication, Formal Analysis of Authentication and key Exchange Protocols,
Multiple & Public Key Cryptography, Secret Splitting & Sharing Secure elections, Secure
multiparty, Communication, Digital Cash.
Unit II:
Crypto Graphic Algorithms (Block Cipher): RC2, GOST, CAST, BLOW FISH, SAFEER, RC5,
NEWDES, CRAB, Theory of Block Cipher design. Key Management:
Key lengths, Generating Keys, Transferring, Verification, Updating, Storing, Backup,
Compromised, Lifetime of, Destroying Keys, Public key Management.
Unit III:
Digital Signature Algorithms: Digital Signature, DSA, DSA variants, Gost, Discrete Lagorithm,
One – Schnorr – Shamir digital Signatures, Esign, Cellular Automata. Mails:
Electronic Mail & IO Security good Privacy, SIMIME, IP Security Architecture, Authentication
Header, Encapsulating Security, Pay load Key Management Issues.
Unit IV:
Security: Web Security Web Security requirements, Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer
Security, Secure Electronic Transaction.
Unit V:
Viruses and Threats: Intruders, Viruses, Worms and Firewalls Intruders, Viruses and Related
Threats, Firewall Design Principles, Trusted Systems.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Applied Cryptography, 7/e, Bruce SCHNEIER John Wiley & Sons Inc.
2. Cryptography and Network Security, William Stallings, PHI.
3. Introduction to cryptography with coding Theory, 7/e, Wade Trappe, C. Washington, PEA.
4. Cryptography and Information Security, V.K. Pachghare, PHI.
5. Cryptography and Network Security, Forouzan, TMH, 2007.
6. Cryptography and Network Security, 2/e, Kahate , TMH.
7. Modern Cryptography, Wenbo Mao, PEA
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
Syllabus
Unit-I – Understanding Software Architecture
Definitions of Software Architecture-Architecture define Structure, Architecture Specifies
Component Communication, Architecture Address’s Non-functional Requirements; Architecture
is an Abstraction, Architecture Views. Architectures and Technologies.
Unit-II-Architectural Styles
Architectural styles, Pipes and Filters, Data Abstraction and Object Oriented Organization, Event
– Based Implicit Invocation, Layered Systems, Repositories, Interpreters ,Process Control ,Other
familiar Architectures, Heterogeneous Architecture.
Unit-III-Software Quality Attributes
Quality Attributes, Performance, Scalability, Scalability for the ICDE Application, Modifiability,
Modifiability for the ICDE Application Security, Security for the ICDE Application Availability,
Integration, Other Quality Attributes.
Unit-IV-Architectural Design Guidance
Guidance for user interface architectures-Designs spaces and rules, A design space for user
interface architectures, Design rules for user interface architecture, The qualified Design Space.
Unit-V-Software Agents
Agents in the ICDE Environment, Abstraction Revisited, An Example Agent technology,
Architectural Implication-Concurrency, Scalability, Mobility, Agent Technologies.
Text Books:
1. Mary Shaw and David Garlan, Software Architecture- Perspectives on an Emerging
Discipline, Prentice-Hall of India, 2004.
2.Ian Gorton, Essential Software Architecture Springer International Edition -2006
.
Reference Book:
1. Richard N. Taylor, Nenad Medvidovic, Eric Dashofy, “Software Architecture:
Foundations, Theory, and Practice”, Wiley, 2009.
2. Len Bass, Paul Clements, Rick Kazman: Software Architecture in Practice, 2/e, Pearson
Education, 2003.
SOFTWARE TESTING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
Syllabus
Unit I Introduction, Basics of Software Testing, Testing Principles, Goals, Testing Life Cycle,
Phases of Testing, Defects, Defect Life Cycle, Defect Report, Test Plan(IEEE format),
Importance of testing in software production cycle.
Unit II Introduction, Need of black box testing, Black box testing Concept, Requirement
Analysis, Test case design criteria, Testing Methods, requirement based testing, Positive &
negative testing, Boundary value analysis, Equivalence Partitioning class, state based or graph
based, cause effect graph based, error guessing, documentation testing & domain testing, design
of test cases. Black-Box testing.
Unit III Introduction, Need of white box testing, Testing types, Test adequacy criteria, static
testing by humans, Structure - logic coverage criteria, Basis path testing, Graph metrics, Loop
Testing, Data flow testing, Mutation Testing, Design of test cases. Testing of Object oriented
systems, Challenges in White box testing.
Unit IV Test organization, Structure of testing, Measurement tools, testing metrics: Type of
metric – Project, Progress, Productivity, Metric plan, Goal Question metric model, Measurement
in small & large system. Other Software Testing: GUI testing, Validation testing, Regression
testing, Scenario testing, Specification based testing, Adhoc testing, Sanity testing, Smoke
testing, Random Testing.
Unit V Software quality, Quality attribute, Quality Assurance, Quality control & assurance,
Methods of quality management, Cost of quality, Quality management, Quality factor, Quality
management & project management.
Text books:
1.Software Testing, Second Edition By: Ron Patton, Pearson Education ISBN-13: 978-0-672-
32798-8
2.Software Testing Principles and Tools By M.G. Limaye TMG Hill Publication, ISBN 13:978-
0-07-013990-9
References:
1.Metric and Model in Software Quality Engineering, By Stephen H Kan, Pearson Education
ISBN 81-297-0175-8
2. Effective methods for software testing by William Perry , Willey Publication, ISBN 81-265-
0893-0
3.Foundation of software testing by Dorothy Graham, Erik Van Veenendaal. CENGAGE
learning , ISBN 978-81-315-0218-1
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Syllabus
Unit-1
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence: AI Problems, The underlying Assumption, AI
Techniques, Level of the Model Problems, Problem spaces &Search: Defining the Problem as a
state space search, Production System, Problem Characteristics, Production System
Characteristics.
Unit-2
Heuristic Search Techniques: Generate and Test, Hill Climbing, Best first Search,
Problem Reduction, Constraint Satisfaction , Means-Ends Analysis.
Unit-3
Knowledge Representation Issues: Representation and Mapping, Approaches to
Knowledge Representation, Issues in Knowledge Representation, The Frame Problem
Predicate Logic: Representing simple facts in logic, Computable Functions and Predicates,
Resolution, Natural Deduction.
Unit-4
Representing Knowledge using rules : Procedural Versus Declarative Knowledge, Logic
Programming , Forward Versus Backward Reasoning, Matching, Control Knowledge
Unit-5
Common Sense: Qualitative Physics, Common Sense Ontologies, Memory Organization
Expert Systems: Representing and Using Domain Knowledge, Expert System Shells,
Knowledge Acquisition
Text Book:
Elaine Rich & Kevin Knight,” Artificial Intelligence “, 2nd Edition ,(Tata McGraw Hill
Edition)
Reference Books:
Patrick Henry Winston, ‘Artificial Intelligence’, Pearson Education,2003
BIG DATA ANALYTICS
Syllabus
Unit-1:
Big Data, Complexity of Big Data, Big Data Processing Architectures, Big Data Technologies,
Big Data Business Value, Data Warehouse, Re-Engineering the Data Warehouse, Workload
Management in the Data Warehouse, New Technology Approaches.
Unit-2:Integration of Big Data and Data Warehouse, Data Driven Architecture, Information
Management and Lifecycle, Big Data Analytics, Visualization and Data Scientist, Implementing
The "Big Data" Data. Choices in Setting up R for Business Analytics, R Interfaces, Manipulating
Data, Exploring Data, Building Regression Models, Clustering and Data Segmentation,
Forecasting and Time Series Models.
Unit-3:Writing Hadoop Map Reduce Programs, Integrating R and Hadoop, Using Hadoop
Streaming with R, Learning Data Analytics with R and Hadoop, Understanding Big Data
Analysis with Machine Learning. Big Data, Web Data, A Cross-Section of Big Data Sources and
the Value They Hold, Taming Big Data, The Evolution of Analytic Scalability.
Unit-4:The Evolution of Analytic Processes, The Evolution of Analytic, Processes The Evolution
of Analytic Tools and Methods. Legacy Data, Hypothesis Testing, Prediction, Software,
Complexity, Business problems suited to big data analytics.
Unit-5: High Performance Appliances for Big Data Management, Using Graph analytics, The
New Information Management Paradigm, Big Data's Implication for Businesses, Big Data
Implications for Information Management, Splunk's Basic Operations on Big Data.
Textbooks:
Data Warehousing in the Age of Big Data by Krish Krishnan, Morgan Kaufmann.
A.Ohri, “R for Business Analytics”, Springer, 2012.
References:
Big Data Analytics with R and Hadoop by Vignesh Prajapati
Principles of Big Data Preparing, Sharing, and Analyzing Complex Information, 1st Edition, by J
Berman, published by Morgan Kaufmann
“Big Data Analytics - From Strategic Planning to Enterprise Integration with Tools, Techniques,
NoSQL, and Graph” By David Loshin, Morgan Kaufmann
Big Data Imperatives: Enterprise 'big Data' Warehouse, 'BI' Implementations and Analytics by
Soumendra Mohanty, Apress
Big Data Analytics Using Splunk By Peter Zadrozny , Raghu Kodali, Apress 2013
Franks, Bill, “Taming the Big Data Tidal Wave: Finding Opportunities in Huge Data Streams
with Advanced Analytics”, Wiley, 1st Edition, 2012.
Big Data Application Architecture Q&A: a Problem - Solution Approach Nitin Sawant,
Himanshu Shah
Big Data Now: Current Perspectives from O'Reilly Radar By O'Reilly Radar Team
CLOUD COMPUTING
Unit-I
Overview of Computing Paradigm :Recent trends in Computing: Grid Computing, Cluster
Computing, Distributed Computing, Utility Computing, Cloud Computing. Evolution of cloud
computing: Business driver for adopting cloud computing.
Introduction to Cloud Computing :Cloud Computing (NIST Model): Introduction to Cloud
Computing, History of Cloud Computing, Cloud service providers; Properties, Characteristics &
Disadvantages: Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing, Benefits of Cloud Computing, Cloud
computing vs. Cluster computing vs. Grid computing;Role of Open Standards
Unit-II
Cloud Computing Architecture:Cloud computing stack: Comparison with traditional computing
architecture (client/server), Services provided at various levels, How Cloud Computing
Works, Role of Networks in Cloud computing, protocols used, Role of Web services; Service
Models (XaaS): Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS), Platform as a Service(PaaS), Software as a
Service(SaaS); Deployment Models: Public cloud, Private cloud, Hybrid cloud, Community
cloud
Unit-III
Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS): Introduction to IaaS, IaaS definition, Introduction to
virtualization, Different approaches to virtualization, Hypervisors, Machine Image,
Virtual Machine(VM).
Resource Virtualization: Server, Storage, Network, Virtual Machine(resource) provisioning and
manageability, storage as a service, Data storage in cloud computing(storage as a service);
Examples: Amazon EC2, Renting, EC2 Compute Unit, Platform and Storage, pricing, customers,
Eucalyptus.
Platform as a Service(PaaS):Introduction to PaaS: What is PaaS, Service Oriented Architecture
(SOA), Cloud Platform and Management, Computation, Storage, Examples, Google App Engine,
Microsoft Azure, SalesForce.com’s Force.com platform.
Unit-IV
Software as a Service(PaaS):Introduction to SaaS, Web services, Web 2.0, Web OS, Case Study
on SaaS.
Service Management in Cloud Computing:Service Level Agreements(SLAs), Billing &
Accounting, Comparing Scaling Hardware: Traditional vs. Cloud, Economics of scaling:
Benefitting enormously, Managing Data, Looking at Data, Scalability & Cloud Services,
Database & Data Stores in Cloud, Large Scale Data Processing.
Unit-V
Cloud Security:Infrastructure Security: Network level security, Host level security, Application
level security, Data security and Storage: Data privacy and security Issues, Jurisdictional issues
raised by Data location, Identity & Access Management, Access Control, Trust, Reputation,
Risk, Authentication in cloud computing, Client access in cloud, Cloud contracting Model,
Commercial and business considerations.
Reference Books
Cloud Computing Bible, Barrie Sosinsky, Wiley-India, 2010
Cloud Computing: Principles and Paradigms, Editors: Rajkumar Buyya,
James Broberg, Andrzej M. Goscinski, Wile, 2011
Cloud Computing: Principles, Systems and Applications, Editors: Nikos Antonopoulos,
Lee Gillam, Springer, 2012
Cloud Security: A Comprehensive Guide to Secure Cloud Computing, Ronald L. Krutz, Russell
Dean Vines, Wiley-India, 2010
DISTRIBUTED DATABASES
Syllabus
UNIT I
Introduction: Distributed Data Processing, Distributed Database System, Promises of DDBSs,
Complicating Factors, Problem Areas Distributed DBMS Architecture DBMS Standardization,
Architectural Models for Distributed DBMSs, Distributed DBMS Architecture, Global Directory
Issues
UNIT II
Distributed Database Design: Alternative Design Strategies, Distribution Design Issues,
Fragmentation, Allocation. Semantic Data Control: View Management, Data Security, Semantic
Integrity Control.
UNIT III
Overview of Query Processing: Query Processing Problem, Objectives of Query Processing,
Complexity of Relational Algebra Operations, Characterization of Query Processing, Layers of
Query Processing Query Decomposition and Data Localization: Query Decomposition,
Localization of Distributed Data Optimization of Distributed Queries Query Optimization,
Centralized Query Optimization, Join Ordering in Fragment Queries, Distributed Query
Optimization Algorithms
UNIT IV
Introduction to Transaction Management: Definition of a Transaction, Properties of
Transactions, Types of Transactions, Architecture Revisited Distributed Concurrency Control
Serializability Theory, Taxonomy of Concurrency Control Mechanisms, Locking-Based
Concurrency Control Algorithms, Timestamp based Concurrency Control algorithms, Optimistic
Concurrency Control Algorithms, Deadlock Management, Relaxed Concurrency Control
UNIT V
Distributed DBMS Reliability: Reliability Concepts and Measures, Failures and Fault Tolerance
ion Distributed Systems, Failures in Distributed DBMS, Local Reliability Protocols, Distributed
Reliability Protocols, Dealing with site failures, Network Partitioning, Architectural
Considerations Parallel Database Systems Database Servers, Parallel Architectures, Parallel
DBMS Techniques, Parallel Execution Problems
Textbook:
1. Principles of Distributed Database Systems, Second Edition, M.Tamer Ozsu, Patrick
Valduriez, Pearson Education, 1999.
Reference Book:
1. Distributed Database Management Systems: A Practical Approach] Saeed K. Rahimi ,Frank S.
Haug , Wiely,2010
PATTERN RECOGNITION
Syllabus
UNIT I :
Introduction: Basic concepts, Applications, Fundamental problems in pattern Recognition
system design, Design concepts and methodologies, Examples of Automatic Pattern recognition
systems, Simple pattern recognition model.
UNIT II:
Decisions and Distance Functions: Linear and generalized decision functions, Pattern space
and weight space, Geometrical properties, implementations of decision functions, Minimum-
distance pattern classifications.
Probability - Probability of events: Random variables, Joint distributions and densities,
Movements of random variables, Estimation of parameter from samples.
STATISTICAL UNIT - III:
DECISION MAKING - Introduction, Baye’s theorem, Multiple features, Conditionally
independent features, Decision boundaries, Unequal cost of error,e stimation of error rates, the
leaving-one-out-techniques, characteristic curves, estimating the composition of populations.
Baye’s classifier for normal patterns.
Non Parametric Decision Making: Introduction, histogram, kernel and window estimation,
nearest neighbour classification techniques. Adaptive decision boundaries, adaptive discriminant
functions, Minimum squared error discriminant functions, choosing a decision making
techniques.
UNIT IV:
Clustering and Partitioning: Hierarchical Clustering: Introduction, agglomerative clustering
algorithm, the single-linkage, completelinkage and average-linkage algorithm.Ward’s method
Partition clustering-Forg’s algorithm, K-means’s algorithm, Isodata algorithm.
Pattern Preprocessing and Feature selection: Introduction, distance measures, clustering
transformation and feature ordering, clustering in feature selection through entropy
minimization, features selection through orthogonal expansion, binary feature selection.
UNIT V:
Syntactic Pattern Recognition and Application of Pattern Recognition: Concepts from
formal language theory, formulation of syntactic pattern recognition problem, syntactic pattern
description, recognition grammars, automata as pattern recognizers, Application of pattern
recognition techniques in bio-metric, facial recognition, IRIS scon, Finger prints, etc.,
REFERENCES BOOKS:
1. Pattern recognition and Image Analysis, Gose. Johnsonbaugh Jost, PHI.
2. Pattern Recognition Principle, Tou. Rafael. Gonzalez, Pea.
3. Pattern Classification, Richard duda, Hart., David Strok, Wiley.
SOFT COMPUTING
Syllabus
UNIT-I:
Introduction to Neuro-Fuzzy and soft computing: computing constituents and conventions,
characteristics. Fuzzy set theory: basic definitions and terminology, set-theoretic operations, Mf
formulation and parameteization. Fuzzy rules and reasoning: extension principles and fuzzy
relations, fuzzy if-then rules, fuzzy reasoning. Fuzzy inference systems: mamdani fuzzy models,
sugeno fuzzy models, Tsukamoto fuzzy models, other considerations.
UNIT-II
Regression and optimization: least-squares methods for system identification. Introduction,
basics of matrix manipulation and calculus, least-square estimator, geometric interpretation of
LSE, recursive least squares estimator, recursive LSE for time varying systems, statistical
properties and maximum likelihood estimator, LSE for nonlinear models. Derivative-based
optimization: introduction, descent methods, the method of steepest descent, newtons methods,
step-size determination, conjugate gradient methods, analysis of quadratic case, non linear least
square problems, incorporation of stochastic mechanisms. Derivative-free optimization:
introduction, genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, random search, downhill simple search.
UNIT-III
Neural Networks: Adaptive networks, supervised learning neural networks, unsupervised
learning and other neural networks. neuro-fuzzy modeling: ANFIS, Coative Neuro-Fuzzy
Modeling: Towards Generalized ANFIS. Advanced Neuro-Fuzzy modeling: classification and
regression trees, data clustering algorithms, rule based structure identification.
UNIT-IV
Neuro Fuzzy control: ANFIS: introduction, architecture, hybrid learning algorithm, learning
methods that cross fertilize ANFIS and RBFN, ANFIS as a universal approximation. Simulation
examples: example 1.Modeling a two-input sinc function, Example 2. Modeling a three input
non-linear function, example 3. On-line identification in control systems, example 4. Predicting
chaotic time series. coactive neuro-fuzzy modeling: Towards Generalized ANFIS: introduction,
framework, neuron functions for adaptive networks, neuro-fuzzy spectrum, analysis of adaptive
learning capability.
NEURO-FUZZY CONTROL-I
Introduction, framework, control systems and neuro-fuzzy control, expert control, inverse
learning, specialized learning, back-propagation through time and real-time recurrent learning.
NEURO-FUZZY CONTROL-II
Introduction, Reinforcement learning control, Gradient-free optimization, Gain Schediling,
Feedback Linearization and Sliding Control.
UNIT-V
GENETIC ALGORITHMS: A Genetic Introduction to Genetic Algorithms: What are Genetic
Algorithms, Robustness of Traditional Optimization and search methods, goals of Optimization,
How genetic algorithms different from traditional methods, A Simple Genetic Algorithm,
Genetic Algorithms at work.
Genetic Algorithms Revisited: Mathematical Foundations Computer implementation of a
genetic algorithm.
Advanced Operations and Techniques in Genetic Search: Introduction to Genetics based
Machine Learning, Applications of Genetics based Machine Learning.
Text Books:
1. Neuro-Fuzzy And Soft Computing BY “J-S.R.Jang, Ct. Sun, E.Mizutani” Prentic-Hall Of
India Private Limited Publications.
2. Genetic Algorithms BY “David E. Goldberg” Pearson Education.
REFERENCES:
1. Neural Networks and Learning Machines By “Simon Haykin”3rd Edition, Phi Publication.
2. Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic By “George J. Klir|Bo|Yuan” In Phi Publications.
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Syllabus
Unit – I
Software and Software Engineering: Nature of software, software application domains,
unique nature of web applications, software engineering, software process, software
engineering practice, software myths. Process Models: Generic process model, prescriptive
process models, specialized process models, unified process, personal and team process
models, product and process. Agile development: Agility, agile process, extreme
programming and other agile process models.
Unit – II
Requirements engineering process: Feasibility studies, Requirements elicitation and analysis,
Requirements validation, Requirements management. System models: Context Models,
Behavioral models, Data models, Object models, structured methods.
Unit – III
Design concepts: Design process, Design concepts, design model. Architecture Design:
Software architecture, architectural styles, architectural design, assessing alternative
architectural designs, architectural mappings using data flow. Component-level design:
Designing class based components, conducting component level design.
Unit – IV
User interface design: The golden rules, user interface analysis and design, interface analysis,
interface design steps. Quality concepts: software quality, software quality dilemma,
achieving software quality. Software quality assurance: Elements of software quality
assurance, sqa tasks, goals. Formal approaches.
Unit – V
Software testing strategies: A strategic approach to software testing, strategic issues, test
strategies for conventional software, validation testing, system testing.
Text book:
1. Roger S.Pressman ,”Software Engineering – A Practitioner’s Approach 7th Edition 2010,
Mc Graw Hill.
Reference Book:
1) Ian Sommerville,‘Software Engineering’, Sixth Edition,2001,Pearson Education.
SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Syllabus
Unit-1 Introduction to software project management
Project Stakeholders, Project Management Knowledge Areas, Project Management Tools and
Techniques, Program and Project Portfolio Management, the Role of the Project Manager, the
Project Management Profession, Project Phases and the Project Life Cycle.
Unit-2 software project Time and Cost management
Time management: The Importance of Project Schedules, Estimating Activity Resources,
Estimating Activity Durations, Developing the Schedule, Controlling the Schedule, Using
Software to Assist in Project Time Management. Cost management: The Importance of Project
Cost Management, Basic Principles of Cost Management, Estimating Costs, Types of Cost
Estimates, Cost Estimation Tools and Techniques, Determining the Budget, Controlling Costs.
Unit-3 Human Resources Management
The Importance of Human Resource Management, Keys to Managing People, Developing the
Human Resource Plan, Acquiring the Project Team, Developing the Project Team, Managing the
Project Team, Using Software to Assist in Human Resource Management.
Unit-4 Risk Management
Planning Risk Management, Common Sources of Risk on Information Technology Projects,
Identifying Risks, Performing Qualitative Risk Analysis, Performing Quantitative Risk Analysis,
Planning Risk Responses, Monitoring and Controlling Risks, sing Software to Assist in Project
Risk Management.
Unit-5 procurement Management
Strategic Planning and Project Selection, Developing a Project Charter, Developing a Project
Management Plan, Directing and Managing Project Execution, Monitoring and Controlling
Project Work ,Performing Integrated Change Control, Closing Projects or Phases.
Textbook:
1. “INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MANAGEMENT”, Kathy Schwalbe,6th
edition, Cengage Learning, 2011.
SOFTWARE RELIABILITY
Syllabus
UNIT - 1 INTRODUCTION TO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING
Reliability — Repairable and Non Repairable systems — Maintainability and Availability —
Designing for higher reliability — Redundancy — MTBF — MTTF MDT - MTTR— k out of in
Systems.
UNIT - 2 SOFTWARE RELIABLITY
Software reliability - Software reliability Vs Hardware reliability – Failures and Faults -
Classification of Failures – Counting – System Configuration – Components and Operational
Models – Concurrent Systems – Sequential Systems – Standby Redundant systems.
UNIT - 3 SOFTWARE RELIABILITY APPROACHES
Fault Avoidance — Passive Fault detection — Active Fault Detection — Fault Tolerance - Fault
Recovery - Fault Treatment.
UNIT - 4 SOFTWARE RELIABILITY MODELING
Introduction to Software Reliability Modeling – Parameter Determination and Estimation -
Model Selection – Markovian Models – Finite and Infinite failure category Models –
Comparison of Models – Calendar Time Modeling.
UNIT - 5 SPECIAL TOPICS IN SOFTWARE RELIABLITY
Management Techniques for reliability - Organization and Staffing — Programming Languages
and Reliability — Computer Architecture and Reliability — Proving Program correctness &
Reliability Design - Reliability Testing – Reliability Economics.
TEXT BOOKS
1. John D. Musa, “ Software Reliability”, McGraHill, 1985
2. Glenford J. Myers, “Software Reliability “, Wiley Interscience Publication, 1976
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Patric D. T.O connor,” Practical Reliability Engineering” , 4th Edition, John Wesley & sons ,
2003.
2. Anderson and PA Lee : “ Fault tolerance principles and Practice “, PHI ,1981
3. Pradhan D K (Ed.): “ Fault tolerant computing – Theory and Techniques”, Vol1 and Vol 2 ,
Prentice hall, 1986.
4. E.Balagurusamy ,” Reliability Engineering”, Tata McGrawHill, 1994.
WEB SECURITY
Syllabus
UNIT I
Introduction: The Web Security Landscape, Architecture of the World Wide Web, Cryptography
basics, Cryptography and the web, Understanding SSL and TLS, Digital Identification:
Passwords, Biometrics and Digital Signatures.
UNIT II
Digital Certificates, CAs and PKI, Web's war on privacy, privacy protecting techniques, privacy
protecting technologies
UNIT III
Web Server Security: Physical security for servers, Host security for servers, securing web
applications.
UNIT IV
Web Server Security: Deploying SSL server certificates, securing your web service, computer
crime Security for content providers: Controlling access to web content, Client-side digital
certificates, code signing and Microsoft's Authenticode .
UNIT V
Security for content providers: Pornography, Filtering software, Censorship, privacy policies,
legislation, P3P, Digital Payments, Intellectual property and actionable content.
Textbook
1. Web Security, Privacy and Commerce, Simson Garfinkel, Gene Spafford, 2nd Edition,
O’REILLY, 2002. Pvt. Ltd.
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
SYLLABUS
UNIT I
Basics of Wireless Sensors and Applications, The Mica Mote, Sensing and Communication
Range, Design Issues, Energy consumption, Clustering of Sensors, Applications
UNIT II
Data Retrieval in Sensor Networks, Classification of WSNs, MAC Layer, Routing Layer, High-
Level Application Layer Support, Adapting to the Inherent Dynamic Nature of WSNs Sensor
Network Platforms and Tools, Sensor Network Hardware, Sensor Network Programming
Challenges, Node-Level Software Platforms.
UNIT IV
Operating System: TinyOS, Imperative Language: nesC, Dataflow Style Language: TinyGALS,
Node-Level Simulators, ns-2 and its Sensor Network Extension, TOSSIM.-
UNIT V
Sensor Network Databases : Challenges ,Query Interfaces, High level Database Organization, In-
Network Aggregation, Data-centric Storage, Temporal Data.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach, Feng Zhao, Leonidas
Guibas, Elsevier Science Imprint, Morgan Kauffman Publishers, 2005, rp2009.
REFERENCES:
1. Adhoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols, C.Siva Ram Murthy, B.S.Murthy,
Pearson Education, 2004
2. Wireless Sensor Networks: Principles and Practice, Fei Hu, Xiaojun Cao, An Auerbach Book,
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2010
3. Wireless Ad hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Principles, Protocols and Applications, Subir
Kumar Sarkar et al., Auerbach Publications, Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.
4. Wireless Sensor Networks: Signal Processing and Communications Perspectives, Ananthram
Swami et al., Wiley India, 2007, rp2009.
K L University
Department of ENGLISH
Pre-Ph.D. Syllabus & Model Paper for VI Batch (admitted in 2013-14)
INDIAN WRITING IN ENGLISH
UNIT –I
Non-Fictional Prose: A Survey, Swami Vivekananda, Sri Aurobindo, and Ananda
Coomaraswamy, Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru other Pre-Independent Writers
UNIT –II
Post Independent writers: Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Vikram Seth and Amitav Ghosh, Mulk Raj
Anand: Raja Rao: Anita Desai: Salman Rushdie, and other contemporary Writers of Post
Independent writers.
UNIT -III
Novel & Short Story R.K.Narayan, Arun Joshi and Manoj Das, Subhadra Sen Gupta and Raji
Narasimhan, Shashi Deshpande and Githa Hariharan, Ruskin Bond and other contemporary
writiers
UNIT – IV
Indian English Poetry Background to Indian English Poetry Pre Independent period, Henry
Derozio and Toru Dutt, Sri Aurobindo and Sarojini Naidu and others
UNIT V
Trends and Movements in Post Independent writings: Nissim Ezekiel and Kamala Das, A.K.
Ramanujan, Arun Kolatkar, and Jayanta Mahapatra, R. Parthasarathy and Keki N. Daruwalla and
others
Suggested Readings:
1. Daiches, David.A Critcal Hisory of English literature. NewYork: Ronald Press Co.,1960
2. Hudson, WH an outline of History of English Literature ,London,Bel Pubs.1932
3. Iyyangar, K R Srinivas : Indian Writing in English : Sterling Publishers Pvt.Ltd; edition
2012
4. Anand Mulk Raj:Untouchable,London,Penguin India,1940
5. Desai Anita: Fasting, Feasting,Chato and Windus Pubs.,London,1999
6. . Karnad, Girish . Three Modern Indian Plays Delhi: OUP, 1989.
HISTORY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS
UNIT – I :
Behaviorism – Cognitivism, Appropriacy Acquisition & Learning , Humanistic Approaches,
Self-Directed Learning, The Four Skills: Listening Speaking Reading Writing :
UNIT – II:
Presenting Vocabulary & Structures, Asking Questions, Using a Reading Test, Communicative
Activities, How to Make Language Learning and Teaching More Effective: The Communicative
Approach, The Learner-Centred Approach, Learning Strategies of Second Language Students -
What is Communicative Language Teaching?
UNIT – III;
Written Communication, English for Professional Life, the Study of Language, Pedagogical
Grammar, New Words in English, Lexical Research in Action, Pragmatics - Language as
Cultural Practice
UNIT – IV;
Language teaching levels: classroom, curriculum and theory. Teaching and learning methods,
approaches in methodology, curriculum design and theories of second language learning.
practical classroom management and teaching techniques appropriate to the language classroom,
general classroom management, lesson planning, methods, principles and approaches to teaching
all four skills and language, teacher and learner roles and context- Present pedagogical literature
and language teaching materials. Discussing and practicing
UNIT V;
Teaching and Learning environments - Issues in teaching English for Specific Purposes-
theoretical questions and appropriate methodology - design a specialized programme in English
for Specific Purposes.
Suggested Readings:
Brown, H. D. (2000) Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New York: Longman,
2000
A.P.R. Howatt – A History of English Teaching, 1999
Approach and Methods in Language Teaching” by Jack Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers
Hockett, 1959
Heinemann ELT Readers Teacher’s Rource File, MacmillanHeinemann ELT, 1997
Listen and Speak: Situational English :Hancock,Paul,Listen & Speak Publications,1999.
Reading and writing skills ,Acevedo,ana & Gower,Marisol,Longman,1999
Richards, J. C. and T. S. Rogers. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching.
Cambridge University Press, 1986.
Saraswathi, V.. English Language Teaching – Principles and Practice. Orient Longman, . 2004
INDIAN WOMEN WRITERS IN ENGLISH
Unit I:
Indian Women Poets: Sarojini Naidu “Bangle- Sellers, Coromondal Fishers,” - Kamala Das –
“summer in Calcutta, the Freaks” Chitra Benarje Dinakarni “Collection of Poems”
Unit II
Indian Women Novelists: Anita Desai “Fire on the Mountain”, Anita Nair “Mistress”, Shashi
Des Pande “The Dark Holds No Terror”, Shoba De “Socialite Evenings, Sultry Days”, Sudha
Kulkarni Murthy “Dollar Sose” (Kannada Translation) , Jumpa Lahari “Interpreter of Maladies”.
Unit III
Progressive and Revolutionary Outlook: Arundathi Roy’s views on “ Support to Kashmiri
Separatism, Sardar Sarovar Project, attack on Indian Parliament and so on, ArunaNair, Kiran
Desai “The Inheritance of Loss” Bharati Mukarji “Desirable Daughters, Jasmine”
Unit IV
Gender Discrimination: Tagore Rabindra Nath “Selected Short Stories ( Tr.), Ambai “
Unpublished Manuscript, A Purple Sea”, Geeta “ Gender” Kamala Das “ My Story”,
Unit V:
Influence of Western Writers: Simone De Beau voir’s “ Introduction to the Second Sex” Judith
Butler’s “ Subjects of Sex, Gender, Desire” Margaret Atwood “ Surgacing”,
RECOMMENDED READING;
Chaman Nahal, “ Feminisms in English Fiction – forms and Variants in recent Indian fiction,
Ed., Sudhila Singh, Prestigious Book, New Delhi 1991
Ashok Kumar, “ Portrayal of New Women – a study on Manju Kapur Marries Women, Indian
Ink, New Delhi, 2002
Roy, Arundhati, : an Ordinary Person’s guide to Europe, Penguin, New Delhi, 2005
Simon De, Beauvoir, “ the Second Sex, Cambridge, London, 1949
Jasbir Jain, Stairs to the attic: the Novel of Anita Desai, Princely Publications, 1987
Dr. Gunjan Shshila Deshpande Shashi A feminist Study Swaroop Book, 2009,
Naidu Sarojini: Golden Treshold, Oxford Publications, 1982.
Das, Kamala: My Story , Sterling Pubs., New Delhi, 1988
Tagore, Rabindranath : Select Short Stories (Tr. ) Supriya Choudhuri Ed., Sukanta Chaudhuri,
New Delhi: oxford, 2000
NEW EMERGING TRENDS IN ELT
UNIT – I
Principles of English Language Teaching – Approaches to Second Language Learning and
Teaching – Methods of Teaching English – Direct Method, Bilingual method, Grammar
Translation Method and others –
UNIT – II
Linguistic Devices : Meter, Rhythm, Schemes and tropes, Neologism, Parallism, Tautology,
Dangling Modifiers, Synthesis, Symmetric And Asymmetric, Contrastive, Euphemism and
others
UNIT – III
The oral approach in Language teaching – Situational Language Teaching – the Structural
Approach – Communicative Language Teaching – New methods in Language Teaching –
Computer based Language Teaching – Audio – Video – use of Internet and so on.
UNIT – IV
Teaching Communication Skills in English – Teaching of Prose, poetry, fiction – language and
literature – Figurative language – English for Specific Purpose (ESP) – English for General
Purpose (EGP).
UNIT – V
Class room analysis of Teaching – Practice of Teaching in real class rooms – English for Cross
Cultural Communication – Teaching English in Large Class rooms in India – methods and
approaches – analysis and review of self Teaching skills –
RECOMMENDED READING;
Allen H. B ed. Teaching English as A second Language N Y Mcgraw – Hills, 1972
Brumfit, CJ Communicative Methodology in Language Teaching. Cambridge CUP, 1984
Carter R and Brumfit CJ (eds). Language and Literature teaching, London: Routledge, 1986
Collie. J & S Slater, Literature in the classroom; a resource book of ideas and activities:
Cambridge, CUP, 1987.
Doff, Adrian Teach English , Cambridge, CUP, 1988
Harmer, J The Practice of ELT, London, Longman, 1983
Mackey, WF Language Teaching Analysis London, Longmans 1965
Prabhu N S Second Language Pedagody Oxfort: OUP 1987
Richards and Rogers Approaches and methods in Languge eaching Cambridge: CUP 2001
Smith, L Ed English for Cross Cultural Communication Macmillan, London, 1981
INDIAN WRITING IN TRANSLATION
Unit I
a.Rabindranath Tagore’s “Gitanjali”and others,Toru Dutt’s”Our Old Casurina Tree” Arabindo’s
“Future Poetry”. U. R Ananthamurthy: Samskara Trends and new approaches in Drama and
Fiction from 1930 to 1947.
Unit II
Jayant Mahapatra’s “ Dawn at Puri; Lines Written in a British cemetery” Arun Kolatkar’s
“Jejuri” Shiv K Kumar’s Poetry. Vijay Tendulkar: “Ghasiram Kotwal” A Study on other
contemporary Writers with their techniques in writing
Unit III
History of Translation in Indian writing –Philosophical, social writings in Translations-Forms of
Translation in Indian literature in English –translated versions of writers in English after
independent India.
Unit IV
Balachandra Nemade: Cocoon - Social movements in Indian Writing in English- linguistic and
grammatical experiments in the writings of poets, Novelists and Short story writers of present
age.
Unit V
Influence of Russian, French and others writers on poets and dramatists in India-regional factors
and dialectics in the contemporary Indian Writers. Revolutionary, progressive outlook in the
recent Indian literature in English.
RECOMMENDED READING;
A.K. Mehrotra, the Concise History of Indian Literature in English. Delhi: Permanent Black.
2008
Poems of Rabindranath Tagore, UBS publishers , New Delhi. 2012
Rabindranath Tagore and the Nation by Swati Ganguli. Punaschat Publisher, 2012
Toru Dutt’s”Our Old Casurina Tree” Arabindo’s “Future Poetry”. Bengali Publication, 1982
Jayant Mahapatra’s “ Dawn at Puri; Lines Written in a British cemetery” Arun Kolatkar’s
“Jejuri” Shiv K Kumar’s Poetry OUP, New Delhi, 1990.
Iyyangar, K R Srinivasa : Indian Writing in English: Sterling Publishrs, Pvt Ltd., 2012
Bassnett, Susan, Translation Studies, London and New York, 1980 (revised edition 1991),
Rutledge
Bell, Roger T. Translation and Translating, Theory and Practice, Longman, 1991
Callow, Kathleen, Man and Message: A Guide to Meaning-Based Text Analysis, 1998,
K L University
Department of MANAGEMENT
Pre-Ph.D. Syllabus & Model Paper for VI Batch (admitted in 2013-14)
FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Unit I:
Nature and Scope of Financial Management- Goals & objectives of financial management, Role
of Financial Manager -Concept of time value of money.
Unit II:
Sources of long term and short term financing, Overview of Indian Stock Markets.
Unit III:
Capital Budgeting decisions: NPV- IRR - Risk analysis in capital budgeting. RADR, certainty
equivalent, decision tree analysis.
Unit IV:
Capital structure decisions: capital structure theories -EBIT &EPS analysis – Financial
Leverage-Operating leverage - Cost of capital and WACC.
Unit V:
Dividend decisions: dividend models - dividend theories - Working capital – cash Management -
Inventory Management – Receivables management.
Text Books:
1. Khan M. Y. & Jain P. K. – Financial Management
2. I.M Pandey – Financial Management
Reference Books:
3. Archor Strephen h., G. M. Choate, George Racette- Financial Management
4. Kohok- Advanced Financial Management
5. Prasanna Chandra- Fundamentals of Financial management.
6. Shrivastava R. M. – Financial Management & policy.
7. Bhalla V. K. – Financial Management & Policy.
8. Upadhyaya: Financial Management
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION
Unit I: The Structure of Organizations: Legitimate Authority and Bureaucracy – Does Context
Determine Form? – The Modern Corporation – The Transnational Organization – The Virtual
Organization
Unit II: The Organization in Its Environment: Mechanistic and Organismic Structures – High-
performing Organizations in Three Environments – The Design and Management of Externally
Controlled Organizations – Organizational Fit – The Population Ecology of Organizations –
Motivation, Leadership and Organization: Do American Theories of Organization Apply
Abroad?
Unit III: Management and Decision-making: General Principles of Management – Scientific
Management – The Manager’s Job: Folklore and Fact – Power Failure in Management Circuits
– The Technology of Foolishness. People in Organizations: Hawthorne and the Western Electric
Company – The Motivation–Hygiene Theory – Career Anchors – Enacted Sense-making in Cri-
sis Situations – Defensive Routines
Unit IV: Organizational Change and Learning: Institutional Isomorphism – Context and Action
in the Transformation of the Firm – Building Learning Organizations – Imaginization: On Spi-
der Plants – Creating the Curious Corporation
Unit V: Further Work: The Means of Correct Training – Modernist and Post-Modernist Organi-
zation – Making Fast Strategic Decisions in High-Velocity Environments – Contingency Fit and
Performance
Textbook:
1. Organization Theory : Selected Classic Readings By Derek S. Pugh, Penguin Group,
Fifth edition 2007
LEARNING & DEVELOPMENT
Objectives:
Learning and Development course has special emphasis on application to professional practice.
The orientation of course is towards research on human learning processes and the training
interventions for career development/advancement.
The course aims at the following goals:
Understand the utility of learning theories in training and development;
Understand basic principles of behavioural, social, constructivist and adult learning
theories as well as information processing theory;
Apply behavioural, social and constructivist learning theories and information processing
theory to instructional problems;
Design educational interventions, lessons and systems based on behavioural, social and
constructivist principles;
Create training that is engaging, focused, and relevant;
Create and implement a training needs analysis;
Develop and implement a training plan;
Assess and/or evaluate a training program;
Propose alternatives to training;
Understand the issues in development;
Plan for managing careers.
Curriculum:
Unit Content
I Learning: Theories and Program Design –Learning and learned; Learning theories
including adult learning and information processing theories; The learning process;
Instructional emphasis for learning outcomes; Considerations in designing effective
training programs; E-Learning and Use of technology in training – Technology
influence on training and learning; Computer based training; Developing effective
online learning; Blended learning; Simulations; Flipped learning; Mobile technologies
and training methods: iPods, PDAs; Intelligent tutoring systems; Distance learning;
Technologies for training support; Technologies for training administration; Learning
management systems; Choosing new technology training methods.
II Employee Training and Development: Training Vs. Development; Designing effective
training; Training practices; Aligning Training with Strategy – The evolution of
training role; The strategic training and development process; Organisational factors
that influence training; Training needs in different strategies; Models of organizing the
training department; Making the training function; Outsourcing training.
III Needs Assessment: Training needs assessment; Participants in training needs;
Methods used in training needs assessment; Competency models; Scope of needs
assessment; Transfer of Training: Training design; Work environment factors that
influence transfer; Organizational factors that encourage transfer; Training Methods:
Presentation methods; Hands-on methods; Group building methods; Choosing a
training method.
IV Training Evaluation – Need for evaluating training; Overview of evaluation process;
Outcomes used in evaluation of training programs; Determining whether the outcomes
are good; Evaluation practices; Evaluation designs; Determining return on investment;
Measuring human capital and training activity.
V Employee Development – Approaches to employee development; The development
planning process; Company strategies for providing development; Special Issues in
Training and Employee Development – Training issues resulting from the external
environment; Training issues related to internal needs of the company; Career and
Career Management - Concept – Career stages - Career Anchors – Career
Development Cycle – Benefits of career planning to individual as well as organization
- Internal mobility: promotions, transfers, separation and succession planning,
downshifting. Employee Development – Approaches to employee development;
Development training process; Company strategies for providing development.
List of Books
Noe, A. Raymond, Employee Training and development, TMH, New Delhi.
Lynton, P. Rolf & Pareek, Udai, Training for Development, Vistaar Publications, New Delhi.
Goldstein, L. Irwin, Training in Organizations, Cengage Learning, New Delhi.
Sahu, R K, Training for Development, Excel Books, New Delhi.
Blanchard, P. Nick & Thacker, James, Effective Training, Pearson Education.
Naik, G. Pandu, Training and Development, Excel books, New Delhi
Rao, P. L., Training and Development, Excel Books, New Delhi.
Ormrod, J. E., Human Learning. Pearson.
T.V. Rao, Performance Management and Appraisal Systems: HR Tools for Global Competitiveness
Response Books, New Delhi.
Blanchard, P. Nick and Thacker, James W. Effective Training - Systems, Strategies, and
Practices. Prentice Hall, Inc.
Baumgartner, Lisa & Merriam, Sharan B. (Eds.). Adult learning and development:
Multicultural stories. Malabar FL: Krieger.
Mackeracher, Dorothy. Making sense of adult learning. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
MARKETING MANAGEMENT
Pre Ph D Syllabus
Unit I: Introduction to marketing, Core concepts of Marketing; Marketing Vs Selling; Marketing Orientations; Marketing Environment; Buyer Behavior; Marketing Planning Process; Consumer value and satisfaction; Identification and Analysis of Competitors. Unit II: Market Segmentation and pricing, Targeting and Positioning strategies; Marketing Mix; The product, New Product Development, Product Life Cycle, Product Mix decisions, Branding, Packaging and Labeling. Factors influencing Price – five “C”s, Pricing Strategies; New product pricing. Unit III: Marketing Research: Need for market research ,types of marketing research ,stages of marketing research, Marketing environment , customer value proposition, Non segmented markets, purpose of segmentation and market entry, target market selection , stages of target marketing analysis business markets, analyzing consumer markets. Unit IV: Distribution Decisions; Channel alternatives; Choice of Channel; Channel Management, Channel Dynamics, Managing promotion Mix; Advertising, Personal selling, Sales Promotion and publicity, Integrated Marketing Communication. Unit V: Marketing Control techniques; Marketing Audit; Social Marketing; Green Marketing; Web Marketing, New product options and development. Learning Support: Recommended Text Book(s): 1. Philip Kotler & Gary Armstrong, Prafulla Y Agnihotri – Principle of Marketing- South Asian Perspective 13/e, Pearson, New Delhi. Reference Books: 1. V.S. Ramaswamy and S. Namakumari - Marketing Management Global perspective- Indian Context, 4th Edition, Mac Millan, New Delhi
2. Etzel, walker, Stanton and Pandit, Marketing: Concepts and Cases, TMH – New Delhi
3.K.Karunakaran: Marketing Management ,Text and cases,Himalaya,2009
3. Case Studies in Marketing - Indian context - R. Srinivas
4. Case study solutions - H. Kaushal
ORGANIZATION CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT
Unit I: Introduction to change, Overview of Change, Forces of Change, Types of Change,
Theoretical Frameworks of Organisational Change, Models of Change, Resistance to
Organisational change, Managing Change Through People, Dealing with Individuals, Dealing
with groups.
Unit II: Strategic Leverages to change: Organisational Resstructuring,Reorganizing work
Activities, process Oriented Strategies, competitor and customer oriented strategies, Managing
organisational culture and change, organisational Mental Modes and Managing change
Unit III: Introduction to organization development: The field of organization development,
definitions and historical overview of organization development values, assumptions, and beliefs
in OD
Unit IV: Theory and management of OD foundations of organization development managing the
OD process, action research and organization development, action research: a process and an
approach, examples of action research, organization development, concluding comments
Unit V: OD interventions: an overview of OD interventions, team interventions, intergroup and
third – party peace making interventions, comprehensive OD interventions, structural
interventions and the applicability of OD, training experiences, the future and organization
development
Reference books:
1. Management of Organisational Change: Leveraging
Transformation,K.Harigopal,Response Books, A division of Sage Publications
2. Change Management concepts and applications,Dr.Radha Sharma,Tata Mc Graw Hill
Publishing Company Limited. New Delhi.
3. Change Management ,CSV.Murthy,Himalayapublishing House,Pvt Ltd
4. Organization development: Behavioural science interventions for organization
improvement, 6/e, wendell l. French, cecil h. Bell, jr.
5. Organisation Development principles,Process,Performance; Gary N.McLean;Berrett-
Kohler Publications,Inc.
FINANCIAL SERVICES AND MARKETS
Unit – I: Financial Services:
Financial system and markets – Nature and scope of financial services – Financial intermediation
– Regulatory framework for financial services.
Unit - II: Asset Financing Services:
Leasing and hire-purchase – Debt securitization – Housing finance – Inter-corporate loans.
Unit – III: Merchant Banking Services:
Issue market and other services – Corporate advisory services – Market making process – SEBI
guidelines on merchant banking.
Unit – IV: Financial Market Operations:
Money market – types- Securities market - Stock exchange operations – Stock broking services –
Role of portfolio managers and registrars - Mutual funds – Regulations of SEBI on mutual fund
operations.
Unit – V: Allied Financial Services:
Venture capital – Insurance services – Factoring – Forfaiting -.Discounting – Depository system
– Custodian and custodial services – Credit rating - Credit cards.
Text Book:
1. Clifford Gomez, “Financial Markets, Institutions and Financial Services”, PHI, Eastern
Economy Edition, 2011
2. M Y Khan, “Financial Services”, TMH,2008
Reference Books:
1. Ravi M. Kishore, “Financial Management”, Taxmann’s, Sixth edition, 2005
2. L M Bhole, “Financial Institutions & Markets – Structure, Growth & Innovations”, TMH
4e, 2010
3. Anthony Saunders & Marcia Millon Cornett, “ Financial Markets & Institutions”, TMH,
2010
Journals:
1. International Journal of Financial Services Management
Journal of Financial Services Research
HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT
Unit-I Overview of Healthcare Sector in India: Internal and External environment of Healthcare
institutions – Understanding the Healthcare Systems – Evolution – Institutional Settings.
Registration and regulation of healthcare organization under Andhra Pradesh Private Medical
Care Establishment Act 2002; Health Policy – Population Policy – Drug Policy – Medical
Education Policy
Unit-II Services Management in Hospitals: Role of Medical, Nursing Staff, Paramedical and
Supporting Staff. Role of Supportive services: Clinical laboratories, radiological services,
medical records, front office, billing, staffing, housekeeping, transportation, dietary services,
emergency services, infection control, mortuary services.
Unit-III Patient Behavior and Marketing Strategy – Patient Involvement and Decision Making –
Information Search Process – Evaluating Criteria & reference groups. Patient Motivation –
Patient Perception- Audit of Patient Behaviour, Importance of improving the quality care of
patients, patient counseling for surgical procedures & treatment, grief counseling.
Unit-IV TQM in Hospitals: Need, Implementation and measurement of TQM, Internal
Customer-Supplier relationship, QFD, Quality Circles, Quality Improvement teams, team work
and motivation in TQM implementation, training and education to staff. Facets of quality,
quality planning, quality improvement methods, Kaizen, quality audits, medical audit, NABH
accreditation, nursing care standards, Six Sigma, JIT and NABL. ISO 14000, and ISO 18000
certification.
Unit-V Understanding the Hospital critical services Management: Contractual obligations in
hospital services, Medico Legal Issues, Legal remedies available to patients: Remedies under
contract law, tort, criminal law and consumer protection Act. Media management, protocols,
Bio-waste management, Medical Insurance, Health Schemes. MIS in hospitals & Medical
Records: Fatal documents – Medical Registers – Statutory records.
References:
1. BM Sakharkar, Principles of hospitals administration and planning, Jaypee Brothers publications.
2. Madhuri Sharma, Essentials for hospital support services and physical infrastructure, Jaypee Brothers
Publications.
3. R.K. Chaube, Consumer Protection and the Medical Profession, Jaypee Publishing, New Delhi, 2000
4. Shanmugansundaram, Y., Health Economics, Oxford Pub. New York.
5. Liz Haggard, Sarah Hosking, Healing the Hospital Environment: Design, Maintenance, and Management of
Healthcare Premises
6. S.L.GOEL, Healthcare Management and Administration, Deep & Deep publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Shailendra Nigam, Total Quality Management (An Integrated Approach), Excel Books, New Delhi, 2005.
8. James R Evans, James W Dean, Jr., Total Quality (Management, Organisation and Strategy), Excel Books,
New Delhi, 2nd
Edition.
9. Odgli GD: Medical Records, Organization and Management, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., New
Delhi, 2001.
10. Sadagopan.S, Management Information System, Prentice-Hall India Private Limited, New Delhi, 2004.
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Unit I: Foundations of Human Resource Development: Evolution of HRD, relationship between
HRM and HRD/Training. HRD structure and functions, Role and competencies of HRD
professionals, Challenges to HRD professionals, a frame work for the HRD process, Assessing
HRD Needs. Globalisation challenge to HRD and Technology challenge to HRD.
Unit II: Designing Training: Needs assessment, learning theories and program design, individual
differences in the learning process, learning strategies and styles, Training Evaluation, Training
and development methods.
Unit-III: Organization development : Organisation development Theories and concepts,
designing an Intervention strategy, types of interventions, Emerging concepts Kaizen,
Benchmarking, quality Consciousness, Learning Organisation, HRD diversity: organisational
culture, cross cultural education and training programs, HRD programs for culturally diverse
employees.
Unit IV: Strategies for Advancing HRD: Schools of Strategic Thinking, The strategic Roles of
HRD, Adopting a Strategic HRD Perspective, Scenario Building plus Strategic
planing.Accountability in HRD: The program Evaluation Approach to accountability, the
matrices Approach to accountability.
Unit V: Career management and development: Introduction, defining career concepts, stages of
life and career development, models of career development, the process of career management,
roles in career management, career development practices and activities, issues in career
development.
Recommended Text Book(s):
1. Noe, A Raymond, Employee Training and Development, (2010), Irwin Mc Graw-Hill,
U.S.A.
2. Foundations of Human Resource Development By Richard A. Swanson, Elwood F.
Holton, Ed Holton, Berrett-koehler Publishers (2001).
3. Werner and Desimone, Human Resource Development, Cengage learning, 2006
Reference Books:
1. PC Tripathi, Human Resource Development,Sulthan chand &sons
2. TV Rao, HRD Audit, Sage Publications, New Delhi, 2000.
3. Udai Pareek and TV Rao, Designing and Managing Human Resource Systems, Oxford
& IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 2003
4. Dharni Singh et al. (eds.), Aligning Human Resources Processes: Challenges of
Development, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company limited, New Delhi, 1996.
RETAIL MARKETING
Pre Ph D Syllabus
Unit-I: Retailing – Meaning, Nature- Factors Influencing Retailing- Functions of Retailing-
Types of Retailing-Retail Formats- Multichannel Retailing-Issues & Challenges; Emergence of
Organized Retailing in India. International Retailing- reasons for internationalization-assessment
of market environment and Market entry methods.
Unit-II: Setting up Retail organization - Store location strategy, factors affecting the Retail
location-Research and Techniques. Retail supply chain management- Sourcing and vender
selection- Uncertainty and Inventory Management; Innovations in Supply chain management.
Unit-III: Retail consumer behaviour and factors influencing buying behaviour – Segmentation -
Targeting- Positioning. Store Layout and Space planning- Types of Layouts- Visual
Merchandising- Techniques; Store Facade-Store environment- Exteriors, Interiors -Store
ambience-Store Atmospherics-Impulse Purchase.
Unit-III: Retail Pricing-Pricing Objectives -Pricing Methods-Price Adjustments-Pricing
Techniques for Increasing Sales- Sales promotion technique; Human Resource Management in
Retailing - Human Resource Planning - Recruitment - Selection - Training -Motivation and
Appraisal-Compensation and rewarding store employees- Legal and Regulatory issues.
Unit-V: Customer service-Importance- customer complaints- CRM in retailing – process –
planning and implementing loyalty programs- Impact of Technology on Retailing; E-tailing-
Issues and Challenges- Social Marketing in Retailing.
References:
1. Barry Berman Joel & R Evans, Retailing Management-A Strategic Approach, Pearson
Education, 2009.
2. Michael Levy, Burton A Weitz, Ajay Pundit- Retailing Mnagement,6/e, The Mc Graw -
Hill Companies, 2008.
3. Nicholas Alexander Anne Marie Doherty- International Retailing-Oxford University
Press.
4. RamKishen Y- International Retail Marketing Strategies- Jaico Publishing House-2009
5. Swapna Pradhan, Retailing Management Texts & Cases, 3/e-McGraw Hill, 2009.
6. A. J. Lamba, The art of Retailing, TMH, 2009.
7. Andrew J Newman & Petes Cullen, Cengage Learning, 2009.
8. Sinha, P.K and Uniyal D.P, Managing Retail, 2/e, Oxford University Press, 2007
9. Chetan Bajaj, Rajnish Tuli, Srivastava, N.V, Retail Management, Oxford University
Press, 2005
10. Narayan Rangaraj, G Raghuram and Srinivasan, Supply Chain Management for
Competitive Advantage Concepts and cases, TMH, 2009.
11. Rajesh Ray-Retail Logistics and Supply Chain Management, - The McGraw Hill
Companies.
RURAL MARKETING
UNIT-1:
Rural Marketing-Definition-Evolution-Characteristics of Indian Rural Market-Rural Marketing
vs Urban Marketing-Differentiating urban and rural markets-Opportunities and Challenges in
Indian Rural Markets.
UNIT-II:
Segmentation variables-Approaches for segmenting Indian Rural Markets-Consumer behavior in
rural markets-Differentiating consumer behavior in rural and urban markets-Rural market
research-Opportunities, challenges in rural marketing research.
UNIT-III:
Rural Marketing Mix-Additional Ps of Rural Marketing-4As of Rural Marketing Mix-New
Product Development for Rural Market-Rural Market Product Life Cycle-Pricing Strategies and
Promotion.
UNIT-IV:
Brand loyalty in Rural Markets-Channel Management-Indian Rural Retailing and Logistics
Management.
UNIT-V:
Marketing Strategies for Rural Marketing in FMCGs, Durables, Financial Services, Agricultural
sectors-e-rural marketing-Rural Market Mapping-Organised Rural Marketing-IT for Rural
Development.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
C.S.G Krishnamacharyulu, Lalitha Ramakrishnan: Rural Marketing: Text and Cases,
Pearson Education.
Kaushik Sircar: Rural Marketing, Himalaya
U.C. Mathur: Rural Marketing, Excel
R.V. Badi and N.V.Badi: Rural Marketing, Himalaya.
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Unit – 1: Understanding the supply chain, What Is supply chain, Objectives & Importance of
supply chain, Decision phases in supply chain, Process view of supply chain, Drivers of supply
chain.
Unit –II Designing Distribution Networks, The role of distribution in the supply chain , Factors
influencing distribution network, Design options for distribution Network, E- Business and the
distribution network, Distribution channels for FMCG sector, Transportation issues, Factors
influencing network design decisions, Models for facility location and Network optimization
models.
Unit- III Demand forecasting and Aggregate Planning, Methods & Characteristics of Demand ,
Forecasting , Fore casting techniques, Time series forecasting methods, Static fore casting
method, Adaptive forecasting method, Measures of forecasting error. The role of Aggregate
planning in SCM, Aggregate Planning strategies, Aggregate Planning using linear Programming,
The Role of It in Aggregate planning, Implementing Aggregate planning in practice.
Unit-–IV Managing Inventories in Supply Chain, Cycle Inventory, Estimating cycle Inventory
cost, Economies of scale to exploit fixed costs and , Quantity discounts, Short term discounting
,Trade promotions , Safety Inventory in Supply chain uncertainties, The role of IT in Inventory
Management, Estimating & Managing safety Inventory in Practice. E Business and the supply
chain, Impact Internet on a supply chain, Revenue impact of E- Business. Types of E business,
E Commerce, E procurement E collaboration, Implementing the E Business proposition
Unit – V Transportation and Sourcing in SCM, Role of transportation in SCM, Transportation
Infrastructure and policies, Design options for Transportation network and Trade offs, Risk
Management Transportation decisions in practice, Sourcing in SCM, In house or out source,
Third party and fourth party logistics. Returns management, Reverse logistics, Packaging return
and reuse, Strategic return process. Contracts, Risks sharing and supply chain performance
analysis, vendor analysis, the procurement process , Integrated Supply chain Management –
Lack of coordination and the Bullwhip Effect, Obstacles to coordination in a supply chain
building strategic partnership and trust within a supply chain
LEARNING SUPPORT:
a) Recommended Text Books:
1. Chopra,S, and P. Meindl, Supply chain Management – strategy Planning and operation, 4th
Pearson Education Inc., 2010.
2. Raghuram, G. and N. Rangaraj, Logistics and supply chain Management: Cases and concepts,
Macmillan, New Delhi,2010.
3. Simchi-Levi, D., P. Kaminski and E,Simchi- Levi, designing and Managing the supply chain
: Concepts, strategies and case studies,2nd
edition,Irwin,McGraw-Hill,2003.
4.Shapiro, J., Modeling the supply chain, Duxbury Thomson Learning,2001.
Banking Theory and Practice
Unit I: Introduction – Origin of banking – Definition- Banker and Customer relationship –
General and special types of customers – Types of deposits – Origin and growth of Commercial
Banks in India, functions of Commercial banks.
Unit II : Sources and uses of Funds in a Bank: A Bank’s Balance sheet – Statement of Sources
and uses of Funds, A bank’s Profit and loss Account, Books of Accounts in Banks.
Unit III: Banking lending – Principles of Sound lending – Secured VS Unsecured advances –
Types of advances – Advances against various securities.
Unit IV: Banking Instruments - Cheques – Crossing – Endorsement – Meaning – Definition –
Types – Rules – Bank Draft – Traveler’s Cheques – Credit Cards and Debit Cards – Master
Cards.
Unit V: Payment and settlement systems: Payment Methods–Electronic Funds Transfers (EFTs)–
Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) – Electronic Clearing Service (ECS) – Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI) – Financial networks in India – Real Time Gross Settlement System(RTGS) –
Public Key Infrastructure –Digital certificate - Payment and Settlement Systems, RTGS and
Clearing House.
Recommended Text Book(s):
1. Clifford Gomez, Banking and Finance Theory and Practice, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
2. K.P.M. Sundharam, P.N. Varshney, Banking Theory Law & Practice - Sultan Chand &
Sons - New Delhi.
3.
Reference Books:-
1. K.P.M. Sundharam, Money, Banking & International Trade -Sulltan Chand & Sons New
Delhi.
2. Jyotsna Sethi and nishwan Bhatia, Elements of banking and Insurance, PHI learning
Private limited.
3. S.V. Vasudevan, Theory of Banking - S.Chand & Company Ltd., - New Delhi.
4. Bank Management and Financial Services, Peters S. Rose and Sylvia C. Hudgins, Tata
Mc Graw Hill.
5. Padmalatha &Justin Paul, Management of Banking and financial services, Pearson.
K L University
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Pre-Ph.D. Syllabus & Model Paper for VI Batch (admitted in 2013-14)
AI TECHNIQUES IN POWER SYSTEMS
Syllabus
UNIT-I ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK:
Fundamentals of artificial neural networks – Basic concepts of neural networks - Biological
Prototype - Artificial neuron – Basic models of artificial neural networks - connections–
learning - Activation functions - Important terminologies of ANN - Neural Network
Architecture - Single layer artificial neuron networks - Multilayer artificial neuron networks –
Recurrent networks.
UNIT-II SUPERVISED LEARNING NETWORK:
Perceptron Network – Perceptron learning rule - Architecture- Perceptron training algorithms –
Adaline – Architecture –Madaline - Architecture – Training Algorithms - Architecture of Back
Propagation Network- Back Propagation Learning– Input layer computation– Hidden layer
computation – Output layer computation– Back Propagation Algorithms.
UNIT-III FUZZY LOGIC
Introduction – Fuzzy sets- basic Fuzzy set operations – Properties of Fuzzy sets - Membership
function- features of membership function - Fuzzy Inference Systems - Methods of FIS –
defuzzification methods – centroid method – weighted average method
UNIT-IVGENETIC ALGORITHMS:
Introduction- Characteristics of Genetic algorithms- Basic operators and Terminologies in Gas -
search space – Effects of Genetic operators - Traditional Algorithm Vs Genetic Algorithm -
Simple GA - General Genetic Algorithm
UNIT-V APPLICATION TO ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS:
ANN based Short Term Load Forecasting - load flow studies - Fuzzy Logic based Unit
Commitment and Genetic Algorithm based Economic Dispatch
TEXT BOOKS:
1. S.N.Sivanandam & S.N.Deepa, “Principles of Soft Computing”, Wiley India (P) Ltd., 1st
Indian Edition 2008
2. J.S.R. Jang, C.T. Sun, E. Mizutani “Neuro Fuzzy and Soft Computing”, Pearson
education.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. D.E Goldberg,” Genetic Algorithms”, Addison – Wisley 1999
2. Bast kosko, “Neural networks &Fuzzy systems”, Prentice Hall.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PLANNING & AUTOMATION
Unit-I: Distribution system planning and load characteristics:
Planning and forecasting techniques, present and future role of computer, load characteristics, load
forecasting, methods of forecasting, regression analysis, correlation analysis and time series analysis, load
management, tariff, diversified demand method,
and metering of energy.
Unit-II: Distribution transformers:
Types, Regulation and Efficiency, use of monograms for obtaining efficiency, distribution factors, KW -
KVA-Method of determining regulation.
Design of sub transmission lines and distribution substation: Introduction, sub transmission systems,
distribution substation, substation bus schemes, description and comparison of switching schemes,
substation location and rating, application of network flow techniques in rural distribution networks to
determine optimum location of substation.
Unit-III: Design considerations on primary systems:
Introduction, types of feeders, voltage levels, radial type feeders, feeders with uniformly distributed load
and non-uniformly distributed loads.
Design considerations of secondary systems: Introduction, secondary voltage levels, secondary banking
existing systems improvement.
Unit-IV: Capacitors in distribution systems and distribution system protection:
Effects of series and shunt capacitors, justification of capacitors, procedure to determine optimum
capacitor size and location, basic definition and types of over current protection device, objective of
distribution system protection, coordination of protective devices.
Unit-V: Distribution system automation:
Reforms in power sector, methods of improvement, reconfiguration, reinforcement, automation,
communication systems, sensors, automation systems architecture, software and open architecture, RTU
and data communication, SCADA requirement and application functions, GIS/GPS based mapping of
distribution network, communication protocol for distribution systems, integrated substation, metering
systems, revenue improvement, issuing multiyear tariff and availability based tariff, Grounding system:
earth and safety, nature and size of earth electrodes, design of earthing schemes.
Text Books:
1. Electrical Power Distribution Engineering by Turan Gonen, McGraw Hill.
Reference Books:
1. Electrical Power Distribution by A. S. Pabla, TMH, 5th Ed., 2004
FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS SYLLABUS
UNIT-I: FACTS Concept and General System Considerations Introduction to Facts devices, Power Flow in AC system, Dynamic stability Considerations and
the importance of the controllable parameters, Definitions on FACTS, Basic types of FACTS
Controllers, Basic concept of voltage source converters, Single phase, three phase full wave
bridge converters operation, Transformer connections for 12 pulse, 24 and 48 pulse operation. UNIT-II: CONVERTERS Three level voltage source converter, pulse width modulation converter, Design of PWM
converter to reduce the harmonics, basic concept of current source Converters, Comparison of
current source converters with voltage source converters. UNIT-III: Static shunt Compensators SVC and STATCOM Operation & characteristics and Control of TSC, TSR, STATCOM,
Comparison between SVC and STATCOM – STATCOM for transient and dynamic stability
enhancement. UNIT-IV: Static Series Compensation GCSC, TSSC, TCSC and SSSC Operation and Control External system Control for series
Compensator SSR and its damping – Static Voltage and Phase angle Regulators - TCVR and
TCPAR –Operation and Control. UNIT-V: UPFC and IPFC The unified power flow Controller – Operation –Comparison with other FACTS devices –
control of P and Q – dynamic performance – special Purpose FACTS controllers – Interline
Power flow Controller – Operation and Control. Text Books:
1. N.G Hingorani & L.Gyugyi “ Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission System” , IEEE Press,2000
2. K.R.Padiyar “FACTS Controller in power Transmission and Distribution” New Age Int
Publisher,2007 Reference Books:
1. Ned Mohan et.al “Power Electronics” John Wiley & Sons
2. T.J.E Miller, “Reactive power control in electric Systems” John Wiley & sons.
POWER ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF DRIVES
SYLLABUS
Unit-I Control of induction motor, Review of steady-state operation of Induction motor, Equivalent circuit analysis, torque-speed characteristics. Voltage Source Inverter Fed Induction motor drives &Current Source Inverter Fed Induction motor drives. Control of induction by Slip power recovery schemes.
Unit-II Vector control of Induction Motor: Principles of vector control, Direct vector control, derivation of indirect vector control, implementation – block diagram; estimation of flux, flux weakening operation.
Unit-III Control of Synchronous motor drives: Synchronous motor and its characteristics- Control strategies-Constant torque angle control- power factor control, constant flux control, flux weakening operation, Load commutated inverter fed synchronous motor drive, motoring and regeneration, phasor diagrams. PMSM and BLDC control of Drives, control of Variable Reluctance Motor Drive
Unit-IV Speed control of dc Motors-Different types of speed control techniques by using single phase& three phase ac systems closed loop control of phase controlled DC motor Drives. Open loop Transfer function of DC Motor drive- Closed loop Transfer function of DC Motor drive –Phase-Locked loop control.
Unit- V Closed loop control of chopper fed DC motor Drives, Speed controlled drive system – current control loop – pulse width modulated current controller – hysteresis current controller – modeling of current controller – design of current controller.
Text Books: 1. Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives –B. K. Bose-Pearson Publications-
2. Electric Motor Drives- R.Krishanan- Prentice Hall, Indian Edition.
REFERENCES: 1. Power Electronics and Motor Control – Shepherd, Hulley, Liang – II Edition, Cambridge
University Press 2. Power Electronic Circuits, Devices and Applications – M. H. Rashid – PHI.
3. Fundamentals of Electrical Drives by GK Dubey, Narosa Publishers.
POWER QUALITY
SYLLABUS
Unit I: Introduction
Introduction of the Power Quality (PQ) problem, Terms used in PQ: Voltage, Sag, Swell,
Surges, Harmonics, over voltages, spikes, Voltage fluctuations, Transients, Interruption,
overview of power quality phenomenon, Remedies to improve power quality, power quality
monitoring
Unit II: Long Interruptions
Interruptions – Definition – Difference between failure, outage, Interruptions – causes of Long
Interruptions – Origin of Interruptions – Limits for the Interruption frequency – Limits for the
interruption duration – Short interruptions
Unit III: Short Interruptions
Definition, origin of short interruptions, basic principle, fuse saving, voltage magnitude events
due to re-closing, voltage during the interruption, monitoring of short interruptions, difference
between medium and low voltage systems. Multiple events, single phase tripping – voltage and
current during fault period, voltage and current at post fault period, stochastic prediction of short
interruptions.
Unit IV: Voltage sag – characterization – Single phase
Voltage sag – definition, causes of voltage sag, voltage sag magnitude, monitoring, theoretical
calculation of voltage sag magnitude, voltage sag calculation in non-radial systems, meshed
systems, voltage sag duration - Three phase faults, phase angle jumps, magnitude and phase
angle jumps for three phase unbalanced sags, load influence on voltage sags.
Unit V: Mitigation of Interruptions and Voltage Sags
Overview of mitigation methods – from fault to trip, reducing the number of faults, reducing the
fault clearing time changing the power system, installing mitigation equipment, improving
equipment immunity, different events and mitigation methods. System equipment interface –
voltage source converter, series voltage controller, shunt controller, combined shunt and series
controller.
Text books:
1. Math H J Bollen, “Understanding Power Quality Problems: voltage sags and interruptions”,
Wiley-IEEE Press, 1999.
2. Roger C Dugan, Surya Santoso, Mark F. McGranaghan, H. Wayne Beaty, “Electrical power
systems quality”, Second edition, 2002.
Reference Book:
1. Angelo Baggini, “Hand book of power quality”, wiley publications, 2008.
POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DYNAMICS
SYLLABUS
UNIT-I: POWER SYSTEM STABILITY
Basic definitions, statement of the problem, elementary model, Swing equations, power angle
equations, Natural frequencies of oscillations, and single-machine-infinite bus system-Equal area
criterion-classical model of a multi machines systems.
UNIT-II: RESPONSE TO SMALL DISTURBANCES
The unregulated synchronous machine, Modes of oscillations of an unregulated multi machine
system, regenerated synchronous machine, Distribution of power impacts.
UNIT-III: SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE
Reactance and Time constants of a synchronous machine- Basic notions and relation to short
circuit oscillogram. Circuit equations of Synchronous machine and parks Transformations,
Vector diagrams in steady state and transient state, Power angle curves of a salient pole machine,
a procedure for multi machines systems, effect of saturation, effect of damper windings as
stability, damper action explained by theory of induction - motor.
UNIT-IV: EXCITATION SYSTEMS
Typical Excitations configurations and excitation, (Automatic) Voltage regulators, Exciter Build-
up, excitation system response and computer representations of excitations systems (types 1, 2,
3 and 4).
UNIT-V: EFFECT OF EXCITATION ON STABILITY
Effect on (a) Power limits, (b) Transient stability, (c) Dynamic stability, approximate excitation
system representation, supplementary stabilizing signals.
Text Books:
1. P.M.Anderson and A.A.Foud, “Power System Control and Stability”, The IOWA
state university press: AMES, IOWA, USA-GALGOTIA Publications (Indian English Language
Edn.1981).
2. Edward Wilson Kim bark, “Power System Stability: Synchronous Machines”,
Volume 3 Dover publications Inc., New York(1961)
Reference Books:
1. M. Powella & P. G. Murthy, “Transient Stability of Power Systems - Theory & Practice”,
John Wiley Publications.(1994).
2. Charles & Concordia, “Mathematical Modeling of Synchronous Machines” John Willy &
Sons, New York, 1951.
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
UNIT-I:Introduction to Alternate Propulsion Systems: History and working principle of hybrid
vehicles, configurations of hybrid vehicles, case studies of hybrid vehicles, fuel oil reserves and
depletion, the need for alternate propulsion devices, introduction to electric vehicle, introduction
to hybrid vehicle.
UNIT-II: Motors and Drives: Electromagnetic force, torque production from electromagnets,
working principle of DC motor, variants of DC motors, torque-speed characteristics of DC
motors, speed control of DC motors, merits and limitations of DC motors, Introduction to AC
motors, Induction, permanent magnet and switched reluctance motors: working principle,
torque-speed characteristics and control.
UNIT-III: Battery Technology: Energy density of various energy sources and storage devices,
basics of battery, working principle, construction, of lead-acid, nickel cadmium, nickel metal
hydride and lithium ion batteries, high voltage battery, various configurations of battery,
maintenance free and low maintenance battery, recombination battery, AGM and valve regulated
battery, battery capacity, current and voltage characteristics during charging and discharging,
battery modeling, Peukart Capacity and discharging, battery failure modes, good practices of
battery maintenance.
UNIT-IV: Energy Storage Devices for Hybrid Vehicles: Super capacitor, ultra capacitor, fly
wheel technology, Vehicle dynamics, tractive effort, aerodynamic resistance, maximum tractive
effort limited by ground adhesion, acceleration performance, gradeability, maximum speed of a
vehicle, Working principle of fuel cell, various types of fuel cells and details, performance and
efficiency of fuel cells, fuel cell voltage pattern, fuel cell vehicles, supply and storage of
hydrogen.
UNIT-V: Design of Plug-in Electric Vehicle (EV): Requirement of drive train of EV, various
configurations of drive train in EV, transmissions systems, motor sizing for EV, tractive effort
and transmission requirement, general EV configuration, Energy consumption pattern in EV,
driving pattern in EV, control of EV,Case studies of series and parallel hybrid vehicle design
practices.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Jefferson, C.M., Barnard and R.H., Hybrid Vehicle Propulsion, WIT Press, Boston, 2002
2. Husain and Iqbal, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles : Design Fundamentals, CRC Press, London,
2003
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. International Journal of Electric and Hybrid Vehicle, Inderscience Publications.
2. International Journal of Alternate Propulsion, Inderscience Publications. 3. Erjavec, Jack, Arias and Jeff Hybrid, Electric and Fuel-Cell Vehicles, Thomson, Australia,
2007
ELECTRICAL MACHINE MODELING AND ANALYSIS
SYLLABUS Unit I: Basic concepts of Modeling Basic Two-pole Machine representation of Commutator machines, 3-phase synchronous machine with and without damper bars and 3-phase induction machine, Kron’s primitive Machine - voltage, current and Torque equations. DC Machine Modeling Mathematical model of separately excited D.C motor – Steady State analysis-Transient State analysis-Sudden application of Inertia Load-Transfer function of Separately excited D.C Motor- Mathematical model of D.C Series motor, Shunt motor-Linearization Techniques for small perturbations Unit II: Reference frame theory Real time model of a two phase induction machine- Transformation to obtain constant matrices-three phase to two phase transformation-Power equivalence. Dynamic modeling of three phase Induction Machine Generalized model in arbitrary reference frame-Electromagnetic torque-Derivation of commonly used Induction machine models- Stator reference frame model-Rotor reference frame model-Synchronously rotating reference frame model-Equations in flux linkages-per unit model Unit III: Small Signal Modeling of Three Phase Induction Machine Small signal equations of Induction machine-derivation-DQ flux linkage model derivation-control principle of Induction machine. Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical 2 phase Induction Machine Analysis of symmetrical 2 phase induction machine-voltage and torque equations for unsymmetrical 2 phase induction machine-voltage and torque equations in stationary reference frame variables for unsymmetrical 2 phase induction machine-analysis of steady state operation of unsymmetrical 2 phase induction machine- single phase induction motor - Cross field theory of single-phase induction machine. Unit IV: Modeling of Synchronous Machine Synchronous machine inductances –voltage equations in the rotor’s dq0 reference frame-electromagnetic torque-current in terms of flux linkages-simulation of three phase synchronous machine- modeling of PM Synchronous motor. Unit V: Dynamic Analysis of Synchronous Machine Dynamic performance of synchronous machine, three-phase fault, comparison of actual and approximate transient torque characteristics, Equal area criteria Text Books: 1. R. Krishnan, “Electric Motor Drives - Modeling, Analysis& control”, Pearson Publications, 1st edition, 2002. 2. P.C.Krause, Oleg Wasynczuk, Scott D.Sudhoff, “Analysis of Electrical Machinery and Drive systems”, IEEE Press, Second Edition. Reference Books: 1. P.S.Bimbra, “Generalized Theory of Electrical Machines” Khanna publications, 5th edition-1995 2. Dynamic simulation of Electric machinery using MATLAB / Simulink –Chee Mun Ong- Prentice Hall.
MODERN CONTROL THEORY
SYLLABUS
UNIT–I: DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTMES
Introduction, Signal Reconstruction, Difference Equation, Z Transfor Function, Response of Linear
Discrete Systems, Z Transform Analysis of Discrete data Control Systems, Z and S Domain Relation ship,
Stability of Discrete systems.
UNIT- II: STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
Introduction, State Descriptions of Digital Processors, State Description of sampled continuous time
plants, Solution of State difference equations, Controllability and Observability
UNIT-III : NONLINEAR SYSTEMS
Introduction – Non Linear Systems - Types of Non-Linearities – Saturation – Dead-Zone - Backlash –
Jump Phenomenon etc;– Singular Points – Introduction to Linearization of nonlinear systems, Properties
of Non-Linear systems – Describing function–describing function analysis of nonlinear systems –
Stability analysis of Non-Linear systems through describing functions
.UNIT-IV: STABILITY ANALYSIS
Stability in the sense of Lyapunov, Lyapunov’s stability and Lypanov’s instability theorems - Stability
Analysis of the Linear continuous time invariant systems by Lyapunov second method– Direct method of
Lyapunov – Generation of Lyapunov functions – Variable gradient and Krasoviskii’s methods –
estimation of transients using Lyapunov functions.
UNIT- V : OPTIMAL CONTROL
Introduction to optimal control - Formulation of optimal control problems – calculus of variations –
fundamental concepts, functionals, variation of functionals – fundamental theorem of Calculus of
variations – boundary conditions – constrained minimization – formulation using Hamiltonian method –
Linear Quadratic regulator
TEXT BOOKS:
1.M.Gopal – Digital Control and state variable methods, Tata Mcgraw’Hill, 2nd
eddition
2.M.Gopal - Mpdern Control System Theory - New Age International (P.Ltd,) 2nd
eddition,1984
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Stafani etal , “Design of Feedback control Systems” – Oxford Press, 4th
eddition.
2. Ogata K, “Modern Control Engineering,” Prentice Hall, 4th
eddition.
POWER ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS – I
SYLLABUS
Unit I : POWER ELECTRONICS DEVICES:
power electronic devices – SCR, Theory of operation of SCR, Two transistor model of SCR, Characteristics
and ratings, SCR turn on and turn off methods, Firing circuits, DIAC, TRIAC, IGBT, MOSFET and their
characteristics , MTO,ETO , IGCTs , MOS-controlled thyristors(MCTs) – Static Induction Thyristors (SITHs) –
Power integrated circuits (PICs) – symbol, structure and equivalent circuit – comparison of their features.
Unit II : NATURAL COMMUTATED CONVERTERS:
AC to DC Converter- single phase controlled rectifier bridge type - with R load- RL load- with and without
FWD- analysis & wave forms- three phase controlled rectifier bridge type with R, RL loads with & without
FEWD- analysis & waveforms – performance factors of natural commutated converters - advantages-
applications - power factor improvements.
Unit III : AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS:
Single phase Ac voltage controllers- with R & RL loads- Analysis & waveforms- three phase AC voltage
controllers- analysis& wave forms – AC synchronous tap changers - Matrix converters, cyclo converters
Unit IV : PWM INVERTERS (single phase)
Bridge type- Single phase Inverters. MC Murray- Bedford inverter- and their analysis & waveforms – Bridge
type three phase Inverters with different modes. CSI-some applications- comparison of VSI & CSI. Simple
problems. PWM and their methods, Advanced modulation techniques for improved performance, stepped,
harmonic injection and delta modulation, Advantages, application
Unit V : D.C - D.C. Converters.
Analysis of step-down and step-up dc to dc converters with resistive and Resistive-inductive loads – Switched
mode regulators – Analysis of Buck Regulators - Boost regulators – buck and boost regulators – Cuk
regulators – Condition for continuous inductor current and capacitor voltage – comparison of regulators –
Multiouput boost converters – advantages – applications – Numerical problems.
Text books:
1. Power Electronics – Mohammed H. Rashid – Pearson Education –Third Edition – First Indian reprint
2004.
2. . Power Electronics – Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland and William P. Robbins – John Wiley AND Sons –
Second Edition
Reference Books:
1. Power Electronics by W.Launder
2. Industrial Electronics & Robotics by Shaler & C.Menamee
POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
UNIT-I
Need for protection systems: Nature and causes of faults, types of faults, effects of faults,fault
statistics, evolution of protective relays, zones of protection, primary & back up protection, essential
qualities of protection, classification of protective relays and schemes, CT, PT, summation
transformer, phase -sequence current segregating network.
UNIT-II
Protection of Power System Equipment -Generator, Transformer, Generator-Transformer Units,
Transmission Systems, Bus-bars, Motors.
UNIT-III
Pilot wire and Carrier Current Schemes; Use of optical fibers for protection schemes. System
grounding –ground faults and protection; Load shedding and frequency relaying; Out of step relaying;
Re-closing and synchronizing
UNIT-IV
Static Relays: Advantages of static relays, working principles of static impedance, static reactance
using phase comparator, static distance, static over current, static differential relay using amplitude
comparator, use of sampling comparator.
UNIT -V
Microprocessor based protection relays –Working principles of P based over current, impedance,
reactance directional, reactance (distance) & mho relays – digital relaying algorithms, various
transform techniques employed like discrete Fourier, Walsh-Hadamard, Haar, microprocessor
implementation of digital distance relaying algorithms –protection of lines against lightning &
traveling waves.
TEXT BOOKS: 1. 1.T.S. Madhava Rao, “Power System Protection: Static Relays With Microprocessor
Applications”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2nd
edition.
2. Badri Ram & DN Viswakarma, “Power System Protection & Switch Gear”, McGraw Hill
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. 1.A.R. Van C. Washington, “Protective Relays Their Theory & Practice”, Vol.I & II, John
2. Wiley & Sons.
3. Singh L.P ,Digital Protection, Protective Relaying from Electromechanical to Microprocessor,
John Wiley & Sons, 1994
4. 3.D. Robertson, “Power System Protection –Reference Manual”, Oriel Press, London, 1982.
5. 4.C.R. Mason, “The art and science of protective relaying”, John Wiley &sons.
6. 5.S. Sunil Rao, “Switch Gear & Protection”, Khanna Publisher’s, Delhi