INTRODUCTION TO REGIONAL ANATOMY

Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D. 30. September 2014 Tuesday

topographical anatomy organization of the human body as major parts or segments

Head

Neck

Trunk thorax, abdomen, back, & pelvis/perineum

Upper limbs & lower limbs

Anterior aspect of the leg

Diaphragm divides body cavity into thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities.Mediastinum contains all structures of the thoracic cavity except the lungs.

CAVITIES IN THE BODY

Ventral Body Cavity Membranes

Parietal serosa lines internal body walls.Visceral serosa covers the internal organs.Cavity between two membranes filled with lubricating serous fluid that is produced by the membranes.

Serous Membranes: Named for Their Specific Cavities& Organs

Pericardium refers to heart.

Pleura refers to lungs and thoracic cavity.

Peritoneum refers to abdominopelvic cavity.

Oral and digestive – mouth and cavities of the digestive organsNasal –located within and posterior to the noseOrbital – house the eyesMiddle ear – contain bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrationsSynovial – joint cavities

Other Body Cavities

Head & neck

Upper limb

Thorax

Abdomen

Back

Pelvis & Perineum

Lower limb

REGIONS IN THE BODY

HEADNeurocraniumSkeleton of the

face

NECKtransitional area between base of the cranium superiorly

clavicles inferiorly

joins the head to the trunk and limbsmajor conduit for structures passing between

them.

several important organs with unique functions located here

UPPER LIMBshoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand

Shoulder area of upper limb attachment to trunk Arm between shoulder & elbow joint

Forearm between elbow joint & wrist joint

Hand distal to the wrist joint

UPPER LIMB

Bone framework of the shoulder clavicle and scapula, form the pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle); proximal end of the humerus

SHOULDERproximal segment of the limb

overlaps parts of the trunk (thorax and back) and lower lateral neck

UPPER LIMB

overlies half of the pectoral girdle.pectoral (shoulder) girdle

a bony ringformed by scapulae and clavicles

completed anteriorly by the upper part of the sternum

SHOULDER

Formed by ClavicleScapulaUpper thoracic wallHumerus Related muscles

AXILLAUPPER LIMB

area of transition between the neck and the arm

Arm first segment of the free upper

limb

between shoulder & elbow Humerus

Forearm second longest segment of the

limb

between elbow & wrist (L. carpus) Radius & Ulna

UPPER LIMB

Hand L. manus

part of the upper limb distal to the forearm

UPPER LIMB

WristPalmDorsum of handDigits (fingers)

THORAX

.

between the neck and abdomen

THORACIC SKELETON forms the osteocartilaginous thoracic cage

protects the thoracic viscera and some abdominal organs.

12 pairs of ribs & associated costal cartilages

12 thoracic vertebrae & intervertebral discs

Sternum

ABDOMENbetween thorax & pelvis (pelvic inlet)

organs of the alimentary system and part of the urogenital system

Containment of the abdominal organs and their

contents provided by

musculoaponeurotic walls anterolaterally, diaphragm superiorly, muscles of the

pelvis inferiorly

BACK

Bony elementsmainly vertebrae+ proximal elements of the ribs+ superior aspects of the pelvic bones+ posterior basal regions of the skull

posterior aspect of the body provides the musculoskeletal axis of support for the trunk.

BACKspinal cord and proximal parts of the spinal nerves

send and receive information to and from most of the body.

PELVISfrom the pelvic inlet to the pelvic diaphragm

PERINEUMbetween the sex organs and the anus

part of the trunk inferoposterior to abdomen area of transition between trunk & lower limbs

pelvic cavity inferiormost part of the abdominopelvic cavity

PELVIC GIRDLEPelvis surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis)

formed by three bones Right and left hip bones (coxal bones; pelvic bones) fusion of three bones, the ilium, ischium, and pubis

Sacrum

connects the vertebral column to the two femora

LOWER LIMBGluteal region between the iliac crest and the fold of skin (gluteal fold)

Thigh

Knee

Leg

Ankle

Foot

transitional region between the trunk and free lower limbs

LOWER LIMB GLUTEAL REGION

between gluteal, abdominal, and perineal regions proximally knee region distally

most of the femur (thigh bone)

LOWER LIMB FEMORAL REGION

distal femur and proximal tibiahead of the fibulapatella (knee capjoints between these bony structures

posterior region of the knee (L. poples) popliteal fossa

LOWER LIMB KNEE REGION

Leg region between knee joint & ankle joint

most of the tibia (shin bone) fibula (calf bone)

Ankle region(L. tarsus)

talocrural region (L. regio talocruralis)

Foot

(L. pes) or foot region (L. regio pedis) distal part of the lower limb

LOWER LIMB

LOWER LIMB