kaf en onkruid beheer op die bankie met dekgewasse · • bsc agric (viticulture and oenology)...
TRANSCRIPT
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Kaf en Onkruid Beheer op die Bankie met Dekgewasse
Sonder arbeid en gebruik minder onkruiddoders
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Stoney Steenkamp
• BSc Agri (Wingerd en Wyn) - 2006
• Wingerdboukundige 2007-2017
• Soek maniere om:
– insetkostes te verminder
– produksie en kwaliteit verbetering
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Stoney Steenkamp
• In 2008 (na Graeme Sait Seminaar) besefbelangrikheid van biologiese component virgrond vrugbaarheid
– proef Manure, Kompos. Kompostees enHumien/Fulviensure
• In 2017 verlaat Kelder om passie virgrondgesondheid en dekgewasse te leef
– Leer daagliks baie by boere
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Hoekom Dekgewasse
• Geïnspireer deur storie van Gabe Brown en sydekgewasse-sisteem
• Vermeerder soilcarbon van 1.5% tot 6% (20 jaar)
• Geen kunsmis en chemie benodig,
• 1 onkruidspuit elke 3 jaar
• Gesien dat dit die beste (dalk enigste) enbekostigbaarste manier is om koolstof in grondte kry
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Uitdaging in Vredendal
• Lae reënvalstreek
• Drupbesproeiing
• Dekgewasse werk selde
tussen rye
Hoekom plant ons nie die dekgewasse op die bankie,naby die drupper nie?
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Herlewingslandboudag 2018
• Dekgewasse is die antwoord vir koolstof in grond
• Ons plant dekgewasse in die middel van die ry,maar dis nie waar die wortels groei nie
• Ek moet dekgewasse op die bankie plant om die grond te verbeter – daar waar die wortelsis
• Die drupper kan die dekgewasse op die bankiebesproei indien reën onvoldoende is
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Ons het dekgewasse op die bankie geplant.
Die resultate was verstommend!
Wil jy sien hoe is dit gedoen?
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Waarneming 1
• Waterindringing verhoog
• Verdigting verminder
– sonder rip-aksie
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• Onkruid groei nie
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Waarneming 2
• Onkruid groei nie
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Waarneming 3
• 4 Weke na bot – dekgewas word doodgemaak
– Voorkom kompetisie met gewas
• Baie kaf op die bankie – bewaar grondvog
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Wat het dekgewasse gekos?
• Planter wat 2 rye weerskante van drupper plant kos R137 500
= R150 p uur (Vinpro)
• 2x4 Trekker met 60L ph Hidroliese vloei (74 pk) is R330 000
= R225 p uur (Vinpro)
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Wat het dekgewasse gekos?
Planter (R150/h)
Trekker (R225/h)
Drywer (R25/h)
Saad
Kunsmis
R400/h x 1.5 h/ha = R 600/ha
= R 350/ha
= R 350/ha
= R1300/haTotale Plantkoste
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Waarde van die dekgewasse
• Kaf @ R15/baal per vak x 600 vakke∴ 600 bale /ha =R 9000 /ha
• Arbeid en vervoer van kaf na wingerd =R 2500 /ha• Besparing aan onkruiddoders =R 1000 /ha• Vaalskraalhans beheer =R 500 /ha
R13000/ha
Dekgewasse op die bankie : R1300/ha
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Dekgewasse
Planter (R150/h) + Trekker (R225/h) + Drywer (R25/h) x 1.5 uur per ha
= R 600/ha
Saad = R 350/ha
Kunsmis = R 350/ha
Vergelyking
Sonder dekgewasse
Kaf =R 9000 /ha
Arbeid + vervoer =R 2500 /ha
Onkruiddoders =R 1000 /ha
Vaalskraalhans =R 500 /ha
R13 000 / ha R1 300 / ha
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Bonus met dekgewasse
• Verdere voordele:
–Wortels in die grond
–Koolstofverhoging
–Kunsmis vermindering
–Waterhouvermoë
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Stoney Landboudienste
Planter (R150/h) + Trekker (R225/h) + Drywer(R25/h) = R400/h
x 1.5 uur per ha = R 600/ha
Saad = R 350/ha
Kunsmis = R 350/ha
Totale Plantkoste R1300/ha
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Wat doen die ander boere?
• Kleinjan:4 rye na 93 ha
• J Teubes: 0 na 116 ha
• A Jordaan: hele plaas vir 2de jaar
• Voorsorg: 0 tot 30 ha
• Dessie: 40 ha tafeldruiwe
• Kleinbegin: 40 ha tafeldruiwe
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• Kaf @ R15/baal per vak x 600 vakke∴ 600 bale /ha =R 9000 /ha
• Arbeid en vervoer van kaf na wingerd =R 2500 /ha• Besparing aan onkruiddoders =R 1000 /ha• Vaalskraalhans beheer =R 500 /ha
R13 000/ha
…dan is R1 300/ha die moeite werd
Indien dit slegs een van die volgende vervang:
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083 659 5716
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Hay and weeds control on “bankie” of Vineyards with Covercrops
Without labour and with less herbicides
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Stoney Steenkamp
• BSc Agric (Viticulture and Oenology) – 2006
• Viticulturist 2007-2017
• Looking for ways to:
– Decrease cost of production
– Increase of yield and quality
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Stoney Steenkamp
• In 2008 (at Graeme Sait Seminar) realised importance of biological component of soils for productions
– Manures, Compost, compost tee, Humic/Fulvic acids and cover crops
• In 2017 quit as Viticulturist to live passion for soil health and regenerative agriculture
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Why Cover Crops?
• Inspired by Gabe Brown’s story
• Increased his soil carbon from 1.5% to 6% (20 years)
• He uses no fertilizers or pesticides with 25% higher yield than county average
• I have never seen any system that could have increased carbon so effectively other than nature
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Challenges in Vredendal
• Low annual rainfall
– (below 150mm/annum)
• Drip irrigation
• Cover crops a real challenge in work row
Thought: Wouldn’t it be possible to cultivate cover crops on the bankie/near the dripper
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Annual soil health day 2018
• We need to plant cover crops in the rootzone of Vineyards (in irrigation zone)
• Drip could irrigate cover crops if cover crops are near dripper
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We built a planter and planted cover crops on the bankie
The results were impressive
Do you want to see how it’s done?
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Observation 1
• Water infiltration increased
• Soil compaction decreased
– Without mechanical ripping
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• Onkruid groei nie
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Observation 2
• Decrease in weeds
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Observation 3
• Need to kill cover crops not later than 4 weeks after budburst
– Need to prevent competition
• Lots of hay on bankie and conservation of soil moisture
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What did it costs?
• The planter that plants 2 rows on both sides of the dripper = R137 500
= R150 p hour (Vinpro)
• 2x4 Tractor with 60L ph Hydrolic flow (74 hp) is R330 000
= R225 p uur (Vinpro)
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What did it costs?
Planter (R150/h)
Tractor (R225/h)
Driver (R25/h)
Seed
Bio Fertilizer
R400/h x 1.5 h/ha = R 600/ha
= R 350/ha
= R 350/ha
= R1300/haTotal Planting cost
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What are these cover crops worth?
• Hay @ R15/bale x 600 vakkies∴ 600 bales /ha =R 9000 /ha
• Labour and transport to vineyard =R 2500 /ha• Decreased herbicide use =R 1000 /ha• Vaalskraalhans control =R 500 /ha
R13000/ha
Cover crops on ridge/bankie: R1300/ha
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Cover crops
Planter (R150/h) + Tractor (R225/h) + Driver(R25/h) x 1.5 hour / ha
= R 600/ha
Seed = R 350/ha
Bio Fertilizer = R 350/ha
Comparison
Without cover crops
Hay =R 9000 /ha
Labour + transport=R 2500 /ha
Herbicides =R 1000 /ha
Vaalskraalhans =R 500 /ha
R13 000 / ha R1 300 / ha
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Further bonuses of cover crops
–Roots in soil
–Carbon increase
– Fertilizer reduction
– Soil moisture retention and infiltration
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Stoney Landboudienste
Planter (R150/h) + Tractor (R225/h) + Driver (R25/h) = R400/h
x 1.5 hour per ha = R 600/ha
Seed = R 350/ha
Bio Fertilizer = R 350/ha
Total Planting costs R1300/ha
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See what farmers are doing
• Kleinjan:4 rows to 93 ha
• J Teubes: 0 to 116 ha
• A Jordaan: whole farm for 2nd year running
• Voorsorg: 0 to 30 ha
• Dessie: 40 ha table grapes
• Kleinbegin: 40 ha table grapes
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• Hay at R 9000 /ha• With labour and transports costs R 2500 /ha• Or Reduction of herbicides R 1000 /ha• And control of Vaalskraalhans R 500 /ha
…then R1 300/ha is Worth it
If all you get is:
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083 659 5716