kashmir conflict continuation of india-pakistan conflict 1947: post-independence –2/3 muslim...

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KASHMIR Conflict Continuation of India- Pakistan Conflict 1947: Post-Independence 2/3 Muslim 1/3 Hindu – Maharaja of Kashmir was Hindu Chose to stay part of India WATER is main issue Threat of NUCLEAR WAR UN involvement Pakistan blames Indian army India blames Pakistani terrorism

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Page 1: KASHMIR Conflict Continuation of India-Pakistan Conflict 1947: Post-Independence –2/3 Muslim –1/3 Hindu –Maharaja of Kashmir was Hindu Chose to stay part

KASHMIR Conflict• Continuation of India-Pakistan

Conflict• 1947: Post-Independence

– 2/3 Muslim– 1/3 Hindu– Maharaja of Kashmir was Hindu

• Chose to stay part of India

• WATER is main issue• Threat of NUCLEAR WAR

– UN involvement

• Pakistan blames Indian army• India blames Pakistani terrorism

Page 2: KASHMIR Conflict Continuation of India-Pakistan Conflict 1947: Post-Independence –2/3 Muslim –1/3 Hindu –Maharaja of Kashmir was Hindu Chose to stay part
Page 3: KASHMIR Conflict Continuation of India-Pakistan Conflict 1947: Post-Independence –2/3 Muslim –1/3 Hindu –Maharaja of Kashmir was Hindu Chose to stay part

Women in India• Traditional gender roles:

– esp. middle class women– Indian mythology idolizes motherhood– Working women still expected to do

housework

• Marriages traditionally arranged– Today couples have more say– Newspaper/internet ads– Dowries sometimes to groom’s family– Brides family pays for wedding– Typically moves in with groom’s family

• Bottom of family hierarchy• Must listen to mother-in-law• Status rises once a son is born

Page 4: KASHMIR Conflict Continuation of India-Pakistan Conflict 1947: Post-Independence –2/3 Muslim –1/3 Hindu –Maharaja of Kashmir was Hindu Chose to stay part

Women Rituals• Bonula:

– Andhra Pradesh region– Women carry a series of pots filled

with specific foods to take to temple for the Mother Goddess (fertility rite)

• Henna:– Hand and feet decorations for

weddings

• Diwali (festival of lights)– Oil lamps lit everywhere– Special meals– Mother Earth sent light as a symbol

of her sacrifice when her tyrant son was killed

Page 5: KASHMIR Conflict Continuation of India-Pakistan Conflict 1947: Post-Independence –2/3 Muslim –1/3 Hindu –Maharaja of Kashmir was Hindu Chose to stay part

BOLLYWOOD• India’s movie industry• Mix of Bombay and Hollywood

– Mumbai (formerly Bombay)

• Over 1000 movies a year – Hollywood 600

• Why Popular?– Culturally appealing – HUGE international audience– Wholesome– Musicals are popular

• Popular films:– Bride and Prejudice– Monsoon Wedding– Lagaan

Page 6: KASHMIR Conflict Continuation of India-Pakistan Conflict 1947: Post-Independence –2/3 Muslim –1/3 Hindu –Maharaja of Kashmir was Hindu Chose to stay part

Bollywood• Themes and characteristics:

– Romance/Love conquers all

– Romeo & Juliet like (why?)

– Impossible dreams

– Exotic locations

– Multiple costumes

– Extravagant and melodramatic

– India-Pakistan conflict• Loss of family/home

– Avoids sexual content• Dance scenes

Page 7: KASHMIR Conflict Continuation of India-Pakistan Conflict 1947: Post-Independence –2/3 Muslim –1/3 Hindu –Maharaja of Kashmir was Hindu Chose to stay part

Famous Bollywood actors

Aishwarya Rai

Shah Rukh KhanDirector: Yash Chopra

Amir Khan

Page 8: KASHMIR Conflict Continuation of India-Pakistan Conflict 1947: Post-Independence –2/3 Muslim –1/3 Hindu –Maharaja of Kashmir was Hindu Chose to stay part

Conflict in SRI LANKA• Tamil-Sinhalese Conflict

– post-colonial conflict

• Sinhalese (language)– majority (74% pop.)– control gov’t

• better land• gov’t preference• university preference

– Buddhist

• Tamils (language)– Minority (18% pop.)– Hindu

• Mid-1980s:– Pogroms against Tamils erupted

Page 9: KASHMIR Conflict Continuation of India-Pakistan Conflict 1947: Post-Independence –2/3 Muslim –1/3 Hindu –Maharaja of Kashmir was Hindu Chose to stay part

Tamil-Sinhalese Conflict• 1987-89 Civil War• Tamil Tigers (LTTE)

– Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam– guerilla warfare– 1989: mini-state i/t north

• JVP (People Liberation Front)– Janatha Virmukthi Peramuna– Sinhala militia that fought the Sri Lankan Army

• Communists

• Sri Lankan Army– created “secret death squads” against JVP and LTTE

members

• Indians– Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)– captured LTTE headquarters– 1991: RAJIV GANDHI assassinated