KASHMIR

HISTORY OF INDIA• Known for valuable spices & cloth

-Columbus’ destination

• England colonized it in 1850s-ruled it for 90 years

HISTORY OF INDIA• England treated Indians as

servants -held no power in own country

• Early 1900s, India began

demanding independence

HISTORY OF INDIA & PAKISTAN• England Granted India

independence in 1947-but Indian Muslims wanted

to separate themselves from Indian Hindus

• England created a Muslim country out of India = Pakistan

-each state in India had to choose; India or Pakistan

KASHMIR CONFLICT

KASHMIR• State of Kashmir, 1947

-mainly Muslims, but had a

Hindu leader

• Kashmir’s leader chose India-Pakistan invaded Kashmir &

took control of part of it

• Two more wars since then-1965 & 1971

• 1998-both became NUCLEAR!

WHY KASHMIR?• Mainly Religious

differences

• Also, Indus River begins in Kashmir

-VITAL fresh water for

Pakistan

-control of water =

control of life & death

KASHMIR

ISLAM HINDUISMvs.

EFFECTS OF KASHMIRCONFLICT• Millions killed in fighting

• Widespread poverty

-$ spent on nuclear

weapons, not on fixing the

countries’ problems

• Constant fear of

nuclear war

OVERPOPULATION• India’s pop. = 1 billion

-will be 1.5 billion in 2045

-will surpass China as most

populated country

-India is 1/3 the size of USA

• 42,000 babies born per

day in India

• S. Asia = 22% of world’s

pop., but only 3% of the

world’s land

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION• Lack of Resources

-not enough housing,

food, clothing, land,

fresh water, etc.

• Lack of jobs-poverty

• Lack of education-no hope for a job

• Lack of health care

• Inadequate sanitation-disease outbreaks

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION

• To keep up, India will

need to do the following

every year :-build 127,000 new schools

-hire 400,000 new teachers

-build 2.5 million new homes

-create 4 million new jobs

-produce an additional

6 million tons of food

WHAT TO DO?• India encourages smaller families

-not working; girls still marry and have babies early, kids can beg for $ or work in the fields around age 3, high IMR

• Education is key

-teach family planning, job skills, etc.

PUNISHMENTS for HAVING MORE THAN 1 CHILD IN CHINA

• Fines

• Husband is demoted /

fired at work

• Forced abortions

• Forced sterilization

• House bulldozed

• Farm animals taken away

BENEFITS OF 1 CHILD POLICY• Slower population growth

• Reduced strain on food

and water supplies

• Less unemployment

• Healthier mothers and children

• Mothers can have a career

CHINA : POPULATION PYRAMID

DRAWBACKS OF 1 CHILD POLICY• Rural families need more

children for farm work

• Boys outnumber girls

• Shortage of wives

• Fewer children to care

for older parents

One child policy changedJanuary 2014

• Implemented in 1980, couples will be able to have a second child if one parent is an only child. Previously both parents had to be only children, while rural couples have been allowed two children if the first-born is a girl.