katharina plassmann institute for agricultural climate research product carbon footprinting:...
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Katharina Plassmann
Institute for Agricultural Climate Research
Product carbon footprinting: implementation challenges?
Brussels, 7 October 2011
Carbon footprinting and labelling A product carbon footprint is the sum of all greenhouse gases (GHG)
released during the life cycle of a good or service, expressed as CO2 equivalents per unit of product.
Figure: from draft WRI Product accounting and reporting standard
Aims:
1) reduce GHG emissions and prioritise reduction opportunities
2) provide a baseline
3) identify cost saving opportunities
4) incorporate GHG emissions into decision making
5) demonstrate corporate/environmental responsibility
6) meet consumer demands for information on greenhouse gas emissions => changed consumption behaviour
Carbon footprinting and labelling
Product Carbon Footprinting: Public and private initiatives International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)
World Resources Institute and World Business Council forSustainable Development
Grenelle Laws, Agency for the Environment andEnergy Management (ADEME) (France)
PAS 2050 and Carbon Reduction Label (UK)
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan)
Carbon Reduction Label (Thailand)
Stop Climate Change (Germany)
KRAV and Svenskt Sigill (Sweden)
Casino (France)
Leclerc (France)
Migros (Switzerland)
Industry Association initiatives, e.g. International dairy industry
Methodological challenges
Scientific understanding of emissions from agricultural production systems around the world incomplete, esp. developing countries.
Lack of knowledge on emissions from developing countries means these systems might not be represented adequately
Agroforestry systems store carbon but cannot claim benefits under current methodologies
Soil carbon changes: usually not included
Practical challenges
numerous product carbon footprinting methodologies
companies might have to comply with multiple labelling initiatives for different markets
awareness and capacity representativeness of samples cost of calculation and verification can
be high
Particular challenges for smallholder farmers/SMEs
costs of data collection (time, training, development of recording systems, …)
low economies of scale limited access to information on standards
and markets, training, extension services, technologies and certification bodies
potentially lower yields and older technology
Challenging results
schemes vary greatly in approach and methodology applied, e.g. system boundaries
data issues: uncertainties surrounding emission factorslack of emission factors, esp. for developing countries data quality
Þ low comparability of studies (external communication)
supplier selection? impact on export opportunities?
Carbon footprint of fresh pineapples:
0.2 kg CO2e/kg at the farm gate
11 kg CO2e/kg when air freighted to Europe
Processed into jam and shipped to Europe: 1.2 kg CO2e/kg
Calculating Product Carbon Footprints can......
encourage a better use of resources increase competitiveness and participation in
world trade help preserve the environment and promote
sustainable development encourage the uptake of best practice be implemented by private and public actors
and also encourage consumers to reduce their personal emissions
encourage the use of greener technology
Further development of methods, application & policy making
support for SMEs: capacity building, training, extension services, finance for transition to new technologies/practices
awareness raising amongst businesses, stakeholders and consumers
active participation in international standardisation processes
develop easily accessible and public regional databases develop low cost approaches to calculation/certification analyse and showcase economic benefits research strategies that maximise synergies between
adaptation to a changing climate, greenhouse gas emissions reductions and wider sustainability issues (e.g. biodiversity)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND THANKS TO:
The World Bank (Paul Brenton and Michael Friis Jensen)Gareth Edwards-Jones (Bangor University, UK)Andrew Norton (Renuables, Llanllechid, UK)
THANK YOU!
Contact: [email protected]@web.de