kathy schrock’s guide * for educators to the internet
TRANSCRIPT
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Kathy Schrock’s Guide * for Educatorsto the Internet
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Presentation Definition of the Internet Approach to the Internet History of the Internet Hook it up! Searching the Web & evaluation Internet tools software Curriculum integration Creating your own home page
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The Internet is a...
...distributed
hypermedia
network
of networks
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Distributed
Information on the Internet is located on many millions of computers
No one agency has jurisdiction of the Internet; everyone plays a part
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Hypermedia
The Internet supports many different
formats of informationText filesPicturesPhotographsSound filesVideo files
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Network of Networks
Network : two or more computers hooked together
Network of networks : over 40,000 networks of computers all hooked together
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The Internet is a...
Distributed Hypermedia Network of networks
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How to Approach the Internet
Don’t get frustrated Keep it simple Give yourself time to explore “Mess with it!” Find a mentor to help Look for personal interests first
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History of the InternetStarted in 1969 by the Advanced Research
Projects Agency (ARPA)
The Department of Defense wanted a system that would still work if part of it were destroyed
In 1983, the research computers that were networked became ARPANET
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History of the Internet
In 1986 the National Science Foundation took the initiative and ran the network backbone
In 1995, the NSF stepped out and commercial providers took over the Internet
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Hook It Up! Things You Need ...
ComputerPhone lineModem (28.8 kps)Service providerSoftware
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Computer Specs for Graphical Access to the Internet
IBM PC-compatible or Macintosh8mb RAM (16mb better)DX66 or equivalent microprocessor250 mb+ hard driveSound card is optional, but nice28.8 kbps modem
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Internet Access Providers
Commercial services
(AOL, Prodigy, Compuserve)
Local access providers (ISP)
Call a local computer store for information on ISP’s
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Things to Look for in a Provider
About $35 for start-up and $20 per month for unlimited Internet and
e-mail access
1 modem per 10 subscribers; toll-free number
Tech support and start-up disk supplied
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E-Mail Addresses
Username followed by “@” symbol Computer name and domain Domains : net, org, edu, mil, gov, com
[email protected] Computer name & domain
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URL: Uniform Resource Locator “Address” of a file on the Internet Contains type of protocol followed by the
computer name, directory and file name
http://www.capecod.net/Wixon/wixon.htm gopher://gopher.boombox.micro/ ftp:// wuarchive.wustl.edu/pub/windows/psp3.zip mailto:[email protected]
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The World Wide Web
A global network of information servers Information may be in the form of text,
audio, video, or animationMany millions of sites containing
documents with links to other documentsFastest growing area of the Internet
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Finding Information on the WWW
Search EnginesSoftware programs that scan the
contents of Web servers to create large indices of information
User can perform keyword searches of these indices; combining of terms
AltaVista, Lycos, Webcrawler, HotBot
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Finding Information on the WWW
DirectoriesCollections of resources compiled and
organized by a personMay be searchable via keywordMay be general or subject-specificYahoo, Magellan, Lycos A2Z
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Evaluating Information on the Net
Who wrote it? When was it written? Why was it written? Is it biased? Is it authentic? Is the author an
expert?
Is the page easy to use? Is the page free from
HTML errors? Are the graphics useful? Can you verify the
information? Is a bibliography
included?
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Internet Software Needed TCP/IP Software Dialer E-Mail Software WWW Browser Telnet Software IRC (Chat) Software FTP Software Newsreader Software
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TCP/IP Software
TCP/IP is the language of the Internet that allows unlike computers to “talk”
Mac TCP included with System 7.5+Available for System 7
Windows 3.1 : Trumpet WinsockWindows 95 : TCP/IP included
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Dialer
A dialer is a piece of software that is configured to allow your computer to connect to a PPP or SLIP provider
Mac PPP : shareware
Windows 3.1 : Trumpet includes a dialerWindows 95 : Network dialer included
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Electronic Mail Software
Allows the user to send and receive e-mail messages from other users or mailing lists
Should include an address book function Common shareware mail programs include:
* Eudora
* Pegasus Mail
* Netscape Mail
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Positive Aspects of E-Mail
Can easily send to one or many people
Can send mail any time of day or night
May increase students’
communication skills
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World Wide Web Browser Allows you to view WWW sites which contain text,
pictures, and sound
Netscape vs. Internet Explorer vs. Mosaic
After installation, browsers must be configured for your machine
Easy to move back and forth between pages due to cache
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Parts of a Browser Window Menu Tool Bar URL Field
Document viewing area
Status Bar
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Browser Configuration and Helper Applications The browser can display text and certain formats
of pictures For other formats the browser needs to have
“helper applications” configured
Example:
If you choose a sound file, you have to have told the browser what piece of software on your machine is to be run to play the file
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Saving File to Disk
File-Save on browser menu Choose whether you want to save as a
HTML or text file Choose location for saving Does not save graphics, only text To save graphics, position cursor and use
right mouse button to “save this image as...”
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Telnet SoftwareTelnet is the Internet protocol that allows
you to directly “hook up” with a remote, text-based computer
Many library card catalogs are accessed via telnet
Less computing power is needed for the host computer if the user is accessing via telnet
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IRC (Chat Software)A method of talking (via typing) to a
multitude of people at the same time
You join a “room” of your interest
For schools, appropriate use includes online simulations and prearranged, live discussions
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP)Software
A system that allows files to be transferred between machines on the Internet
These files include text and programs
Access is usually via “anonymous” login into large computer archives of files; best to know exact location of file
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FTP’ing via Netscape
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Newsreader SoftwareUsed to read newsgroups which are
discussion groups dedicated to specific topics; open forums
Accessed via a bulletin-board type of listing
You can post and read messages via an e-mail type interface
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Common Newsgroup Hierarchies
alt comp k12 misc rec
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Newsgroups via Netscape
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Newsgroups via Netscape
Message
SubscribedNewsgroups List
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Use of the Internet in Schools
Teachers become facilitators of student independent, active learning
Teach students to determine whether the Internet is the most appropriate information source
Teach students to evaluate sites Integrate the Internet into the curriculum via
models such as WebQuests Wonderful for time-sensitive information
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E-Mail Collaborative Projects
Keypals Global classrooms Electronic appearances Electronic mentors Impersonations Information exchange Electronic publishing Database creation
TeleField Trips Pooled data analysis Information searches Electronic process writing Sequential creations Parallel problem solving Simulations Social action projects
c1994 Judi Harris. The Way of the Ferret. ISTE.
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The following information taken from :
Serim, Fermi & Melissa Koch.
NetLearning : Why Teachers Use the Internet. CA : O’Reilly, 1996.
(1-56592-201-8)
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The Internet is useful when your students need to know something that is...
not in their textbooks or library based on data collected by the government likely to require specialized knowledge best understood from eyewitness accounts fast-breaking news
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The Internet is not useful for...
in-depth historical information a quick overview or definition of a topic
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The Internet is also good for :
collaborating on projects with students all over the world
finding and contacting experts getting real-world experience in researching
and evaluating information publishing students’ projects and
publications
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The Internet is not a substitute for :
face-to-face interaction with other students and teachers
drawing, writing, building, planting, or any other type of hands-on activities
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Authentic Assessment
Teachers need to clearly state goals Teachers need to create meaningful activities Students need time to think about how they are
learning Create a rubric to evaluate student work Have students peer-evaluate others Cycle of reflecting, posting, reviewing, and
responding
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HTML : Hypertext Markup Language
The standard set of codes used on the Internet to design and view World Wide Web pages.
These pages are basically plain text files with special codes inserted throughout to tell a computer’s web browsing software how the document should appear and behave on the screen.