katti et al eastern india iaea singhbhum shear zone uranium
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Katti Et Al Eastern India IAEA Singhbhum Shear Zone UraniumTRANSCRIPT
Uranium potentiality of South PuruliaShear Zone in Eastern Indian Shield
V. J. Katti, Joydip Sen, A. K. BhattDepartment of Atomic Energy
Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and ResearchGovernment of India
Technical Meeting on Low Grade Uranium Ore, 29-31 March 2010, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria.
Correspondence : [email protected]
KEONJHARGARH
JAMSHEDPUR
PURNEASAHARSADARBHANGAMUZAFFARPUR
CHHAPARAHAJIPUR
ARRAH PATNA MONGHYR
BHAGALPUR
DEOGHAR
GIRIDIH DUMKA
RANCHI
LOHARDAGA
ROURKELA
SUNDERGARH
SAMBALPUR
BOLANGIR
PHULBANI
BHAWANIPATAM
KODARMADALTONGANJ
GAYA
BARIPADA
BALASORE
CHAIBASA
CUTTACK
BHUBANESWAR
PURIC H I L K A
L A K E
020 20 40 60 80 100 120 Km
KOLKATA
MALDA
SILIGURI
DARJEELING
KOCHBIHAR
BHUTANN E P A L
84° 85° 86° 87° 88° 89° 90°
27°
26°
25°
24°
23°
22°
21°
20°
19°
18°
90° 89° 88° 87° 86° 85° 84° 83° 82°
18°
19°
20°
21°
22°
23°
24°
25°
ALLUVIUM
LATERITETERTIARY GRAVEL, SANDSTONEAND CLAYRAJMAHAL TRAPS, SYLHET TRAPSAND BASIC DYKESUPPER GONDWANA
LOWER GONDWANA
VINDHYANS/ CUDDAPAHSKOLHAN SERIES AND BIJWAR SERIESSODA GRANITE ANDGRANOPHYREGRANITES (SINGHBHUMGRANITE, BONAI GRANITE,ROMPAHAN GRANITES ANDGRANITES OF EASTERN GHATS )
BAUXITE AND ALLUMINOUS LATERITE
EASTERNGHAT GROUP AND OTHER HIGH GRADE METASEDIMENTS
GANGPUR GROUP
IRON ORE SERIES
DHANJORI QUARTZITE ANDCONGLOMERATE
DHANJORI, DALMA, NOAMUNDI METAVOLCANICS
CHARNOCKITE
ANORTHOSITE
UNCLASSIFIED GRANITE & GRANITE GNEISSES
PENINSULAR REGIONINDEX
UNDIFFERENTIATED GNEISSESDALING FORMATIONDARJEELING GNEISSCHUNTHANG FORMATIONBUXA FORMATION
LOWER GONDWANA, ABOR VOLCANICS, LACHI SERIES
CHOLAHMO SERIES (TRIASSIC)
SWALIKS, TIPAM SERIESPIEDMONT DEPOSITS
EXTRA PENINSULAR REGION
CHATTERPUR
GEOLOGICAL MAP OF EASTERN REGION
ASANSOLE
SURI
RAMPURHAT
BALLURGHAT
SASARAM
RAXAUL
BANGLADESH
BAY OF BENGAL
MP
UP
AP
MIDNAPUR
32
1
Aerial view of U-Cu bearing Singhbhum Shear Zone (SSZ) and South Purulia Shear Zone (SPSZ)
Jamshedpur
Jaduguda
Ghatshila
Chandil
Beldih Kutni PorapaharTamar
Purulia
S in g h b h u m
S o u th
D A L M A
Purulia She ar Z one
Shea rZone
BhatinNarwapaharTuramdih
Mohuldih
Kuilapal
Jamshedpur
Jaduguda
Ghatshila
Chandil
Beldih Kutni PorapaharTamar
Purulia
S in g h b h u m
S o u th
D A L M A
Purulia She ar Z one
Shea rZone
BhatinNarwapaharTuramdih
Mohuldih
Kuilapal
IRS IC SATELLITE IMAGE OF SINGHBHUM SHEAR ZONE
JAMSHEDPUR
MUSHABANI
SURDA
JADUGUDABHATIN
NARWAPAHARTURAMDIHMAHULDIH
Turamdih
Bhatin Uranium Mill
Important Deposits
Reserve (U3O8 te)
Av. Grade (% U3O8)
Uranium Minerals
Jaduguda 6700 0.067 Uraninite, branneriteBhatin 1150 0.051 Uraninite
Narwapahar 11780 0.044 Uraninite, BraneriteTuramdih 14889 0.037 UraniniteMohuldih 3033 0.063 Uraninite
Uranium Exploitation from Singhbhum Shear ZoneDiscovered in 1951. Total Reserve 47809 te U3O8
Aerial view of U-Cu bearing Singhbhum Shear Zone (SSZ) and South Purulia Shear Zone (SPSZ)
Jamshedpur
Jaduguda
Ghatshila
Chandil
Beldih Kutni PorapaharTamar
Purulia
S in g h b h u m
S o u th
D A L M A
Purulia She ar Z one
Shea rZone
BhatinNarwapaharTuramdih
Mohuldih
Kuilapal
Jamshedpur
Jaduguda
Ghatshila
Chandil
Beldih Kutni PorapaharTamar
Purulia
S in g h b h u m
S o u th
D A L M A
Purulia She ar Z one
Shea rZone
BhatinNarwapaharTuramdih
Mohuldih
Kuilapal
DALMA Gr.
CGGC
151050 20 KmKm 5
Sushina
S P S Z
85 45 ' 86 0 ' 86 15 ' 86 30 '
AMPHIBOLITE & HORBLENDE SCHIST
M ICA SCHISTCALC GRANULITE, CALC SCHIST
QUARTZITE & QUARTZ SCHISTGRANITE GNEISS, M IGMATITE
GABBRO & ANORTHOSITEPHYLLITE/SCHIST (SINGHBHUM Gr.)META BASIC VOLCANICS INTRUSIVE GRANITEGONDWANA
INDEX
N P S Z
L Kusunda
Bardhm anDistrict
Panchet
Raghunathpur
Adra
Purulia
Puncha
ManbazarBalrampur
Be ldih BarabhumKutn iTamakhun
Banduan
Medin ipur D istrict
JHARKHAND
Jam shedpur
L
F
M E G A
L i n e am e n t
FPanrk id ih
Barm esya
ChhendapatharJhilim ill
Laksm isagar
SarengaRaipur
KhatraPorapahar
Ranibandh
RARE METAL
INDEX
LINEAMENT
SHEAR ZONERADIOACTIVE ANOMALYALKALINE COMPLEX
COPPERBARYTESAPATITE/CARBONATITE
86 45 ' 87 0 '
2345 '
2330 '
2315 '
2300 '
2245 '
PLEISTOCENE SEDIMENTS
Kusum jharia
TentlaMurhu
1.1(a)
1.1(b)
GEOLOGICAL MAP OF PURULIA AND BANKURA DISTRICTS, WEST BENGAL
GP-1
GP-2
Geological Map of Purulia District
Recognition Criteria
Singbhum Shear Zone South Purulia Shear Zone
1. Extension 200 km in length & 0.5-5 km in width forming arcuate belt.
120 km in length and 4-5 km in width semi arcuate belt.
2. Host Rock Chlorite sericite schist, quartzite and sheared conglomerate.
Ferruginous kaolin rocks, quartz-magnetite-apatite.
3. Structure Mineralization hosted in ductile deformation.
Mineralization confined within brittle to brittle-ductile deformation.
4. Age 1.6 Ga (U-Pb dating on uraninite). Not yet dated but possibly younger to SSZ mineralization.
5. RA minerals Uraninite, pitchblende, brannerite.
Adsorbed uranium and uraninite, davidite, columbite-tantalite.
6. Other minerals Cu – Co – Ni – Mo – As – Bi – P P – Fe – Cu – Nb – Au - Ag 7. Nature of Mineralization
Hydrothermal vein type/ strata-bound/disseminated type.
Hydrothermal vein type/iron oxide breccia complex type
8. Status 45.50 % (47809te) of total reserve of the country, Six mines in operation.
Promising zone but not yet fully explored. Hosts potential for proving similar deposits like SSZ.
Comparison between Singhbhum Shear Zone (SSZ) and South Purulia Shear Zone (SPSZ)
General stratigraphy sequence of North Singhbhum Mobile Belt (NSMB)
Age NSMB SPSZGroup Formations
Middle -Proterozoic
Intrusive granitoids Barabazar, Alkali feldspar granite
Acidic - Alkaline rocks
Ultramafics, carbonatite, quartz-magnetite-apatite rocks (U hosts) .
Dalma Group(1.6 Ga)
Upper Dalma(Meta basics) Not representedLower Dalma(Phyllite, quartzite)
SSZ assemblage
Lower Proterozoic
Singhbhum Group (2.2 Ga)
DalbhumChaibasa
Quartzite, schist, phyllite, tuffaceousrocks, acid volcanic.
Dhanjori Group (2.4 Ga)
Up. DhanjoriLr. Dhanjori
Not represented
Archean OMG, OMTG, Singhbhum Granite, IOG within cratonicpart (> 3.0 Ga).
Not exposed
()
(After Gupta and Basu, 2000)
Geological characteristics of South Purulia Shear Zone (SPSZ)� Strike extension - 120 km and average width 4-5 km.� Rock types - Tuffaceous phyllite, schist, quartzite,
pyroxenite, carbonatite, quartz-magnetite-apatite, tourmalinite, quartz breccias and alkali granites.
� Structure – Moderate to steep dip foliation, brittle to ductile characters.
� Thrust sense – CGGC towards south over Singhbhum Gr.� Alterations – Kaolinization, carbonation, ferruginization,
silicification, phosphatization, and sulphidation.� Mineralization – Apatite-Magnetite-REE-Nb-Cu-U.� U occurrences - Beldih-Kutni-Chirugora-Porapahar.
Uranium exploration in SPSZ
� U discovered in gossan at Beldih in 1960� Delineation of U anomalies – Beldih (W) to
Porapahar (E) along 50 km stretch of SPSZ.� Techniques applied – Remote Sensing, AGRS,
Radiometric Survey, Geological mapping, Geochemical sampling, Radon emanometry and limited drilling. � Best type area for U mineralization – “Beldih”.
Litho-structural map of South Purulia Shear Zone
� Lineament controlled - ENE-WSW to E-W to ESE-WNW. � Cross lineaments are observed from Beldih to Porapahar.� Alkaline carbonatite rocks associated with U mineralization
occur at the intersection of lineaments.� Surface radioactivity, hydro U anomalies (12-65 ppb) and RA
hand pump (0.012-0.032% eU3O8 x 0.50-1.20m at depth ~30 -50m) fall on either side of lineaments.
Sl. No.
Area Host Rock Dimension (m)
%eU3O8 %U3O8 %ThO2 Remarks
1 Beldih Ferr. Kaolin rock
120 x 2-11(Band-1)
<0.010-0.030
<0.010 -0.047
<0.010-0.030
E-W fracture, total aerial extension of 300m x 85m90 x 2-5
(Band-2)<0.010-0.057
<0.010 -0.100
<0.005-0.026
Qtz.-mt-ap rock
30 x 6-9(Band-3)
0.015-0.090
0.011 -0.024
<0.010
2. Kutni Qtz.-mt-ap. rock
1200 x 5-25
<0.010-0.069
0.011 -0.061
<0.010 E-W to ESE-WNW fractures
3. Chirugora Ferr. qtz. breccias
6 x 3 0.070 0.077 <0.010
5 Porapahar Ferr. qtz. breccias
100 x 5 <0.010-0.021
<0.010 -0.032
<0.005 ENE-WEW cross fracturesin CGGC and Singhbhum Gr.Ferr.
Breccias10 x 2 0.013 0.013 <0.005
Nature of uranium mineralization in SPSZHost rocks
Ferruginous Kaolin rocks
Quartz-magnetite-apatite rocks
C
Geology and Uranium mineralization in Beldih, SPSZ
ABC
D
RA bands delineated by S.P. Logging
A : 0.023% eU3O8 x 10.5m
B: 0.042% eU3O8 x 2.7m
C: 0.040% eU3O8 x 5.4m
D: 0.018% eU3O8 x 9.3mN S
0.040% x 5.4m
0.038% x 5.1m
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
G rani t e A p a tite -Ma g n e tite ro c k
Ultramafic
Altered brecciated ultramafic
Al tered b recci ated u l tramafi c
Borehole
N
Mine Dump
Spatial view of Spatial view of UltramaficUltramafic--Alkaline complex and Uranium in Alkaline complex and Uranium in BeldihBeldih Apatite mine, SPSZApatite mine, SPSZ
RA
RA
RA
RA
Ka olin roc k
Ultramafic
Altered brecciated ultramafic
Qu a r tz i t e
Mine Dump
S i li c i
f i ed A p
- Mt r o
c k
Kaolin rock
Field features and U mineralization in Beldih
U-Fe rich layers
Kaolin rock
Altered ultramafic
Kaolin rockUltramaficrock
Carbonatite vein
ApAp
Ap
Ap
Ap rimU + Goethite
T2
Sub surface study for U mineralization in Beldih
T2
RA zone
65.0m
BLD - 2
Kaolin zone
Ultramafics with carbonatite. BLD-1, Depth-28.0m
Altered brecciated ultramafics . BLD-2, Depth-39.0m
E-W Longitudinal section through drill holes
LS
125 m
U mineralization in quartz-magnetite-apatite rocks. BLD-3.
LS
Textural characteristics
Recrystallized calcite and post kinematic secondary apatite rim on primary apatite
Ap
Ap rim
Cc
Cc
Cc
Bt
Deformed carbonatite in Beldih
ApMt
Sid
Sid
Brecciated apatite and magnetite replaced by siderite. Qz-mt-ap rock (depth 118 m)
Cc
Mt
Mt
Py
PyMt
Py
Mt
MtPy
Py
Mt
MtPy
Magnetite replaced by irregular pyrite
REPLACEMENT
DEFORMATION
Brecciated apatite are replaced by goethite along fracture planes in Qz-mt-ap rock
ApU + Goethite
Ap
Ap
Ap
MtAp(core)
Ap (rim)
Goethite
VugSilica
Thin rim of apatite over apatite grains against goethite and vug silica in Qz-mt-ap rock
REPLACEMENT
MINERALIZATION RA mineral with low to medium density alpha
tracks within goethite in Ferr. Kaolin rock U bearing mineral with high density alpha tracks within goethite in Qz-mt-ap rock
Mineral assemblages in radioactive zones in Beldih
Nature of sample
Depth (m)
Rock Types Radioactive bands (G x T)
Radioactive Minerals
Associated Minerals
Surface outcrop
0.00 Ferr. kaolin rocks
0.038 x 5.10 Davidite, Rutile, Zircon, Uraninite, monazite
Kaolinite, fluorapatite, crandallite, goethite, hematite, pyrrhotite, albite, quartz.
Quartz-magnetite-apatite
0.018 x 9.30 Rutile traces of davidite, uraninite, monazite
Goethite, hematite, quartz, fluorapatite, pyrrhotite.
Drill core 107.0 Quartz-magnetite-apatite
0.023 x 6.40 Columbite-tantalite and trace of monazite
Fluorapatite, goethite, siderite, magnetite, quartz and talc
118.0 Quartz-magnetite-apatite
0.018 x 8.40 Uraninite, schoepiteand columbite-tantalite
Fluorapatite, magnetite, pyrite, siderite, quartz, chlorite, ilmenite & talc.
Sources of Radioactivity
Primarily adsorbed U on goethite/magnetite
A few discrete RA minerals
Hydrothermal alterations and paragenesisUltramafics/Carbonatite Kaolin rocksQuartz-magnetite
-apatite rocksAlterations
Carbonation
PhosphatizationSulphidation
Kaolinization
SilicificationFerruginizationUraniumMineralization
Albitization
Tuffaceous Rocks
Deforma-tions
Tourmalinization
Pre-
to S
yn-
Kin
emat
icSy
n- to
Pos
t Kin
emat
ic
Mineralogical Association for U
Uraninite-goethite-hematite-apatite
Uraninite-Nb-Ta minerals-magnetite-pyrite-sericite-apatite
Kaolin/Qtz-mt-ap rocks at surface to shallow depth (<100m)
Qtz-mt-aprock at deeper level (>118m).
Phosphate contents in U mineralized zones Vertical Depth (m)
Rock Type Radioactive bands (G x T)
%U3O8 %ThO2 P2O5 (%)
0.00 Ferr. Kaolin rocks
0.038 x 5.10 0.047– 0.10
0.02 –0.044
3.8 – 6.0
78.0 Ferr. Kaolin rocks
0.035 x 2.20 0.014– 0.065
<0.005 –0.013
3.50 – 6.20
92.0 Ferr. Kaolin rocks
0.018 x 2.50 0.016– 0.023
<0.005 –0.022
25.0 (n=1)
107.0 Qtz-mt-aprocks
0.023 x 6.40 0.024 0.20 -
118.0 Qtz-mt-aprocks
0.018 x 8.40 0.013– 0.063
<0.005 8.7 – 18.6
� Uranium grade increases with depth and phosphate content along with low thorium content
Conclusions
� U mineralization found - i) Ferruginous kaolin rocks & ii) Quartz-magnetite-apatite rocks.
� Primarily adsorbed uranium & discrete U minerals.� Mineralization is correlated with syn-to post kinematics
Mostly confined to brittle deformation zones.� Associated with hydrothermal altered minerals.� Two distinct mineral associations : 1) U-goethite-hematite-
apatite & 2) U-Nb-Ta phase-pyrite-magnetite-siderite-apatite.� Grade of U ore increases with depth and phosphate content� Exploration is still in progress but genetic model appears to be
hydrothermal related vein type mineralization.� SPSZ is potential zone for proving low grade U deposit(s).
1.6 Ga – 0.8 Ga1.9 Ga – 1.1 Ga1. Age
Structural control as evidenced by SPSZ –NPSZ-Mega lineament and multiple cross lineaments
Strong structural control with emplacement along fault with extensive brecciation
4. Structure
Granitoids of CGGC and metasediments of Singhbhum Group of rocks associated with basic and alkaline suites.
Mid. Proterozoic intermediate to felsic igneous and sedimentary rock. Associated with basic-alkaline magmatisam.
3. Host Rock
Intracratonic rift model envisaged for evolution of NSMB
Confined to intracratonic or continental margin and possibly in failed-rift zone
2. Regional Setting
NSMB – SPSZ SECTOR IRON OXIDE BRECCIA COMPLEX TYPE U
DEPOSIT (Olympic Dam)
RECOGNISING CRITERIA
COMPARISON OF IRON OXIDE BRECCIA COMPLEX TYPE vs. NSMB –SPSZ
Reported occurrence of Cu-Au-REE-U-Apatite-Magnetite
Mainly polymetallic. Dominance of iron oxide and trace elements like Cu, U, Au, Ag and REE.
5. Geochemical signature/
Mineralisation
Observed high gravity and magnetic values near SPSZ.
Coincidence of high magnetic and highgravity anomaly –PRIME CRITERIA
7. Geophysical Signatures
Ferruginisation, carbonation, sericitisation, Kaolinisation and silicification observed at number of places.
Most deposits display hydrothermal alteration zones like albitisation, seicitisation and haematitisation
6. Alteration Features
NSMB – SPSZ SECTOR IRON OXIDE BRECCIA COMPLEX TYPE U
DEPOSIT (Olympic Dam)
RECOGNISING CRITERIA
87°E86° 30’
85°E 30’
85° E 86° 87°E30’30’
PURULIA
ADRA +4+8
00
0
-8-4
-4-8-12
-16-20
-24-28-30-26-28
-20
-16-24
-16-12
-8
-8-8
-8
-4 0
0
L
L
L
L
LL
L L
F
F
L
L
LL
LL
SSZ
GHGH
-36
-36
-32-28
-28
-24
-24 -20-16
-20 -12
-12-12-8
-4
0+4
+4 0-4
-8
-12
-12-16-20
-24
-28-32
-36
-36
-32-28-24
-32-32 -36
-36
-36
-34
-4-8
-12
LOW
LOWLOW
0
22°30’
23°00’
22°30’
23°00’
23°30’23°30’BOUGUER ANOMALY in m GalSINGHBHUM SHEAR ZONE (SSZ)GRAVITY HIGH AXISFAULTPHOTO LINEAMENT NORTH SHEAR ZONE (NSZ)
FFL
L
NSZ
INDEX
Source: Gupta and Basu 2000
F
FDalma
A'
A
B'
B
DalmaSPSZSSZ
Jamshedpur
SPSZ
Banduan
Ghatsila
A' A
Gravity Profile along A-A’ and B-B’ and 2-D crustal model along A-A’ (Source, Gupta and Basu, 2000)