kaushik ppt
TRANSCRIPT
Carbon Sequestration
Suggested By:Mr. Vijai Krishna
Lecturer M.Sc.(Tech.) Environmental Science &
Technology
Presented By:Kaushik Kumar
M.Sc. (Tech.) Environmental Science & Technology, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus,
Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha Mirzapur.
Introduction:Continuous increase in CO2 Level & Concerned Problems
CO2 concentration 379 ppm in 2005 as compared to 180-300 ppm during the last 650000 years
Causes of CO2 Emission:Use of fossil fuelDeforestation
Sources of CO2 Emission:Natural & Anthropogenic sources
Definition:Carbon sequestration is a technique to mitigate the
global warming and climate change problems via capture and storage of carbon dioxide emitted from point sources such as fossil fuel power plants, oil and natural gas processing, cement manufacturing, iron and steel manufacturing units, petrochemical industries, etc. instead of allowing them to disperse in the air.
Types of Carbon sequestration:Carbon sequestration occurs via. two methods namely: Direct method
Geo sequestrationOcean sequestration
Indirect methodTerrestrial sequestrationOcean sequestration by plants
Terrestrial Sequestration:Terrestrial carbon sequestration is defined as either
the net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere or the prevention of CO2 net emissions from the terrestrial ecosystems into the atmosphere.
Methods of Terrestrial Sequestration:AfforestationReforestationSustainable Forest ManagementSoil Erosion ManagementWetland ManagementGrazing Land ManagementCrop Rotation
Geosequestration: is the deep geological storage of carbon dioxide from major industrial sources such as: fossil fuel-fired power stations, oil and natural gas processing, cement manufacture, iron and steel manufacture and the petrochemical industries instead of allowing it to disperse in air.
Carbon Sequestration Technique:
CO2 storageGeological storageOceanic storageMineral storage
Sequestration Options
Worldwide Capacity
Ocean 1000s GtC
Deep saline formations 100s–1000s GtC
Depleted oil and gas reservoirs 100s GtC
Coal seams 10s–100s GtC
Terrestrial 10s GtC
Utilization <1 GtC/yr
The Worldwide Capacity of Potential CO2 Storage
Reservoirs
The Theoretical Global Storage Capacity of CO2
Advantages:
Enhanced Coal Bed Recovery
Enhanced Oil Recovery
CO2 ReuseFood
Pop Rocks is pressurized with carbon dioxide gas at about 40 bar (600 psi).
Soft Drinks
Caffeine removalGood solvent for many lipophilic organic compounds
Pharmaceutical and other chemical processingInstead of organochlorine
Polymers and plasticsCarbon dioxide can also be combined with limonene oxide
from orange peels or other epoxides to create polymers and plastics.
As refrigerants
PH control
Disadvantages:
Acidity of Ocean water
Increased Energy consumption and Economy:About 10%-40% more electrical energy consumption in
industry with CCS than industry without CCS and thus also increase in economy by 20%-30%.
Leakage problem:Lake Nyos DisasterCameroon, 1986 Massive CO2 released1,700+ people died along with numerous livestock due to asphyxiation
ConclusionAs terrestrial sequestration is natural (indirect) process and it is
very slow process so we should focus on direct process i.e. carbon geosequestration having no doubt that it is very efficient technology to reduce the risk of CO2 emission by large power plants and industries which is major contributory gas in Global Warming. Its environmental backlashes is negligible than its utilization such as in enhanced oil recovery, methane adsorption, manufacturing of soft drinks etc. About 80-90% CO2 emission is reduced however, the consumption of electricity increased by 10-40% and thus the cost increased by 20-30% which should be neglected taking the environmental problem as global warming in point of view.
Thank You