K.C. Nicolaou – Publications

1. Diastereomeric Monocyclic Diallenes. The Synthesis of Cyclododeca-3,4,9,10-tetraene-1,7-dione, K.C. Nicolaou, P.J. Garratt, F. Sondheimer, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1970, 1219–1220.

2. Synthesis of Cyclotetradeca-3,4,5,10,11,12-hexaene-1,8-dione, a Monocyclic Dicumulenedione, K.C. Nicolaou, P.J. Garratt, F. Sondheimer, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1971, 1018–1019.

3. Diastereomeric Monocyclic Diallenes. The Stereochemistry of Formation of Racemic and Meso-3,4,9,10-Cyclododecatetraene-1,7-dione, K.C. Nicolaou, P.J. Garratt, F. Sondheimer, Tetrahedron Lett. 1972, 3425–3428.

4. Diastereomeric Monocyclic Diallenes. The Synthesis and Properties of the Diastereomeric 3,4,9,10-Cyclodecatetraene-1,7-diones and 3,4,10,11-Cyclotetradecatetraene-1,8-diones, K.C. Nicolaou, P.J. Garratt, F. Sondheimer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 4582–4592.

5. Monocyclic Allenes. The Synthesis of 3,8,9-Cycloundecatriene-1,6-dione and 12-Oxabicyclo[7.2.1]dodeca-5,6,9,11-tetraene-3-one, a Furanophane Containing an Allene Group, K.C. Nicolaou, P.J. Garratt, F. Sondheimer, J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 864–868.

6. The Synthesis of 3,4,5,10,11,12-Cyclotetradecahexaene-1,8-dione, a Monocyclic Dicumulene dione, K.C. Nicolaou, P.J. Garratt, F. Sondheimer, J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 2715–2717.

7. Additions of Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate and Sulfenyl Halides to Benzvalene, K.C. Nicolaou, Thomas J. Katz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 1948–1949.

8. A Short Synthetic Route to Prostaglandins Utilizing Position-Selective Epoxide Opening by the Vinyl Gilman Reagent, E.J. Corey, K.C. Nicolaou, D.J. Beames, Tetrahedron Lett. 1974, 2439–2440.

9. An Efficient and Mild Lactonization Method for the Synthesis of Macrolides, E.J. Corey, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 5614–5616.

10. Synthesis of Novel Macrocyclic Lactones in the Prostaglandin and Polyether Antibiotic Series, E.J. Corey, K.C. Nicolaou, L.S. Melvin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 653–654.

11. Synthesis of Brefeldin A, Carpaine, Vertaline, and Erythronolide B from Non-Macro-cyclic Precursors, E.J. Corey, K.C. Nicolaou, L.S. Melvin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 654–655.

12. Total Synthesis of (±)-Vermiculine, E.J. Corey, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Toru, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 2287.

13. Superoxide Ion as a Synthetically Useful Oxygen Nucleophile, E.J. Corey, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Shibasaki, Y. Machida, C.S. Shiner, Tetrahedron Lett. 1975, 3183–3186.

14. A Useful Method for the Conversion of Azides to Amines, E.J. Corey, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Shibasaki, Y. Machida, C.S. Shiner, Synthesis 1975, 590–591.

15. Synthesis and Biological Properties of a 9,11-Azo-Prostanoid. A Highly Active Biochemical Mimic of Prostaglandin Endoperoxides. E.J. Corey, K.C.

Nicolaou, Y. Machida, C.L. Malmsten, B. Samuelsson, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1975, 72, 3355–3358.

16. Simple Stereospecific Routes to 9-epi-Prostaglandin F2 (PGF2) and 11-epi-Prostaglandin F2, E.J. Corey, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Shibasaki, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1975, 658–659.

17. A Simple, Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of a Biologically Active Analog of Prostaglandin Endoperoxides (PGH2, PGG2), E.J. Corey, M. Shibasaki, K.C. Nicolaou, C.L. Malmsten, B. Samuelsson, Tetrahedron Lett. 1976, 737–740.

18. Stimulation of Renin Release from Rabbit Renal Cortex by Arachidonic Acid and Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, P.C. Weber, C. Larsson, E. Anggard, M. Hamberg, E.J. Corey, K.C. Nicolaou, B. Samuelsson, Circulation Res. 1976, 39, 868–874.

19. A Translactonization Route to Macrocyclic Lactones, E.J. Corey, D.J. Brunelle, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 7359–7360.

20. Synthesis of Macrolides, K.C. Nicolaou, Tetrahedron 1977, 33, 683.

21. Phenylselenolactonization. An Extremely Mild and Synthetically Useful Cyclization Process, K.C. Nicolaou, Zenon Lysenko, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 3185–3187.

22. Phenylsulfenylactonization: An Easy and Synthetically Useful Lactonization Procedure, K.C. Nicolaou, Zenon Lysenko, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1977, 293–294.

23. The Use of PhSeCl in the Synthesis of Cyclic Ethers, K.C. Nicolaou, Zenon Lysenko, Tetrahedron Lett. 1977, 1257–1260.

24. Synthesis of (4E)-Deoxy-6,9-Epoxy-4-PGF1, a Prostacyclin (PGX) Isomer, K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1977, 331–332.

25. Simple Efficient Synthesis of Prostacyclin (PGI2), K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, G.P. Gasic, R.L. Magolda, W.J. Sipio, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1977, 630–631.

26. 6,9-Thiaprostacyclin. A Stable and Potent Biological Analog of Prostacyclin (PGI2), K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, G.P. Gasic, R.L. Magolda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 7736–7738.

27. Total Synthesis of Erythromycins (Part III). Stereoselective Routes to Intermediates Corresponding to C(1) to C(9) and C(10) to C(13) Fragments of Erythronolide B, E.J. Corey, E.J. Trybulski, L.J. Melvin, Jr., K.C. Nicolaou, J.A. Secrist, R. Lett, P.W. Sheldrake, J.R. Falck, D.J. Brunelle, M.F. Haslanger, S. Kim, S. Yoo, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 4618–4620.

28. Total Synthesis of Erythromycins (Part IV). Total Synthesis of Erythromolide B, E.J. Corey, S. Kim, S. Yoo, K.C. Nicolaou, L.J. Melvin, Jr., D.J. Brunelle, J.R. Falck, E.J. Trybulski, R. Lett, P.W. Sheldrake, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 4620–4622.

29. Synthesis and Biological Properties of Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Thromboxanes and Prostacyclins, K.C. Nicolaou, G.P. Gasic, W.E. Barnette, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1978, 17, 293–312.

30. Organoselenium-Induced Ring Closures. Sulfur-Containing Prostacyclins. Stereoselctive Synthesis of Cyclic, α,β-Unsaturated Sulfoxides, Sulfones and Sulfides and Synthesis of 6,9-Sulfoxa-5(E)-and 5(Z)-Prostacyclin, and 6,9-Sulfo-5(E)- and 5(Z)-Prostacyclin, 6,9-Sulfo-6α- and 6β-4(E)-Isoprostacyclin and 6,9-Thiaprostacyclin, K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, R.L. Magolda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 2567–2570.

31. Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Prostacyclin PGI1 Analogues. 6,9-Epithio-PGI1, its S-Oxide Stereoisomers and its SS-Dioxide, K.C. Nicolaou, R.L. Magolda, W.E. Barnette, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1978, 375–377.

32. Total Synthesis of 14-Fluoroprostaglandin F2α and 14-Fluoroprostacyclin, P.A. Grieco, Y. Yokoyama, K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, J.B. Smith, M. Ogletree, A.M. Lefer, Chem. Lett. 1978, 1001–1004.

33. Synthesis and Biological Properties of 12-Fluoroprostacyclin, K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, R.L. Magolda, P.A. Grieco, W. Owens, C.-L. J. Wang, J.B. Smith, M. Ogletree, A.M. Lefer, Prostaglandins 1978, 16, 789–794.

34. Synthesis of Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) and Prostacyclin (PGI2) Analogs: Tetrathia-PGH2 and PGI2-Ketal Methyl Ester, K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, R.L. Magolda, Prostaglandins and Medicine 1978, 1, 96–97.

35. Total Synthesis of Carboprostacyclin, a Stable and Biologically Active Analog of Prostacyclin (PGI2), K.C. Nicolaou, W.J. Sipio, R.L. Magolda, S. Seitz, W.E. Barnette, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1978, 1067–1068.

36. Prostacyclin: A Potentially Valuable Agent for Preserving Myocardial Tissue in Acute Myocardial Ischemia, A.M. Lefer, M.L. Ogletree, J.B. Smith, M.J. Silver, G.P. Gasic, W.E. Barnette, K.C. Nicolaou, Science 1978, 200, 52–54.

37. Prostaglandin I2 as a Potentiator of Acute Inflammation in Rats, K. Komoriya, J. Ohmori, A. Azuma, S. Kurozumi, Y. Hashimoto, K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, R.L. Magolda, Prostaglandins 1978, 15, 557–564.

38. Cardiac and Renal Prostaglandin I2: Biosynthesis and Biological Effects in Isolated Perfused Rabbit Tissues, P. Needleman, S.D. Bronson, A. Wyche, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Sivakoff, J. Clin. Invest. 1978, 61, 839–849.

39. Effects of Prostacyclin on Perfusion Pressure, Electrical Activity Rate and Force of Contraction in Isolated Rat and Rabbit Hearts, M. Karmazyn, D.F. Horrobin, M.S. Manku, S.C. Cunnane, R.A. Karmali, A.I. Ally, R.O. Morgan, K.C. Nicolaou, Life Sci. 1978, 22, 2079–2086.

40. Antibodies which Antagonize the Effects of Prostacyclin, J.B. Smith, M. Ogletree, A.M. Lefer, K.C. Nicolaou, Nature 1978, 274, 64–65.

41. Prostaglandins E1, E2 and I2: Evidence for Three District Actions in Vascular Smooth Muscle, M.S. Manku, D.F. Horrobin, S.C. Cunnane, A.I. Ally, M. Karmazyn, R.A. Karmali, R.O. Morgan, K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1978, 83, 295–299.

42. Prostaglandin I2 Has More Potent Hypotensive Properties than Prostaglandin E2 in the Normal Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat, C.R. Pace-Asciak, M.C. Carrera, K.C. Nicolaou, Prostaglandins 1978, 15, 999–1003.

43. Enhanced Formation of PGI2, a Potent Hypotensive Substance by Aortic Rings and Homogenates of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat, C.R. Pace-

Asciak, M.C. Carrera, G. Rangaraj, K.C. Nicolaou, Prostaglandins 1978, 15, 1005–1012.

44. A Triple Test for Screening Biological Activity of Prostacyclin Analogs, R.J. Gryglewski, K.C. Nicolaou, Experientia 1978, 34, 1336–1338.

45. Studies of the Mechanism Involved in the Fate of Prostacyclin (PGI2) and 6-Keto-PGF2α in the Pulmonary Circulation, H.J. Hawkins, J.B. Smith, K.C. Nicolaou, T.E. Eling, Prostaglandins 1978, 16, 871.

46. Synthesis and Chemistry of Prostacyclin (PGI2), K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, R.L. Magolda, J. Chem. Res. (M) 1979, 2437–2445.

47. Synthesis and Biological Properties of Prostacyclins and Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Analogs, K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, R.L. Magolda, in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Prostanoids, S.M. Roberts and F. Scheinmann, Eds., Pergamon Press, New York, 1979, pp. 286–315.

48. 6,9-Pyridazaprostacyclin and Derivatives. The First "Aromatic" Prostacyclins, K.C. Nicolaou, R.L. Magolda, W.E. Barnette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 766–768.

49. Reversal of the Phenylseleno- and Phenylsulpheno-cyclizations. Synthesis of Olefins from Phenylseleno-lactones, Phenylseleno-ethers and α-Hydroxyselenides, K.C. Nicolaou, W.J. Sipio, D.A. Claremon, R.L. Magolda, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1979, 83–85.

50. Reaction of Phenylselenenyl Chloride with Enol Ethers and 1,2-Ethanediol Acetals. Synthesis of α-Phenylseleno-aldehydes and α-Phenylseleno-acetals, K.C. Nicolaou, R.L. Magolda, W.J. Sipio, Synthesis 1979, 982–984.

51. Phenylseleno- and Phenylsulfenolactonizations. Two, Highly Efficient and Synthetically Useful Cyclization Procedures, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Seitz, W.J. Sipio, J.F. Blount, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 3884–3893.

52. Organoselenium-Induced Ring Closures. Cyclization of Dienes with "PhSeOH" to Form Cyclic Ethers, R.M. Scarborough, Jr., A.B. Smith, III, W.E. Barnette, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 1742–1744.

53. N-Phenylselenophthalimide (N-PSP) and N-Phenylselenosuccinimide (N-PSS). Two Versatile Carriers of the Phenylseleno Group. Oxyselenation of Olefins and a Selenium-Based Macrolide Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, D.A. Claremon, W.E. Barnette, S.P. Seitz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 3704–3706.

54. Synthesis and Biological Properties of Pinane-Thromboxane A2 (PTA2). A Selective Inhibitor of Coronary Artery Constriction, Platelet Aggregation and Thromboxane Formation, K.C. Nicolaou, R.L. Magolda, J.B. Smith, D. Aharony, E.F. Smith, A.M. Lefer, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1979, 76, 2566–2570.

55. Synthesis of 16-Membered Ring Macrolide Antibiotics I. Stereoselective Construction of the "Right Wing" of the Carbomycins and Leucomycins from D-Glucose, K.C. Nicolaou, M.R. Pavia, S.P. Seitz, Tetrahedron Lett. 1979, 2327–2330.

56. Synthesis of Macrocycles by Intramolecular Ketophosphonate Reactions. Stereoselective Construction of the "Left Wing" of Carbomycin B and a Synthesis of dl-Muscone from Oleic Acid, K.C. Nicolaou, S.P. Seitz, M.R. Pavia, N. Petasis, J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 4011–4013.

57. Total Synthesis of Oestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one, K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1979, 1119–1120.

58. Studies on the Protective Effect of Prostacyclin on Acute Myocardial Ischemia, M.L. Ogletree, A.M. Lefer, J.B. Smith, K.C. Nicolaou, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1979, 56, 95–103.

59. Effect of 6,9-Thia Prostacyclin I2 (A Stable PGI2 Analogue) on Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis (PCA) in Rats, K. Komoriya, H. Ohmori, A. Azuma, S. Kurozumi, Y. Hashimoto, K.C. Nicolaou, Jap. J. Pharmacol. 1979, 29, 811–813.

60. Prostacyclin, Thromboxanes and The Arachidonic Acid Cascade, K.C. Nicolaou, J.B. Smith, Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, Academic Press, New York, Vol. 14, Ch. 17, 1979, pp. 178–180.

61. Selective Binding Site for 3H-Prostaglandin I2 on Platelets, A.M. Single, J.B. Smith, M.J. Silver, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Ahern, J. Clin. Invest. 1979, 63, 215–220.

62. Prostaglandin Synthesis by Fetal Rat Bone In Vitro: Evidence for a Role of Prostacyclin, L.G. Raisz, J.Y. Vanderhoek, H.A. Simmons, B.E. Kream, K.C. Nicolaou, Prostaglandins 1979, 17, 905–914.

63. Effects of PGI2 on Platelet Aggregation Induced by Various Stimulants, A. Ohtsu, K. Hoshina, S. Kurozumi, Y. Hashimoto, T. Noguchi, K.C. Nicolaou, Acta. Haem. Jap. 1979, 42, 659–666.

64. Effects of Prostactyclin and Albumin on Platelet Loss During In Vitro Simulation of Extracorporeal Circulation, V.P. Addonizio, Jr., E.J. Macarak, K.C. Nicolaou, L.H. Edmunds, R.W. Colman, Blood 1979, 53, 1033–1042.

65. Protective Effects of a Novel Thromboxane Analog in Lethal Traumatic Shock, A.M. Lefer, H. Araki, J.B. Smith, K.C. Nicolaou, R.L. Magolda, Prostaglandins and Medicine 1979, 3, 139–146.

66. Circulatory and Platelet Actions of 6,9-Thiaprostacyclin in the Cat, A.M. Lefer, G.J. Trachte, J.B. Smith, W.E. Barnette, K.C. Nicolaou, Life Sci. 1979, 25, 259–264.

67. Phenylselenoetherification. A Highly Efficient Cyclization Process for the Synthesis of O- and S-Heterocycles, K.C. Nicolaou, R.L. Magolda, W.J. Sipio, W.E. Barnette, Z. Lysenko, M.M. Joullié, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 3784–3793.

68. A Remarkably Simple, Highly Efficient and Stereoselective Synthesis of Steroids and Other Polycyclic Systems. Total Synthesis of Estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one via Intramolecular Capture of o-Quinodimethanes Generated by Cheletropic Elimination of SO2, K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, P. Ma, J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 1463–1470.

69. Carbocyclic Thromboxane A2 (CTA2), K.C. Nicolaou, R.L. Magolda, D.A. Claremon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 1404–1409.

70. Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Thromboxanes and Prostacyclins. Prostanoids with Important Biological Properties and Significant Chemical Interest, K.C. Nicolaou, N.A. Petasis, Chimika Chronika, General Ed. 1980, 45, 43–51 (Review in Greek).

71. Total Synthesis of (±)-Zoapatanol, K.C. Nicolaou, D.A. Claremon, W.E. Barnette, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 6611–6612.

72. Synthesis and Biological Properties of Prostacyclins, K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, R.L. Magolda, in Prostaglandins in Cardiovascular and Renal Function, Spectrum Publications, Inc., New York, 1980, pp. 9–28.

73. Prostacyclin Has Effects on Proximal and Distal Tubular Function in the Dog, H.-G. Gullner, K.C. Nicolaou, F.C. Bartter, Prostaglandins and Medicine 1980, 6, 141–146.

74. Dissociation of Vasoconstrictor and Platelet Aggregatory Activities of Thromboxanes by Carbocyclic Thromboxane A2 (CTA2), a New Stable Analog of Thromboxane A2 (TA2), A.M. Lefer, E.F. Smith, III, H. Araki, J.B. Smith, D. Aharony, D.A. Claremon, R.L. Magolda, K.C. Nicolaou, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1980, 77, 1706–1710.

75. In Vivo Release and Turnover of Secreted Platelet Antiheparin Proteins in Rhesus Monkey (M. Mulatta), J. Musial, S. Niewiarowski, L.H. Edmunds, Jr., V.P. Addonizio, Jr., K.C. Nicolaou, R.W. Colman, Blood 1980, 56, 596–603.

76. Effect of Prostacyclin (PGI2) on Renal Function and Renin Secretion in Hypophysectomized Dogs, H.-G. Gullner, K.C. Nicolaou, F.C. Bartter, G. Kelly, Nephron 1980, 25, 283–287.

77. PGI2-Specific Antibodies Administered In Vivo Suggest Against a Role for Endogenous PGI2 as a Circulating Vasodepressor Hormone in the Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat, C.R. Pace-Asciak, M.C. Carrara, L. Levine, K.C. Nicolaou, Prostaglandins 1980, 20, 1053–1060.

78. Preservation of the Ischemic Myocardium by Pinane Thromboxane A2, K. Schror, E.F. Smith, III. M. Bickerton, J.B. Smith, R.L. Magolda, K.C. Nicolaou, A.M. Lefer, Am. J. Physiol. 1980, 238, H87–H92.

79. Organoselenium-Based Synthesis of Oxygen-Containing Prostacyclins, K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, R.L. Magolda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3480–3485.

80. Organoselenium-Based Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Prostacyclins, K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, R.L. Magolda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3486–3497.

81. Synthesis of 16-Membered Ring Macrolide Antibiotics 3. Carbomycin B and Leucomycin A3: Retrosynthetic Studies, K.C. Nicolaou, S.P. Seitz, M.R. Pavia, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1222–1224.

82. Synthesis of 16-Membered Ring Macrolide Antibiotics 4. Carbomycin B and Leucomycin A3: Synthesis of Key Intermediate, K.C. Nicolaou, M.R. Pavia, S.P. Seitz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1224–1226.

83. Ionophore Antibiotic X-14547A. Degradation Studies and Stereoselective Construction of the "Left Wing" (C11-C25 Fragment) by an Intramolecular

Diels–Alder Reaction, K.C. Nicolaou, R.L. Magolda, J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 1506–1508.

84. Synthesis of 5Z- and 5E-6,9-Thiaprostacyclins, K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Barnette, R.L. Magolda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 3472–3480.

85. Total Synthesis of Ionophore Antibiotic X-14547A. 1. Enantioselective Synthesis of the Tetrahydropyran and Tetrahydroindan Building Blocks, K.C. Nicolaou, D.P. Papahatjis, D.A. Claremon, R.E. Dolle, III, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 6967–6969.

86. Total Synthesis of Ionophore Antibiotic X-14547A. 2. Coupling of the Tetrahydropyran and Tetrahydroindan Systems and Construction of the Butadienyl and Ketopyrrole Moieties, K.C. Nicolaou, D.A. Claremon, D.P. Papahatjis, R.L. Magolda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 6969–6971.

87. N-Phenylselenophthalimide. A Useful Reagent for the Facile Transformation of (1) Carboxylic Acids into Either Selenol Esters or Amides and (2) Alcohols into Alkyl Phenyl Selenides, P.A. Grieco, J.Y. Jaw, D.A. Claremon, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 1215–1217.

88. An Expeditious and Efficient Entry into the Aphidicolin and Related Natural Products Ring Skeleton, K.C. Nicolaou, R. Zipkin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1981, 20, 785–786.

89. A Mild Method for the Synthesis of 2-Ketopyrroles from Carboxylic Acids, K.C. Nicolaou, D.A. Claremon, D.P. Papahatjis, Tetrahedron Lett. 1981, 22, 4647–4650.

90. 5,6-Methanoleukotriene A4. A Stable and Biologically Active Analogue of Leukotriene A4. K.C. Nicolaou, N.A. Petasis, S.P. Seitz, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1981, 1195–1196.

91. Spasmogenic Effects of the Anti-Fertility Agent Zoapatanol, K.B. Smith, E.F. Smith, III, A.M. Lefer, K.C. Nicolaou, Life Sci. 1981, 28, 2743–2746.

92. Mechanism of Coronary Vasoconstriction Induced by Carbocyclic Thromboxane A2, E.F. Smith, A.M. Lefer, K.C. Nicolaou, Am. J. Physiol. 1981, 240, H493–H497.

93. Carbocyclic Thromboxane A2: Aggrevation of Myocardial Ischemia by a New Synthetic Thromboxane A2 Analog, E.F. Smith, III, A.M. Lefer, D. Aharony, J.B. Smith, R.L. Magolda, D.A. Claremon, K.C. Nicolaou, Prostaglandins 1981, 21, 443–456.

94. Organoselenium-Induced Cyclizations in Organic Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, Tetrahedron Symp. in Print 1981, 37, 4097–4109.

95. Agonist-Specific Desensitization of Prostaglandin-Stimulated Cyclic AMP Accumulation in Palatal Mesenchymal Cells, R.M. Greene, L.A. Verbruggen, M.R. Lloyd, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Craniofacial Genet. Dev. Biol. 1981, 1, 261–272.

96. Thromboxane Synthetase Inhibitors Differentially Antagonize Thromboxane Receptors in Vascular Smooth Muscle, E.F. Smith, III, A.M. Lefer, J.B. Smith, K.C. Nicolaou, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 1981, 318, 130–134.

97. Cardiovascular Actions of Two Thromboxane A2 Analogs, A.M. Lefer, J.B. Smith, K.C. Nicolaou, in Adv. in Physiol. Sci., Cardiovascular Physiology: Micro Circulatory and Capillary Exchange, A.G.B. Kovach, J. Hamar, L. Szabo, Eds., Pergamon Press, London, Vol. 7, 1981, pp. 91–98.

98. Synthesis of Stable Thromboxane A2 Analogs: Pinane Thromboxane A2 Analogs: Pinane Thromboxane A2 (PTA2) and Carbocyclic Thromboxane A2 (CTA2), K.C. Nicolaou, R.L. Magolda, in Methods in Enzymology, W.E.M. Lands and W.L. Smith, Eds., Academic Press, New York, Vol. 86, 1982, pp. 400–409.

99. Anti-Thromboxane A2 Action of Pinane Thromboxane A2 Derivatives, D.M. Roth, A.M. Lefer, J.B. Smith, K.C. Nicolaou, Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Medicine 1982, 9, 503–509.

100. Carbohydrates in Organic Synthesis. Synthesis of 16-Membered Ring Macrolide Antibiotics. 5. Total Synthesis of O-Mycinosyl Tylonolide: Synthesis of Key Intermediates, K.C. Nicolaou, M.R. Pavia, S.P. Seitz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 2027–2029.

101. Carbohydrates in Organic Synthesis. Synthesis of 16-Membered Ring Macrolide Antibiotics. 6. Total Synthesis of O-Mycinosyl Tylonolide: Coupling of Key Intermediate and Macrocyclization, K.C. Nicolaou, S.P. Seitz, M.R. Pavia, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 2030–2031.

102. The Endiandric Acid Cascade. Electrocyclizations in Organic Synthesis. 1. Stepwise, Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Endiandric Acids A and B, K.C. Nicolaou, N.A. Petasis, R.E. Zipkin, J. Uenishi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 5555–5557.

103. The Endiandric Acid Cascade. Electrocyclizations in Organic Synthesis. 2. Stepwise, Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Endiandric Acids C-G, K.C. Nicolaou, N.A. Petasis, J. Uenishi, R.E. Zipkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 5557–5558.

104. The Endiandric Acid Cascade. Electrocyclizations in Organic Synthesis. 3. "Biomimetic" Approach to Endiandric Acids A-G. Synthesis of Precursors, K.C. Nicolaou, R.E. Zipkin, N.A. Petasis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 5558–5560.

105. The Endiandric Acid Cascade. Electrocyclizations in Organic Synthesis. 4. "Biomimetic" Approach to Endiandric Acids A-G. Total Synthesis and Thermal Studies, K.C. Nicolaou, N.A. Petasis, R.E. Zipkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 5560–5562.

106. Selective Inhibition of 5-Lipoxygenase by 5,6-Methanoleukotriene A4, A Stable Analogue of Leukotriene A4, Y. Koshihara, S.-I. Murota, N.A. Petasis, K.C. Nicolaou, FEBS Lett. 1982, 143, 13–16.

107. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 1,3,5...2n+1 Polyols, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Uenishi, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1982, 1292–1293.

108. Chemistry and Pharmacology of a Series of New Thromboxane Analogs, K.C. Nicolaou, J.B. Smith, A.M. Lefer, Drugs Fut. 1982, VII 331–340.

109. 5,6-Methano Leukotriene A4: A Potent Specific Inhibitor for 5-Lipoxygenase, Y. Koshihara, S. Murota, K.C. Nicolaou, in Advances in Prostaglandin,

Thromboxane and Leukotriene Research, B. Samuelsson, R. Paoletti, P.W. Ramwell, Eds., Raven Press, New York, Vol. 11, 1983, pp. 163–167.

110. A Mild and General Method for the Synthesis of O-Glycosides, K.C. Nicolaou, S.P. Seitz, D.P. Papahatjis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 2430–2434.

111. Responsiveness of Platelets and Coronary Arteries from Different Species to Synthetic Thromboxane and Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Analogs, S.E. Burke, A.M. Lefer, K.C. Nicolaou, G.M. Smith, J.B. Smith, Br. J. Pharm. 1983, 78, 287–294.

112. Ethanoarachidonic Acids. A New Class of Arachidonic Acid Cascade Modulators 1. Monoethanocompounds, K.C. Nicolaou, N.A. Petasis, W.S. Li, T. Ladduwahetty, J.L. Randall, S.E. Webber, P.E. Hernandez, J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 5400–5403.

113. Ethanoarachidonic Acids. A New Class of Arachidonic Acid Cascade Modulators 2. Polyethanocompounds, K.C. Nicolaou, P.E. Hernandez, T. Ladduwahetty, J.L. Randall, S.E. Webber, W.S. Li, N. A. Petasis, J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 5403–5404.

114. Pericyclic Reactions in Organic Synthesis and Biosynthesis. Synthetic Adventures with Endiandric Acids A-G, K.C. Nicolaou, N.A. Petasis, in Strategies and Tactics of Organic Synthesis, T. Lindberg, Ed., Academic Press, New York, Ch. 6, 1984, pp. 155–173.

115. Total Synthesis of the Potent Mutagen (S)-3-(1,3,5,7,9-Dodecapentanyloxy)-1,2-propanediol, K.C. Nicolaou, R. Zipkin, D. Tanner, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 349–350.

116. Synthesis of 7,13-Bridged Arachidonic Acid Analogs, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Webber, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 350–351.

117. A General and Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Leukotriene B4 and Analogs, K.C. Nicolaou, R.E. Zipkin, R.E. Dolle, B.D. Harris, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 3548–3551.

118. A Practical Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Partial Synthesis of Avermectin B1a, K.C. Nicolaou, R.E. Dolle, D.P. Papahatjis, J.L. Randall, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 4189–4192.

119. Reactions of 2,3-Epoxyhalides. Synthesis of Optically Active Allylic Alcohols and Homoallylic Epoxides, K.C. Nicolaou, M.E. Duggan, T. Ladduwahetty, Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 2069–2072.

120. Reactions of Hydroxyl Groups with Tosylchloride-Dimethylaminopyridine System. Direct Synthesis of Chlorides from Hydroxycompounds, C.K. Hwang, W.S. Li, K.C. Nicolaou, Tetrahedron Lett. 1984, 25, 2295–2296.

121. Reactions of Glycosyl Fluorides. Synthesis of C-Glycosides, K.C. Nicolaou, R.E. Dolle, A. Chucholowski, J.L. Randall, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 1153–1154.

122. Reactions of Glycosyl Fluorides. Synthesis of O-, S- and N-Glycosides, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Chucholowski, R.E. Dolle, J.L. Randall, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1984, 1155–1156.

123. Total Synthesis of 5(S), 15(S)-Dihydroxy-6,13-trans-8,11-cis-eicosatetraenoic Acid (5,15-DiHETE), and 8(S), 15(S)-Dihydroxy-5,11-cis-9,13-trans-eicosatetraenoic Acid (8,15-DiHETE): Two Novel Metabolites of Arachidonic Acid, K.C. Nicolaou, S.E. Webber, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 5734–5736.

124. Total Synthesis of Elfamycins Aurodox and Efrotomycin. 1. Strategy and Construction of Key Intermediates, R.E. Dolle, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 1691–1694.

125. Total Synthesis of Elfamycins Aurodox and Efrotomycin. 2. Coupling of Key Intermediates and Completion of the Synthesis, R.E. Dolle, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 1695–1698.

126. A General Strategy for the Total Synthesis of the Presumed Lipoxin Structures, K.C. Nicolaou, S.E. Webber, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1985, 297–298.

127. An Intramolecular Diels–Alder Approach to Forskolin, K.C. Nicolaou, W.S. Li, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1985, 421.

128. Total Synthesis of Ionophore Antibiotic X-14547A, K.C. Nicolaou, D.P. Papahatjis, D.A. Claremon, R.L. Magolda, R.E. Dolle, J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1440–1456.

129. Modulation of Leukotriene Synthesis and Actions by Synthetic Derivatives of Arachidonic Acid, J.B. Smith, D.M. Roth, A.M. Lefer, N.A. Petasis, K.C. Nicolaou, Prostaglandins 1985, 29, 765–771.

130. Modern Synthetic Technology and Total Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules, K.C. Nicolaou, N.A. Petasis, R.E. Dolle, III, W.S. Li, D.P. Papahatjis, J. Uenishi, R.E. Zipkin, in New Methods in Drug Research, A. Makriyannis, Ed., J.R. Prous Science, Barcelona, Ch. 11, 1985, pp. 179–200.

131. Carbohydrate-Based Syntheses of the Goldinolactone and the Tetrahydrofuran Fragments of Aurodox and Efrotomycin, R.E. Dolle, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1985, 1016–1018.

132. New Synthetic Technology and Total Synthesis. The Elfamycins, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Br. 1985, 813–817.

133. Activation of 6-Endo over 5-Exo Epoxide Openings. Ring Selective Formation of Tetrahydropyran Systems and Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the ABC Ring Framework of Brevetoxin B, K.C. Nicolaou, M.E. Duggan, C.-K. Hwang, P.K. Somers, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1985, 1359–1362.

134. Stereospecific Synthesis of Rhynchosporosides: A Family of Fungal Metabolites Causing Scald Disease in Barley and Other Grasses, K.C. Nicolaou, J.L. Randall, G.T. Furst, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 5556–5558.

135. N-Phenylselenophthalimide (NPSP): A Valuable Selenenylating Agent, K.C. Nicolaou, N.A. Petasis, D.A. Claremon, Tetrahedron 1985, 41, 4835–4841.

136. Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 13E)(15S)-15-Hydroxyeicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoic Acid (15S-HETE) and Analogues, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Ladduwahetty, E.M. Elisseou, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1985, 1580–1581.

137. Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Lipoxins A, K.C. Nicolaou, C.A. Veale, S.E. Webber, H. Katerinopoulos, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 7515–7518.

138. Total Synthesis of 20-Hydroxy- and 20-Carboxy-Leukotrienes B4, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.S. Chung, P.E. Hernandez, I.M. Taffer, R.E. Zipkin, Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 1881–1882.

139. Retrosynthetic and Synthetic Chemistry of Amphotericin B. Synthesis of C1-C20 and C21-C38 Fragments and Construction of the 38-Membered Macrocycle, K.C. Nicolaou, T.K. Chakraborty, R.A. Daines, N.S. Simpkins, J. Chem Soc., Chem. Commun. 1986, 413–416.

140. Stereospecific 1,2-Migrations in Carbohydrates. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of α- and β-2-Deoxyglycosides, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Ladduwahetty, J.L. Randall, A. Chucholowski, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2466–2467.

141. New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of Oxocenes, K.C. Nicolaou, M.E. Duggan, C.-K. Hwang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2468–2469.

142. A General Strategy for the Synthesis of Monohydroxy-eicosatetraenoic Acids: Total Synthesis of 5(S)-Hydroxy-6(E),8,11,14(Z)-eicosatetraenoic Acid (5-HETE) and 12(S)-Hydroxy-5,8,14(Z),10(E)-eicosatetraenoic Acid (12-HETE), K.C. Nicolaou, T. Ladduwahetty, I.M. Taffer, R.E. Zipkin, Synthesis 1986, 344–347.

143. Organic Chemistry Today and Tomorrow, K.C. Nicolaou, N.A. Petasis, Chimika Chronika, General Ed. 1986, 51, 411–429 (Review in Greek).

144. Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Lipoxins B, K.C. Nicolaou, S.E. Webber, Synthesis 1986, 453–461.

145. Coronary Vasoactivity of Four 7,13-Bridged Analogs of Arachidonic Acid, A. Yanagisawa, M. Brezinshi, A.M. Lefer, S.E. Webber, K.C. Nicolaou, Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Medicine 1986, 23, 15–19.

146. Stereospecific Synthesis of 1,1-Dialkylglycosides, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, M.E. Duggan, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1986, 925–926.

147. Synthesis and Vascular Actions of an Arachidonic Acid Ethylene-Diamino-Triethyl-Ester (AA-EDTA) Derivative, A. Yanagisawa, A.M. Lefer, M.E. Elisseou, K.C. Nicolaou, Prostaglandins 1986, 31, 1063–1068.

148. Lipoxin A: Stereochemistry and Biosynthesis, C.N. Serhan, K.C. Nicolaou, S.E. Webber, C.A. Veale, S.-E. Dahlen, T.J. Puustinen, B. Samuelsson, J. Biol. Chem. 1986, 261, 16340–16345.

149. Bridging of Macrocycles to Bicycles. New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of Oxopolycyclic Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, M.E. Duggan, K. Bal Reddy, B.E. Marron, D.G. McGarry, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 6800–6802.

150. Evidence for a 5(6)-Epoxy-Tetraene Intermediate in the Biosynthesis of Lipoxins in Human Leukocytes: Conversion into Lipoxin by Cytosolic Epoxide Hydrolase, T.J. Puustinen, W.E. Webber, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Haeggstrom, C.N. Serhan, B. Samuelsson, FEBS Lett. 1986, 207, 127–132.

151. Stereoselective Total Synthesis of the Presumed Biosynthetic Precursor to Lipoxins A and B: Methyl (7E, 9E, 11Z, 13E, 5S, 6S, 15S)-5,6-Epoxy-15-

hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,13-tetraenoate and Its 5,6-Methano Analogue, K.C. Nicolaou, S.E. Webber, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1986, 1816–1817.

152. Synthesis of Eicosanoids, K.C. Nicolaou, N.A. Petasis, in Handbook of Eicosanoids, Prostaglandins and Related Lipids, Part B (Chemical and Biochemical Aspects), A.L. Willis, Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1987, pp. 1–18.

153. Organoselenium-Based Ring Closure Reactions, K.C. Nicolaou, N.A. Petasis, D.A. Claremon, in Organoselenium Chemistry, D. Liotta, Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987, pp. 127–162.

154. Lipoxins A Induced Inhibition of Human Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity: Studies on Stereospecificity of Inhibition and Mode of Action, U. Ramstedt, C.N. Serhan, K.C. Nicolaou, S.E. Webber, H. Wigzell, B. Samuelsson, J. Immun. 1987, 138, 266–270.

155. Stereocontrolled Construction of Key Building Blocks for the Total Synthesis of Amphoteronolide B and Amphotericin B, K.C. Nicolaou, R.A. Daines, J. Uenishi, W.S. Li, D.P. Papahatjis, T.K. Chakraborty, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 2205–2208.

156. Total Synthesis of Amphoteronolide B, K.C. Nicolaou, R.A. Daines, T.K. Chakraborty, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 2208–2210.

157. Total Synthesis of Amphotericin B, K.C. Nicolaou, R.A. Daines, T.K. Chakraborty, Y. Ogawa, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 2821–2822.

158. Amphoteronolide B Methylester. Novel Oxidative Deglycosidation of Amphotericin B, K.C. Nicolaou, T.K. Chakraborty, R.A. Daines, Y. Ogawa, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1987, 686–689.

159. Nucleophilic Additions to Thionolactones. New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of Medium and Large Ring Ethers, K.C. Nicolaou, D.G. McGarry, C.A. Veale, P.K. Somers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 2504–2506.

160. Thermal Cycloadditions of Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate with Cyclic Enolethers. An Entry into Medium Size Oxocyclic Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, M.E. Duggan, K. Bal Reddy, Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 1501–1502.

161. Stereochemistry and Biosynthesis of Lipoxins, C.N. Serhan, K.C. Nicolaou, S.E. Webber, C.A. Veale, J. Haeggstrom, T.J. Puustinen, B. Samuelsson, Adv. Prost. Thromb. & Leukot. Res., B. Samuelsson, R. Paoletti, P.W. Ramwell, Eds., Raven Press, New York, Vol. 17A, 1987, pp. 90–93.

162. The Effects of Lipoxin A and Lipoxin B on Functional Responses of Human Granulocytes, J. Palmblad, H. Gyllenhammar, B. Ringertz, C.N. Serhan, B. Samuelsson, K.C. Nicolaou, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1987, 145, 168–175.

163. The Action of Lipoxin-A on Glomerular Microcirculatory Dynamics in The Rat, K.F. Badr, C.N. Serhan, K.C. Nicolaou, B. Samuelsson, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1987, 145, 408–414.

164. Dithiatopazine. The First Stable 1,2-Dithietane, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, M.E. Duggan, P.J. Carroll, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 3801–3802.

165. Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Lipoxins A5 and B5, K.C. Nicolaou, S.E. Webber, J. Ramphal, Y. Abe, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1987, 26, 1019–1021.

166. The Total Synthesis of the Lipoxins and Related Compounds, S.E. Webber, C.A. Veale, K.C. Nicolaou, in Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, P.Y. Wong and C.N. Serhan, Eds., Proc. FASEB Symp. on Lipoxins: Biosynthesis and Pharmacology, Plenum Press, New York, Vol. 229, 1987, 61–77.

167. Synthetic Eicosanoids, K.C. Nicolaou, N.A. Petasis, in Biology and Chemistry of Prostaglandins and Related Eicosanoids, P.B. Curtis-Prior, Ed., Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1988, pp. 78–94.

168. Preparation and Reactions of Glycosyl Fluorides, J.L. Randall, K.C. Nicolaou, in Fluorinated Carbohydrates, Chemical and Biochemical Aspects, ACS Symposium Series, N.F. Taylor, Ed., Vol. 374, 1988, Ch. 2, pp. 13–28.

169. Chemistry of Amphotericin B. Degradation Studies and Preparation of Amphoteronolide B, K.C. Nicolaou, T.K. Chakraborty, Y. Ogawa, R.A. Daines, N.S. Simpkins, G.T. Furst, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4660–4672.

170. Total Synthesis of Amphoteronolide B and Amphotericin B. 1. Strategy and Stereocontrolled Construction of Key Building Blocks, K.C. Nicolaou, R.A. Daines, J. Uenishi, W.S. Li, D.P. Papahatjis, T.K. Chakraborty, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4672–4685.

171. Total Synthesis of Amphoteronolide B and Amphotericin B. 2. Total Synthesis of Amphoteronolide B, K.C. Nicolaou, R.A. Daines, T.K. Chakraborty, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4685–4696.

172. Total Synthesis of Amphotericin B. 3. The Final Stages, K.C. Nicolaou, R.A. Daines, Y. Ogawa, T.K. Chakraborty, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4696–4705.

173. Cyclic Conjugated Enediynes Related to Calicheamicins and Esperamicins: Calculations, Synthesis and Properties, K.C. Nicolaou, G. Zuccarello, Y. Ogawa, E.J. Schweiger, T. Kumazawa, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4866–4868.

174. Methyl 4-Hydroxy-5-iodo-2,3-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzoate: The Aromatic Fragment of Calichemicin γ1α

I. Synthesis, X-Ray Crystallographic Analysis, and Properties, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Ebata, N.A. Stylianides, R.D. Groneberg, P.J. Carroll, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 1097–1099.

175. Novel Chemistry of Dithiatopazine, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, S. DeFrees, N.A. Stylianides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4868–4869.

176. Actions of Lipoxin A4 and Related Compounds in Smooth Muscle Preparations and on the Microcirculation in vivo, S.E. Dahlen, L. Franzen, J. Raud, C.N. Serhan, P. Westlund, E. Wikstrom, T. Bjorck, H. Matsuda, S.E. Webber, C.A. Veale, T. Puustinen, J. Haeggstrom, K.C. Nicolaou, B. Samuelsson, in Lipoxins: Biosynthesis, Chemistry and Biological Activities, P.Y.-K. Wong and C.N. Serhan, Eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1988, pp. 107–130.

177. DNA Cleavage by a Synthetic Mimic of the Calicheamicin-Esperamicin Class of Antibiotics, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. Ogawa, G. Zuccarello, H. Kataoka, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7247–7248.

178. A Practical and Enantioselective Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids and Related Compounds. Total Synthesis of Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), K.C. Nicolaou, T. Caulfield, H. Kataoka, T. Kumazawa, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7910–7912.

179. A Photolytic Entry into Oxepane Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, D.A. Nugiel, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, 1362–1364.

180. Lipoxins A4 and B4: Comparison of Eicosanoids Having Bronchoconstrictor and Vasodilator Actions but Lacking Platelet Aggregatory Activity, A.M. Lefer, G.L. Stahl, D.J. Lefer, M.E. Brezinski, K.C. Nicolaou, C.A. Veale, Y. Abe, J.B. Smith, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1988, 85, 8340–8344.

181. Differential Effects of 20-Trifluoromethyl Leukotriene B4 on Human Neutrophil Functions, B.S. Tsai, R.H. Keith, D. Villani-Price, R.A. Haack, R.F. Bauer, R. Leonard, Y. Abe, K.C. Nicolaou, Prostaglandins 1989, 37, 287–302.

182. Identification of a Novel 7-cis-11-trans-lipoxin A4 Generated by Human Neutrophils: Total Synthesis, Spasmogenic Activities, and Comparison with Other Geometric Isomers of Lipoxin A4 and B4, K.C. Nicolaou, B.E. Marron, C.A. Veale, S.E. Webber, S.E. Dahlen, B. Samuelsson, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1989, 1003, 44–53.

183. Cyclizations of Hydroxydithioketals. New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of Oxocenes and Related Medium Ring Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, C.V.C. Prasad, C.-K. Hwang, M.E. Duggan, C.A. Veale, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 5321–5330.

184. Activation of 6-Endo over 5-Exo Hydroxy Epoxide Openings. Stereo- and Ringselective Synthesis of Tetrahydrofuran and Tetrahydropyran Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, C.V.C. Prasad, P.K. Somers, C.-K. Hwang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 5330–5334.

185. Activation of 7-Endo over 6-Exo Epoxide Openings. Synthesis of Oxepane and Tetrahydropyran Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, C.V.C. Prasad, P.K. Somers, C.-K. Hwang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 5335–5340.

186. Pharmacologic Profile of Lipoxins A5 and B5: New Biologically Active Eicosanoids, G.L. Stahl, P. Tsao, A.M. Lefer, J.Y. Ramphal, K.C. Nicolaou, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1989, 163, 55–60.

187. A Synthetic Route to Forskolin, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Kubota, W.S. Li, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1989, 512–514.

188. Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of the C1-C10 Fragment of Nystatin A1, K.C. Nicolaou, K.H. Ahn, Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30, 1217–1220.

189. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the Sex Pheromone of the Green Stink Bug, K.C. Nicolaou, B.E. Marron, Synthesis 1989, 7, 537–540.

190. Synthetic Studies on the Dioxepane Region of Brevetoxin B. New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of Oxepanes and Synthesis of a Model for

the CDEF Ring Skeleton of Brevetoxin B, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, D.A. Nugiel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4136–4137.

191. Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (5S,6R)-, (5S,6R)-, (5S,6R)- and (5S,6R)- (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5,6-Dihydroxy-7,9,11,14-icosatetraenoic Acid (5,6-DiHETE) Methyl Esters, K.C. Nicolaou, J.Y. Ramphal, J.M. Palazon, R.A. Spanevello, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1989, 28, 587–588.

192. Synthesis of the ABC Ring System of Brevetoxin B, K.C. Nicolaou, M.E. Duggan, C.-K. Hwang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6666–6675.

193. Synthesis of the FG Ring System of Brevetoxin B, K.C. Nicolaou, M.E. Duggan, C.-K. Hwang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6676–6682.

194. Synthesis of the Brevetoxin B IJK Ring System, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, M.E. Duggan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6682–6690.

195. A New Class of DNA-Cleaving Molecules. pH-Dependent DNA Cleavage by Propargylic and Allenic Sulfones, K.C. Nicolaou, G. Skokotas, P. Maligres, G. Zuccarello, E.J. Schweiger, K. Toshima, S. Wendeborn, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1989, 28, 1272–1275.

196. Pheromone Blends of Green Stink Bugs and Possible Parasitoid Selection, J.R. Aldrich, W.R. Lusby, B.E. Marron, K.C. Nicolaou, M.P. Hoffmann, L.T. Wilson, Naturwissenschaften 1989, 76, 173–175.

197. Synthesis of 19,19,20,20,20-Pentadeuterated Lipoxin A4 Methyl Ester and 19,19,20,20,20-Pentadeuterated Arachidonic Acid and Demonstration of Their Use in the Quantitative Detection of Naturally Occurring Eicosanoids, B.E. Marron, R.A. Spanevello, M.E. Elisseou, C.N. Serhan, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 5522–5527.

198. Total Synthesis of Novel Geometric Isomers of Lipoxins A4 and Lipoxin B4, K.C. Nicolaou, B.E. Marron, C.A. Veale, S.E. Webber, C.N. Serhan, J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 5527–5535.

199. Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Methyl 12(S)-Hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoate, K.C. Nicolaou, N.A. Stylianides, J.Y. Ramphal, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1989, 2131–2132.

200. Lipoxin A4 Causes Generation of Thromboxane A2 in the Guinea-Pig Lung, E. Wikstrom, P. Westlund, K.C. Nicolaou, S.-E. Dahlen, Agents and Actions 1989, 26, 90–92.

201. Pharmacodynamics of Lipoxin A4 in Airway Smooth Muscle, S.-E. Dahlen, C.A. Veale, S.E. Webber, B.E. Marron, K.C. Nicolaou, C.N. Serhan, Agents and Actions 1989, 26, 93–95.

202. Lipoxin Stimulate Prostacyclic Generation by Human Endothelial Cells, M.E. Brezinski, M.A. Gimbrone, Jr., K.C. Nicolaou, C.N. Serhan, FEBS Lett. 1989, 245, 167–172.

203. Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-icosatetraenoic Acid [12(R)-HETE], K.C. Nicolaou, J. Ramphal, Y. Abe, Synthesis 1989, 12, 898–901.

204. Lipoxin A4 Inhibits Leukotriene B4-Induced Inflammation in the Hamster Cheek Pouch, P. Hedqvist, U. Palmertz, J. Haeggstrom, K.C. Nicolaou, S.-E. Dahlen, Acta Physiol. Scand. 1989, 137, 571–572.

205. Platelet-Activiting Factor PAF Antagonistic Actions of Two New Analogs of PAF, P.S. Tsao, G.A. Stahl, A.M. Lefer, J.M. Salvino, S. Pietranico, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Lipid Mediators 1989, 1, 189–199.

206. Aspects of Eicosanoids in Inflammation, P. Hedqvist, S.E. Dahlen, J. Raud, L. Lindbom, A. Thuresson-Klein, K.C. Nicolaou, NATO ASI Ser. A 1989, 177, 169–182.

207. Ca2+ Mobilization with Leukotriene A4 and Epoxytetraenes in Human Neutrophils, F.W. Luscinskas, K.C. Nicolaou, S.E. Webber, C.A. Veale, M.A. Gimbrone, Jr., C.N. Serhan, Biochem. Pharmacol. 1990, 39, 355–356.

208. Dithiatopazine and Related Systems. Synthesis, Chemistry, X-Ray Crystallographic Analysis and Calculations, K.C. Nicolaou, S.A. DeFrees, C.-K. Hwang, N. Stylianides, P.J. Carrol, J.P. Snyder, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3029–3039.

209. Bridging of Macrodithionolactones to Bicyclic Systems. Synthesis of Oxapolycyclic Frameworks. K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, B.E. Marron, S.A. DeFrees, E.A. Couladouros, Y. Abe, P.J. Carrol, J. Snyder, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3040–3054.

210. Identification of Lipoxin A4 and Its Relationship to the Sulfidopeptide Leukotrienes C4 D4 and E4 in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids Obtained from Patients with Selected Pulmonary Diseases, T.H. Lee, A.E.G. Crea, V. Grant, B.W. Spur, B.E. Marron, K.C. Nicolaou, E. Reardon, M. Brezinski, C.N. Serhan, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1990, 141, 1453–1458.

211. Total Synthesis of Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and Lysoglobotriaosylceramide (LysoGb3), K.C. Nicolaou, T.J. Caulfield, H. Kataoka, Carbohydr. Res. 1990, 202, 177–191.

212. Total Synthesis of the Tumor-Associated Lex Family of Glycosphingolipids, K.C. Nicolaou, T.J. Caulfield, H. Kataoka, N.A. Stylianides, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3693–3695.

213. New Synthetic Strategies for the Construction of Medium Size Ethers. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the BCD Ring Framework of Brevetoxin A, K.C. Nicolaou, D.G. McGarry, P.K. Somers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3696–3697.

214. Novel Strategy for the Construction of the Oligosaccharide Fragment of Calicheamicin γ1α

I. Synthesis of the ABC Skeleton, K.C. Nicolaou, R.D. Groneberg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4085–4086.

215. Synthesis of Medium-Sized Ring Ethers from Thionolactones. Applications to Polyether Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, D.G. McGarry, P.K. Somers, B.H. Kim, W.W. Ogilvie, G. Yiannikouros, C.V.C. Prasad, C.A. Veale, R.R. Hark, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6263–6276.

216. Synthesis of the CD and E Ring Systems of the Calicheamicin γ1I Oligosaccharide, K.C. Nicolaou, R.D. Groneberg, N.A. Stylianides, T. Miyazaki, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1990, 18, 1275–1277.

217. Stereocontrolled Second Generation Syntheses of the ABC and FG Ring Systems of Brevetoxin B, K.C. Nicolaou, D.A. Nugiel, E. Couladouros, C.-K. Hwang, Tetrahedron 1990, 46, 4517–4552.

218. Golfomycin A: A Novel Designer Molecule with DNA-Cleaving Properties and Antitumor Activity, K.C. Nicolaou, G. Skokotas, S. Furuya, H. Suemune, D. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1064–1067.

219. Novel Stereocontrolled Construction of the Nonacene Ring System of Brevetoxin A, K.C. Nicolaou, C.V.C. Prasad, W.W. Ogilvie, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4988–4989.

220. Evaluation of Synthetic Sphingosine, Lysosphingolipids and Glycosphingolipids as Inhibitors of Functional Responses of Human Neutrophils, S. Fiore, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Caulfield, H. Kataoka, C.N. Serhan, Biochem. J. 1990, 266, 25–31.

221. Peptides: Chemistry, Structure and Biology, K.C. Nicolaou, J.M. Salvino, K. Raynor, S. Pietranico, T. Reisine, R.M. Freidinger, R. Hirschmann, Proc. 11th Am. Pept. Symp., J.E. Rivier, G.R. Marshall, Eds., Escom, Leichen, 1990, pp. 881–883.

222. DNA-Cleavage and Antitumor Activity of Designed Molecules with Conjugated Phosphine-allene-ene-yne Functionalities, K.C. Nicolaou, P. Maligres, J. Shin, E. de Leon, D. Rideout, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7825–7826.

223. Total Synthesis of the Oligosaccharide Fragment of Calicheamicin γ1I, K.C. Nicolaou, R.D. Groneberg, T. Miyazaki, N.A. Stylianides, T.J. Schultze, W. Stahl, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 8193–8195.

224. Total Synthesis of Amphoteronolide B and Amphotericin B, K.C. Nicolaou, W.W. Ogilvie, ChemTracts 1990, 3, 327–349.

225. Synthesis of Dynemicin A Models, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, A.L. Smith, S.V. Wendeborn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7416–7418.

226. Synthesis of Novel Oligosaccharides, K.C. Nicolaou, T.J. Caulfield, R.D. Groneberg, Pure Appl. Chem. 1991, 63, 555–560.

227. Lipoxins and Related Eicosanoids: Biosynthesis, Chemical Synthesis and Biological Properties, K.C. Nicolaou, J.Y. Ramphal, N.A. Petasis, C.N. Serhan, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1100–1116.

228. Selectivity and Mechanism of Action of Novel DNA Cleaving Agents, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Wendeborn, K. Isshiki, N. Zein, G. Ellestad, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 418–420.

229. Synthesis and Chemistry of Dynemicin A Models, K.C. Nicolaou, A.L. Smith, S.V. Wendeborn, C.K. Hwang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3106–3114.

230. Chemical Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids, K.C. Nicolaou, ChemTracts 1991, 4, 181–198.

231. Novel Strategies for the Construction of Complex Polycyclic Ether Frameworks. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the FGHIJ Ring System of Brevetoxin A, K.C. Nicolaou, C.A. Veale, C.-K. Hwang, J. Hutchinson,

C.V.C. Prasad, W.W. Ogilvie, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 299–303.

232. Synthetic Strategy for the Coupling of the Calicheamicin Oligosaccharide with Aglycons. Synthesis of Dynemicin A–Calicheamicin Hybrid Structures, K.C. Nicolaou, E.P. Schreiner, W. Stahl, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 585–588.

233. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Sialyl Lex, the Oligosaccharide Binding Ligand to ELAM-1, K.C. Nicolaou, C.W. Hummel, N.J. Bockovich, C.-H. Wong, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 870–872.

234. Enediyne Compounds Equipped with Acid-, Base-, and Photo-Sensitive Triggering Devices. Simulation of the Dynemicin A Cascade, K.C. Nicolaou, W.-M. Dai, S. Wendeborn, A.L. Smith, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1032–1036.

235. Synthesis of Novel Oligosaccharides Based on Glycosyltransferases: β1,4Galactosyltransferase, C-H. Wong, T. Krach, C. Gautheron-Le Narvor, Y. Ichikawa, G.L. Look, K.C. Nicolaou, Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 4867–4870.

236. Chemistry and Biology of the Enediyne Anticancer Antibiotics, K.C. Nicolaou, W.-M. Dai, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1387–1416.

237. Novel Enediynes Equipped with Triggering and Detection Devices. Isolation of cis-Diol Models of the Dynemicin A Cascade, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.-P. Hong, S.-C. Tsay, W.-M. Dai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9878–9880.

238. Total Synthesis of Calicheamicin–Dynemicin Hybrid Molecules, K.C. Nicolaou, E.P. Schreiner, Y. Iwabuchi, T. Suzuki, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 340–342.

239. Cationization of Organometallo Carbonyl Compounds Through Fast Ion Bombardment, G. Siuzdak, S.V. Wendeborn, K.C. Nicolaou, Int'nl J. Mass Spectr. & Ion Proc. 1992, 112, 79–91.

240. Designed Enediynes. A New Class of DNA-Cleaving Molecules with Potent and Selective Anticancer Activity, K.C. Nicolaou, W.-M. Dai, S.-C. Tsay, V.A. Estevez, W. Wrasidlo, Science 1992, 256, 1172–1178.

241. Total Synthesis of Sialyl Dimeric Lex, K.C. Nicolaou, C.W. Hummel, Y. Iwabuchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 3126–3128.

242. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Calicheamicinone, A.L. Smith, C.-K. Hwang, E. Pitsinos, G.R. Scarlato, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 3134–3136.

243. Total Synthesis of the Carbohydrate Fragments of Esperamicin A1, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Clark, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 855–857.

244. Design, Synthesis and Study of Simple Monocyclic Conjugated Enediynes. The 10-Membered Ring Enediyne Moiety of the Enediyne Anticancer Antibiotics, K.C. Nicolaou G. Zuccarello, C. Reimer, V.A. Estevez, W.-M. Dai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7360–7371.

245. Molecular Design and Chemical Synthesis of Potent Enediynes 1. Dynemicin Model Systems Equipped with N-Tethered Triggering Devices, K.C.

Nicolaou, P. Maligres, T. Suzuki, S.V. Wendeborn, W.-M. Dai, R. Chadha, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8890–8907.

246. Molecular Design and Chemical Synthesis of Potent Enediynes 2. Dynemicin Model Systems Equipped with C-3 Triggering Devices and Evidence for Quinone Methide Formation in the Mechanism of Action of Dynemicin A, K.C. Nicolaou, W.-M. Dai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8908–8921.

247. 10-Membered Ring Enediynes with Remarkable Chemical and Biological Profiles, K.C. Nicolaou, E. Sorensen, R. Discordia, C.-K. Hwang, R.E. Minto, K.N. Bharucha, R.G. Bergman, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1044–1046.

248. DNA-Carbohydrate Interactions. Specific Binding of the Calicheamicin γ1I

Oligosaccharide with Duplex DNA, K.C. Nicolaou, S.-C. Tsay, T. Suzuki, G. Joyce, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7555–7557.

249. A Convergent Strategy Towards Taxol. A Facile Enantioselective Entry Into Fully Functionalized Ring A System, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, E.J. Sorenson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, 1117–1118.

250. Conformational Studies of Sialyl Lewis X in Aqueous Solution, Y-C. Ling, C.W. Hummel, D.-H. Huang, Y. Ichikawa, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-H. Wong, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 5452–5454.

251. Molecular Design, Chemical Synthesis and Biological Action of Enediynes, K.C. Nicolaou, A.L. Smith, Acc. Chem. Res. 1992, 25, 497–503.

252. Synthesis of a Fully Functionalized CD Ring System of Taxol, K.C. Nicolaou, J.-J. Liu, C.-K. Hwang, W.-M. Dai, R.K. Guy, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, 1118–1120.

253. Total Synthesis of Hemibrevetoxin B, K.C. Nicolaou, K.R. Reddy, G. Skokotas, F. Sato, X.-Y. Xiao, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7935–7936.

254. Redox-Controlled Bergman Cycloaromatizations. Designed Enediynes with DNA Cleaving Properties and Antitumor Activity, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Liu, Z. Zeng, S. McComb, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9279–9282.

255. Synthesis and Biological Actions of Optically Active Enediynes Related to Dynemicin A, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.-P. Hong, W.-M. Dai, Z.-J. Zeng, W. Wrasidlo, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, 1542–1544.

256. Total Synthesis of the NodRm-IV Factors, the Rhizobium Nodulation Signals, K.C. Nicolaou, N.J. Bockovich, D.R. Carcanague, C.W. Hummel, L. Even, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8701–8702.

257. On the Mechanism of Activation of Designed Enediynes with Selective Cytotoxicity, K.C. Nicolaou, W.-M. Dai, S.-C. Tsay, W. Wrasidlo, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1992, 2, 1155–1160.

258. Total Synthesis of Calicheamicin γ1I. K.C. Nicolaou, C.W. Hummel, E.N. Pitsinos, M. Nakada, A.L. Smith, K. Shibayama, H. Saimoto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10082–10084.

259. Nonpeptidal Peptidomimetic with a β-D-Glucose Scaffolding. A Partial Somatostatin Agonist Bearing a Close Structural Relationship to a Potent, Selective Substance P Antagonist, R. Hirschmann, K.C. Nicolaou, S.

Pietranico, J. Salvino, E.M. Leahy, P.A. Sprengler, G. Furst, A.B. Smith, III, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9217–9218.

260. Cell Specific Regulation of Apoptosis by Designed Enediynes, K.C. Nicolaou, P. Stabila, B. Asmaeli-Azad, W. Wrasidlo, A. Hiatt, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1992, 90, 3142–3146 (1993).

261. A New Designed Tumor Selective Daunomycin Derivative, P.E. Maligres, K.C. Nicolaou, W. Wrasidlo, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1993, 3, 1051–1054.

262. Molecular Basis for the Inhibition of Human α-Thrombin by Macrocyclic Peptide Cyclotheonamide A, B.E. Maryanoff, X. Qiu, K. Padmanabhan, A. Tulinsky, H.R. Almond, Jr., P. Andrade-Gordon, M.N. Greco, J.A. Kauffman, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Liu, P.H. Brungs, N. Fusetani, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1993, 90, 8048–8052.

263. Evidence of Ca+2 Dependent Carbohydrate Association Through Ion Spray Mass Spectrometry, G. Siuzdak, Y. Ichikawa, T.C. Caulfield, B. Munoz, C.-H. Wong, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 2877–2881.

264. Total Synthesis of Hemibrevetoxin B and (7aα)-epi-Hemibrevetoxin B, K.C. Nicolaou, K. R. Reddy, G. Skokotas, F. Sato, X-.Y. Xiao, C.-K. Hwang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 3558–3575.

265. A Highly Convergent Strategy Towards Rapamycin. Stereoselective Construction of the C8-C18 Fragment, A.D. Piscopio, N. Minowa, T.K. Chakraborty, K. Koide, P. Bertinato, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 617–618.

266. Stereoselective Construction of the C21-C42 Fragment of Rapamycin, K.C. Nicolaou, P. Bertinato, A.D. Piscopio, T.K. Chakraborty, N. Minowa, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 619–622.

267. Total Synthesis of Rapamycin, K.C. Nicolaou, T.K. Chakraborty, A.D. Piscopio, N. Minowa, P. Bertinato, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4419–4420.

268. Progress Towards the Total Synthesis of the Enediyne Anticancer Antibiotics, K.C. Nicolaou, A.L. Smith, Pure Appl. Chem. 1993, 65, 1271–1280.

269. Total Synthesis of Calicheamicin γ1I 1. Synthesis of the Oligosaccharide Fragment, R.D. Groneberg, T. Miyazaki, N.A. Stylianides, T.J. Schulze, W. Stahl, E.P. Schreiner, T. Suzuki, Y. Iwabuchi, A.L. Smith, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 7593–7611.

270. Total Synthesis Calicheamicin γ1I: 2. Development of an Enantioselective Route to (–)-Calicheamicinone, A.L. Smith, E. Pitsinos, C.-K. Hwang, Y. Mizuno, H. Saimoto, G.R. Scarlato, T. Suzuki, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 7612–7624.

271. Total Synthesis of Calicheamicin γ1I: 3. Final Stages, K.C. Nicolaou, C.W. Hummel, M. Nakada, K. Shibayama, E.N. Pitsinos, H. Saimoto, Y. Mizuno, K.-U. Baldenius, A.L. Smith, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 7625–7635.

272. Chemistry and Biology of Natural and Designed Enediynes, K.C. Nicolaou, A.L. Smith, E.W. Yue, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1993, 90, 5881–5888.

273. Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Protaxols, K.C. Nicolaou, C. Reimer, M. Kerr, D. Rideout, W. Wrasidlo, Nature 1993, 364, 464–466.

274. Synthesis of ABC Taxoid Ring Systems via a Convergent Strategy, K.C. Nicolaou, Z. Yang, E.J. Sorensen, M. Nakada, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 1024–1026.

275. Progress In the Total Synthesis of Brevetoxins, K.R. Reddy, G. Skokotas, K.C. Nicolaou, Gazz. Chim. Ital. 1993, 123, 337–341.

276. Molecular Design, Chemical Synthesis, Kinetic Studies, Calculations, and Biological Studies of Novel Enediynes Equipped with Triggering, Detection and Deactivating Devices. Model Dynemicin A Epoxide and cis-Diol Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, W.-M. Dai, Y.-P. Hong, S.-C. Tsay, K.K. Baldridge, J.S. Siegel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 7944–7953.

277. New Synthetic Methods and Strategies and Total Synthesis of Natural Products, K.C. Nicolaou, Aldrichimica Acta 1993, 26, 63–77.

278. Total Synthesis of Sulfated Lex and Lea-Type Oligosaccharide Selectin Ligands, K.C. Nicolaou, N.J. Bockovich, D.R. Carcanague, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8843–8844.

279. The Battle of Calicheamicin, K.C. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 1377–1385.

280. Sulfur and the Enediyne Antibiotics, K.C. Nicolaou, A.L. Smith, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon 1993, 74, 47–58.

281. De Novo Design and Synthesis of Somatostatin Non-Peptide Peptidomimetics Utilizing β-D-Glucose As a Novel Scaffolding, R. Hirschmann, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Pietranico, E.M. Leahy, B. Aryson, M.A. Cichy, P.G. Spoors, J. Salvino, W.C. Shakespeare, P.A. Sprengler, P. Hamley, A.B. Smith, T. Reisine, K. Raynor, C. Donaldson, W. Vale, L. Maechler, R.M. Freidinger, C.D. Strader, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 12550–12568.

282. Preclinical Studies of Designed Enediynes, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Mauch, R. Merlock, W. Wrasidlo, Recent Adv. Chemother. Proc. 18th Int. Congr. Chemother. in J. Am. Soc. Microbiol. 1993, 873–875.

283. Chemistry and Biology of Taxol, K.C. Nicolaou, W.-M. Dai, R.K. Guy, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 15–44.

284. Calicheamicin θ1I: A Rationally Designed Molecule with Extremely Potent and Selective DNA Cleaving Properties and Apoptosis Inducing Activity, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Li, M. Nakada, C.W. Hummel, A. Hiatt, W. Wrasidlo, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 183–186.

285. Novel Chemistry of Taxol. Retrosynthetic and Synthetic Studies, K.C. Nicolaou, P.G. Nantermet, H. Ueno, R.K. Guy, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 295–296.

286. The Magic of Enediyne Chemistry, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Br. 1994, 30, 33–36.

287. Sulfated Blood Group Lewis a - A Superior Oligosaccharide Ligand for Human E-Selectin, C.-T. Yuen, K. Bezouska, J.O. Brien, M. Stoll, R. Lemoine, A. Lubineau, M, Kiso, A. Hasegawa, N.J. Bockovich, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Feizi, J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269, 1595–1598.

288. Total Synthesis of Taxol, K.C. Nicolaou, Z. Yang, J.J. Liu, H. Ueno, P.G. Nantermet, R.K. Guy, C.F. Claiborne, J.B. Renaud, E.A. Couladouros, K. Paulvannan, E.J. Sorensen, Nature 1994, 367, 630–634.

289. Synthesis of Novel Taxoids, K.C. Nicolaou, C.F. Claiborne, P.G. Nantermet, E.A. Couladouros, E.J. Sorensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1591–1592.

290. Chemistry and Biology of the Calicheamicins, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Biol. 1994, 1, xxvi–xxvii.

291. Synthesis of Anthraquinone Framework of Dynemicin A, K.C. Nicolaou, J.L. Gross, M. Kerr, R.H. Lemus, K. Ikeda, H. Ohe, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 781–783.

292. Interaction of Calicheamicin with Duplex DNA: Role of the Oligosaccharide Domain and Identification of Multiple Binding Modes, L. Gomez Paloma, J.A. Smith, W.J. Chazin, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3697–3708.

293. Carbohydrate–Minor Groove Interactions in the Binding of Calicheamicin γ1I to Duplex DNA, T. Li, Z. Zeng, V.A. Estevez, K.-U. Baldenius, K.C Nicolaou, G.F. Joyce, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3709–3715.

294. A Convergent Approach to Swinholide A. Stereoselective Construction of the C3-C17 Fragment of Swinholide A, A.P. Patron, P. Richter, M.J. Tomaszewski, R.A. Miller, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1147–1150.

295. Stereoselective Construction of the C18-C32 Fragment of Swinholide A, P.K. Richter, M.J. Tomaszewski, R. Miller, A.P. Patron, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1151–1152.

296. Chemical Self-Replication of Palindromic Duplex DNA, T. Li, K.C. Nicolaou, Nature 1994, 367, 218–221.

297. Synthesis of C-2 Taxol Analogues, K.C. Nicolaou, E.A. Couladouros, P.G. Nantermet, J. Renaud, R.K. Guy, W. Wrasidlo, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1581–1583.

298. A Water-Soluble Prodrug of Taxol with Self-Assembling Properties, K.C. Nicolaou, R.K. Guy, E.N. Pitsinos, W. Wrasidlo, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 1583–1587.

299. Antiproliferative Effects of Enediynes on AIDS-derived Kaposi's Sarcoma Cells, J. Corbeil, D.D. Richman, W. Wrasidlo, K.C. Nicolaou, D.J. Looney, Cancer Res. 1994, 54, 4270–4273.

300. Total Synthesis of Balanol, K.C. Nicolaou, M.E. Bunnage, K. Koide, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 8402–8403.

301. Synthetic Calicheamicin Mimics with Novel Initiation Mechanisms: DNA Cleavage, Cytotoxicity, and Apoptosis, K.C. Nicolaou, E.N. Pitsinos, E.A. Theodorakis, H. Saimoto, W. Wrasidlo, Chem. Biol. 1994, 1, 57–66.

302. Conformation of Water-Soluble Derivative of Taxol in Water by 2D-NMR Spectroscopy, L. Gomez-Paloma, R.K. Guy, W. Wrasidlo, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Biol. 1994, 1, 107–112.

303. Total Synthesis of Truncated Brevetoxin B [AFGHIJK], K.C. Nicolaou, J. Tiebes, E.A. Theodorakis, F.P.J.T. Rutjes, K. Koide, M. Sato, E. Untersteller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9371–9372.

304. Studies Towards the Synthesis of Esperamicinone, D.A. Clark, F. De Riccardis, K.C. Nicolaou, Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 11391–11426.

305. Zaragozic Acid A/Squalestatin S1: Synthetic and Retrosynthetic Studies, K.C. Nicolaou, E.W. Yue, Y. Naniwa, F. De Riccardis, A. Nadin, J.E. Leresche, S. La Greca, Z. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2184–2187.

306. Synthesis of the First Fully Functionalized Core of the Zaragozic Acids/Squalestatins, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Nadin, J.E. Leresche, S. La Greca, T. Tsuri, E.W. Yue, Z. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2187–2190.

307. Total Synthesis of Zaragozic Acid A/Squalestatin S1, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Nadin, J.E. Leresche, E.W. Yue, S. La Greca, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 2190–2191.

308. Photochemical Analogue of the Bergman Cycloaromatization Reaction, N.J. Turro, A. Evenzahav, K.C. Nicolaou, Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 8089–8092.

309. Examination of the Sialyl Lewis X - Calcium Complex by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry, G. Siuzdak, Z.-L. Zheng, J.R. Ramphal, Y. Ichikawa, K.C. Nicolaou, F.C.A. Gaeta, K.S. Chatman, C.-H. Wong, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1994, 4, 2863–2866.

310. The Total Synthesis of Paclitaxel by Assembly of the Ring System, K.C. Nicolaou, R.K. Guy, 207th ACS Symp. Series No. 583, Ch. 22, 1995, 302–312.

311. Total Synthesis of Taxol. 1. Retrosynthesis, Degradation, and Reconstitution, K.C. Nicolaou, P.G. Nantermet, H. Ueno, R.K. Guy, E.A. Couladouros, E.J. Sorensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 624–633.

312. Total Synthesis of Taxol. 2. Construction of A and C Ring Intermediates and Initial Attempts to Construct the ABC Ring System, K.C. Nicolaou, J.-J. Liu, Z. Yang, H. Ueno, E.J. Sorensen, C.F. Claiborne, R.K. Guy, C.-K. Hwang, M. Nakada, P.G. Nantermet, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 634–644.

313. Total Synthesis of Taxol. 3. Formation of Taxol's ABC Ring Skeleton, K.C. Nicolaou, Z. Yang, J.-J. Liu, P.G. Nantermet, C.F. Claiborne, J. Renaud, R.K. Guy, K. Shibayama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 645–652.

314. Total Synthesis of Taxol. 4. The Final Stages and Completion of the Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Ueno, J.-J. Liu, P.G. Nantermet, Z. Yang, J. Renaud, K. Paulvannan, R. Chadha, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 653–659.

315. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin B. 1: CDEFG Framework, K.C. Nicolaou, E. Theodorakis, F.P.J.T. Rutjes, J. Tiebes, M. Sato, E. Untersteller, X.-Y. Xiao, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1171–1172.

316. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin B. 2: Completion, K.C. Nicolaou, F.P.J.T. Rutjes, E. Theodorakis, J. Tiebes, M. Sato, E. Untersteller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1173–1174.

317. Macrocyclic Peptide Inhibitors of Serine Proteases. Convergent Total Synthesis of Cyclotheonamides A and B via a Late-Stage Primary Amine Intermediate. Study of Thrombin Inhibition under Diverse Conditions, B.E.

Maryanoff, M.N. Greco, H.-C. Zhang, P. Andrade-Gordon, J.A. Kaufmann, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Liu, P.H. Brungs, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1225–1239.

318. Chemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of C-2 Taxoids, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Renaud, P.G. Nantermet, E.A. Couladouros, R.K. Guy, W. Wrasidlo, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2409–2420.

319. Design and Synthesis of a Rapamycin-Based High Affinity Binding FKBP12 Ligand, T.K. Chakraborty, H.P. Weber, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Biol. 1995, 2, 157–161.

320. DNA-Carbohydrate Recognition: Design and Synthesis of an Eight-Based Sequence-Selective DNA-Binding Oligosaccharide, K.C. Nicolaou, K. Ajito, H. Komatsu, B.M. Smith, T. Li, M.G. Egan, L. Gomez-Paloma, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 576–578.

321. Carbonucleotoids and Carbopeptoids: New Carbohydrate Oligomers, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Florke, M.G. Egan, T. Barth, V.A. Estevez, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 1775–1778.

322. Total Synthesis of Taxol and Designed Taxoids, K.C. Nicolaou, R.K. Guy, New Perspectives in Drug Design Symposium, Turnberry, Scotland, Academic Press, London, Ch. 5, 1995, pp. 69–87.

323. Further Studies of the Binding Specificity of the Leucocyte Adhesion Molecule, L-Selectin, Towards Sulphated Oligosaccharides– Suggestion of a Link Between the Selectin- and the Integrin-Mediated Lymphocyte Adhesion Systems. P.J. Green, C.-T. Yuen, R.A. Childs, W. Chai, M. Miyasaka, R. Lemoine, A. Lubineau, B. Smith, H. Ueno, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Feizi, Glycobiology 1995, 5, 29–38.

324. In Vivo Antitumor Efficacy of Novel Synthetic Enediynes, W. Wrasildo, A. Hiatt, S. Mauch, R.A. Merlock, K.C. Nicolaou, Acta Oncologica 1995, 34, 157–164.

325. Characterization of a Binding Site for Chemically Synthesized Lipo-oligosaccharidic NodRm Factors in Particulate Fractions Prepared From Roots, J.-J. Bono, J. Riond, K.C. Nicolaou, N.J. Bockovich, V.A. Estevez, J.V. Cullimore, R. Ranjeva, Plant J. 1995, 7, 253–260.

326. The Relationship of Brevetoxin “Length” and A-Ring Functionality to Binding and Activity in Neuronal Sodium Channels, R.E. Gawley, K.S. Rein, G. Jeglitsche, D.J. Adams, E.A. Theodorakis, J. Tiebes, K.C. Nicolaou, D.G. Baden, Chem. Biol. 1995, 2, 533–541.

327. The Enediyne Antibiotics, K.C. Nicolaou, A.L. Smith, in Modern Acetylene Chemistry, P.J. Stang and F. Diederich, Eds., VCH Publishers, Weinheim, Ch. 7, 1995, pp. 203–283.

328. Conversion of Thionoesters and Thionolactones to Ethers. A General and Efficient Radical Desulfurization. K.C. Nicolaou, M. Sato, E.A. Theodorakis, N.D. Miller, Chem. Commun. 1995, 1583–1585.

329. Total Synthesis of Rapamycin, K.C. Nicolaou, A.D. Piscopio, P. Bertinato, T.K. Chakraborty, N. Minowa, K. Koide, Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 318–323.

330. Enzymatic Resolution of a Key Stereochemical Intermediate for the Synthesis of (–)-Taxol, C.R. Johnson, Y. Xu, K.C. Nicolaou, Z. Yang, R.K. Guy, J.G. Dong, N. Berova, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 3291–3294.

331. The Conquest of Taxol, K.C. Nicolaou, R.K. Guy, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2079–2090.

332. Molecular Design and Biological Activity of Potent and Selective Protein Kinase Inhibitors Related to Balanol, K. Koide, M.E. Bunnage, L. Gomez-Paloma, J.R. Kanter, S.S. Taylor, L.L. Brunton, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Biol. 1995, 2, 601–608.

333. Total Synthesis of Balanol and Designed Analogues, K.C. Nicolaou, K. Koide, M.E. Bunnage, Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 454–466.

334. Synthesis of Zaragozic Acid A/Squalestatin S1, K.C. Nicolaou, E.W. Yue, S. La Greca, A. Nadin, Z. Yang, J.E. Leresche, T. Tsuri, Y. Naniwa, F. De Riccardis, Chem. Eur. J. 1995, 1, 467–494.

335. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin B 1. First Generation Strategies and New Approaches to Oxepane Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, C.-K. Hwang, M.E. Duggan, D.A. Nugiel, Y. Abe, K. Bal Reddy, S.A. DeFrees, D.R. Reddy, R.A. Awartani, S.R. Conley, F.P.J.T. Rutjes, E.A. Theodorakis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 10227–10238.

336. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin B 2. Second Generation Strategies and Construction of the Dioxepane Region (DEFG), K.C. Nicolaou, E.A Theodorakis, F.P.J.T. Rutjes, M. Sato, J. Tiebes, X.-Y. Xiao, C.-K. Hwang, M.E. Duggan, Z. Yang, E.A. Couladouros, F. Sato, J. Shin, H.-M. He, T. Bleckman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 10239–10251.

337. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin B 3. Final Strategy and Completion, K.C. Nicolaou, F.P.J.T. Rutjes, E.A. Theodorakis, J. Tiebes, M. Sato, E. Untersteller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 10252–10263.

338. Radiofrequency Encoded Combinatorial Chemistry, K.C. Nicolaou, X.-Y. Xiao, Z. Parandoosh, A. Senyei, M.P. Nova, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2289–2291.

339. Chemistry at the Cutting Edge of Biology and Medicine, K.C. Nicolaou, Chimika Chronika 1995, 203–212 (Review in Greek).

340. Sequence Selective Carbohydrate–DNA Interactions: Dimeric and Monomeric Forms of the Calicheamicin Oligosaccharide Interfere with Transciption Factor Function, C. Liu, B.M. Smith, K. Ajito, H. Komatsu, L. Gomez-Paloma, T. Li, E.A. Theodorakis, K.C. Nicolaou, P.K. Vogt, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1996, 93, 940–944.

341. Olefin Metathesis in Cyclic Ether Formation. Direct Conversion of Olefinic Esters to Cyclic Enol Ethers with Tebbe-type Reagents, K.C. Nicolaou, M.H.D. Postema, C.F. Claiborne, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1565–1566.

342. DNA–Carbohydrate Interactions. Specific Binding of Head-to-Head and Head-to-Tail Dimers of the Calicheamicin Oligosaccharide to Duplex DNA, K.C. Nicolaou, B.M. Smith, K. Ajito, H. Komatsu, L. Gomez-Paloma, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2303–2304.

343. Total Synthesis of Swinholide A, K.C. Nicolaou, K. Ajito, A.P. Patron, H. Khatuya, P.K. Richter, P. Bertinato, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3059–3060.

344. Copper(I)-Promoted Stille Cross-Coupling of Stannyl Enol Ethers with Enol Triflates: Construction of Complex Polyether Frameworks, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Sato, N.D. Miller, J.L. Gunzner, J. Renaud, E. Untersteller, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 889–891.

345. Taxoids: New Weapons Against Cancer, K.C. Nicolaou, R.K. Guy, P. Potier, Sci. Am. 1996, June, 84–88.

346. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin B. A Twelve-Year Synthetic Odyssey in Organic Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 589–607.

347. Enediyne Generation by a Retro-Diels–Alder Strategy, M.E. Bunnage, K.C. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1112–1115.

348. DNA–Carbohydrate Interactions. Design and Synthesis of Head-to-Tail Dimer of the Calicheamicin Oligosaccharide, K.C. Nicolaou, K. Ajito, H. Komatsu, B.M. Smith, P. Bertinato, L. Gomez-Paloma, Chem. Commun. 1996, 1495–1496.

349. The Enediyne Antibiotics, A.L. Smith, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 2103–2117.

350. Total Synthesis of Swinholide A, Preswinholide A and Hemiswinholide A, K.C. Nicolaou, A.P. Patron, K. Ajito, P.K. Richter, H. Khatuya, P. Bertinato, R.A. Miller, M.J. Tomaszewski, Chem. Eur. J. 1996, 2, 847–868.

351. Synthesis of Novel Heterocycles Related to the Dynemicin A Ring Skeleton, K.C. Nicolaou, J.L. Gross, M.A. Kerr, J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 33, 735–746.

352. Chemistry and Biology of the Zaragozic Acids (Squalestatins), A. Nadin, K.C. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1622–1656.

353. Solution Structure of the Head-to-Head Dimer of Calicheamicin Oligosaccharide Domain and d(CGTAGGATATCCTACG)2, G. Bifulco, A. Galeone, L. Gomez-Paloma, K.C. Nicolaou, W.J. Chazin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 8817–8824.

354. An Olefin Metathesis Based Strategy for the Construction of the JKL, OPQ and UVW Ring Systems of Maitotoxin, K.C. Nicolaou, M.H.D. Postema, E.W. Yue, A. Nadin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 10335–10336.

355. Chemistry and Biology of Selected Natural Products, K.C. Nicolaou, E.A. Theodorakis, C.F. Claiborne, Pure Appl. Chem. 1996, 68, 2129–2136.

356. An Approach to Epothilones Based on Olefin Metathesis, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. He, D. Vourloumis, H. Vallberg, Z. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 2399–2401.

357. Fluorescent Taxoids, R.K. Guy, Z.A. Scott, R.S. Sloboda, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Biol. 1996, 3, 1021–1031.

358. Oligosaccharide Synthesis via Glycosyl Fluorides and Sulfides, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Ueno, in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry, S. Hanessian, Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, Ch. 13, 1997, pp. 313–338.

359. Total Synthesis of Epothilone A: The Olefin Metathesis Approach, Z. Yang, Y. He, D. Vourloumis, H. Vallberg, K.C. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 36, 166–168.

360. Total Synthesis of Natural Products and Designed Molecules: Brevetoxin B, K.C. Nicolaou, E.A. Theodorakis, Pure Appl. Chem. Medicinal Chemistry: Today and Tomorrow, M. Yamazaki, Ed., Blackwell Science, Cambridge, UK, 1997, pp. 49–56.

361. A General and Highly Efficient Solid Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Total Synthesis of Heptasaccharide Phytoalexin Elicitor (HPE), K.C. Nicolaou, N. Winssinger, J. Pastor, F. DeRoose, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 449–450.

362. Total Synthesis of Epothilone A: The Macrolactonization Approach, K.C. Nicolaou, F. Sarabia, S. Ninkovic, Z. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 525–527.

363. The Oxide Anion Accelerated Retro-Diels–Alder Reaction, M.E. Bunnage, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 187–192.

364. Total Synthesis of Selected Natural Products, K.C. Nicolaou, E.W. Yue, Pure Appl. Chem. 1997, 69, 413–418.

365. The Chemical Synthesis of C-Ring Aryl Taxoids, K.C. Nicolaou, C.F. Claiborne, K. Paulvannan, M.H.D. Postema, R.K. Guy, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 399–409.

366. Synthesis of DNA-Binding Oligosaccharides, K.C. Nicolaou, B.M. Smith, J. Pastor, Y. Watanabe, D.S. Weinstein, Synlett 1997, 401–410.

367. New Synthetic Technology for the Synthesis of Aryl Ethers: Construction of C-O-D and D-O-E Ring Model Systems of Vancomycin, K.C. Nicolaou, C.N. Boddy, S. Natarajan, T.-Y. Yue, H. Li, S. Bräse, J.M. Ramanjulu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3421–3422.

368. The Chemical End-Ligation of Homopyrimidine Oligodeoxyribonucleotides within a DNA Triple Helix, D.S. Weinstein, T. Li, K.C. Nicolaou, Chem. Biol. 1997, 4, 209–214.

369. Synthesis of Epothilones A and B in Solid and Solution Phase, K.C. Nicolaou, N. Winssinger, J. Pastor, S. Ninkovic, F. Sarabia, Y. He, D. Vourloumis, Z. Yang, T. Li, P. Giannakakou, E. Hamel, Nature 1997, 387, 268–272.

370. Synthetic Studies on Maduropeptin Chromophore 1. Construction of the Aryl Ether and Attempted Synthesis of the [7.3.0] Bicyclic System, K.C. Nicolaou, K. Koide, Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 3667–3670.

371. Synthetic Studies on Maduropeptin Chromophore 2. Synthesis of the Madurosamine Aryl Amide and the C1ʹ′-C9ʹ′ Fragments, K.C. Nicolaou, K. Koide, J. Xu, M.H. Izraelewicz, Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 3671–3674.

372. Palladium-Catalyzed Functionalization of Lactones via Their Cyclic Ketene Acetal Phosphates. Efficient New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of Medium and Large Cyclic Ethers, K.C. Nicolaou, G.-Q. Shi, J.L. Gunzner, P. Gärtner, Z. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5467–5468.

373. Synthesis of the Bicyclic Core of CP-225,917 and CP-263,114 by an Intramolecular Diels–Alder Strategy, K.C. Nicolaou, M.W. Härter, L. Boulton, B. Jandeleit, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 1194–1196.

374. The Wittig and Related Reactions in Natural Product Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, M.W. Härter, J.L. Gunzner, A. Nadin, Liebigs Annalen 1997, 1283–1301.

375. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Mimetics of cRGDFV, K.C. Nicolaou, J.I. Trujillo, K. Chibale, Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 8751–8778.

376. New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of Vancomycin-Type Biaryl Ring Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, X.-J. Chu, J.M. Ramanjulu, S. Natarajan, S. Bräse, F. Rübsam, C.N.C. Boddy, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 1539–1540.

377. The Olefin Metathesis Approach to Epothilone A and Its Analogs, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. He, D. Vourloumis, H. Vallberg, F. Roschangar, F. Sarabia, S. Ninkovic, Z. Yang, J.I. Trujillo, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 7960–7973.

378. Total Syntheses of Epothilones A and B via a Macrolactonization Based Strategy, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Ninkovic, F. Sarabia, D. Vourloumis, Y. He, H. Vallberg, Finlay, M.R.V., Z. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 7974–7991.

379. New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of 9-Membered Ring Cyclic Ethers. Construction of the EFGH Ring Skeleton of Brevetoxin A, K.C. Nicolaou Z. Yang, M. Ouellette, G.-Q. Shi, P. Gärtner, J.L. Gunzner, C. Agrios, R. Huber, D.H. Huang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 8105–8106.

380. Intelligent Drug Discovery from Nature, K.C. Nicolaou, R.K. Guy, J.L. Gunzner, MedChem News 7, 12–18 (1997) [Intelligent Drug Discovery from Nature, K.C. Nicolaou, R.K.Guy, J.L. Gunzner, Pharm. Soc. Jpn. 33, 1997, 1339–1346 (Same content; in Japanese)].

381. Designed Epothilones: Combinatorial Synthesis, Tubulin Assembly Properties and Cytotoxic Action Against Taxol-Resistant Tumor Cells, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Vourloumis, T. Li, J. Pastor, N. Winssinger, Y. He, S. Ninkovic, F. Sarabia, H. Vallberg, F. Roschangar, N.P. King, M.R.V. Finlay, P. Giannakakou, P. Verdier-Pinard, E. Hamel, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2097–2103.

382. New Synthetic Technology for the Stereocontrolled Construction of 1,1ʹ′-Disaccharides and 1,1ʹ′:1ʺ″,2-Trisaccharides. Synthesis of the FG Ring System of Everninomicin 13,384-1, K.C. Nicolaou, F.L. van Delft, S.R Conley, H.J. Mitchell, Z. Jin, R.M. Rodriguez, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 9057–9058.

383. A Suzuki-Coupling Macrolactamization Approach to the AB-COD Bicyclic System of Vancomycin, K.C. Nicolaou, J.M. Ramanjulu, S. Natarajan, S. Bräse, H. Li, C.N.C. Boddy, F. Rübsam, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1899–1900

384. Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core of Eleutherobin and Sarcodictyins and Total Synthesis of Sarcodictyin A, K.C. Nicolaou, J.-Y. Xu, S. Kim, T. Ohshima, S. Hosokawa, J. Pfefferkorn, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 11353–11354.

385. Total Synthesis of Eluetherobin, K.C. Nicolaou, F. van Delft, T. Ohshima, D. Vourloumis, J. Xu, S. Hosokawa, J. Pfefferkorn, S. Kim, T. Li, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2520–2524.

386. Total Synthesis of 26-Hydroxyepothilone B and Related Analogs, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Ninkovic, M.R.V. Finlay, F. Sarabia, Chem. Commun. 1997, 2343–2344.

387. Total Synthesis of Oxazole- and Cyclopropane-Containing Epothilone A Analogues by the Olefin Metathesis Approach, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Vallberg, N.P. King, F. Roschangar, Y. He, D. Vourloumis, C.G. Nicolaou, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 1957–1970.

388. Total Synthesis of Oxazole- and Cyclopropane-Containing Epothilone B Analogues by the Macrolactonization Approach, K.C. Nicolaou, F. Sarabia, M.R.V. Finlay, S. Ninkovic, N.P. King, D. Vourloumis, Y. He, Chem. Eur. J. 1997, 3, 1971–1986.

389. A Novel Approach to the CP-225,917 and CP-263,114 Core, K.C. Nicolaou, M.H.D. Postema, N.D. Miller, G. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2821–2823.

390. Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Substituted 4-Oxoesters Using the SAMP-/RAMP-Hydrazone Method, D. Enders, U. Baus, P. Müller, K.C. Nicolaou, B. Jandeleit, Molecules Online 1998, 2, 15–21.

391. Supercoiling Affects the Accessibility of Glutathione to DNA-bound Molecules: Positive Supercoiling Inhibits Calicheamicin-induced DNA Damage, W.A. LaMarr, L. Yu, K.C. Nicolaou, P.C. Dedon, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1998, 95, 102–107.

392. Probing the Ring Size of Epothilones. Total Synthesis of [14]-, [15]-, [17]-, and [18]-Epothilones A, K.C. Nicolaou, F. Sarabia, S. Ninkovic, M.R.V. Finlay, C.N.C. Boddy, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 81–84.

393. Total Synthesis of Epothilone E and Side-Chain Epothilone Analogs via the Stille Coupling Reaction, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. He, F. Roschangar, N.P. King, D. Vourloumis, T. Li, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 84–87.

394. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Cyclic Polymer Marine Natural Products, K.C. Nicolaou, M.H.D. Postema, N.D. Miller, in Carbohydrate Mimics, Y. Chapleur, Ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Ch. 1, 1998, pp. 1–18.

395. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A, K.C. Nicolaou, Z. Yang, G.-Q. Shi, J.L. Gunzner, K.A. Agrios, P. Gärtner, Nature 1998, 392, 264–269.

396. Concise and Efficient Total Syntheses of Alkannin and Shikonin, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Hepworth, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 839–841.

397. Solid Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Construction of a Dodecasaccharide, K.C. Nicolaou, N. Watanabe, J. Li, J. Pastor, N. Winssinger, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1559–1561.

398. Solid Phase Synthesis of Macrocycles by Intramolecular Ketophosphonate Reaction. Synthesis of a (dl)-Muscone Library, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Pastor, N. Winssinger, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5132–5133.

399. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Sarcodictyins, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Kim, J. Pfefferkorn, J.-Y. Xu, T. Ohshima, S. Hosokawa, D. Vourloumis, T. Li, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1418–1421.

400. Total Synthesis of 26-Hydroxy-Epothilone B and Related Analogs via a Macrolactonization Based Strategy, K.C. Nicolaou, M.R.V. Finlay, S. Ninkovic, F. Sarabia, Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 7127–7166.

401. Synthesis and Biological Properties of C12,13-Cyclopropyl-Epothilone A and Related Epothilones, K.C. Nicolaou, M.R.V. Finlay, S. Ninkovic, N.P. King, Y. He, T. Li, F. Sarabia, D. Vourloumis, Chem. Biol. 1998, 5, 365–372.

402. Expeditious Routes to Evernitrose and Vancosamine and Synthesis of a Model Vancomycin Aryl Glycoside, K.C. Nicolaou, H.J. Mitchell, F.L. van Delft, F. Rübsam, R.M. Rodriguez, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1871–1874.

403. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the Everninomicin A1B(A)C Ring Framework, K.C. Nicolaou, R.M. Rodriguez, H.J. Mitchell, F.L. van Delft, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1874–1876.

404. Targeted Therapy with a Novel Enediyne Antibiotic Calicheamicin θI1

Effectively Supresses Growth and Dissemination of Liver Metastases in a Syngenetic Model of Murine Neuroblastoma, H.N. Lode, R.A. Reisfeld, R. Handgretinger, K.C. Nicolaou, G. Gaedicke, W. Wrasidlo, Cancer Res. 1998, 58, 2925–2928.

405. Chemical Biology of Epothilones, K.C. Nicolaou, F. Roschangar, D. Vourloumis, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2014–2045.

406. Solution Structure of the Complex between the Head-to-Tail Dimer of Calicheamicin γ1

I Oligosaccharide and a DNA Duplex Containing d(ACCT) and d(TCCT) High Affinity Binding Systems, G. Bifulco, A. Galeone, K.C. Nicolaou, W.J. Chazin, L. Gomez-Paloma, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 7183–7191.

407. Total Synthesis of Sarcodictyins A and B, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Xu, S. Kim, J. Pfefferkorn, T. Ohshima, D. Vourloumis, S. Hosokawa, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8661–8673.

408. Total Synthesis of Eleutherobin and Eleuthosides A and B, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Ohshima, S. Hosokawa, F. van Delft, D. Vourloumis, J. Xu, J. Pfefferkorn, S. Kim, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8674–8680.

409. Synthesis of N-Heterocycles via Lactam-Derived Ketene Aminal Phosphates. Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclic Amino Acids, K.C. Nicolaou, G.-Q. Shi, K. Namoto, F. Bernal, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1757–1758.

410. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Nonpeptide Integrin Antagonists, K.C. Nicolaou, J.I. Trujillo, B. Jandeleit, K. Chibale, M. Rosenfeld, S.L. Goodman, B. Diefenbach, D.A. Cheresh, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 1998, 6, 1185–1208.

411. The Art and Science of Organic and Natural Products Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, E.J. Sorensen, N. Winssinger, J. Chem. Ed. 1998, 75, 1225–1258.

412. Polymer Supported Selenium Reagents for Organic Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Pastor, S. Barluenga, N. Winssinger, Chem. Commun. 1998, 1947–1948.

413. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Macrocyclic Systems by a Cyclorelease Strategy: Application of the Stille Coupling to a Synthesis of (S)-Zearalenone, K.C. Nicolaou, N. Winssinger, J. Pastor, F. Murphy, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2534–2537.

414. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin Aglycon. Part 1: Synthesis of Amino Acids 4–7 and Construction of the AB-COD Ring Skeleton, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Natarajan, H. Li, N.F. Jain, R. Hughes, M.E. Solomon, J.M. Ramanjulu, C.N.C. Boddy, M. Takayanagi, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2708–2714.

415. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin Aglycon. Part 2: Synthesis of Amino Acids 1–3 and Construction of the AB-COD-DOE Ring Skeleton, K.C. Nicolaou, N.F. Jain, S. Natarajan, R. Hughes, M.E. Solomon, H. Li, J.M. Ramanjulu, M. Takayanagi, A.E. Koumbis, T. Bando, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2714–2716.

416. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin Aglycon. Part 3: Final Stages, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Takayanagi, N.F. Jain, S. Natarajan, A.E. Koumbis, T. Bando, J.M. Ramanjulu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2717–2719.

417. Solid and Solution Phase Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Combinatorial Sarcodictyin Libraries. K.C. Nicolaou, N. Winssinger, D. Vourloumis, T. Ohshima, S. Kim, J. Pfefferkorn, J.Y. Xu, T. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 10814–10826.

418. Organic Synthesis: From Art to Science to Enabling Technology for Biology and Medicine, K.C. Nicolaou, J.L. Gunzner, in Challenges and Visions: Chemistry Research—2000 and Beyond, P. Barkin, Vol. Ed., Oxford University Press, New York, Ch. 6, 1998, pp. 66–102.

419. Ring-Closing Metathesis in the Synthesis of Epothilones and Polyether Natural Products, K.C. Nicolaou, N.P. King, Y. He, in Topics in Organometallic Chemistry, Vol. 1, A. Fürstner, Vol. Ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1998, pp. 73–104.

420. Chemical Synthesis of Complex Carbohydrates, K.C. Nicolaou, N.J. Bockovich, in Bioorganic Chemistry: Carbohydrates, S.M. Hecht, Ed., Oxford University Press, New York, Ch. 4, Vol. 3, 1998, pp. 134–173.

421. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin, K.C. Nicolaou, H.J. Mitchell, N.F. Jain, N. Winssinger, R. Hughes, T. Bando, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 240–244.

422. The Chemistry and Biology of Alkannin, Shikonin and Related Naphthazarin Natural Products, V.P. Papageorgiou, A.N. Assimopoulou, E.A. Couladouros, D. Hepworth, K.C. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 270–301.

423. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A. 1. First Generation Strategy and Construction of BCD Ring System, K.C. Nicolaou, M.E. Bunnage, D.G. McGarry, S. Shi, P.K. Somers, P.A. Wallace, X.-J. Chu, K.A. Agrios, J.L. Gunzner, Z. Yang, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 599–617.

424. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A. 2. Second Generation Strategy and Construction of EFGH Model System, K.C. Nicolaou, P.A. Wallace, S. Shi, M.A. Ouellette, M.E. Bunnage, J.L. Gunzner, K.A. Agrios, G.-Q. Shi, Z. Yang, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 618–627.

425. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A. 3. Construction of GHIJ and BCDE Ring Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, Q.-G. Shi, J.L. Gunzner, P. Gärtner, P.A. Wallace, M.A. Ouellette, S. Shi, M.E. Bunnage, K.A. Agrios, C.A. Veale, C.-K. Hwang, J. Hutchinson, C.V.C. Prasad, W.W. Ogilvie, Z. Yang, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 628–645.

426. Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A. 4. Final Stages and Completion, K.C. Nicolaou, J.L. Gunzner, G.-Q. Shi, K.A. Agrios, P. Gärtner, Z. Yang, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 646–658.

427. A Novel Route to the Fused Maleic Anhydride Moiety of CP Molecules, K.C. Nicolaou, P.S. Baran, R. Jautelat, Y. He, K.C. Fong, H.-S. Choi, W.H. Yoon, Y.-L. Zhong, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 549–552.

428. Synthesis of Namenamicin A–C Disaccharide: Towards the Total Synthesis of Namenamicin, D.A. Weinstein, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1999, 545–558.

429. Crystal Structure of the Potent Natural Product Inhibitor Balanol in Complex with the Catalytic Subunit of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase. N. Narayana, T.C. Diller, K. Koide, M.E. Bunnage, K.C. Nicolaou, L.L. Brunton, N.-H. Xuong, L.F. Ten Eyck, S.S. Taylor, Biochemistry 1999, 38, 2367–2376.

430. Nodule-Inducing Activity of Synthetic Sinorhizobium meliloti Nodulation Factors and Related Lipo-Chitooligoasaccharides on Alfalfa. Importance of the Acyl Chain Structure, N. Demont-Caulet, F. Maillet, D. Tailler, J.-C. Jacquinet, J.-C. Promé, K.C. Nicolaou, G. Truchet, J.-M. Beau, J. Dénarié, Plant Physiol. 1999, 120, 83–92.

431. Synthesis of 16-Desmethylepothilone B: Improved Metholodgy for the Rapid, Highly Selective and Convergent Construction of Epothilone B and Related Analogues, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Hepworth, M.R.V. Finlay, N.P. King, B. Werschkun, A. Bigot, Chem. Commun. 1999, 519–520.

432. Total Synthesis of Epothilone E and Related Side Chain Modified Analogs via a Stille Coupling Based Strategy, K.C. Nicolaou, N.P. King, M.R.V. Finlay, Y. He, F. Roschangar, D. Vourloumis, H. Vallberg, F. Sarabia, S. Ninkovic, D. Hepworth, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 1999, 7, 665–697.

433. Synthesis of the Macrocyclic Core of Sanglifehrin A, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Ohshima, F. Murphy, S. Barluenga, J. Xu, Chem. Commun. 1999, 809–910.

434. The Coral-Derived Natural Products Eleutherobin and Sarcodictyins A and B: Effects on the Assembly of Purified Tubulin With and Without Microtubule-Associated Proteins and Binding at the Polymer Taxoid Site, E. Hamel, D.L. Sackett, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Vourloumis, Biochemistry 1999, 38, 5490–5498.

435. Synthesis of the Fully Functionalized Bicyclic Core of Garsubellin A, K.C. Nicolaou, J.A. Pfefferkorn, S. Kim, H.X. Wei, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4724–4725.

436. Novel Strategies to Construct the γ-Hydroxy Lactone Moiety of the CP Molecules. Synthesis of the CP-225,917 Core Skeleton, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. He, K.C. Fong, W.H. Yoon, H.S. Choi, Y.L. Zhong, P.S. Baran, Org. Lett. 1999, 1, 63–66.

437. Total Synthesis of the CP Molecules CP-263,114 and CP-225,917 - Part 1: Synthesis of Key Intermediates and Intelligence Gathering, K.C. Nicolaou,

P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, H.-S. Choi, W.H. Yoon, Y. He, K.C. Fong, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 1669–1675.

438. Total Synthesis of the CP Molecules CP-263,114 and CP-225,917 - Part 2: Evolution of the Final Strategy, K.C. Nicolaou, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, K.C. Fong, Y. He, W.H. Yoon, H.-S. Choi, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 1676–1678.

439. Chemistry, Biology, and Medicine of the Glycopeptide Antibiotics, K.C. Nicolaou, C.N.C. Boddy, S. Bräse, N. Winssinger, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2096–2152.

440. Total Synthesis of Sanglifehrin A, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Xu, F. Murphy, S. Barluenga, O. Baudoin, H.-X. Wei, D. Gray, T. Ohshima, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2447–2451.

441. A Facile Method for the Solution and Solid Phase Synthesis of Substituted [3.3.1] Bicycles, K.C. Nicolaou, J.A. Pfefferkorn, G.-Q. Cao, S. Kim, J. Kessabi, Org. Lett. 1999, 1, 807–810.

442. New Synthetic Technology for the Synthesis of Hindered α-Diazoketones via Acyl Mesylates, K.C. Nicolaou, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, H.-S. Choi, K.C. Fong, Y. He, W.H. Yoon, Org. Lett. 1999, 1, 883–886.

443. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin: Part 1. Design and Development of Methodology, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Li, C.N.C. Boddy, J.M. Ramanjulu, T.Y. Yue, S. Natarajan, X.-J. Chu, S. Bräse, R. Rübsam, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 2584–2601.

444. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin: Part 2. Retrosynthetic Analysis, Synthesis of Amino Acid Building Blocks and Strategy Evaluations, K.C. Nicolaou, C.N.C. Boddy, H. Li, A.E. Koumbis, R. Hughes, S. Natarajan, N.F. Jain, J.M. Ramanjulu, S. Bräse, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 2602–2621.

445. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin: Part 3. Synthesis of the Aglycon, K.C. Nicolaou, A.E. Koumbis, M. Takayanagi, S. Natarajan, N.F. Jain, T. Bando, H. Li, R. Hughes, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 2622–2647.

446. Total Synthesis of Vancomycin: Part 4. Attachment of the Sugar Moieties and Completion of the Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, H.J. Mitchell, N.F. Jain, R. Hughes, N. Winssinger, S. Natarajan, A.E. Koumbis, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 2648–2667.

447. Total Synthesis of Everninomicin 13,384-1. Part 1. Synthesis of the A1B(A)C Fragment, K.C. Nicolaou, H.J. Mitchell, H. Suzuki, R.M. Rodríguez, O. Baudoin, K.C. Fylaktakidou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 3334–3339.

448. Total Synthesis of Everninomicin 13,384-1. Part 2. Synthesis of the FGHA2 Fragment, K.C. Nicolaou, R.M. Rodríguez, K.C. Fylaktakidou, H. Suzuki, H.J. Mitchell, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 3340–3345.

449. Total Synthesis of Everninomicin 13,384-1. Part 3. Synthesis of the DE Fragment and Completion of the Total Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, H.J. Mitchell, R.M. Rodríguez, K.C. Fylaktakidou, H. Suzuki, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 3345–3350.

450. Total Synthesis and Chemical Biology of the Sarcodictyins, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Pfefferkorn, J. Xu, N. Winssinger, T. Ohshima, S. Kim, S. Hosokawa, D. Vourloumis, F. van Delft, T. Li, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1999, 47, 1199–1213.

451. Biomimetic Explorations Towards the Bisorbicillinoids: Total Synthesis of Bisorbicillinol, Bisorbibutenolide, and Trichodimerol, K.C. Nicolaou, G. Vassilikogiannakis, K.B. Simonsen, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, V.P. Vidali, E.N. Pitsinos, E.A. Couladouros, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 3555–3559.

452. Studies Towards Trichodimerol: Novel Cascade Reactions and Polycyclic Frameworks, K.C. Nicolaou, R. Jautelat, G. Vassilikogiannakis, P.S. Baran, K. Simonsen, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 3651–3665.

453. Chemistry, Biology and Medicine of Selected Tubulin Polymerizing Agents. K.C. Nicolaou, D. Hepworth, N.P. King, M.R.V. Finlay, Pure Appl. Chem. 1999, 71, 989–997.

454. Inhibition of Protein Kinases by Balanol: Specificity within the Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Subfamily, J. Setyawan, K. Koide, T.C. Diller, S.S. Taylor, K.C. Nicolaou, L.L. Brunton, Mol. Pharmacol. 1999, 56, 370–376.

455. The Art and Science of Total Synthesis at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Vourloumis, N. Winssinger, P.S. Baran, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 44–122.

456. Solid-Phase Combinatorial Synthesis Using MicroKan Reactors, Rf Tagging, and Directed Sorting, X.-Y. Xiao, R. Li, H. Zhuang, B. Ewing, K. Karunaratne, J. Lillig, R. Brown, K.C. Nicolaou, Biotechnol. Bioengin. (Comb. Chem.) 2000, 71, 44–50.

457. New Synthetic Technology for the Rapid Construction of Novel Heterocycles. 1. The Reaction of Dess–Martin Periodinane with Anilides and Related Compounds, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.-L. Zhong, P.S. Baran, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 622–625.

458. New Synthetic Technology for the Rapid Construction of Novel Heterocycles. 2. The Reaction of IBX with Anilides and Related Compounds, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.-L. Zhong, P.S. Baran, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 625–628.

459. Selenium-Based Solid-Phase Synthesis of Benzopyrans I: Applications to Combinatorial Synthesis of Natural Products, K.C. Nicolaou, J.A. Pfefferkorn, G.-Q. Cao, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 734–739.

460. Selenium-Based Solid-Phase Synthesis of Benzopyrans II: Applications to Combinatorial Synthesis of Medicinally Relevant Small Organic Molecules, K.C. Nicolaou, J.A. Pfefferkorn, G.-Q. Cao, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 739–743.

461. Synthesis of the Macrocyclic Core of Apoptolidin, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. Li, B. Weyerhausen, H. Wei, Chem. Commun. 2000, 307–308.

462. New Selenium-Based Safety-Catch Linkers. Solid-Phase Semisynthesis of Vancomycin, K.C. Nicolaou, N. Winssinger, R. Hughes, C. Smethurst, S.Y. Cho, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1084–1088.

463. 1,2-Seleno Migrations in Carbohydrate Chemistry: Solution and Solid-Phase Synthesis of 2-Deoxy Glycosides, Orthoesters, and Allyl Orthoesters, K.C.

Nicolaou, H.J. Mitchell, K.C. Fylaktakidou, H. Suzuki, R. Rodriguez, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1089–1093.

464. Solution and Solid-Phase Synthesis of Functionalized 3-Arylbenzofurans by a Novel Cyclofragmentation - Release Pathway, K.C. Nicolaou, S.A Snyder, A. Bigot, J. Pfefferkorn, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1093–1096.

465. A Common Pharmacophore for Epothilones and Taxol: Molecular Basis for Drug Resistance-Conferred by Tubulin Mutations in Human Cancer Cells, P. Giannakakou, R. Gussio, E. Nogales, K.H. Downing, D. Zaharevitz, B. Bollbuck, G. Poy, D. Sackett, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Fojo, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2000, 97, 2904–2909.

466. A Novel Strategy for the Solid Phase Synthesis of Substituted Indolines, K.C. Nicolaou, A.J. Roecker, J.A. Pfefferkorn, G.-Q. Cao, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 2966–2967.

467. Biomimetic Total Synthesis of Bisorbicillinol, Bisorbitutenolide, Trichodimerol, and Designed Analogues of the Bisorbicillinoids, K.C. Nicolaou, G. Vassilikogiannakis, K.B. Simonsen, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, V.P. Vidali, E.N. Pitsinos, E.A. Couladouros, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 3071–3079.

468. Total Synthesis of the Immunosuppressant Sanglifehrin A, K.C. Nicolaou, F. Murphy, S. Barluenga, T. Ohshima, H.Wei, J. Xu, D.L.F. Gray, O. Baudoin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 3830–3838.

469. The Absolute Configuration and Asymmetric Total Synthesis of the CP Molecules (CP-263,114 and CP-225,917, Phomoidrides B and A), K.C. Nicolaou, J.-K. Jung, W.H. Yoon, Y. He, Y.-L. Zhong, P.S. Baran, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1829–1832.

470. New Synthetic Technology for the Mild and Selective One-Carbon Homologation of Hindered Aldehydes in the Presence of Ketones, K.C. Nicolaou, G. Vassilikogiannakis, R. Kranich, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, S. Natarajan, Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 1895–1898.

471. High Throughput Combinatorial Synthesis of Discrete Compounds in Multimilligram Quantity: Non-chemical Encoding and Directed Sorting, X.-Y. Xiao, K.C. Nicolaou, in Combinatorial Chemistry- A Practical Approach, H. Fenniri, Ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, pp. 75–93.

472. Novel IBX-Mediated Processes for the Synthesis of Amino Sugars and Libraries Thereof, K.C. Nicolaou, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, J.A. Vega, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2525–2529.

473. Novel Reactions Initiated by Titanocene Methylidenes: Deoxygenation of Sulfoxides, N-Oxides, and Selenoxides, K.C. Nicolaou, A.E. Koumbis, S.A. Snyder, K.B. Simonsen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 2529–2533.

474. Total Synthesis of 16-Desmethylepothilone B, Epothilone B10, Epothilone F, and Related Side Chain Modified Epothilone B Analogues, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Hepworth, N.P. King, M.R.V. Finlay, R. Scarpelli, M.M.A. Pereira, B. Bollbuck, A. Bigot, B. Werschkun, N. Winssinger, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 2783–2800.

475. A New Method for the One-Step Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Systems from Saturated Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.-L. Zhong, P.S. Baran, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 7596–7597.

476. Chemical Synthesis and Biological Properties of Pyridine Epothilones, K.C. Nicolaou, R. Scarpelli, B. Bollbuck, B. Werschkun, M.M.A. Pereira, M. Wartmann, K.-H. Altmann, D. Zaharevitz, R. Gussio, P. Giannakakou, Chem. Biol. 2000, 7, 593–599.

477. Total Synthesis of Everninomicin 13,384-1. Part 1: Retrosynthetic Analysis and Synthesis of the A1B(A)C Fragment, K.C. Nicolaou, R.M. Rodríguez, H.J. Mitchell, H. Suzuki, K.C. Fylaktakidou, O. Baudoin, F.L. van Delft, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 3095–3115.

478. Total Synthesis of Everninomicin 13,384-1. Part 2: Synthesis of the FGHA2 Fragment, K. C. Nicolaou, H.J. Mitchell, K.C. Fylaktakidou, R.M. Rodríguez, H. Suzuki, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 3116–3148.

479. Total Synthesis of Everninomicin 13,384-1. Part 3: Synthesis of the DE Fragment and Completion of the Total Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, H.J. Mitchell, R.M. Rodríguez, K.C. Fylaktakidou, H. Suzuki, S.R. Conley, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 3149–3165.

480. Total Synthesis of Everninomicin 13,384-1. Part 4: Explorations of Methodology. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 1,1'-Disaccharides, 1,2-Seleno Migrations in Carbohydrates, and Solution and Solid Phase Synthesis of 2-Deoxy Glycosides and Orthoesters, K.C. Nicolaou, K.C. Fylaktakidou, H.J. Mitchell, F.L. van Delft, R.M. Rodríguez, S.R. Conley, Z. Jin, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 3166–3185.

481. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Glycolipids Plakosides A, B and Their Analogs, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Li, G. Zenke, Helv. Chim. Acta 2000, 83, 1977–2006.

482. Model Studies Towards Diazonamide A: Synthesis of the Heterocyclic Core, K.C. Nicolaou, S.A. Snyder, K.B. Simonsen, K.E. Koumbis, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3473–3478.

483. Natural Product-like Combinatorial Libraries Based on Privileged Structures. 1. General Principles and Solid-Phase Synthesis of Benzopyrans, K.C. Nicolaou, J.A. Pfefferkorn, A.J. Roecker, G.-Q. Cao, S. Barluenga, H.J. Mitchell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 9939–9953.

484. Natural Product-like Combinatorial Libraries Based on Privileged Structures. 2. Construction of a 10,000-Membered Benzopyran Library by Directed Split-and-Pool Chemistry Using NanoKans and Optical Encoding, K.C. Nicolaou, J.A. Pfefferkorn, H.J. Mitchell, A.J. Roecker, S. Barluenga, G.-Q. Cao, R.L. Affleck, J.E. Lillig, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 9954–9967.

485. Natural Product-like Combinatorial Libraries Based on Privileged Structures. 3. The "Libraries from Libraries" Principle for Diversity Enhancement of Benzopyran Libraries, K.C. Nicolaou, J.A. Pfefferkorn, S. Barluenga, H.J. Mitchell, A.J. Roecker, G.-Q. Cao, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 9968–9976.

486. Novel Solution- and Solid-Phase Chemistry of α-Sulfonated Ketones Applicable to Combinatorial Chemistry, K.C. Nicolaou, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 10246–10248.

487. Target-Accelerated Combinatorial Synthesis and Discovery of Highly Potent Antibiotics Effective against Vancomycin-Resistant Bacteria, K.C. Nicolaou, R. Hughes, S.-Y. Cho, N. Winssinger, C. Smethurst, H. Labischinski, R. Endermann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3823–3828.

488. New Roads to Molecular Complexity, K.C. Nicolaou, E.W. Yue, in The New Chemistry, Nina Hall, Ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, Ch. 8, 2000, pp. 168–198.

489. Combinatorial Synthesis of Novel and Potent Inhibitors of NADH: Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase, K.C. Nicolaou, J.A. Pfefferkorn, F. Schuler, A.J. Roecker, G.-Q. Cao, J.E. Casida, Chem. Biol. 2000, 7, 979–992.

490. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 12,13-Cyclopropyl and 12,13-Cyclobutyl Epothilones, K.C. Nicolaou K. Namoto, J. Li, A. Ritzén, T. Ulven, M. Shoji, D. Zaharevitz, R. Gussio, D.L. Sackett, R.D. Ward, A. Hensler, T. Fojo, P. Giannakakou, ChemBioChem 2001, 2, 69–75.

491. Mechanistic Studies of Periodinane-Mediated Reactions of Anilides and Related Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, P.S. Baran, R. Kranich, Y.-L. Zhong, K. Sugita, N. Zou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 202–206.

492. New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of N-Containing Quinones and Derivatives Thereof. Total Synthesis of Epoxyquinomycin B, K.C. Nicolaou, K. Sugita, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 207–210.

493. High-Output Solid Phase Synthesis of Discrete Compounds Using Directed Split-and-Pool Strategy, R. Li, X.-Y. Xiao, K.C. Nicolaou in High-Throughput Synthesis, 1st Edition, I. Sucholeiki, Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, Ch. 6-4, 2001, pp. 207–213.

494. Does CIP Nomenclature Adequately Handle Molecules with Multiple Stereoelements? A Case Study of Vancomycin and Cognates, K.C. Nicolaou, C.N.C. Boddy, J.S. Siegel, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 701–704.

495. Total Synthesis of Hybocarpone, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Gray, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 761–763.

496. Synthesis of the FGHI Ring System of Azaspiracid, K.C. Nicolaou, P.M. Pihko, N. Diedrichs, N. Zou, F. Bernal, Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1262–1265.

497. Selective Oxidation at Carbon Adjacent to Aromatic Systems with IBX, K.C. Nicolaou, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 3183–3185.

498. Behind Enemy Lines, K.C. Nicolaou, C.N.C. Boddy, Sci. Am. 2001, 284, 46–53.

499. Adventures in Carbohydrate Chemistry: New Synthetic Technologies, Chemical Synthesis, Molecular Design and Chemical Biology, K.C. Nicolaou, H.J. Mitchell, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1576–1624.

500. A New Photolabile Linker for the Photoactivation of Carboxyl Groups, K.C. Nicolaou, B.S. Safina, N. Winssinger, Synlett 2001, 900–903.

501. Rapid Access to Complex Molecular Architectures via α-Azaquinones, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.-L. Zhong, P.S. Baran, K. Sugita, Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2145–2149.

502. Discovery of Novel Antibacterial Agents Active Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Combinatorial Benzopyran Libraries, K.C. Nicolaou, A.J. Roecker, S.B. Barluenga, J.A. Pfefferkorn, G.-Q. Cao, ChemBioChem 2001, 2, 460–465.

503. An Expedient Synthesis to D-Callipeltose, A.J. Pihko, K.C. Nicolaou, A.M.P. Koskinen, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2001, 12, 937–942.

504. Total Synthesis of Colombiasin A, K.C. Nicolaou, G. Vassilikogiannakis, W. Mägerlein, R. Kranich, Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2482–2486.

505. Solid- and Solution-Phase Synthesis of Vancomycin and Vancomycin Analogues with Activity Against Vancomycin-Resistant Bacteria, K.C. Nicolaou, S.Y. Cho, R. Hughes, N. Winssinger, C. Smethurst, H. Labischinski, R. Endermann, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 3798–3823.

506. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Vancomycin Dimers with Potent Activity Against Vancomycin-Resistant Bacteria. Target-Accelerated Combinatorial Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, R. Hughes, S.Y. Cho, N. Winssinger, H. Labischinski, R. Endermann Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 3824–3843.

507. Recent Developments in the Chemistry, Biology and Medicine of the Epothilones K.C. Nicolaou, A. Ritzén, K. Namoto, Chem. Commun. 2001, 1523–1535.

508. Chemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of cis- and trans-12,13-Cyclopropyl and 12,13-Cyclobutyl Epothilones and Related Pyridine Side Chain Analogues, K.C. Nicolaou, K. Namoto, A. Ritzén, T. Ulven, M. Shoji, J. Li, G. D’Amico, D. Liotta, C.T. French, M. Wartmann, K.-H. Altmann, P. Giannakakou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9313–9323.

509. Antitumor Efficacy of 26-Fluoroepothilone B Against Human Prostate Cancer Xenografts, R.A. Newman, J. Yang, M.R.V. Finlay, F. Cabral, D. Vourloumis, C. Stevens, P. Troncoso, X. Wu, C.J. Logothetis, K.C. Nicolaou, N.M. Navone, Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 2001, 48, 319–326.

510. Total Synthesis of Hamigerans: Part 1. Development of Synthetic Technology for the Construction of Benzannulated Polycyclic Systems by the Intramolecular Trapping of Photogenerated Hydroxy-o-quinodimethanes and Synthesis of Key Building Blocks, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Gray, J. Tae, Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 3675–3678.

511. Total Synthesis of Hamigerans: Part 2. Implementation of the Intramolecular Diels–Alder Trapping of Photochemically Generated Hydroxy-o-quinodimethanes; Strategy and Completion of the Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Gray, J. Tae, Angew Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 3679–3683.

512. Total Synthesis of Apoptolidin–Part 1: Retrosynthetic Analysis and Construction of Building Blocks, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. Li, K.C. Fylaktakidou, H.J. Mitchell, H.-X. Wei, B. Weyershausen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 3849–3854.

513. Total Synthesis of Apoptolidin–Part 2: Coupling of Key Building Blocks and Completion of the Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. Li, K.C. Fylaktakidou, H.J. Mitchell, K. Sugita, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 3854–3857.

514. Combinatorial Synthesis through Disulfide Exchange: Discovery of Potent Psammaplin A Type Antibacterial Agents Active against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), K.C. Nicolaou, R. Hughes, J.A. Pfefferkorn, S. Barluenga, A.J. Roecker, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 4280–4295.

515. Optimization and Mechanistic Studies of Psammaplin A Type Antibacterial Agents Active Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), K.C. Nicolaou, R. Hughes, J.A. Pfefferkorn, S. Barluenga, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 4296–4310.

516. Synthesis of the ABCD Ring System of Azaspiracid, K.C. Nicolaou, W. Qian, F. Bernal, N. Uesaka, P.M. Pihko, J. Hinrichs, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4068–4071.

517. cis-3,4-Dichlorocyclobutene as a Versatile Synthon in Organic Synthesis. Rapid Entry into Complex Polycyclic Systems with Remarkably Stereospecific Reactions, K.C. Nicolaou, J.A. Vega, G. Vassilikogiannakis, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4441–4445.

518. Epothilones and Sarcodictyins: From Combinatorial Libraries to Designed Analogs, N. Winssinger, K.C. Nicolaou, in New Prospects in Anticancer Agents for the 21st Century, 219th ACS Nat. Mtg. Symp. New Prospects, Special Issue, No. 900, 2001, pp. 148–170.

519. “Biomimetic” Cascade Reactions in Organic Synthesis: Construction of 4-Oxatricyclo[4.3.1.0]decan-2-one Systems and Total Synthesis of 1-O-Methylforbesione via Tandem Claisen Rearrangement/Diels–Alder Reactions, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Li, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4264–4268.

520. Total Synthesis of Colombiasin A and Determination of Its Absolute Configuration, K.C. Nicolaou, G. Vassilikogiannakis, W. Mägerlein, R. Kranich, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 5359–5371.

521. Solid Phase Synthesis of Complex Natural Products and Libraries Thereof, K.C. Nicolaou, J.A. Pfefferkorn, Biopolymers (Peptide Science) 2001, 60, 171–193.

522. Construction of the Complete Aromatic Core of Diazonamide A via a Novel Hetero Pinacol Macrocyclization Cascade Reaction, K.C. Nicolaou, X. Huang, N. Giuseppone, P. Bheema Rao, M. Bella, M.V. Reddy, S.A. Snyder, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4705–4709.

523. A Novel Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Sulfamidates from 1,2-Diols Using Burgess and Related Reagents: A Facile Entry into β-Amino Alcohols, K.C. Nicolaou, X. Huang, S.A. Snyder, P. Bheema Rao, M. Bella, M.V. Reddy, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 834–838.

524. Total Synthesis of the CP-Molecules (CP-263,114 and CP-225,917, Phomoidrides B and A). 1. Racemic and Asymmetric Synthesis of Bicyclo[4.3.1] Key Building Blocks, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Jung, W.H. Yoon, K.C. Fong, H.-S. Choi, Y. He, Y.-L. Zhong, P.S. Baran, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2183–2189.

525. Total Synthesis of the CP-Molecules (CP-263,114 and CP-225,917, Phomoidrides B and A). 2. Model Studies for the Construction of Key Structural Elements and First Generation Strategy, K.C. Nicolaou, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, K.C. Fong, H.-S. Choi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2190–2201.

526. Total Synthesis of the CP-Molecules (CP-263,114 and CP-225,917, Phomoidrides B and A). 3. Completion and Synthesis of Advanced Analogs, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.-L. Zhong, P.S. Baran, J. Jung, H.-S. Choi, W.H. Yoon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2202–2211.

527. Iodine(V) Reagents in Organic Synthesis. Part 1. Synthesis of Polycyclic Heterocycles via DMP-Mediated Cascade Cyclization: Generality, Scope and Mechanism of the Reaction, K.C. Nicolaou, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, K. Sugita, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2212–2220.

528. Iodine(V) Reagents in Organic Synthesis. Part 2. Access to Complex Molecular Architectures via DMP-Generated o-Imidoquinones, K.C. Nicolaou, K. Sugita, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2221–2232.

529. Iodine(V) Reagents in Organic Synthesis. Part 3. New Routes to Heterocyclic Compounds via IBX-Mediated Cyclizations: Generality, Scope, and Mechanism, K.C. Nicolaou, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, S. Barluenga, K.W. Hunt, R. Kranich, J.A. Vega, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2233–2244.

530. Iodine(V) Reagents in Organic Synthesis. Part 4. IBX as a Chemospecific Tool for SET-Based Oxidation Processes, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Montagnon, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2245–2258.

531. Modulation of the Reactivity Profile of IBX by Ligand Complexation: Ambient Temperature Dehydrogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Montagnon, P.S. Baran, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 993–996.

532. Oxidation of Silyl Enol Ethers by Using IBX and IBX N-Oxide Complexes: A Mild and Selective Reaction for the Synthesis of Enones, K.C. Nicolaou, D.L.F. Gray, T. Montagnon, S.T. Harrison, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 996–1000.

533. HIO3 and I2O5: Mild and Selective Alternative Reagents to IBX for the Dehydrogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Montagnon, P.S. Baran, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1386–1389. [Corrigendum/Warning: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 3981].

534. Novel Chemistry of α-Tosyloxy Ketones: Applications to the Solution- and Solid-Phase Synthesis of Privileged Heterocycle and Enediyne Libraries, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Montagnon, T. Ulven, P.S. Baran, Y.-L. Zhong, F. Sarabia, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 5718–5728.

535. The Diels–Alder Reaction in Total Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, S.A. Snyder, T. Montagnon, G.E. Vassilikogiannakis, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1668–1698.

536. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the Quinaldic Acid Macrocyclic System of Thiostrepton, K.C. Nicolaou, B.S. Safina, C. Funke, M. Zak, F.J. Zécri, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1937–1940.

537. A Biomimetically Inspired Synthesis of the Dehydropiperidine Domain of Thiostrepton, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Nevalainen, B.S. Safina, M. Zak, S. Bulat, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 1941–1945.

538. Model Studies Towards Azadirachtin: Part 1. Construction of the Crowded C8-C14 Bond by Radical Chemistry, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Follmann, A.J. Roecker, K.W. Hunt, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2103–2106.

539. Model Studies Towards Azadirachtin: Part 2. Construction of the Crowded C8-C14 Bond by Transition Metal Chemistry, K.C. Nicolaou, A.J. Roecker, M. Follmann, R. Baati, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2107–2110.

540. The CP Molecule Labyrinth: A Paradigm of How Endeavors in Total Synthesis Lead to Discoveries and Inventions in Organic Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, P.S. Baran, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 2678–2720.

541. Chemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Epothilone B and trans-12,13-Cyclopropyl Epothilone B Analogues, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Ritzén, K. Namoto, R.M. Buey, J. Fernando Díaz, J.M. Andreu, M. Wartmann, K.-H. Altmann, A. O’Brate, P. Giannakakou, Tetrahedron 2002, 58, 6413–6432.

542. Enhanced Microtubule-Dependent Trafficking and p53 Nuclear Accumulation by Suppression of Microtubule Dynamics, P. Giannakakou, M. Nakano, K.C. Nicolaou, A. O’Brate, J. Yu, M.V. Blagosklonny, U.R. Greber, T. Fojo, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2002, 99, 10855–10860.

543. Total Synthesis of Coleophomones B and C, K.C. Nicolaou, G. Vassilikogiannakis, T. Montagnon, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 3276–3281.

544. Atropselective Macrocyclization of Diaryl Ether Ring Systems: Application to the Synthesis of Vancomycin Model Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, C.N.C. Boddy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 10451–10455.

545. Total Synthesis of Diazonamide A, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Bella, D.Y.-K. Chen, X. Huang, T. Ling, S.A. Snyder, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 3495–3499.

546. Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Apicularen A and Its Δ17,18 Z Isomer, K.C. Nicolaou, D.W. Kim, R. Baati, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 3701–3704.

547. A New Method for the Synthesis of Non-Symmetrical Sulfamides Using Burgess-Type Reagents, K.C. Nicolaou, D.A. Longbottom, S.A. Snyder, A.Z. Nalbandian X. Huang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2002, 41, 3866–3870.

548. Total Synthesis of Coleophomone D, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Montangon, G. Vassilikogiannakis, Chem. Commun. 2002, 2478–2479.

549. An Expedient Entry into the Fused Polycyclic Skeleton of Vannusal A, K.C. Nicolaou M.P. Jennings, P. Dagneau, Chem. Commun. 2002, 2480–2481.

550. Bromotyrosine-Derived Natural and Synthetic Products as Inhibitors of Mycothiol-S-Conjugate Amidase, L.L. Eckman, G.M. Nicholas, R.O. Hughes, J.A. Pfefferkorn, S. Barluenga, K.C. Nicolaou, C.A. Bewley, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2002, 12, 2487–2490.

551. Chemistry, Biology and Medicine in the 21st Century, K.C. Nicolaou, A.E. Koumbis, in Science, Frontier Technology, and Orthodoxy, Proc. Biomed.

Ethic Symp., Holy Church of Greece, Athens, 2002, pp. 177–193 (Review in Greek; Book).

552. Protracted Low-Dose Effects on Human Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Survival in Vitro Reveal a Selective Antiangiogenic Window for Various Chemotherapeutic Drugs, G. Bocci, K.C. Nicolaou, R.S. Kerbel, Cancer Res. 2002, 62, 6938–6943.

553. Novel Strategies for the Solid Phase Synthesis of Substituted Indolines and Indoles, K.C. Nicolaou, A.J. Roecker, R. Hughes, R. van Summeren, J.A. Pfefferkorn, N. Winssinger, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2003, 11, 465–476.

554. Tandem Reactions, Cascade Sequences, and Biomimetic Strategies in Total Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Montagnon, S.A. Snyder, Chem. Commun. 2003, 551–564.

555. Discovery and Optimization of Non-Steroidal FXR Agonists from Natural Product-Like Libraries, K.C. Nicolaou, R.M. Evans, A.J. Roecker, R. Hughes, M. Downes, J.A. Pfefferkorn, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2003, 1, 908–920.

556. The Second Total Synthesis of Diazonamide A, K.C. Nicolaou, P.B. Rao, J. Hao, M.V. Reddy, G. Rassias, X. Huang, D.Y.-K. Chen, S.A. Snyder, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 1753–1758.

557. A Chemical, Genetic and Structural Analysis of the Nuclear Bile Acid Receptor FXR, M. Downes, M. Verdecia, A.J. Roecker, R. Hughes, J.B. Hogenesch, H.R. Kast-Woelbern, M.E. Bowman, J.-L. Ferrer, A.M. Anisfeld, P.A. Edwards, J.M. Rosenfeld, J.G.A. Alvarez, J.P. Noel, K.C. Nicolaou, R.M. Evans, Mol. Cell 2003, 11, 1079–1092.

558. Cascade Reactions in Total Synthesis. Recent Advances, K.C. Nicolaou, S.A. Snyder, L’Actualite Chimique 2003, 83–88.

559. Natural Products and Chemical Synthesis at the Forefront of the Fight Against Cancer, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Montagnon, G.E. Vassilikogiannakis, Bio 2003, April–June (5), 22–30. (Greek)

560. Synthetic Studies on Thiostrepton: Construction of Thiostrepton Analogues with the Thiazoline-Containing Macrocycle, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Nevalainen, M. Zak, S. Bulat, M. Bella, B.S. Safina, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 3418–3424.

561. Design, Synthesis and Biological Properties of Highly Potent Epothilone B Analogs, K.C. Nicolaou, P.K. Sasmal, G. Rassias, M.V. Reddy, K.-H. Altmann, M. Wartmann, A. O’Brate, P. Giannakakou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 3515–3520.

562. Synthesis of Complex Carbohydrates: Everninomicin 13,384-1, K.C. Nicolaou, H.J. Mitchell, S.A. Snyder, in Carbohydrate-based Drug Discovery, Vol. 1, C.-H.Wong, Ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Ch. 8, 2003, pp. 215–252.

563. Studies Towards the Synthesis of Azadirachtin: Enantioselective Entry Into the Azadirachtin Framework Through Cascade Reactions, K.C. Nicolaou, A.J. Roecker, H. Monenschein, P. Guntupalli, M. Follmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 3637–3642.

564. Total Synthesis of the Proposed Azaspiracid-1 Structure, Part 1: Construction of Enantiomerically Pure C1–C20, C21–C27 and C28–C40 Fragments, K.C.

Nicolaou, Y. Li, N. Uesaka, T.V. Koftis, S. Vyskocil, T. Ling, M. Govindasamy, W. Qian, F. Bernal, D.Y.-K. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 3643–3648.

565. Total Synthesis of the Proposed Azaspiracid-1 Structure, Part 2: Coupling of C1–C20, C21–C27 and C28–C40 Fragments and Completion of the Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, D.Y.-K. Chen, Y. Li, W. Qian, T. Ling, S. Vyskocil, T.V. Koftis, M. Govindasamy, N. Uesaka, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 3649–3653.

566. Perspectives in Total Synthesis: A Personal Account, K.C. Nicolaou, Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 6683–6738.

567. The Olefin Metathesis Reaction in Complex Molecule Construction, K.C. Nicolaou, S.A. Snyder, in Handbook of Metathesis, Vol. 2, R.H. Grubbs, Ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Ch. 2.9, 2003, pp. 323–337.

568. New Reactions of IBX: Oxidation of Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Containing Substrates to Afford Useful Synthetic Intermediates, K.C. Nicolaou, C.J.N. Mathison, T. Montagnon, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 4077–4082.

569. Total Synthesis of 1-O-Methyllateriflorone, K.C. Nicolaou, P.K. Sasmal, H. Xu, K. Namoto, A. Ritzén, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 4225–4229.

570. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (–)-Apicularen A and Analogs Thereof, K.C. Nicolaou, D.W. Kim, R. Baati, A. O’Brate, P. Giannakakou, Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9, 6177–6191.

571. Total Synthesis of Apoptolidin: Construction of Enantiomerically Pure Fragments, K.C. Nicolaou, K.C. Fylaktakidou, H. Monenschein, Y. Li, B. Weyershausen, H.J. Mitchell, H. Wei, P. Guntupalli, D. Hepworth, K. Sugita, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 15433–15442.

572. Total Synthesis of Apoptolidin: Completion of the Synthesis and Analogue Synthesis and Evaluation, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. Li, K. Sugita, H. Monenschein, P. Guntupalli, H.J. Mitchell, K.C. Fylaktakidou, D. Vourloumis, P. Giannakakou, A. O’Brate, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 15443–15454.

573. Total Synthesis of Hybocarpone and Analogues Thereof. A Facile Dimerization of Naphthazarins to Pentacyclic Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, D.L.F. Gray, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 607–612.

574. Total Synthesis of Hamigerans and Analogues Thereof. Photochemical Generation and Diels−Alder Trapping of Hydroxy-o-quinodimethanes, K.C. Nicolaou, D.L.F. Gray, J. Tae, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 613–627.

575. Interaction of Epothilone Analogs with the Paclitaxel Binding Site: Relationship Between Binding Affinity, Microtubule Stabilization, and Cytotoxicity, R.M. Buey, J.F. Díaz, J.M. Andreu, A. O’Brate, P. Giannakakou, K.C. Nicolaou, P.K. Sasmal, A. Ritzén, K. Namoto, Chem. Biol. 2004, 11, 225–236.

576. o-Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) as a Viable Reagent in the Manipulation of Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Containing Substrates: Scope, Generality and Mechanism of IBX-Mediated Amine Oxidations and Dithiane Deprotections, K.C. Nicolaou, C.J.N. Mathison, T. Montagnon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5192–5201.

577. Biomimetically Inspired Total Synthesis and Structure Activity Relationships of 1-O-Methyllateriflorone. 6π Electrocyclizations in Organic Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, P.K. Sasmal, H. Xu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 5493–5501.

578. A New Method for the Stereoselective Synthesis of α- and β-Glycosylamines Using the Burgess Reagent, K.C. Nicolaou, S.A. Snyder, A.Z. Nalbandian, D.A. Longbottom, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 6234–6235.

579. Structural Revision and Total Synthesis of Azaspiracid-1, Part 1: Intelligence Gathering and Tentative Proposal, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Vyskocil, T.V. Koftis, Y.M.A. Yamada, T. Ling, D.Y.-K. Chen, W. Tang, G. Petrovic, M.O. Frederick, Y. Li, M. Satake, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 4312–4318.

580. Structural Revision and Total Synthesis of Azaspiracid-1, Part 2: Definition of the ABCD Domain and Total Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, T.V. Koftis, S. Vyskocil, G. Petrovic, T. Ling, Y.M.A. Yamada, W. Tang, M.O. Frederick, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 4318–4324.

581. The Essence of Total Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, S.A. Snyder, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2004, 101, 11929–11936.

582. Studies Toward Diazonamide A: Initial Synthetic Forays Directed Toward the Originally Proposed Structure, K.C. Nicolaou, S.A. Snyder, X. Huang, K.B. Simonsen, A.E. Koumbis, A. Bigot, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 10162–10173.

583. Studies Toward Diazonamide A: Development of a Hetero Pinacol Macrocyclization Cascade for the Construction of the Bis-Macrocyclic Framework of the Originally Proposed Structure, K.C. Nicolaou, S.A. Snyder, N. Giuseppone, X. Huang, M. Bella, M.V. Reddy, P. Bheema Rao, A.E. Koumbis, P. Giannakakou, A. O’Brate, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 10174–10182.

584. Chemistry and Biology of Diazonamide A: First Total Synthesis and Confirmation of the True Structure, K.C. Nicolaou, D.Y.-K. Chen, X. Huang, T. Ling, M. Bella, S.A. Snyder, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 12888–12896.

585. Chemistry and Biology of Diazonamide A: Second Total Synthesis of Diazonamide A and Biological Investigations, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Hao, M.V. Reddy, P. Bheema Rao, G. Rassias, S.A. Snyder, X. Huang, D.Y.-K. Chen, W.E. Brenzovich, N. Giuseppone, P. Giannakakou, A. O’Brate, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 12897–12906.

586. Total Synthesis of Thiostrepton, Part 1: Construction of the Dehydropiperidine/ Thiazoline-Containing Macrocycle, K.C. Nicolaou, B.S. Safina, M. Zak, A.A. Estrada, S.H. Lee, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 5087–5092.

587. Total Synthesis of Thiostrepton, Part 2: Construction of the Quinaldic Acid-Containing Macrocycle and Completion of the Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Zak, B.S. Safina, S.H. Lee, A.A. Estrada, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 5092–5097.

588. New Uses for the Burgess Reagent in Chemical Synthesis: Methods for the Facile and Stereoselective Formation of Sulfamidates, Glycosylamines, and Sulfamides, K.C. Nicolaou, S.A. Snyder, D.A. Longbottom, A.Z. Nalbandian, X. Huang, Chem. Eur. J. 2004, 10, 5581–5606.

589. Biomimetic Total Synthesis of Gambogin and Rate Acceleration of Pericyclic Reactions in Aqueous Media, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Xu, M. Wartmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 756–761.

590. Chasing Molecules That Were Never There: Misassigned Natural Products and the Role of Chemical Synthesis in Modern Structure Elucidation, K.C. Nicolaou, S.A. Snyder, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 1012–1044. [Corrigendum: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 2050].

591. A Mild and Selective Method for the Hydrolysis of Esters Employing Trimethyltin Hydroxide, K.C. Nicolaou, A.A. Estrada, M. Zak, S.H. Lee, B.S. Safina, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 1378–1382.

592. Identification of a Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Pathway, C. Tan, R.G. de Noronha, A.J. Roecker, B. Pyrzynska, F. Khwaja, Z. Zhang, H. Zhang, Q. Teng, A.C. Nicholson, P. Giannakakou, W. Zhou, J.J. Olson, M.M. Pereira, K.C. Nicolaou, E.G. Van Meir, Cancer Res. 2005, 65, 605–612.

593. Studies Toward the Synthesis of Azadirachtin, Part 1: Total Synthesis of a Fully Functionalized ABC Ring Framework and Coupling with a Norbornene Domain, K.C. Nicolaou, P.K. Sasmal, A.J. Roecker, X.-W. Sun, S. Mandal, A. Converso, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 3443–3447.

594. Studies Toward the Synthesis of Azadirachtin, Part 2: Construction of Fully Functionalized ABCD Ring Frameworks and Unusual Intramolecular Reactions Induced by Close-Proximity Effects, K.C. Nicolaou, P.K. Sasmal, T.V. Koftis, A. Converso, E. Loizidou, F. Kaiser, A.J. Roecker, K. Dellios, X.-W. Sun, G. Petrovic, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 3447–3452.

595. Construction of Substituted N-Hydroxyindoles: Synthesis of a Nocathiacin I Model System, K.C. Nicolaou, S.H. Lee, A.A. Estrada, M. Zak, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 3736–3740.

596. A Catalytic Asymmetric Three-Component 1,4-Addition/Aldol Reaction: Enantioselective Synthesis of the Spirocyclic System of Vannusal A, K.C. Nicolaou, W. Tang, P. Dagneau, R. Faraoni, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 3874–3879.

597. Construction of Highly Functionalized Medium-Sized Rings: Synthesis of Hyperforin and Perforatumone Model Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, G.E.A. Carenzi, V. Jeso, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 3895–3899.

598. The Total Synthesis of Coleophomones B, C, and D, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Montagnon, G. Vassilikogiannakis, C.J.N. Mathison, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 8872–8888.

599. Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions in Total Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, P.G. Bulger, D. Sarlah, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 4442–4489.

600. Metathesis Reactions in Total Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, P.G. Bulger, D. Sarlah, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 4490–4527.

601. Total Synthesis of Halipeptins A and D and Analogues, K.C. Nicolaou, D.W. Kim, D. Schlawe, D.E. Lizos, R.G. de Noronha, D.A. Longbottom, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 4925–4929.

602. Total Synthesis of Halipeptins: Isolation of Halipeptin D and Synthesis of Oxazoline Halipeptin Analogues, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Schlawe, D.W. Kim, D.A. Longbottom, R.G. de Noronha, D.E. Lizos, R R. Manam, D.J. Faulkner, Chem. Eur. J. 2005, 11, 6197–6211.

603. Total Synthesis of Thiostrepton. Retrosynthetic Analysis and Construction of Key Building Blocks, K.C. Nicolaou, B.S. Safina, M. Zak, S.H. Lee, M. Nevalainen, M. Bella, A.A. Estrada, C. Funke, F.J. Zécri, S. Bulat, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 11159–11175.

604. Total Synthesis of Thiostrepton. Assembly of Key Building Blocks and Completion of the Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Zak, B.S. Safina, A.A. Estrada, S.H. Lee, M. Nevalainen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 11176–11183.

605. Joys of Molecules. 1. Campaigns in Total Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 7007–7027.

606. Joys of Molecules. 2. Endeavors in Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Med. Chem. 2005, 48, 5613–5638.

607. The Cytoskyrin Cascade: A Facile Entry into Cytoskyrin A, Deoxyrubroskyrin, Rugulin, Skyrin, and Flavoskyrin Model Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, C.D. Papageorgiou, J.L. Piper, R.K. Chadha, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 5846–5851.

608. Synthesis of Imides, N-Acyl Vinylogous Carbamates and Ureas, and Nitriles by Oxidation of Amides and Amines with Dess–Martin Periodinane, K.C. Nicolaou, C.J.N. Mathison, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 5992–5997.

609. Discovery of a Biologically Active Thiostrepton Fragment, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Zak, S. Rahimipour, A.A. Estrada, S.H. Lee, A. O’Brate, P. Giannakakou, M.R. Ghadiri, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 15042–15044.

610. Total Synthesis of (+)-Rugulosin and (+)-2,2′-epi-Cytoskyrin A through Cascade Reactions, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.H. Lim, C.D. Papageorgiou, J.L. Piper, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 7917–7921.

611. Molecular Design and Chemical Synthesis of a Highly Potent Epothilone, K.C. Nicolaou, B.A. Pratt, S. Arseniyadis, M. Wartmann, A. O’Brate, P. Giannakakou, ChemMedChem 2006, 1, 41–44.

612. Total Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Azaspiracid-1. Construction of Key Building Blocks for Originally Proposed Structure, K.C. Nicolaou, P.M. Pihko, F. Bernal, M.O. Frederick, W. Qian, N. Uesaka, N. Diedrichs, J. Hinrichs, T.V. Koftis, E. Loizidou, G. Petrovic, M. Rodriquez, D. Sarlah, N. Zou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 2244–2257.

613. Total Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Azaspiracid-1. Synthesis-based Analysis of Originally Proposed Structures and Indication of Their Non-Identity to the Natural Product, K.C. Nicolaou, D.Y.-K. Chen, Y. Li, N. Uesaka, G. Petrovic, T.V. Koftis, F. Bernal, M.O. Frederick, M. Govindasamy, T. Ling, P.M. Pihko, W. Tang, S. Vyskocil, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 2258–2267.

614. Total Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Azaspiracid-1. Final Assignment and Total Synthesis of the Correct Structure of Azaspiracid-1, K.C. Nicolaou, T.V. Koftis, S. Vyskocil, G. Petrovic, W. Tang, M.O. Frederick, D.Y.-K.

Chen, Y. Li, T. Ling, Y.M.A. Yamada, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 2859–2872.

615. Total Synthesis of Floresolide B and Δ6,7-Z-Floresolide B, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Xu, Chem. Commun. 2006, 600–602.

616. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Model Core Systems of Lomaiviticins A and B, K.C. Nicolaou, R.M. Denton, A. Lenzen, A. Li, D.J. Edmonds, R.R. Milburn, S.T. Harrison, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 2076–2081.

617. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Halipeptins A and D and Analogues, K.C. Nicolaou, D.E. Lizos, D.W. Kim, D. Schlawe, R.G. de Noronha, D.A. Longbottom, M. Rodriquez, M. Bucci, G. Cirino, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 4460–4470.

618. Origins of Selectivity in Pericyclic Reaction Cascades for the Synthesis of Gambogin and Lateriflorone, A.E. Hayden, K.C. Nicolaou, K.N Houk, Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 2989–2992.

619. Total Synthesis and Confirmation of the Revised Structures of Azaspiracid-2 and Azaspiracid-3, K.C. Nicolaou, M.O. Frederick, G. Petrovic, K.P. Cole, E.Z. Loizidou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 2609–2615.

620. Total Synthesis of Abyssomicin C and atrop-Abyssomicin C, K.C. Nicolaou, S.T. Harrison, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3256–3260.

621. Second-Generation Total Synthesis of Azaspiracids-1, -2 and -3, K.C. Nicolaou, M.O. Frederick, E.Z. Loizidou, G. Petrovic, K.P. Cole, T.V. Koftis, Y.M.A. Yamada, Chem. Asian J. 2006, 1–2, 245–263.

622. Synthesis of Highly Substituted N-Hydroxyindoles through 1,5-Addition of Carbon Nucleophiles to In Situ Generated Unsaturated Nitrones, K.C. Nicolaou, A.A. Estrada, S.H. Lee, G.C. Freestone, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 5364–5368.

623. Structure Toxicity Relationships of Synthetic Azaspiracid-1 and Analogs in Mice, E. Ito, M.O. Frederick, T.V. Koftis, W. Tang, G. Petrovic, T. Ling, K.C. Nicolaou, Harmful Algae 2006, 5 (October), 586–591.

624. Synthesis of iso-Epoxy-Amphidinolide N and des-Epoxy-Caribenolide I Structures. Initial Forays, K.C. Nicolaou, W.E. Brenzovich, P.G. Bulger, T.M. Francis, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2006, 4, 2119–2157.

625. Synthesis of iso-Epoxy-Amphidinolide N and des-Epoxy-Caribenolide I Structures. Revised Strategy and Final Stages, K.C. Nicolaou, P.G. Bulger, W.E. Brenzovich, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2006, 4, 2158–2183.

626. Azaspiracids Modulate Intracellular pH Levels in Human Lymphocytes, A. Alfonso, M.R. Vieytes, K. Ofuji, M. Satake, K.C. Nicolaou, M.O. Frederick, L.M. Botana, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2006, 346, 1091–1099.

627. Total Synthesis of Marinomycins A–C, K.C. Nicolaou, A.L. Nold, R.R. Milburn, C.S. Schindler, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 6527–6532.

628. Total Synthesis of Platensimycin, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Li, D.J. Edmonds, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 7086–7090.

629. Cascade Reactions in Total Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, D.J. Edmonds, P.G. Bulger, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 7134–7186.

630. Total Synthesis of Antibiotics GE2270A and GE2270T, K.C. Nicolaou, B. Zou, D.H. Dethe, D.B. Li, D.Y.-K. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 7786–7792.

631. Asymmetric Reactions in Total Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, P.G. Bulger, in Asymmetric Synthesis – The Essentials, M. Christmann, S. Bräse, Eds., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Part IV, Ch. 42, 2006, pp. 225–240.

632. Synergistic Effects of Peloruside A and Laulimalide with Taxoid Site Drugs, but Not with Each Other, on Tubulin Assembly, E. Hamel, B.W. Day, J.H. Miller, M.K. Jung, P.T. Northcote, A.K. Ghosh, D.P. Curran, M. Cushman, K.C. Nicolaou, I. Paterson, E.J. Sorensen, Mol. Pharm. 2006, 70, 1555–1564.

633. Cell Growth Inhibition and Actin Cytoskeleton Disorganization Induced by Azaspiracid-1 Structure–Activity Studies, N. Vilariño, K.C. Nicolaou, M.O. Frederick, E. Cagide, I.M. Ares, M.C. Louzao, M.R. Vieytes, L.M. Botana, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2006, 19, 1459–1466.

634. Total Synthesis of Abyssomicin C, Atrop-abyssomicin C, and Abyssomicin D: Implications for Natural Origins of Atrop-abyssomicin C, K.C. Nicolaou, S.T. Harrison, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 429–440.

635. Total Synthesis of Marinomycins A–C and of Their Monomeric Counterparts monomarinomycin A and iso-monomarinomycin A, K.C. Nicolaou, A.L. Nold, R.R. Milburn, C.S. Schindler, K.P. Cole, J. Yamaguchi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 1760–1768.

636. The Chemistry and Biology of Epothilones – The Wheel Keeps Turning, K.-H. Altmann, B. Pfeiffer, S. Arseniyadis, B.A. Pratt, K.C. Nicolaou, ChemMedChem 2007, 2, 396–423.

637. Effects of Azaspiracid-1, a Potent Cytotoxic Agent, on Primary Neuronal Cultures. A Structure-Activity Relationship Study, C. Vale, K.C. Nicolaou, M.O. Frederick, B. Gomez-Limia, A. Alfonso, M.R. Vieytes, L.M. Botana, J. Med. Chem. 2007, 50, 356–363.

638. Total Syntheses of 2,2ʹ′-epi-Cytoskyrin A, Rugulosin, and the Alleged Structure of Rugulin, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.H. Lim, J.L. Piper, C.D. Papageorgiou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 4001–4013.

639. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Platensimycin, K.C. Nicolaou, D.J. Edmonds, A. Li, G.S. Tria, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 3942–3945.

640. Formal Synthesis of (±)-Platensimycin, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. Tang, J. Wang, Chem. Commun. 2007, 1922–1923.

641. Structural Assignment and Total Synthesis of Azaspiracid-1, M.O. Frederick, K.P. Cole, G. Petrovic, E. Loizidou, K.C. Nicolaou, in Phycotoxins: Chemistry and Biochemistry Ed., L.M. Botana, Blackwell Publishing, Ames, Ch. 16, 2007, pp. 297–309.

642. Total Synthesis and Stereochemistry of Uncialamycin, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Zhang, J.S. Chen, J.J. Crawford, L. Pasunoori, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 4704–4707.

643. Total Synthesis and Revised Structure of Biyouyanagin A, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Shaw, D. Sarlah, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 4708–4711.

644. Adamantaplatensimycin: A Bioactive Analogue of Platensimycin, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Lister, R.M. Denton, A. Montero, D.J. Edmonds, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 4712–4714.

645. Construction of the “Left Domain” of Haplophytine, K.C. Nicolaou, U. Majumder, S. Philippe Roche, D. Y.-K. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 4715–4718.

646. New Synthetic Technology for the Construction of N-Hydroxyindoles and Synthesis of Nocathiacin I Model Systems, K.C. Nicolaou, A.A. Estrada, G.C. Freestone, S.H. Lee, X.M. Alvarez-Mico, Tetrahedron 2007, 63, 6088–6114.

647. On the Structure of Maitotoxin, K.C. Nicolaou, M.O. Frederick, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5278–5282.

648. Irreversible Cytoskeletal Disarrangement is Independent of Caspase Activation During In Vitro Azaspiracid Toxicity in Human Neuroblastoma Cells, N. Vilariño, K.C. Nicolaou, M.O. Frederick, M.R. Vieytes, L.M. Botana, Biochem. Pharm. 2007, 74, 327–335.

649. Total Synthesis of the Originally Proposed and Revised Structures of Palmerolide A, K.C. Nicolaou, R. Guduru, Y.-P. Sun, B. Banerji, D.Y.-K. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5896–5900.

650. The c-Jun-N-Terminal Kinase is Involved in the Neurotoxic Effect of Azaspiracid-1, C. Vale, B. Gómez-Limia, K.C. Nicolaou, M.O. Frederick, M.R. Vieytes, L. M. Botana, Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 2007, 20, 957–966.

651. Cascade Reactions Involving Formal [2+2] Thermal Cycloadditions: Total Synthesis of Artochamins F, H, I, and J, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Lister, R.M. Denton, C.F. Gelin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 7501–7505.

652. Total Synthesis of Kinamycins C, F, and J, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Li, A.L. Nold, D. Pappo, A. Lenzen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 10356–10357.

653. Metathesis Reactions in the Synthesis of Complex Molecules, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Ortiz, R.M. Denton, Chemistry Today 2007, 25, 70–76.

654. Total Synthesis and Antibacterial Properties of Carbaplatensimycin, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. Tang, J. Wang, A.F. Stepan, A. Li, A. Montero, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 14850–14851.

655. Chemical Synthesis of the GHIJK Ring System and Further Experimental Support for the Originally Assigned Structure of Maitotoxin, K.C. Nicolaou, K.P. Cole, M.O. Frederick, R.J. Aversa, R.M. Denton, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 8875–8879.

656. Asymmetric Synthesis and Biological Properties of Uncialamycin and 26-epi-Uncialamycin, K.C. Nicolaou, J.S. Chen, H. Zhang, A. Montero, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 185–189.

657. A Chiral Pool Based Synthesis of Platensimycin, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Pappo, K.Y. Tsang, R. Gibe, D.Y.-K. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 944–946.

658. Total Synthesis of Thiopeptide Antibiotics GE2270A, GE2270T, and GE2270C, K.C. Nicolaou, D.H. Dethe, G.Y.C. Leung, B. Zou, D.Y.-K. Chen, Chem. Asian J. 2008, 3, 413–429.

659. Synthesis of the Sporolide Ring Framework through a Cascade Sequence Involving an Intramolecular [4+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of an o-Quinone, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Wang, Y. Tang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 1432–1435.

660. Total Synthesis of Platencin, K.C. Nicolaou, G.S. Tria, D.J. Edmonds, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 1780–1783.

661. Total Synthesis of the Originally Proposed and Revised Structures of Palmerolide A and Isomers Thereof, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.-P. Sun, R. Guduru, B. Banerji, D.Y.-K. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 3633–3644.

662. Total Synthesis of Complex Heterocyclic Natural Products, K.C. Nicolaou, J.S. Chen, Symposium in Print, 21st International Congress of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Pure Appl. Chem. 2008, 80, 727–742.

663. Total Synthesis of Artochamins F, H, I, and J through Cascade Reactions, K.C. Nicolaou, T. Lister, R.M. Denton, C.F. Gelin, Tetrahedron 2008, 64, 4736–4757.

664. Chemical Synthesis of the GHIJKLMNO Ring System of Maitotoxin, K.C. Nicolaou, M.O. Frederick, A.C.B. Burtoloso, R.M. Denton, F. Rivas, K.P. Cole, R.J. Aversa, R. Gibe, T. Umezawa, T. Suzuki, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 7466–7476.

665. Synthesis of Biologically Active Taxoids, K.C. Nicolaou, R.K. Guy in Chemistry and Molecular Aspects of Drug Design and Action, E. A. Rekka, P. N. Kourounakis, Eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Ch. 7, 2008, pp. 101–109.

666. An Expedient Strategy for the Synthesis of Tryptamines and Other Heterocycles, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Krasovskiy, V.É. Trépanier, D.Y.-K. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 4217–4220.

667. Total Syntheses of Amythiamicins A, B and C, K.C. Nicolaou, D.H. Dethe, D.Y.-K. Chen, Chem. Commun. 2008, 2632–2634.

668. Chemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Palmerolide A Analogues, K.C. Nicolaou, G.Y.C. Leung, D.H. Dethe, R. Guduru, Y.-P. Sun, C.S. Lim, D.Y.-K. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 10019–10023.

669. Total Syntheses and Structural Revision of α- and β-Diversonolic Esters and Total Syntheses of Diversonol and Blennolide C, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Li, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 6579–6582.

670. Total Synthesis, Revised Structure, and Biological Evaluation of Biyouyanagin A and Analogues Thereof, K.C. Nicolaou, T.R. Wu, D. Sarlah, D.M. Shaw, E. Rowcliffe, D.R. Burton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 11114–11121.

671. An Expedient Asymmetric Synthesis of Platencin, K.C. Nicolaou, Q.-Y. Toh, D.Y.-K. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 11292–11293. [Corrrection: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 14016].

672. Cytotoxic Effect of Azaspiracid-2 and Azaspiracid-2-Methyl Ester in Cultured Neurons: Involvement of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase, C. Vale, C. Wandscheer, K.C. Nicolaou, M.O. Frederick, C. Alfonso, M.R. Vieytes, L.M. Botana, J. Neurosci. Res. 2008, 86, 2952–2962.

673. The Continuing Saga of the Marine Polyether Biotoxins, K.C. Nicolaou, M.O. Frederick, R.J. Aversa, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 7182–7225.

674. Total Synthesis of (+)-Cortistatin A, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.-P. Sun, X.-S. Peng, D. Polet, D.Y.-K. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 7310–7313.

675. Azaspiracid Substituent at C1 Is Relevant to in Vitro Toxicity, N. Vilariño, K.C. Nicolaou, M.O. Frederick, E. Cagide, C. Alfonso, E. Alonso, M.R. Vieytes, L.M. Botana, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2008, 21, 1823–1831.

676. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Platensimycin Analogues with Varying Degrees of Molecular Complexity, K.C. Nicolaou, A.F. Stepan, T. Lister, A. Li, A. Montero, G.S. Tria, C.I. Turner, Y. Tang, J. Wang, R.M. Denton, D.J. Edmonds, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 13110–13119.

677. Total Synthesis of the Originally Assigned Structure of Vannusal B, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Zhang, A. Ortiz, P. Dagneau, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 8605–8610.

678. A Concise Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Aspidophytine, K.C. Nicolaou, S.M. Dalby, U. Majumder, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 14942–14943.

679. Discoveries from the Abyss: The Abyssomicins and Their Total Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, S.T. Harrison, J.S. Chen, Synthesis 2009, 33–42.

680. Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Biology of Naturally Occurring Antibiotics, K.C. Nicolaou, J.S. Chen, D.J. Edmonds, A.A. Estrada, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 660–719.

681. Inspirations, Discoveries, and Future Perspectives in Total Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 951–972.

682. Total Synthesis of Tovophyllin B, V. Jeso, K.C. Nicolaou, Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 1161–1163.

683. Enantioselective Intramolecular Friedel–Crafts-Type α-Arylation of Aldehydes, K.C. Nicolaou, R. Reingruber, D. Sarlah, S. Bräse, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 2086–2087. [Correction: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 6640].

684. New Synthetic Technologies for the Construction of Heterocycles and Tryptamines, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Krasovskiy, U. Majumder, V.É. Trépanier, D.Y.-K. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 3690–3699.

685. From Nature to the Laboratory and Into the Clinic, K.C. Nicolaou, J.S. Chen, S.M. Dalby, Bioorg. Med. Chem. (Special Issue) 2009, 17, 2290–2303.

686. Total Synthesis of Hopeahainol A and Hopeanol, K.C. Nicolaou, T.R. Wu, Q. Kang, D.Y.-K. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 3440–3443.

687. Total Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of the Bisanthraquinone Antibiotic BE-43472B, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.H. Lim, J. Becker, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 3444–3448.

688. Total Synthesis of Sporolide B, K.C. Nicolaou, Y. Tang, J. Wang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 3449–3453.

689. Monoclonal Antibodies with Orthogonal Azaspiracid Epitopes, M.O. Frederick, S.D.L. Marin, K.D. Janda, K.C. Nicolaou, T.J. Dickerson, ChemBioChem 2009, 10, 1625–1629.

690. Synthesis of the Monomeric Unit of Lomaiviticin Aglycon, K.C. Nicolaou, A.L. Nold, H. Li, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 5860–5963.

691. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cortistatins A and J and Analogues Thereof, K.C. Nicolaou, X.-S. Peng, Y.-P. Sun, D. Polet, B. Zou, C. S. Lim, D.Y.-K. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 10587–10597.

692. The True Structures of the Vannusals, Part 1: Initial Forays into Suspected Structures and Intelligence Gathering, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Zhang, A. Ortiz, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 5642–5647.

693. The True Structures of the Vannusals, Part 2: Total Synthesis and Revised Structure of Vannusal B, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Ortiz, H. Zhang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 5648–5652.

694. Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Enyne Cycloisomerization of Terminal Alkynes and Formal Total Synthesis of (–)-Platensimycin, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Li, S.P. Ellery, D.J. Edmonds, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 6293–6295.

695. Total Synthesis of Hirsutellone B, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Sarlah, T.R. Wu, W. Zhan, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 6870–6874.

696. Samarium Diiodide Mediated Reactions in Total Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, S.P. Ellery, J.S. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 7140–7165.

697. Total Synthesis of (+)-Haplophytine, K.C. Nicolaou, S.M. Dalby, S. Li, T. Suzuki, D.Y.-K. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 7616–7620.

698. The Art of Total Synthesis Through Cascade Reactions, K.C. Nicolaou, J.S. Chen, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38, 2993–3009.

699. The β-D-Glucose Scaffold as a β-Turn Mimetic, R.F. Hirschmann, K.C. Nicolaou, A.R. Angeles, J.S. Chen, A.B. Smith, III, Acc. Chem. Res. 2009, 42, 1511–1520.

700. Identification of a Novel Small Molecule HIF-1α Translation Inhibitor, T. Narita, S. Yin, C.F. Gelin, C.S. Moreno, M. Yepes, K.C. Nicolaou, E.G. Van Meir, Clin. Cancer Res. 2009, 15, 6128–6136.

701. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (+)- and (–)-Bisanthraquinone Antibiotic BE-43472B and Related Compounds, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Becker, Y.H. Lim, A. Lemire, T. Neubauer, A. Montero, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 14812–14826.

702. Total Syntheses of (±)-Platencin and (–)-Platencin, K.C. Nicolaou, G.S. Tria, D.J. Edmonds, M. Kar, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 15909–15917.

703. Identification of Distinct Thiopeptide-Antibiotic Precursor Lead Compounds Using Translation Machinery Assays, A.L. Starosta, H. Qin, A. Mikolajka, G.Y.C. Leung, K. Schwinghammer, K.C. Nicolaou, D.Y.-K. Chen, B.S. Cooperman, D.N. Wilson, Chem. Biol. 2009, 16, 1087–1096.

704. Total Synthesis of Platensimycin and Related Natural Products, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Li, D.J. Edmonds, G.S. Tria, S.P. Ellery, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 16905–16918.

705. Cortistatin A Is a High-Affinity Ligand of Protein Kinases ROCK, CDK8, and CDK11, V.J. Cee, D.Y.-K. Chen, M.R. Lee, K.C. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 8952–8957.

706. Synthesis of Functionalized Maoecrystal V Core Structures, K.C. Nicolaou, L. Dong, L. Deng, A.C. Talbot, D.Y.-K. Chen, Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 70–72.

707. Cell Volume Decrease as a Link Between Azaspiracid-Induced Cytotoxicity and c-jun-N-Terminal Kinase Activation in Cultured Neurons, C. Vale, K.C. Nicolaou, M.O. Frederick, M.R. Vieytes, L.M. Botana, Toxicol. Sci. 2010, 113, 158–168. [Correction: Toxicol. Sci. 2010, 116, 359].

708. Involvement of Capsase Activation in Azaspiracid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Neocortical Neurons, Z. Cao, K.T. LePage, M.O. Frederick, K.C. Nicolaou, T.F. Murray, Toxicol. Sci. 2010, 114, 323–334.

709. Total Synthesis of Echinopines A and B, K.C. Nicolaou, H. Ding, J.-A. Richard, D.Y.-K. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 3815–3818.

710. An Expedient Procedure for the Oxidative Cleavage of Olefinic Bonds with PhI(OAc)2, NMO, and Catalytic OsO4, K.C. Nicolaou, V.A. Adsool, C.R.H. Hale, Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 1552–1555.

711. Origins of Regioselectivity of Diels–Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Bisanthraquinone Antibiotic BE-43472B, A.E. Hayden, R.S. Paton, J. Becker, Y.H. Lim, K.C. Nicolaou, K.N. Houk, J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 922–928.

712. Synthesis of the ABCDEFG Ring System of Maitotoxin, K.C. Nicolaou, R.J. Aversa, J. Jin, F. Rivas, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 6855–6861.

713. Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Vannusals A and B: Synthesis of the Originally Assigned Structure of Vannusal B, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Ortiz, H. Zhang, P. Dagneau, A. Lanver, M.P. Jennings, S. Arseniyadis, R. Faraoni, D.E. Lizos, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 7138–7152.

714. Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Vannusals A and B: Synthesis of the True Structures of Vannusals A and B, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Ortiz, H. Zhang, G. Guella, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 7153–7176.

715. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Resveratrol-Derived Polyphenol Natural Products Hopeanol and Hopeahainol A, K.C. Nicolaou, Q. Kang, T.R. Wu, C.S. Lim, D.Y.-K. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 7540–7548.

716. Total Synthesis of Englerin A, K.C. Nicolaou, Q. Kang, S.Y. Ng, D.Y.-K. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 8219–8222.

717. Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Biyouyanagin B, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Sanchini, T.R. Wu, D. Sarlah, Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16, 7678–7682.

718. Synthesis of the QRSTU Domain of Maitotoxin and Its 85-epi- and 86-epi-Diastereoisomers, K.C. Nicolaou, C.F. Gelin, J.H. Seo, Z. Huang, T. Umezawa, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 9900–9907.

719. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cylindrocyclophanes A and F through Cyclodimerization and a Ramberg–Bäcklund Reaction, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.-P. Sun, H. Korman, D. Sarlah, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 5875–5878.

720. Total Synthesis of Sporolide B and 9-epi-Sporolide B, K.C. Nicolaou, J. Wang, Y. Tang, L. Botta, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 11350–11363.

721. Invigorating Education, K.C. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 63–74.

722. Synthesis of the C′D′E′F′ Domain of Maitotoxin, K.C. Nicolaou, J.H. Seo, T. Nakamura, R.J. Aversa, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 214–219.

723. Synthesis of the WXYZA′ Domain of Maitotoxin, K C. Nicolaou, T.M. Baker, T. Nakamura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 220–226.

724. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Monorhizopodin and 16-epi-Monorhizopodin, K.C. Nicolaou, X. Jiang, P.J. Lindsay-Scott, A. Corbu, S. Yamashiro, A. Bacconi, V.M. Fowler, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 1139–1144.

725. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Marinopyrrole A and Analogs, K.C. Nicolaou, N.L. Simmons, J.S. Chen, N.M. Haste, V. Nizet, Tetrahedron Lett. 2011, 52, 2041–2043.

726. Maitotoxin: An Inspiration for Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, R.J. Aversa, Isr. J. Chem. 2011, 51, 359–377.

727. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Biyouyanagin Compound Library, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Sanchini, D. Sarlah, G. Lu, T.R. Wu, D.K. Nomura, B.F. Cravatt, B. Cubitt, J.C. de la Torre, A.J. Hessell, D.R. Burton, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2011, 108, 6715–6720.

728. Addressing the Stereochemistry of Complex Organic Molecules by Density Functional Theory-NMR: Vannusal B in Retrospective, G. Saielli, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Ortiz, H. Zhang, A. Bagno, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 6072–6077.

729. An Expedient Synthesis of a Functionalized Core Structure of Bielschowskysin, K.C. Nicolaou, V.A. Adsool, C.R.H. Hale, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 5149–5152.

730. Enantioselective Dichlorination of Allylic Alcohols, K.C. Nicolaou, N.L. Simmons, Y. Ying, P.M. Heretsch, J.S. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 8134–8137.

731. Total Synthesis of Epicoccin G, K.C. Nicolaou, S. Totokotsopoulos, D. Giguère, Y.-P. Sun, D. Sarlah, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 8150–8153.

732. Proteomic Signature of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Inhibition Available for In Vivo Mechanism-of-Action Studies, M. Wenzel, M Patra, D. Albrecht, D.Y.-K. Chen, K.C. Nicolaou, N. Metzler-Nolte, J.E. Bandow, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2011, 55, 2590–2596.

733. Synthesis of the Carboline Disaccharide Domain of Shishijimicin A, K.C. Nicolaou, J.L. Kiappes, W. Tian, V.B. Gondi, J. Becker, Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 3924–3927.

734. Sulfonamides as a New Scaffold for Hypoxia Inducible Factor Pathway Inhibitors, C. Tan, R.G. de Noronha, N.S. Devi, A.A. Jabbar, S. Kaluz, Y. Liu, S. Reid Mooring, K.C. Nicolaou, B. Wang, E.G. Van Meir, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2011, 21, 5528–5532.

735. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2′,4′- and 3′,4′-Bridged Nucleoside Analogues, K.C. Nicolaou, S.P. Ellery, F. Rivas, K. Saye, E. Rogers, T.J. Workinger, M. Schallenberger, R. Tawatao, A. Montero, A. Hessell, F. Romesberg, D. Carson, D. Burton, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2011, 19, 5648–5669.

736. Bioinspired Synthesis of Hirsutellones A, B, and C, K.C. Nicolaou, Y.-P. Sun, D. Sarlah, W. Zhan, T.R. Wu, Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 5707–5710.

737. A Practical Sulfenylation of 2,5-Diketopiperazines, K.C. Nicolaou, D. Giguère, S. Totokotsopoulos, Y.-P. Sun, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 728–732.

738. Synthesis of Macroheterocycles through Intramolecular Oxidative Coupling of Furanoid β-Ketoesters, K.C. Nicolaou, C.R.H. Hale, C. Ebner, C. Nilewski, C.F. Ahles, D. Rhoades, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 4726–4730.

739. Bio-inspired Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Colchicine-related Compound Library, K.C. Nicolaou, R.A. Valiulin, J.K. Pokorski, V. Chang, J.S. Chen, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2012, 22, 3776–3780.

740. Total Syntheses of Anominine and Tubingensin A, M. Bian, Z. Wang, X. Xiong, Y. Sun, C. Matera, K.C. Nicolaou, A. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 8078–8081.

741. Constructing Molecular Complexity and Diversity: Total Synthesis of Natural Products of Biological and Medicinal Importance, K.C. Nicolaou, C.R.H. Hale, C. Nilewski, H.A. Ioannidou, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 5185–5238.

742. A Total Synthesis Trilogy: Calicheamicin γ1I, Taxol, and Brevetoxin A, K.C.

Nicolaou, C.R.H. Hale, C. Nilewski, Chem. Rec. 2012, 12, 407–441.

743. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors: a Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacology, Mechanism of Action, Substrate Specificity, and Clinical Application, V. Koppaka, D.C. Thompson, Y. Chen, M. Ellermann, K.C. Nicolaou, R.O. Juvonen, D. Petersen, R.A. Deitrich, T.D. Hurley, V. Vasiliou, Pharmacol. Rev. 2012, 64, 520–539.

744. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Epidithio-, Epitetrathio- and bis-(Methylthio)diketopiperazines: Synthetic Methodology, Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Epicoccin G, 8,8ʹ-epi-ent-Rostratin B, Gliotoxin, Gliotoxin G, Emethallicin E and Haematocin and Discovery of New Antiviral and Antimalarial Agents, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Lu, S. Totokotsopoulos, P. Heretsch, D. Giguère, Y. Sun, D. Sarlah, T.H. Nguyen, I.C. Wolf, D.F. Smee, C.W. Day, S. Bopp, E.A. Winzeler, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 17320–17332.

745. Arylsulfonamide KCN1 Inhibits In Vivo Glioma Growth and Interferes with HIF Signaling by Disrupting HIF-1α Interaction with Cofactors p300/CBP, S. Yin, S. Kaluz, N.S. Devi, A.A. Jabbar, R.G. de Noronha, J. Mun, Z. Zhang, P.R. Boreddy, W. Wang, Z. Wang, T. Abbruscato, Z. Chen, J.J. Olson, R. Zhang, M.M. Goodman, K.C. Nicolaou, E.G. Van Meir, Clin. Cancer Res. 2012, 18, 6623–6633.

746. How Thiostrepton Was Made in the Laboratory, K.C. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 12414–12436.

747. The Emergence of the Structure of the Molecule and the Art of Its Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 131–146.

748. General Synthetic Approach to Functionalized Dihydrooxepines, K.C. Nicolaou, R. Yu, L. Shi, Q. Cai, M. Lu, P. Heretsch, Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1994–1997.

749. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Paclitaxel Analogs and Discovery of Potent Antitumor Agents, K. C. Nicolaou, R.A. Valiulin, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2013, 11, 4154–4163.

750. Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Viridicatumtoxin B, K. C. Nicolaou, Christian Nilewski, Christopher R. H. Hale, Heraklidia A. Ioannidou, Abdelatif ElMarrouni, Lizanne G. Koch, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 8736–8741.

751. Synthesis and Antioxidation Evaluation of (S,S)- (R,R)-Secoisolariciresinal Diglucosides (SDGs), O.P. Mishra, N. Simmons, S. Tyagi, R. Pietrofesa, V.V. Shuvaev, R.A. Valiulin, P. Heretsch, K.C. Nicolaou, M. Christofidou-Solomidou, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2013, 23, 5325–5328.

752. Microsphere-based Immunoassay for the Detection of Azaspiracids, L.P. Rodríguez, N. Vilariño, M.C. Louzao, T.J. Dickerson, K.C. Nicolaou, M.O. Frederick, L.M. Botana, Anal. Biochem. 2014, 447, 58–63.

753. In Vivo Arrhythmogenicity of the Marine Biotoxin Azaspiracid-2 in Rats, S.F. Ferreiro, N. Vilariño, C. Carrera, M.C. Louzao, G. Santamarina, A.G. Cantalapiedra, L.P. Rodríguez, J.M. Cifuentes, A.C. Vieira, K.C. Nicolaou, M.O. Frederick, L.M. Botana, Arch. Toxicol. 2014, 88, 425–434.

754. Organic Synthesis: The Art of Replicating the Molecules of Living Nature and Others Like Them in the Laboratory, K.C. Nicolaou, Proc. Royal Soc. A 2014, 470, 20130690 (doi).

755. The Endeavor of Total Synthesis and Its Impact on Chemistry, Biology, and Medicine, K.C. Nicolaou, C.R.H. Hale, Nat. Sci. Rev. (China) 2014, in press.

756. Organic Synthesis, K.C. Nicolaou, C. Nilewski, in Discoveries in Modern Science: Exploration, Invention, Technology, J. Trefil, Ed., eBook, Macmillan Reference USA, MI, 2014, in press.

Cyclic Marinopyrrole Derivatives as Disruptors of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL Binding to Bim, C. Cheng, Y. Liu, M.E. Balasis, N.L. Simmons, J. Li, H. Song, L. Pan, Y. Qin, K.C. Nicolaou, S.M. Sebti, R. Li. Mar. Drugs 2014, 12, submitted (doi:10.3390/md11082927).