kefahaman bahasa inggeris spa -...

50

CONTOH SOALAN

KEFAHAMAN BAHASA

INGGERIS SPA

Title : Price Hike

Many people complain when the cost of basic goods increases due to the

flow-on effects on living expenses. However, shop owners and resellers are

ultimately in control of cost-pricing, leaving the consumer with limited, if any, say

in the matter.

Whilst beneficial to companies and shop owners, there are claims stating that

inflation is one of the main aggravating causes of political and socio-economic

instability within the country. Due to increases in cost of living also not being

reflected in wage raises, or lack thereof, crime rates would also increase as a

result of poverty and basic goods being simply unaffordable.

The factors contributing to the price increase of basic goods include:

• Rising costs of fuel sources (affecting overall production

and transportation costs);

• Greediness exhibited by companies responsible for cost-pricing.

As an example,even with the reduced fuel prices imposed by the

government, the prices of goods remain at an all-time high;

• Consumers insisting on purchasing the same type (or brand)

of goods despite the higher price.

• The lack of emphasis to produce food and goods in-country.

Contoh Soalan Kefahaman Bahasa Inggeris

There are a few suggestions that can be considered in order to curb the effects

of a higher cost of living on society. This includes equipping members of society

with good money management skills, enabling them to spend smart and save.

Another aspect is to increase agricultural production and to utilise uninhabited

land. In addition, steps should be taken to make popular and reinvigorate the

career of agriculture and farming as a good source of income. As a precaution,

international trade agreements must be made to effectively cooperate between

neighbouring countries to reduce import tax, helping to minimise the price-

increase of imported goods.

Therefore, it can be extrapolated from this that prices of basic goods and

services will inevitably rise in accordance with international trading agreements,

cost of living and other external, as well as internal, factors. However, the effects

of it on society can be mitigated through thrifty and savvy managing of

consumer spending habits. Besides the consumers, the responsible parties must

also take part and do what is necessary to curb the price hike and help control

the market situation to the extent possible.

1. Every time the price of goods and services increase, which party is

affected the most?

A. Government

B. End consumer

C. Shop owners and resellers

D. Low-Income earner

2. What would be the best description of the word “famine”

A. Crime rate

B. Poverty

C. Scarcity of food

D. High cost living


3. Consumers could typically manage price increases if they:

A. Work overtime

B. Take 2-3 jobs

C. Adjust their lifestyle

D. Hunger strike

4. Below are among the reasons of a price hike

I. Increase of fuel cost

II. Brand obsession

III. Consumers’ bad spending habits

IV. Insufficient production of crops

A. I & II

B. II & III

C. I, II & III

D. All above

5. Below are suggestion mentioned in article to reduce effect of

price hike, except

A. Money management

B. Increase import duty

C. Optimized the use of land

D. Produce more in house goods


Towards better global cybersecurity co-ordination

Original article by: Lt Col Husin Jazri (retired)

The most important international hurdles that we must overcome together -

sooner rather than later - is the inconsistency between what I call the “geo-

graphic limitation of sovereign national laws” and its inherent conflict with the

borderless nature of the Internet.

The Internet as a whole is too important for the global community, as well as our

own national society’s well-being and progress, for us not to seek improved ways

and means to effectively protect participants - call it an Internet governance

agenda, if you will.

The issue is this: The usefulness and effectiveness of any country’s legislation

is bound by its geographic borders (unless specific inter-country treaties are

signed) whereas nearly all of our online activities - social media, peer-to-peer

networking, instant messaging, streaming content, even straightforward web-

surfing, and blog or content hosting - are clearly not.

And as for the career cybercriminals who are behind the online incidents of

fraud and forgery, system intrusion, international espionage and hate-motivated

international cyberincidents (even spam) - many of them are savvy enough to

engage in cross border activities when they know that the so-called “long arm

of the law” still isn’t long enough yet to catch them.

Our current arrangement for conflict resolution in cyberspace, which is

generally based on goodwill and a spirit of inter-agency co-operation between

the various countries of the world, is still not sufficient and clearly is wanting in

many respects.


This is because the way we operate it now is at odds with the realities of

information and communications technology: Our laws are formulated to

conform within geographic borders thus we cannot expect to get our way

forcing that square peg (border-limited preventive measures) into a round hole

(borderless world).

There are many cyberincidents that remain pending because the cross-border

nature of the Internet does not lend itself to legislation, particularly those that

involve multiple sovereign nations (cybercrime frequently involves not one but

multiple transiting countries).

No phishing

Identity theft incidents (like phishing sites targeting local banks) are good

examples. In many instances, criminals targeting customers of local financial

institutions will host their phishing sites abroad. Indeed, 99% of phishing

sites targeting Malaysian financial institutions are hosted outside the country.

This essentially leads to two things in their “favour.” The first one is delay of the

takedown or removal of the phishing sites due to different time zones and other

physical-geographic reasons (language too, sometimes).

Secondly, efforts to obtain information such as log files or contents on the

server for investigation purposes are also delayed due to differences in legal

provisions. The cybercriminals know this and they have been exploiting the

loophole for a long time.

Aside from the geographic limitation of laws, another equally important issue is

the difference in cultural interpretation of security versus privacy. In the West for

example, personal privacy is revered, thus any manner of disclosure without the

express permission of the information owner is frowned upon. Even the idea of

national identification that would make it easier to track citizens is treated with

suspicion. However, after 9/11, the balance between security and privacy has

probably permanently shifted.


To move forward, I believe there is a pressing need for more formalised

international diplomacy channels for cyberspace conflict resolution. Many

informed experts have advocated a heightened level of international diplomacy

as a way to get each of us to understand our differing points of view; and I am

in full agreement.

Personally, I hope to see arbitration at the highest global stage, perhaps at the

United Nations level. I envision the UN-like resolution concept to be instituted

among member nations - something that would not require anything beyond

what has already been physically instituted at many national levels in terms of a

national agency.

The arbitration committee can take into account all cyberspace issues and

conflicts escalated upward by member national agencies and speed up the

execution to resolve issues.

I do not say this lightly because we do not now have a mechanism of redress

for even a simple issue, say a woman who wants to address the presence of her

photo that showed up on the Web without her permission.

While we all welcome freedom of expression and information on the Internet,

I am sure we agree that freedom without responsibility is wrong.

6. The author believes that the internet presents a cybersecurity dilemma

because:

A. It involve too many online threats (Such as viruses)

B. It can easily be used to invade the privacy of others

C. It attracts a lot of cybercrimes such as fraud and forgery

D. Cyberincidents are hard to solve due to the cross-border

nature of the internet


7. What action does the author deem necessary to achieve better

cybersecurity?

A. Government must restrict freedom of expression over

the internet as some people misuse it.

B. Government must reformulate its domestic laws in

order to minimize the number of cybercrimes.

C. Establish better cybersecurity cooperation between

countries via formal international diplomatic channels.

D. Minimize the number of online high-profile

transactions such as banking and other financial

transactions.

8. According to the author, cybercriminals take advantage of the

following EXCEPT

A. Freedom of expression over the Internet

B. The borderless nature of the internet

C. Physical and geographic obstacles such as language

D. Difference in legal provisions which delay investigations.

9. Experts suggest that improving cybersecurity by establishing

formalised international diplomatic channel between various

countries would help

A. Come up with specific laws and legislations to maintain

cybersecurity and minimize cybercrimes

B. Speed up the takedown or removal of the phishing sites

C. These countries share and understand their difference

views and ideas of the issue

D. Minimize the number of phishing sites


Title : Foreign Immigrants

The existence of more than two million foreign immigrants (both legal and

illegal) causes major concern of certain parties in the nation. The labor sector

for example is monopolized by foreign workers including construction works,

house maids, production lines, field work, agriculture and services. The

increasing number of incoming immigrants implicates many things.

On the positive side, there are benefits of having foreign laborers. Among

the benefits of foreign labor is how cheap they are. With reduced labor costs,

it will eventually result in lower production costs. Foreign laborers are also

considered productive an efficient as they are known not to complain much.

Furthermore, they are considered robust with their willingness to do a

multitudes general works which are otherwise considered dirty, dangerous

and require a great amount of strength.

In addition, foreign workers are known to have contributed to the Nation’s

development. They also help with the public elections. In the long run, foreign

immigrants help with the diplomatic relations between countries. Despite all

the benefits mentioned, foreign labor is known to cause a lot of problems. With

general labor works and services being monopolized by foreign workers, the

job market is severely limited for Malaysians to even consider. At times, proper

documents are absent for these foreigners which results in numerous issues

later on. Furthermore, a lot of foreign workers comprise of incompetent human

resource, restricting them to only perform general works or typical labor i.e.

cleaning.

With the influx of immigrants, it is difficult to keep track; arising certain issues

such as the laborers’ welfare, etc. are usually caught in disregard. This is evident

with cases of physical abuse of foreign maids for example. Implications are

further evident with the involvement of crime, prostitution and drug

trafficking by foreign immigrants. What’s worse is the existence of

middlemen, job agencies and corrupt government officials who are simply

irresponsible with so many immigrants that are not accounted for.


In conclusion, it can be said that the existence of foreign immigrants have

its benefits and as well as downsides. However, the peace and prosperity of our

nation must be well-balanced and maintained in order to address this issue.

10. The categories below are jobs commonly monopoly by foreign

workers except

A. House Maids

B. Agriculture

C. Construction

D. Executive

11. What are the qualities most love by employers when it comes to

foreign immigrants?

A. Picking jobs

B. Adaptable to different general works

C. Inefficient

D. posses high academic

12. Below are major issues concerning foreign labor except

A. Monopolizing labor jobs

B. Illegal entries into the country

C. Limited education level

D. High wage


13. With influx of immigrants the following problems arise

I. Disregard of labor welfare

II. Increase in crime rate

III. Improve diplomatic relations

IV. Increase production cost

A. I & II

B. II & III

C. III & IV

D. All above

14. Which is the “least” culprit for creating influx of immigrants

A. Middlemen

B. Immigrants

C. Corrupt government officials

D. Job agencies


Title : Road Safety

The total number of deaths and injuries due to road accidents increases year

after year despite numerous campaigns held in order to curb the situation.

Effects arising from road accidents include loss of life which results in loss of

human resource to a certain extent. It also causes damage to property. The rise

in the number of road accidents reflects on the safety of one of Malaysia’s main

medium of transportation. This reflects the country’s image which in turn affects

our tourism industry, an important source of our country’s gross income.

Human factors has always been the center of blame and fault when it comes

to road accidents. Carelessness resulting from various factors including

pressure, driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol, and also the act of

doing something else like talking on a mobile phone or text messaging is often

the cause. Another human factor which leads to accidents is the tendency to

speed on the road. Whether it’s to get to a destination on time or to boast a car’s

power and size, speeding is simply an act portraying the disregard of human life.

Another factor is the road condition themselves. Although access to

expressways and interstate highways are present, traffic builds up easily, causing

major congestions, especially during festive seasons. The overall quality of

road systems in some parts of this country is still considered poor. As for the

vehicles themselves, some are not properly inspected and regularly maintain.

What’s worse, many car owners make excessive modifications not according to

road safety rules and specifications. Furthermore the lack of road safety and

traffic enforcement has always been another factor to blame.

Road safety should be improved by shaping the human factor at various levels,

including road safety education at schools, driving school and learning centers,

and also through the media campaigns. New laws and road safety regulations

should be drafted and enforced. In addition, road transportation management

should be researched and revised wherever necessary.


Upgrading of the current road systems and utilities should also be considered.

This includes and overhead bridge for pedestrians, maintenance and calibration

of traffic lights and also the repair and maintenance of damaged roads and

improvement of old roads. To achieve this, the contractors involved in road

construction, maintenance and repair must be monitored and accounted for.

Vehicles must undergo regular inspection, whether it’s a commercial truck, lorry

or a private owner’s car. Such practices must be encouraged, especially before

long travelling periods during the festive season for example. Commercial

vehicles should go through periodic maintenance and servicing. To complement

all that, enforcement of road safety and traffic regulations is a must.

As a conclusion, the awareness and cooperation of all parties is required in

order to curb the problem of road accidents. This will help reduce road

fatalities, unnecessary damage to property and helps portray Malaysians as

civilized people responsible on the road.

15. All answers below are the effects that rises from road accident EXCEPT

A. loss of life

B. loss of human resources

C. property damage

D. increase awareness

16. The rise in the number of road accidents affects our _____industry.

A. tourism

B. business

C. agriculture

D. sport


17. Which following statement are true?

A. road systems in some parts of this country is still

considered poor.

B. road systems in some parts of this country is still

considered average.

C. road systems in some parts of this country is still

considered same

D. road systems in some parts of this country is

considered the best.

18. According to the article what is the best solution to curb the problem

of road accident?

A. awareness and cooperation of all parties

B. cooperation of all parties

C. awareness of all parties

D. awareness and cooperation of one parties

19. How to upgrade current road system?

A. shaping the human factor including road safety

education at schools only.

B. shaping the human factor including road safety

education at schools and driving school

C. shaping the human factor including driving

school only.

D. shaping the human factor at various levels,

including road safety education at schools,

driving school and learning centers, and also

through the media campaigns.


20. All statements are true about upgrading of the current road systems

and utilities EXCEPT

A. overhead bridge for pedestrians

B. maintenance and calibration of traffic lights

C. repair and maintenance of damaged roads

D. improve new roads

21. Although access to expressways and interstate highways are present,

traffic builds up easily, causing ______ congestions

A. small

B. minor

C. major

D. zero

22. The girl was running quickly ____________ the bus station.

A. against

B. towards

C. behind

D. forward


23. The plane arrived _________ Kuala Lumpur on time.

A. at

B. in

C. to

D. on

24. She loves her job ______________ Monday mornings.

A. in

B. on

C. by

D. at

25. Micheal ran _________________, even though she never used any

running shoes.

A. unusal slow

B. unusual slowly

C. unusually slow

D. unusually slowly

26. The singer was ____________ dressed.

A. extreme elegant

B. extremely elegant

C. extreme elegantly

D. extremely elegantly


27. The woman was ______ and everything she did, she did __________.

A. careless, careless

B. careless, carelessly

C. carelessly, careless

D. carelessly, carelessly

28. He stopped ___________ to us. We spent ten minutes having a really

nice chat before he moved on again.

A. talking

B. to talk

C. talks

D. talked

29. It is hard to work hard without_____________.

A. have training properly

B. having trained properly

C. to have trained properly.

D. trained proper

30. We were worried about ___________ done his homework yet.

A. that he had not

B. the fact that he had not

C. him not having

D. he not having


31. She was caught _____________ umbrellas from the lobby.

A. stealing

B. to steal

C. stold

D. steal

32. I want ____________ right away.

A. that Hannah comes

B. Hannah to come

C. Hannah’s coming

D. Hannah comes

33. She truly wanted _____________________ taken seriously.

A. to be

B. to being

C. to have

D. to has

34. She said they killed the policeman without __________________.

A. that he knew about it

B. her knowing about it

C. he knew about it.

D. him knew about it.


35. They were all very excited about ________________.

A. that I came

B. the fact that I came

C. my coming

D. my came

36. We are __________ every weekend.

A. used to going there

B. used to go there

C. used to there

D. used to went there

37. Jeremy left without ______________________ another word.

A. he said

B. that he said

C. saying

D. says

38. Timoty does not ___________ badminton very often these days.

A. plays

B. play

C. playing

D. played


39. My friend Kay Tee ___________ go to your silly party.

A. don’t want to

B. don’t wants to

C. doesn’t want to

D. doesn’t wants to

40. Who ever said money_________?

A. don’t count

B. don’t counts

C. doesn’t counts

D. doesn’t count

41. Remmy and Rushel __________ when it comes to politics.

A. doesn’t agree

B. doesn’t agrees

C. don’t agree

D. don’t agrees

42. He _____________ know much about anything.

A. don’t

B. doesn’t

C. do

D. does


43. Today is Wednesday. Yesterday it ___________ Tuesday.

A. were

B. is

C. be

D. was

44. The bus ___________ arrives late during bad weather.

A. every week

B. later

C. yesterday

D. always

45. The chairperson will ____________ members to the subcommittee.

A. appoint

B. disappoint

C. appointment

D. disappointed

46. Peter says he can’t ___________ our invitation to dinner tonight.

A. angel

B. across

C. accept

D. almost


47. I have only a ________ Christmas cards left to write.

A. few

B. fewer

C. less

D. little

48. Jamal ___________ English, Mandarin and a bit of Arabic.

A. speaks

B. speak

C. speaking

D. is speaking

49. Where ___________ Sarah live?

A. are

B. is

C. do

D. does

50. How many people ___________ in your family?

A. are there

B. is there

C. there are

D. there

Ambil Perhatian Calon PTD 2019! Anda Boleh Dapatkan Panduan Terkini Peperiksaan PTD Dengan Mendaftar Nama & Email Anda Ke Dalam Sistem Tempahan PTD Melalui Pautan di Bawah. Daftar Email Di : http://www.examptd.info/limited-rujukan-khas-peperiksaan-ptd/

Pastikan Juga Anda Join Channel Telegram Rasmi PTD Melalui Pautan Berikut. Channel Telegram PTD : https://t.me/examptd

Hebahan Jualan Akan Dilakukan Menerusi Tiga Laman Utama Di Bawah: Kerjaya.Co PTD.my ExamPTD.info

http://www.examptd.info/limited-rujukan-khas-peperiksaan-ptd/

https://t.me/examptd

kefahaman bahasa inggeris spa -...

Documents