kelompok 2. industri glass

7/23/2019 Kelompok 2. Industri Glass

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MAKALAH PROSES INDUSTRI KIMIA

INDUSTRI KACA

DISUSUN OLEH:

VIVI WULANDARI (1141400048)

YOGIK KURNIAWAN (1141400028)MAYCHEL (1141400014)

SHABRINA DWI SUKMA (1141400024)

RIQKA WAHYULI (1141400012)ARMELIA PURWANINGRUM (114140000)

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI INDONESIA

JURUSAN/PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK KIMIA

SERPONG

2015



KATA PENGANTAR

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1



DAFTAR ISIKATA PENGANTAR....................................................................................................... 2

DAFTAR ISI..................................................................................................................3

BAB I........................................................................................................................... 4

PENDAHULUAN........................................................................................................... 4

1.1 LATAR BELAKANG...........................................................................................4

1.2 Tujuan............................................................................................................ 5

BAB II.......................................................................................................................... 6

PEMBAHASAN............................................................................................................. 6

2.1 Defn!........................................................................................................... 6

2.2 Seja"a# Pe"$e%&an'an Ka(a.......................................................................11

2.3 S)a*+!)a* Ka(a............................................................................................. 12

2.4 Ma(a%+%a(a% Ka(a....................................................................................12

2.5 Rea$! K%a................................................................................................14

2.6 ,a"a Pe%&ua*an..........................................................................................14

2.- Pe%&ua*an Ka(a K#u!u!.............................................................................. 1-

2. A/0$a! Ka(a...............................................................................................2

BAB III......................................................................................................................... 1

PENUTUP.................................................................................................................... 1

3.1 Ke!%/u0an....................................................................................................1

3.2 Sa"an............................................................................................................. 1

DAFTAR PUSTAKA........................................................................................................2

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.*6+* '!!$ &##+ A/2O .+* *++ #*'+/*%+ +.+/+- +/!#*+ D#$#*#

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.+* &,+-+*+* ,'-+. +-+* &##+

S+/, 7+& %+*6 *6+*.!*6 >>F N+2SO4 '!*6$# $+6+# #*#*6 +6*, +-+*

!'*# &+7+ .+'# !/ S+/, 7+& '*,!& $'!& -+/!$ .+* '!+&+*

$!' N+2O .+* SO2 S!/+, #*# -+'!$ .#+&+# '$++ &+'9* +6+' ,'.!&$#

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6/9+*6 .+/+ &+7+

8 N#,'+,: B+#& .+'# *+,'#! +!!* &+/#! .#6!*+&+* !*,!& *69&$#.+$# $#

$-#*66+ ,#.+& ,'/+/! &/#-+,+* +.+ &+7+ '9.!& K+/#! *#,'+, +,+! &+'9*+,

.#6!*+&+* +.+ '+6+# "*#$ &+7+ "+3 &+7+ .&9'+$# .+* &+7+ 9,#& S9.#!

N#,'+, +.+/+- $!' N+2 .+* *76+- ,'*,!&*%+ N#S +.+ &+7+ A.+*%+

N#S +.+ &+7+ +&+* *%+&+* &+7+ 7+- $7+'+ ,#+5,#+

> B/9& ''+&,9'# !*,!& #*.!$,'# &+7+ .#&+*6&+* &-!$!$ '-!!*6 .*6+*

&9*.#$# %+*6 -+, %+*6 -+'!$ .#+/+# .+/+ *66!*++**%+ #'&9*3 +/!#*+3

!/#, (!//#,)3 !/#, +/!#*+$#*,' .+* #'&9*#+ +/!#*+5$#/#&+3 +/!#*+3 &'95

+/!#*+ /&,'9&+$, +*%+& .#6!*+&+* $+6+# ''+&,9' +.+ ,+*6&# &+7+

10 M+*6+* .#9&$#.+ (M*O2)3 /96+ S/*#! (S)3 +,+! *#&/ 9&$#.+ (N#O)

'!+&+* +-+* *6-#/+*6 +'*+ (.79/9'+*,) %+*6 .++, *6-#/+*6&+*

+'*+ &+'*+ &-+.#'+* $*%++ $# 9&$#.+ %+*6 +$!& '$++ +-+* +&!

11 B+-+* +'*+ .+/+ &+7+ +,+! 6/+$ +.+/+- 9&$#.+ .+'# !*$!' ,'+*$#$# ,'!,++

69/9*6+* ',++ T73 V3 C+3 M*3 ?3 C93 N#3 .+* C! W+'*+*%+ .#-+$#/&+* .+'#

+$9'$# 7+-+%+ '&!*$# ,',*,! C9*,9- N#O +&+* '#&+* +'*+ 79&/+,



+.+ /+'!,+* *+,'#!5,#+/ .+* *6-+$#/&+* -/#9,'9 .+/+ &+7+ 9,+$ K'9

9&$#.+ +&+* '#&+* +'*+ %+*6 '&#$+' .+'# -#"+! $++# "#*66+

2.2 Seja#a$ Pe#%e&'an(an Ka)a

K+7+ ',++ &+/# .#,!&+* $7+'+ ,#.+& $*6+"+ .# .+'+- S%'#+ +.+ =000 SM.*6+* //-*%+ +,!+* %+*6 .#6!*+&+* !*,+!& +$+& .+* &!.#+* *6'+$

*"+.# 9+! (,#.+& ,'*$+'+*) S&#,+' =00 SM +-+* .+$+' &+7+ !/+# .#6!*+&+*

$+6+# +-+* %+*6 '# & &#/+! +.+ <+$ .+* 9, P+'+ .+6+*6 %+*6

*6,+-!# #*# !/+# *%+'&+* #*9'+$# #*# $+*"+*6 '"+/+*+* '&+

P+.+ 100 SM !/+# .#!+, <+$ %+*6 ,'!+, .+'# &+7+3 @!6+ .#,!&+* !&,#5

!&,# !+,+* &+7+ .# .+'+- Y!*+*# .+* C#*+ P+.+ ,+-!* 1=00 SM *6'+"#* M$#'

*!&+* 7+'+ !*,!& !+, 9, &+7+ .*6+* 7,+&+* T'!&,# .*6+*

.#,!&+**%+ !+- <+$ .*6+* !&#'+* *++ P-+'9- T-9!,9$#$ III (1=04514=0SM)3

%+*6 ++ *6'+"#* &+7+ .+'# #$# #/#,'*%+ .# C#*+

S++# ++. > SM &'+"#*+* &+7+ !/+# '&+*6 .#.+'+- M$99,+#+ .+*

$++# & I,+/#+ C+'+ !+,+* &+7+ %+*6 ,',!/#$ ',++ .#!+, +.+ ,+-!* =0 SM

.*6+* !&#'+* .#+,+$ /*6+* +,! %+*6 ,'$#+* .# '!$,+&++* '+"+ A$$%'#+

A$-!'+*#+/ (>52 SM)A*,+'+ 2 SM $++# 14 SM3 .#,!&+* 7++'+ +'! .+/+

*69/+- &+7+ %+#,! .#$!, 6/+$$/9#*6

A/+, %+*6 .#6!*+&+* '!+ #+ /96+ $#, $+6+# +/+, !*,!& *#! L+/!

+*6$+ R9+ !/+# *66!*+&+* +/+, 7,+&+* !*,!& !+, &+7+ P+.+ ,+-!* 100 M

+*$+ R9+ *"+.# %+*6 ',++ *66!*+&+* &+7+ .+/+ +'$#,&,!' .*6+*

.#,!&+**%+ 7/+' 6/+$$ %+*6 .#6!*+&+* +.+ +*6!*+*5+*6!*+* *,#*6 .+* <#/+5<#/+

+- S&#,+' ,+-!* 1000 M +*6$+ E'9+ %+*6 !/+# &$!/#,+* *7+'# +-+* .+$+'

&+7+ !/+# +&+# +-+* .+$+' /+#*3 %+#,! 9,+$-P+.+ ++. 11 @'+* *7#,+&+* ,9. !+, &+7+ /+'+* (6/+$$ $-,)

P+.+ ++. 1 +*6$+ V*#+ !/+# '9.!&$# &+7+ .+/+ *,!& /+'+* P+.+

+&-#' ++. 1> !/+# '.#'# +*6!*+* %+*6 *66!*+&+* &+7+ $+6+# !*6&!$ /!+'

+*6!*+* .+* *"+.# -+/ %+*6 $+*6+, +'! &+'*+ +.+ ++* #,! +*6!*+* +$#-

*66!*+&+* +,! +,+ !*,!& .#*.#*6*%+

2.* S!a+,"!a+ Ka)a

B'++ $#+5$#+, &+7+ $7+'+ !! +.+/+-:

1



1 P+.+,+* +9'

2 B'!"!. +.+, ,,+# $!$!*+* +,9*%+ $',# +.+ +, 7+#'

T#.+& #/#&# ,#,#& /!' %+*6 +$,#

4 M!*%+# <#$&9$#,+$ 7!&! ,#*66# (/#- .+'# 1012 P+$)

= T'+*$+'+* .+* ,+-+* ,'-+.+ $'+*6+* &##+ &7!+/# -#.'96* /!9'#.+

E&,# $+6+# #$9/+,9' M+! *+-+* <+&! ,,+# '+!- ,'-+.+ *,!'+*

2.- Ma)a&,&a)a& Ka)a

S7+'+ !! &+7+ &9'$#+/ .++, .#&/99&&+* *"+.# '++ 69/9*6+*:

1 S#/#&+ /!' S#/#&+ /!' +,+! $#/#&+ <#,'9 .#!+, /+/!# #'9/#$#$ $#/#&9* ,,'+&/9'#.+

+.+ $!-! ,#*66# +,+! .+'# /!'+* &!+'$+ +,+! +$#' !'*# K+7+ #*# $'#*6

.#$!, &+7+ &!+'$+ (quartz glass) K+7+ #*# !*%+# 7#'#57#'# *#/+# &$+*$#

'*.+- .+* ,#,#& /!*+&+* ,#*66# K+'*+ #,!3 &+7+ #*# !*%+# &,+-+*+*,'+/ /#- ,#*66# .+'#+.+ &+7+ /+#* K+7+ #*# "!6+ $+*6+, ,'+*$+'+* ,'-+.+

'+.#+$# !/,'+<#9/, K+7+ "*#$ #*#/+- %+*6 $'#*6 .#6!*+&+* $+6+# &!<, !*,!&

$&,'9,' UV5V#$#/ %+*6 -+'6+*%+ $&#,+' .!+ "!,++* ' &!<,2 A/&+/# $#/#&+,

A/&+/# $#/#&+, +.+/+- $+,!5$+,!*%+ &+7+ %+*6 *6+*.!*6 .!+ &99**

%+*6 .# !/#&+$#&+* $7+'+ &9'$#+/ P+.+ '9$$ !+,+**%+ +$#' .+* $9.+

.#/!' '$++5$++ .+* -+$#/*%+ .#$!, N+,'#! $#/#&+, L+'!,+* $#/#&+, $9.+

"!6+ .#&*+/ $+6+# &+7+ /+'!, +#' (water soluble glass) .+* +*%+& .#+&+#$+6+# +.-$# .+/+ !+,+* &9,+&5&9,+& &+',9* 6/9+*6 %+*6 #/#&#

$#+, ,+-+* +# K+7+ $9.+ 6+#*6

K+7+ $9.+ 6+#*6 ( soda-lime glass) '!+&+* >= '$* .+'# $!+

&+7+ %+*6 .#-+$#/&+* K+7+ #*# .#6!*+&+* !*,!& !+, $6+/+ +7+ "+*+3

&+7+ /+'+*3 "*./+ 9#/ .+* +'+*6 7+- /+-

4 K+7+ ,#+/

D*6+* *66!*+&+* 9&$#.+ ,#+/ $+6+# *66+*,# &+/$#! .+/+

7+!'+* &+7+ 7+#'3 .#.++,/+- &+7+ ,#+/ (lead glass) K+7+ #*# $+*6+, *,#*6

.+/+ #.+*6 9,#&3 &+'*+ !*%+# #*.&$ ''+&$# .+* .#$'$# %+*6 ,#*66#

K+*.!*6+* ,#+/*%+ #$+ *7++# 82F (.*$#,+$ 8303 #*.&$ #+$ 232)

K+*.!*6+* ,#+/ #*#/+- %+*6 '#&+* &7'/+*6+* +.+ &+7+ 9,9*6

(cut glass) K+7+ #*# "!6+ .#6!*+&+* .+/+ "!/+- $+' !*,!& !+, 9/+

11



/+!3 /+! '&/+ *9*3 '+.#9,'9*3 ,'!,++ &+'*+ &+7+ #*# !*%+#

,+-+*+* (resistance) /#$,'#& ,#*66# K+7+ #*# "!6+ 7979& .#+&+# $+6+# '#$+#

'+.#+$# *!&/#'

= K+7+ 9'9$#/#&+,

K+7+ 9'9$#/#&+, #+$+*%+ *6+*.!*6 10 $++# 20F B2O3 80F $++#8F $#/#&+3 .+* &!'+*6 .+'# 10F N+2O K+7+ "*#$ #*# !*%+# &9#$#*

&$+*$# ,'+/ '*.+-3 /#- ,+-+* ,'-+.+ &"!,+* .+* !*%+# $,+#/#,+$

&##+ ,#*66#3 $',+ ,+-+*+* /#$,'#& ,#*66# K+7+ 9'9$#/#&+, "!6+ .#6!*+&+* $+6+#

#$9/+,9' ,6+*6+* ,#*66#3 .+* .#6!*+&+* "!6+ !*,!& /*$+ ,/$&9 $',# #$+/*%+

/*$+ =00 7 .# M, P+/9' (AS)

K+7+ &-!$!$

K+7+ '+'*+3 '$+/!,3 9+/3 ,'+*$/!$*3 &+7+ &$/++,+*3 #,9&'93

&+7+ 9,#& .+* &+7+ &'+#& $!+*%+ ,'+$!& &+7+ &-!$!$ K99$#$#*%+ '.+5.+ ,'6+*,!*6 +.+ '9.!& +&-#' %+*6 .##*6#*&+*

S'+, &+7+ (#' 6/+$$)S'+, &+7+ .#!+, .+'# &99$#$# &+7+ &-!$!$ %+*6 ,+-+* ,'-+.+ &9*.#$#

7!+7+ K+7+ #*# #+$+*%+ !*%+# &+*.!*6+* $#/#&+ $&#,+' ==F3 .+* +/&+/#

/#- '*.+-

S/+#* #,!3 +.+ "!6+ &+7+ $#/#&+ %+*6 .#6!*+&+* .# .+/+ &,&*#&+* %+*6

!*%+# '+6+# $!$,+*$# %+*6 .#,++-&+* & S#O23 $-#*66+ !+,*%+ /#-

!.+- .#'&+%+$+3 ,,+# ,#,#& !$#*%+ *"+.# /#- '*.+- K+7+5$#/#&+ .# .+/+

&,&*#&+* .#&/+$##&+$#&+* *"+.# ,#6+ &/99&3 %+#,! :

1 K+7+ +/&+/# ,+*+ 9&$#.+ '+, K+7+ #*# !*%+# ,#,#& /!' %+*6 +6+& '*.+-

P+&+#+**%+ +*,+'+ /+#* !*,!& 9,9/ .+* &+7+ "*./+2 K+7+ +/&+/# %+*6 *6+*.!*6 9&$#.+ '+, K+7+ #*# !*%+# $#+, &/#$,'#&+*

%+*6 ,#*66# .#+*.#*6&+* .*6+* &+7+ +/&+/# &/99& 1 K+7+ /#*, .#,++-

.*6+* PO +,+! &+7+ 7'9* .#,++- .*6+* B+O .#6!*+&+* $+6+# &+7+

9,#& K+7+ &-!$!$ !*,!& +-+* .#/&,'#& &++$#,9' +.+/+- &+7+ /#*, %+*6 .#$!,

#*9$ D# +*,+'+ &+7+5&+7+ 7'9* ,'.++, "*#$ %+*6 .#$!, #'&$ P#'&$

!*%+# &9#$#* ,-'+/ 105 ' 9C .+* +! *+-+* '!+-+*

$!-! %+*6 *.+.+& K+7+ *9* +/&+/# P*66!*++* &+7+ #*# +.+/+- $+6+# &+7+ 9,#& .+* +-+* #$9/+$#

/#$,'#& B'++ "*#$ &+7+ .+'# &/99& #*# !*%+# ,#,#& /!*+&+* %+*6

$+*6+, ,#*66#

12



2.5 Rea%"! K!&!a

R+&$# &##+ %+*6 .++, ,'/#-+, .+/+ !+,+* &+7+ .++, .#'#*6&+$ $+6+# '#&!,:

1 N+2CO +S#O2 N+ 2O+S#O2 CO2

2 C+CO S#O2 C+OS#O2 CO2

N+2SO4 7S#O2 C N+2O7S#O2 SO SO2 CO

R+&$# %+*6 ,'+&-#' #*# .++, '/+*6$!*6 $',# +.+ '$+++* 43 =3 %+#,!:

4 N+2SO4 C N+2SO CO

= 2 N+2SO4 C 2 N+2SO CO2

N+2SO 7S#O2 N+2O7S#O2 SO2

2. a#a Pe&'ua+an

P'9$.!' !+,+* &+7+ .++, .#+6# *"+.# /#+ ,+-+ !,++3 %+#,!:

1 P'$#++* B+-+* +&!

P+.+ ,+-+ #*# .#/+&!&+* *66#/#*6+*3 *6+%+&+* +-+* +&! $',+

#$+-+* .+'# *69,9'5*69,9'*%+ S'!& +-+* +&! .#,#+*6 $$!+#

&99$#$#3 ,'+$!& +-+*5+-+* +.#,# /+#* %+*6 .#'/!&+* $',# +, +'*+

+,+! +,5+, $$!+# .*6+* '9.!& &+7+ %+*6 .#&*.+&# P*6+.!&+* 7+!'+*

+-+* +&! .+/+ $!+,! #' .#/+&!&+* +6+' 7+!'+* *"+.# -996*

$/! .#7+#'&+*

2 P/!'+*

B+-+* +&! %+*6 $!.+- -996*3 .#+%+& .+-!/! $/! .#+$!&&+* &

.+/+ ,!*6&! (!'*+7) '$!-! $&#,+' 1=009C $-#*66+ 7+!'+* +&+* *7+#'

T!*6&! $+6+# ,+, *7+#'&+* 7+!'+* +-+* +&! &+7+3 ,'+6#

*"+.#

13



"*#$3 %+#,! :

+ P9, !'*+73 #+$+*%+ .#+&+# !*,!& *6-+$#/&+* &+7+5&+7+ &-!$!$

($7#+/ 6/+$$) $',# &+7+ $*#3 &+7+ 9,#& .*6+* $&+/+ '9.!&$# %+*6

&7#/ $&#,+' 2 ,9* +,+! /#- '*.+- P9, ,'!+, .+'# +,+ $#/#7+5

+/!#*+ (/!*6) &-!$!$ +,+! /+,#*+

T+*& !'*+73 .#6!*+&+* +.+ #*.!$,'# 6/+$ $&+/+ $+' .+* ,'!+,

.+'# +,+ ''+&,9'# (+,+ ,+-+* +*+$) ?!'*+7 #*# +! *+!*6

$&#,+' 1=0 ,9* 7+#'+* 6/+$ %+*6 *,!& &9/+ .# "+*,!*6

!'*+7

7 R6*'+,#< !'*+7

T+*!' ,+*&# &7#/ .#$!, ,+*&# -+'#+* (.+% ,+*&) .+* '#$# '$.#+++*

&+7+ 7+#' !*,!& $+,! -+'# $+*%+& 1 , $++# 10 , T+*&# #*# .# +*+$#

$7+'+ /&,'9,'+/ +,+! .*6+* 6+$

P*,!&+* +,+! P*7,+&+*

K+7+ .++, .#*,!& .*6+* $#* +,+! .*6+* 7,+& ,+*6+* ?+&,9'

*,#*6 %+*6 -+'!$ .#'-+,#&+* .+/+ 7,+& $#* +.+/+- '+*7+*6 $#* #,!

-+'!$/+- $.#&#+* '!+ $-#*66+ *7,+&+* +'+*6 &+7+ .++, .#$/$+#&+*

.+/+ ,9 '++ .,#& $+"+ D+/+ +&,! $+*6+, $#*6&+, #,! &+7+ '!+-

.+'# +, 7+#' <#$&9$ *"+.# +, +.+, *#*6 @*#$5 "*#$ $#* *,!& &+7+

%+*6 !!3 %+#,! &+7+ "*./+3 &+7+ /+,3 &+7+ +!*63 &+7+ '&++, .+*

'9/+3 &+7+ ,#!3 9,9/3 9/+ /+!3 .+* ,+!*6

4 P*%+*6+#+*

U*,!& *6!'+*6# '6+*6+*5'6+*6+* .+/+ &+7+ $!+ +'+*6 &+7+

-+'!$ .#$+*6+# (+**+/#*6)3 +#& +'+*6 &+7+ %+*6 .#!+, .*6+* $#* +!!*

%+*6 .#!+, .*6+* ,+*6+* P*%+*6+#* *%+*6&!, 2 +7+ 9'+$# :

M*+-+* /++ &+7+ #,! +.+ $!+,! $!-! .#+,+$ $!-! &'#,#$ ,',*,! $/++

'++ +&,! %+*6 7!&! /++ $-#*66+ *6!'+*6# '6+*6+*5'6+*6+* .+/+

.*6+* "+/+* *6+/#'+* /+$,#$ $-#*66+ '6+*6+**%+ &!'+*6 .+'# $,+*.+'

+&$#!* %+*6 .#,*,!&+* M*.#*6#*&+* &+7+ ,'$!, $++# $!-! &++'

14



$7+'+ 7!&! '/+-+* $-#*66+ '6+*6+* %+*6 ,'"+.# +.+ .#++- +,+$

+&$#!* $!-! /-' +,+! ,!*6&! *%+*6+#+*

= P*%/$+#+*

S!+ &+7+ %+*6 $!.+- .#$+*6+# -+'!$ *6+/+# 9'+$# *%/$+#+*

%+*6 '/+,# $.'-+*+ ,,+# $+*6+, *,#*6 O'+$# #*# *%+*6&!,

'$#-+*3 *669$9&+*3 9/$+*3 9,9*6+*3 69$9&5$'9, .*6+*

+$#'3 +$+*6+* +#/ $+6+# &/+$##&+$# &!+/#,+$ .+* *6!&!'+*

G++' 281 D#+6'+ +/#' !+,+* &+7+ /+'+*

15



2. Pe&'ua+an Ka)a K$u"u"

K+7+ '+'*+ .+* '$+/!,: W+/+!!* $!.+- '++.5++. .#6!*+&+* !*,!&

.&9'+$3 &+7+ ,'+*$+'+* '+'*+ $+*6+, '6!*+ !/+ .+/+ #.+*6 ,&*#& .+*#/#+- .+* .#!+, .+/+ '+,!$+* +7+ +'*+ K+7+ '+'*+ +.+ +7+3 %+#,!:

1 W+'*+*%+ .#-+$#/&+* .+'# +$9'$# 7+-+%+ '&!*$# ,',*,! 9/- +-+* &##+

%+*6 ,'/+'!, .# .+/+ &+7+ B+-+* +'*+ .+/+ &/99& #*# +.+/+- 9&$#.+

!*$!' ,'+*$#$# ,'!,++ .+'# 69/9*6+* ',++

2 W+'*+*%+ .#-+$#/&+* 9/- +',#&/ &9/9#. %+*6 *6*.+ .# .+/+ &+7+ %+*6

$/!*%+ ,+*+ +'*+ /+/!# '/+&!+* +*+$ C9*,9- &/+$#& .+'# "*#$ #*#

+.+/+- *6*.++* &9/9#.+ +$ !*,!& *6-+$#/&+* +$ '!#

W+'*+*%+ .#-+$#/&+* 9/- +',#&/ #&'9$&9#& +,+! +',#&/ %+*6 /#- $+'

%+*6 !*6&#* $!.+- '+'*+ $*.#'#3 $',# '+- $/*#! (SO2) %+*6

.#6!*+&+* .+/+ /+! /+/! /#*,+$3 9/+ /*,'+3 +,+! +',#&/ #*# ,#.+& '+'*+

.+* *6-+$#/&+* &+7+ 9+/$*

K+7+ K$/++,+* .#&/99&+* *"+.# 2 69/9*6+*3 %+#,!:

1 K+7+ &$/++,+* /+#*+$# +.+/+- "*#$ %+*6 +/#*6 +*%+& .#+&+# K+7+ %+*6

.#6!*+&+* !*,!& !+, &+7+ &$/++,+* /+#*+$# !*%+# $#+,5$#+,

#$#&+ $',# &+7+ #+$+3 $-#*66+ $/!'!- $#+, &$/++,+**%+ '+$+/ .+'#

&+!+* /+$,#& !*,!& ,,+ 6+*6 7+-+*57+-+**%+ ++#/+ &+7+ #,!

7+- &+'*+ &7/+&++* P/+$,#& %+*6 ',++ .#6!*+&+* $7+'+ &9'$#+/

+.+/+- $/!/9$+ *#,'+, %+*6 &!.#+* .#6+*,#&+* 9/- $/!/9$+ +$,+, S&+'+*6

-+#' $!+ &+7+ &$/++,+* /+#*+$# *66!*+&+* '$#* 9/#<#*#/ !,#'+,

P/+$,#& <#*#/ /#- /+$,#$ .+'# $/!/9$+ +$,+, &+'*+ .++, *"!/!' +&#+,

,6+*6+* &7#/ $++# +,+$ /+$,#&*%+ .+* .#+,+$ #,! .#'/!&+* ,6+*6+* %+*6

"+!- /#- ,#*66# !*,!& .++, 7+-&+**%+ K+7+ #*# ,,+ *#*6 .+* ,+*+

+'*+ +.+ &9*.#$# +&+#+*3 ,#.+& ,'*6+'!- 9/- $#*+' +,+-+'# .+* ,#.+&

'/!&+* +.-$# +,+! $*%++ ,+-+* +#' .+/+ !+,+**%+

S&#/+$3 &+7+ ,+-+* /!'! ,'/#-+, $',# +*/ &+7+ #+$+ T,+#3

$9,9*6 &+7+ #+$+ +&+* 7+- #/+ .#,+& .*6+* $!+- /!'! S+/#&*%+

16



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1

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21



BAB III

PENUTUP

*.1 Ke"!&u3an

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P*6/99&+* ,'+6# +,+$ '++ 69/9*6+*3 %+#,! : S#/#&+

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K+7+ &-!$!$3 S'+, &+7+

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/!'+* !+,+* *,!& +,+! '7,+&+*3 *%+*6+#+* .+*

*%/$+#+*

*.2 Sa#an

D*6+* +.+*%+ '!$+-++* !+,+* &+7+ .+* $+&#* +"!*%+

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/++*6+* &'"++* +'! +6# +'+ *6+*66!' %+*6 +.+ .# $&/#/#*6

'!$+-++* ,'$!, N+!*3 .*6+* +&#* $+'*%+ '!$+-++* &+7+ #*#

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#*# +$,# !*%+# /#+- %+*6 $+*6+, '+-+%+ +6# &/+*6$!*6+*

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&9$#$, +&+* '!+- *"+.# ,#.+& +#& .+'# $,'!&,!' ,+*+- +,+!!* +#'



O/- &+'*+ #,!3 #*.!$,'# &+7+ #*# -+'!$ '-+,#&+* /#*6&!*6+* $&#,+'

.*6+* #*#+/#$#' .++& *6+,# .+'# /#+- %+*6 .#-+$#/&+*

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

A*9*# (2013 M+%) All about glass D#,#& O7,9' 213 2013 .+'#

-,,:++/#%+-%+1/96!*$+7#.+//5+9!,56/+$$

A*9*# (2011) Bab III Proses Produksi. D#,#& O7,9' 213 2013 .+'#

-,,:#.$7'#.79.97402BAB5III

A*9*# (20123 S,' 04) Bahan-bahan Dasar Pembuat Kaca

D#,#& O7,9' 213 2013 .+'# -,,:#$+&##+7920120>04+-+*5+-+*5

.+$+'5!+,5&+7+

A*9*# (2013 M+%) angkah cara membuat D#,#& O7,9' 203 2013

.+'# -,,:/+*6&+-57+'+5!+,/96$9,792010=79*,9-5+&+/+-57+'+5

!+,+*56/+$5.+*-,/

A*9*# (20113 S,' 2) Pembuatan Kaca D#,#& O7,9' 203

2013 .+'# -,,:++.-9'.'$$7920110>2!+,+*5&+7+

A/.9*6!,'+ 2012 Kaca glass D+'#

-,,:+/.9*6!,'+/96$9,79#.201202&+7+56/+$$-,/

http://aldongutra.blogspot.co.id/2012/02/kaca-glass.html

http://aldongutra.blogspot.co.id/2012/02/kaca-glass.html

kelompok 2. industri glass

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