kenali ular (snake)
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TRANSCRIPT
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Prof. Madya (Dr) Rashidi AhmadJabatan Perubatan Kecemasan
Pusat Pengajian Sains PerubatanHosp. USM, Kelantan
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Reptilia 8000 species
4 kumpulan
1. Testudines (penyu & kura2)
2. Squamata (cicak, amfibia, ular)
3. Crocodylia (buaya)
4. Rhyncocephalia (tuataras)
Squamata – kumpulan terbesar & juga dikenali sebagai serpentes (7900 spesies)
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Ciri-ciri haiwan reptilia
* Kulit bersisik kering.* Bernafas melalui paru2.* Biasanya bertelur dan telur bercangkerang
keras.* Sebahagian reptilia mempunyai 4 kaki &
tanpa kaki.* Berdarah sejuk – 25 - 35 C (suhu badan
berubah mengikut suhu sekitar).
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Ular Spesies ular dunia – 3000
~ 42% keseluruhan reptilia
Terkecil – blind snake (8 cm); terbesar – phyton (7 meter)
Lebih kurang 600 spesies berbisa
Semenanjung Malaysia = 142 spesies
39 spesies berbisa
17 ular darat, 22 ular laut
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Fakta - ular
TIADA alis mata, cuping telinga
Biseksual (sukar dibezakan)
Saiz betina > besar dari jantan
Bertelur dan mengeram
Anak ular dilahirkan dari telur yang menetas di dalam atau di luar badan ular
Kelajuan ular menjalar ~ 5 – 9 km/jam
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Umur boleh menjangkau 30 tahun
Ular ialah haiwan karnivor + kanibal
Ular salin kulit secara berkala; proses tumbesaran
Ular memanjat
Deria bau - lidah bercabang
Sistem metabolik ular – perlahan
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Sebahagian mempunyai pit (thermoreceptor/vibration) untuk mengesan mangsa
Ular boleh menggelungsur, x terbang
Rahang ular terdiri dari ligamen elastik
Ular berjaga malam mengecutkan anak mata kecil pada siang hari
Gigi ular > 200 batang
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Ular daratan vs ular laut
Ular daratan
– Kebanyakannya tidak berbisa
– Jumlah bisa ∞ tisu rosak
Ular laut
– kebanyakannya berbisa
– kesan patukan atau kecederaan tisu adalah minima tetapi kesan sistematik bisa menyerlah
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Keluarga ular berbisa
Atractaspididae
Rhabdophis
Colubridae
Elapidae/hydrophidae
Viperidae/crotalidae
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Ular berbisa di Malaysia
Ular daratan1. Elapidae
Cobra
Coral
Krait
2. Viperidae/crotalidae Vipers
Ular laut Hydrophidae
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10 ular paling berbisa di malaysia1. Ular Laut (Laticauda sp)
2. Ular King Kobra/tedung selar (Ophiophagus hannah)
3. Ular Malayan Krait/katang tebu (Bungarus candidus)
4. Ular branded Krait/katang belang (Bungarus fasciatus)
5. Ular Kobra (Naja naja spuitatrix)
6. Ular Malayan pit viper/kapak bodoh (Agkistrodon rhodostoma)
7. Ular leher merah/red-necked keelback (Rhabdopsis subminiata)
8. Ular kapak ekor merah (Trimeresurus albolabris)
9. Ular Kapak hidung pipih (Trimeresurus puniceus)
10. Ular kapak tokong (Tropidolaemus wagleri)
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Kenali ular berbisa
Sukar Petunjuk
- saiz- bentuk- warna- corak kulit- perangai, suara
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Tail laterally flattened
Ular laut: ekor pipih
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Ular kapak bodoh
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Ular kapak bakau
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Ular kapak tokong
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Ular kapak ekor merah
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Ular kapak kepala pipih
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Ular kapak Russel’s
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Ular tedung selar
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Ular senduk
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Ular Kobra (Naja naja spuitatrix)
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Ular katang belang/Banded krait
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Ular katang tebu/Malayan banded krait
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Ular katang kepala merah/Red headed krait
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Blue coral snake
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Spotted coral snake
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blue malayan coral snake
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banded coral snake
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Yellow bellied sea snake
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Sea krait
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Red necked keelback
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Banded green cat snake
Tak berbisa
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Paradise tree snake
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Black-Yellow Viper or Ular Punti
Semi berbisa
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Ular tikus
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Hindari ular berbisa Elakkan menangkap @ mengganggu ular.
Ular hanya menggigit bila mulut/tubuhnya sakit, sedang hamil atau mencari jodoh.
Ular tidak suka bauan berikut: minyak tanah, parfum atau benzene.
Lebih efektif dari garam.
Ular segan dengan binatang berkuku tajam seperti kucing.
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Langkah berjaga-jaga
Berhati-hati apabila bekerja di kawasan yang menjadi habitat ular seperti di kawasan sawah padi ataupun semak.
Jangan sekali-kali memasukkan, tangan atau kaki ke tempat yang mana dipercayai terdapat ular (celah batu, di bawah tunggul kayu), sekiranya perlu gunakan kayu terlebih dahulu.
Terserempak ular, jangan lari, berhenti dan jangan bergerak, selalunya ular akan berlalu pergi.
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Jika berkhemah di pantai/gigi air
Ular laut tidak agresif
Jangan hampiri sekumpulan ular laut (musim mengawan - amat agresif).
Pakai pakaian tebal seperti kasut kulit atau but separas lutut, sarung tangan, seluar panjang, baju lengan panjang dan topi
Ular bisa keluar waktu malam yang panas.Jangan berjalan dalam gelap, bawalah lampu suluh dan sebagainya.
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Bersihkan sekeliling khemah daripada semak-samun, sampah-sarap ataupun batu-batu terlebih dahulu.
Jangan tidur di luar khemah.
Kehangatan badan menarik perhatian ular (ular kapak).
Buang atau tanam makanan yang tidak habis jauh dari kawasan perkhemahan - menarik perhatian tikus/ular
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Thank You
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Tangkap ular – kaedah 1
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Kaedah 2 dan 3
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Kaedah 4 dan 5
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