Kentucky Fruit FactsMay-June Newsletter 2020 http://www.uky.edu/hort/documents-list-fruit-facts

John Strang, Extension Fruit Specialist, Editor Daniel Becker, EditorDenise Stephens, Newsletter Designer

Inside this Issue: Fruit Crop News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Upcoming Meetings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Welcome W. Garrett Owen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Spring Freeze Impact on Kentucky Fruit Crop. . . . . 3 Insecticide and Calcium Program for 2020 if the Crop is Lost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Disease Management for Non-Bearing Orchards: Spray Considerations after Freeze Losses . . . . . .4 Grapes and Frost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Woolly Apple Aphids Flaring in Some Orchards . . . 6 Kentucky Fruit Grower Retail Prices for 2019. . . . . 7 North American Raspberry & Blackberry Association Grower Pricing Survey . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Consider These Digital Wallet Options for Credit Card Payments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 An IPM Scouting Guide for Common Problems of Peach in Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Receiving Fruit Facts on the Internet. . . . . . . . . . . .10

Note: We have ceased publishing Fruit Facts as a hard copy or mailed newsletter. If you would like to continue receiving Fruit Facts, please sign up for email delivery as described at the end of this newsletter or contact your County Extension Office to have them print a copy for you.

Fruit Crop NewsJohn Strang, U.K. Extension Horticulturist, Daniel Becker, Extension Associate, and Matt Dixon, U.K. Ag Meteorologist

Thishasbeenaverydifficultspringforfruitgrowers!Notonlyhavemultiplefrostsbeendevastatingformanygrowers,butpersistentrainfall

hasmadeitdifficulttogetnewplantingsintheground.Thecoolspringprolongedbloom,butfortunatelythefireblightinfectionincidenceonapplesandpearshasbeenminimal.However,cedarapplerusthasbeenaproblemonunsprayedappletrees.Itistoolateforcontrolthisseason,butplantpathologyhasanexcellentshortvideoonthisdiseaseifyouwanttobrushup.Apple Rust -2:49minutes(http://plantpathology.ca.uky.edu/files/ppfs-fr-t-05.pdf ) AfterawetspringMattDixonnotesthatthecomingweeksareliabletobedryones.TheNationalWeatherServicepredictswithahighconfidencelevelthatKentuckywillexperiencedroughtconditionsatleastupthroughJune22.Growersshouldworkongettingirrigationsystemsupandrunning.Plantsextractwaterfirstfromuppersoillevelsandasadroughtpersistsbeginremovingwaterfromdeepersoilreserves.Itisbesttoavoiddeepsoillevelmoisturedepletionasthisisthereserveforextendeddryperiods.Deepdepletionincreasesthepotentialforwaterstressduringthesummerandearlyfallwhenfruitisripeningandcanreducesizeandyieldatharvest.Severestresswillnegativelyaffectvegetativegrowthwhenitoccursandfruitdevelopmentthefollowingyear.Whencoupledwithhotweather,abnormalflowerbudscandevelop,leadingtosuchdisordersasfruitdoublesinapplesanddeepsuturesinpeaches.Earlyripeningcultivarsseemparticularlysusceptibletoincreasedfruitdefectsinresponsetostress.

Cooperative Extension ServiceUniversity of KentuckyHorticulture DepartmentN-318 Ag. Science Ctr. No.Lexington KY 40546-0091

CindyFinnesethhasdevelopedandkeptaCOVID-19pageupdatedontheKentuckyHorticultureCouncilwebsite.ItcontainsamultitudeoflinksthatcovereverythingfromfundingtoCDCrecommendationsforprotectingyourself.https://kyhortcouncil.org/covid-19-coronavirus-information-and-resources/PleasepayspecialattentiontotheKDA,“MinimumRequirementsandGuidanceforKentuckyDirectFarmMarketingOperations”alsoatthislink.

Upcoming Meetings & DeadlinesMany meetings have been cancelled due to COVID-19

All times EST unless noted

Jun. Viticulture and Enology Field Day, HorticultureResearchFarm,4321EmmertFarmLn.,Lexington,KY.Postponeduntilearly-MidAugust.SeefutureFruitFactsfordetails. Sept. 14 Early Apple Tasting, BullittCountyExtensionOffice,384HallsLane,Shepherdsville,KY40165.6:00p.m.Contact502-543-2257. Oct. 19 Late Apple Tasting, BullittCountyExtensionOffice,384HallsLane,Shepherdsville,KY40165.6:00p.m.Contact502-543-2257. Jan. 4-5, 2021 Kentucky Fruit and Vegetable Conference, SloneConventionCenter,1021WilkinsonTrace,BowlingGreen,KY42103.ContactCindyFinneseth859-490-0889,info@kyhortcouncil.org Jan. 6, 2021 Direct Marketing Summit, SloneConventionCenter,1021WilkinsonTrace,BowlingGreen,KY42103.ContactCindyFinneseth859-490-0889,info@kyhortcouncil.org

Welcome W. Garrett Owen

ItisapleasuretowelcomeGarrettOwenintotheU.K.DepartmentofHorticultureasanAssistantProfessorandExtensionSpecialistofFloriculture,GreenhouseandControlledEnvironments.HebeganworkonMay1andhisappointmentissplitbetweenExtension,research,teachingandservice.HisofficeislocatedoncampusinLexington.

Garrett’sareaofexpertiseiscontrolledenvironmentornamental,specialtyandfoodcropproduction;plantnutrition;productionproblemdiagnostics;andyoungherbaceousperennialplantpropagation.Hisundergraduatecoursewillinvolvegreenhouseandcontrolledenvironmentstructures,managementandproduction.Dr.OwenreceivedhisB.S.inHorticulturalSciencefromNorthCarolinaStateUniversityandM.S.inHorticulturalSciencealsofromNorthCarolinaStateUniversityworkingon,PineWoodChipsasanAlternativetoPerliteinGreenhouseSubstrates:CulturalParameterstoConsider.HisPh.D.isfromPurdueUniversitywherehisdissertationinvolvedSupplementalandSole-sourceLightandRoot-zoneTemperatureInfluenceonCuttingPhysiology,Morphology,andRhizogenesisofHerbaceousPerennials.FollowingcompletionofhisPh.D.in2017,GarrettwasemployedasanEasternMichiganFloricultureandGreenhouseOutreachSpecialistforMichiganStateUniversity.Hehasanimpressiverecordofcutting-edgegreenhouseresearchandpublicationsaswellasprofessionalandextensionpresentationstohiscredit.Dr.Owen’searlyyearswerespentinMt.Ulla,NorthCarolinawherehegrewupona1,000-acreproducefarm.PleasewelcomeDr.OwentoKentuckyandwishhimwell.

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Figure 1. Dr. W. Garrett OwenContact: email: wgowen@uky.edu; Office phone: 859-257-4721

Spring Freeze Impact on Kentucky Fruit CropsBy John Strang, U.K. Extension Fruit & Vegetable Specialist and Matt Dixon, U.K. Ag Meteorologist

ThecombinationoffreezesandCOVID19aremakingthe2020seasonanextremelychallengingoneforKentuckyfruitgrowers.Additionally,theprolongedwetcoolweathermadeitdifficultforbeestoflyandpollinate.Examinationofthisyear’sgrowingdegreeaccumulations(Figure2)showsthattheseasonstartedoffasanormalone,butcoolweatherdelayedcropdevelopmentbyasmuchastwoweeksastheseasonprogressed.Infact,plantdevelopmentwastwoweekslaterthanthe2007seasonwhereweexperiencedthedevastatingEasterfreeze.Aseriesofrecord-breakinglatefreezesprimarilyonthemorningsofApril15,16andMay9servedtoprogressivelycompoundinjuryonKentuckyfruitcrops.Cropfreezelossesweresevereonallofourfruitcropsinthenorthern,central,southernandeasternportionsofthestate.Somegrowershavefruitonselectedvarieties,generallyonlaterbloomingvarieties,butlossesareextensiveontreeandsmallfruitcrops.ItlookslikegrowersatlowerelevationsinfarSoutheastKentuckyhavesomesurvivingfruit,butatthehigherelevationsitwasextremelycold.SouthernareasfromBardstownwestthroughBowlingGreen,Princeton,Paducahandpointswestgenerallyfairedwell,dependingonthesite.Growersonhighsitesintheseareashavefullcropsofapples,peachesandotherfruittypes.Someonlowersitesdidnotfaresowellandreportedlossesofpeachesandearlybloomingapples.InspectionofsurvivingapplefruitinouruniversityorchardinLexingtonshowsthatmanyhaveonlyafewseedsprimarilyduetopoorpollination.Afewsurvivingpeachesaresizingwellandlookgood,buttherearenotenoughonthetreestojustifyspraying.Peachesthathavehadtheirseedskilledaredroppingfromthetree,butsomearehangingonandwillfailtosize.Ihaven’ttalkedwithanygrowersincolderareasthathaveplumsorcherries.Inthelightofseverelossesinpartsofthestate,mostappleandpeachgrowerswillsourcefruitfromareaswherethecropsaregood.Plasticulturestrawberrygrowershadtoprotecttheircropsfromfrostastheynormallydoeveryyear.Thosethathadadequateprotection,insomecases

theuseofadoublelayeroffloatingrowcovershavegenerallydonewell.Itisdifficultformetoassessblueberrycropdamageimmediatelyafterafreeze.Again,likestrawberriesearliermaturingvarietiesbloomearlierandaremorepronetolosses.Initiallymanygrowersthoughtthattheyhadweatheredthefreezesuccessfully,butberrieshavecontinuedtodrop.Theblueberriesthataresizingnormallyareundamaged.Someofthesmalleronesthatareturningblueearlyandoftendroppingarefreezedamaged.Ifasmallerfruitiscutinhalf,browningisevidentwheretheseedshavebeeninjured.Undamagedlargerfruitwillbelightgreeninside,andtheseedswillbewhite.Seedsareimportantinmobilizingcarbohydratesandresourcesintothefruittohelpitsize.Blackberrygrowerswillalsohavelightercropsasmanyflowerseveninthebudstagewerekilled,butthesecontinuedtoopenandlooknormalexceptfortheblackcenters.Flowerbudsthatwerelessmatureatthetimeofthefreezeareproducingfruitnow.Fallbearingraspberrieshadsomeprimocaneinjuryincolderareas,butthiswillnotaffectthefallcrop.Junebearingraspberriesgenerallylostsomeflowersintheseareas,butstillhaveapartialcrop.PatsyWilsonaddressesthegrapecropsituationbelow.Persimmons,pawpaws,pecans,chestnuts,hickories,blackwalnutsandmanytreesinthewoodshadtheirleavesfrozenbackonceortwicewhicheliminatedallorjustaboutalloftheirflowersincolderareas.Thishassubstantiallyreducedfoodfor

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Figure 2.. Growing degree day accumulations (base 50°F) for 2020 and past years.

wildlifeandgrowersshouldexpectintensifiedwildlifeproblemsonsurvivingfruitcrops.FruitgrowersinIndianaandOhioandstateseastofKentuckyalsohaveseverefruitcroplosses.MostsouthernIllinoisgrowershavecrops.

Insecticide and Calcium Program for 2020 if the Crop is LostBy Ric Bessin, UK Extension Entomologist and John Strang, UK Extension Horticulturist

Thereareafewinsectsthatdon’tmindthatthereisn’tacropandtheseshouldbeofprimeconcernthisseason.Thereisatendencytoforgetaboutsprayingtheorchardifthereisn’tacrop,butthereareseveralinsectpeststhatcanseriouslyaffectnextyear’scrop.Japanesebeetlescanbeaprobleminjustaboutallofourfruitcrops.Ifthesebuildupandcauseseriousdefoliation,controlwillbenecessary.Inapples,SanJosescaleisapestatthetopofthemustbecontrolledlist.Itisimportanttokeepupwiththedevelopmentofthispestandkeepthenumbersdown.CrawlersarenormallycontrolledduringthelatterpartofMayinKentucky.However,withthecool2020spring,emergenceislikelyclosertoendofthefirstweekinJune.Anotherpestthatcanaffectnextyear’scropisthewoollyappleaphid.Watchforthewhitesnowysignsofthispestonthelimbsanddon’tletitbuildupintheorchard.Ifanappleblockhasalightcropandisreceivingafullseasonsprayprogram,trytoincludecalciumchlorideinasmanycoverspraysaspossible.Treeswithalightcropundergoveryvigorousgrowthandavailableplantcalciumismobilizedtotheshoottips.Thisleadstofruitcalciumdeficiencyandseriouscorkspotandbitterpitproblems.PeachtreesshouldalsobewatchedforSanJosescaledevelopmentandcontrolsapplied.Peachtreeborersfindatreewithoutacropjustasenticingasonewithacrop.Makesurethatpeachtreeandlesserpeachtreeborerspraysareappliedattheappropriatetimes.Thismightbeagoodyeartogetcontrolsupintotheupperportionofthetreeforlesserpeachtreeborer,sincetherewon’tbecropresidueproblems.Evenwithoutfruit,Orientalfruitmothwillattackterminalgrowthandcausediebackonpeaches.Thiscanbeaseriousproblemonsmallertrees.Growers

shouldtreatat75to175DD(base45)afterpeakflightwhenusingpheromonetraps.Plumtreesshouldalsohavepeachtreeborercontrolsapplied.Onblackberriesandraspberries,checkthecrownsforraspberrycrownborer.Treatcrownsinlatefallorearlyspringifthepopulationwarrantsthis.

Disease Management for Non-Bearing Orchards: Spray Considerations after Freeze LossesBy Nicole Gauthier, UK Extension Plant Pathologist

Apple:•FireBlight–monitorforsecondaryandrattailblooms;usestreptomycintoprotectblossomsagainstfireblight;typicallythroughApril.Apogeeatpetalfalliseffectiveformanagementofshootblight.•CedarAppleRust–maintainfungicidescheduleforrust;typicallythroughMay.•BitterRot,BlackRot,WhiteRot–fruitrotfungicaninfectandsurviveintwigsandstems;usemancozebandcaptanthroughthefirstorsecondcovertomanagesporeloadintheorchard,typicallythroughJuneorlongerifweatheris rainy.•PowderyMildewandScab–thesediseasesareusuallynotmajorconcernsforKYgrowers;monitororchardsandsprayifdiseaseispresent.

Peach:•PeachLeafCurl–managepeachleafcurlduringdormancy.•BlossomBlight&BrownRot–usecaptanthroughshucksplitforblossomblight.•PeachScab&CherryLeafSpot–maintainaregularsprayschedule(7to14dayintervals)withlowerratesoffungicide;usehigher/regularratesifweatherisrainy;captaniseffectiveforfungalleafspots.•BacterialSpot–maintainaregularsprayscheduleforbacterialspot;useoxytetracyclineatpetalfallandshucksplit;lowratesoffixedcoppermaybeusedforearlycoverspraysifdiseasepressureishighorifweatherisrainy.•PowderyMildew–monitorforpowderymildew;

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usesulfurifneededoriforchardhasahistoryofpowderymildew.

Grapes and FrostBy Patsy Wilson, U.K. Extension Viticulture Specialist

Aftermultiplefreezeeventsitlookslikeweareheadedintosomerainy,butconsistentlywarmtemperatures.Asexpected,manyofyouhavehadnumerousquestionsaboutwhattodoandwhattoexpectafterthesecoldevents.Rightnow,vinesarepushingnewshootsfromsecondary,tertiary,latent,orbasalbudsiftheprimaryshoots/budswerekilledineitherofthefreezes.Inmostcasestherewillbevaryingstagesofshootdevelopmentduetothefrostdamage.Historically,bloomtimeforthemajorityofcultivarsinKentuckyaveragesaroundthethirdweekinMay.However,basedonpost-freezedevelopmentattheresearchvineyardweareabouttwoweeksbehindandanticipatingstaggeredbloomtimeevenwithinthesamecultivar.

What should I expect from frost-damaged vines?Immediatelyfollowingalatefreezeevent(s)thevinesalwayslookprettybad.Insomecases,howevernotallislost!!Returnfruitfulnesscanbedrasticallydifferentbasedonnumerousfactors.Generallyspeakingreturnfruitfulnesswillbebestfor:

*Large-clusteredcultivars*Cultivarswithfruitfulbasaland/orfruitfulnon-countshoots*Vinesolderthan1-2years*Spurprunedvines(theytendtohavemoreone-yearoldbudsafterdormantpruningthancanbeprunedvines)*Vinesthatmaintainedahealthyopencanopythepreviousseason(shootdensity3-5shootsperfootofrow)*Vinesthatmaintainedanappropriatebalanceofcropvs.leafareainthepreviousseason (balancednotover-croppedvines)

Forvineswith100%primaryshootdamagefromfrost:(thismeansallactivelygrowingshootsweredamagedbyfrost/freeze)

*Retainbasalshootsthathadnotyetpushed(thesecanbehighlyfruitful)*Watchformorethannormalamountsofnon-countshoots.Thesecanquicklyleadtoover-crowdedshootdensityandunnecessarycanopyshadingwithlittlerewardoffruit.Adjustshootdensityifnecessary.

Forvineswithlessthan100%primaryshootdamagefromfrost:(thismeanssomebutnotallgrowingshootsweredamagedbyfrost/freeze)

*Assessthenumberoffruitfulshootsthat remain,whilealsokeepinganeyeonthe numberoffruitfulbasalshootsthatemerge afterthefrost.

*Basalshootscantake2-3weekstobegin togrow.Thiscanleadtounevenclusterdevelopmentandripening.Thisdelayin clusterdevelopmentmayrequiremultiple harvesttimestocarefullyselectclusters fromthefirstsetofshoots(thatwerenot frosted)followedbyfruitfulbasalshoots thatemergedmuchlaterthanthefirst setofclusters.

So,whatdoesthismean?Preandpostbloomarethecriticalwindowsfordiseasemanagement.Inaseasonlikethis,timingofthosesprayscanbealittlechallengingsincebloomtimecanbevariable.Maintainyourdiseasemanagementprogram!Eveniftheemergingshootsarenotfruitfulitisessentialtocontinueyoursprayprogram.Themostcriticalwindowtosprayfordiseasesis2weeksprebloomand4-6weekspostbloom.Maintainingshoothealtheveninyearswithlittlefruitiscriticaltothevinesoverwinteringsurvivalandfruitfulnessinthefollowingyear. Belowisasurveycreatedtocollectinformationonstate-widevinedamagefromtheAprilandMayfreezeevents.Itshouldonlytakeafewminutesandwouldbeextremelyhelpfulifyoucouldfillitout.Therearealsohelpfullinksrelatedtograpephenologyandpestmanagement.Questions?ContactPatsyatemail:patsy.wilson@uky.eduPhone:859-494-16572020KentuckyFrostSurvey-https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfk5u5vBmFQNBWBvGLP-HtqHmGehGsyUYqOOTq2g1n3mIs0jw/viewform

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Culturalcalendarforcommercialgrapeproduction-https://plantpathology.ca.uky.edu/files/ppfs-fr-s-27.pdfMidwestfruitpestmanagementguide-https://plantpathology.ca.uky.edu/files/ppfs-fr-s-23.pdfHomegrapegrowersprayguideSprayworksheetandsamplesprayguides-https://plantpathology.ca.uky.edu/files/ppfs-fr-s-23.pdf

Woolly Apple Aphids Flaring in Some OrchardsBy Ric Bessin, U.K. Extension Entomologist

WhileIhavenotreceivedreportsyetofwoollyappleaphidactivityonappletrees,therewereseveralcommercialorchardslastyearwithseriousinfestations.Insomeyears,thiscanbeattributedtowoundscausedbyperiodicalcicada,butithasbeenseveralyearssincethesehaveemerged.Thismaybeduetotheincreasinguseofpyrethoidsinsecticidestomanageotherpests.Pyrethroidinsecticides(IRACgroup3A)arehighlytoxictonaturalenemies,anditisthosenaturalenemiesthatkeepwoollyappleaphidnumberslow.

Woollyappleaphidisaseriouspestofapples,particularlyyoungtrees.Maturetreesusuallysufferlittledamagefromrootinfestations.Above-groundcoloniesformatwoundsitesontrunks,limbs,andtwigs,wheretheyfeedthroughtenderbark(Figure3).Besidescicadaegg-layingwounds,pruningandhaildamagecancreatethewoundsitesforattackbythispest.Aspopulationsgrow,aphidsarecommonlyfoundonwatersproutsinthecenterofthetree.Thetreewillbegintoswellandformgallsatthefeedingsites.Evenaftertheyarecontrolled,theseswollennodesthatremainaresignsofpreviousinfestations.Thewoollyappleaphiddiffersfromotherappleaphidsinappearance,lifecycle,andthetypeofdamageinflicted.Acolonyappearsasacottonymassgenerallyclusteredinwoundsandpruningscarsonthetrunkandbranchesofthetree.Theaphidsthemselvesarepurplishincolorsurroundedbywhite,cottonysecretions.Woollyappleaphidisasuckinginsectpestthatweakensthetreebyfeedingonlimbsandrootsandproduceshoneydew.Longstrandsofwhitewaxareproducedthathelptoprotectthecolonyofpurpleaphidsfrompredatorsandpesticidesprays.Asthenumberofaphidsontheabovegroundportionofthetreeincrease,manyworktheirwaydowntotherootsbelowgroundsurface.Itisthefeedingontherootsthatproducesthegreatestdamage.Controloftheseaphidsisverydifficultwhentheyattacktheroots.

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Figure 3. Woolly apple aphid colonies form where the bark is thin, often on new growth or near wounds to the bark. (Photo: Ric Bessin, UKY)

Figure 4. Yellowed leaves can be a sign of wooly apple aphid infestations. (Photo: Ric Bessin, UKY)

Duringthesummer,repeatedwoollyappleaphidgenerationsofwinglessindividualsareproduced.Yellowishfoliageisasignthatwoollyappleaphidmaybeinfestingroots(Figure4).Therootsystemsofnurserystockcanbedamaged,andsevererootinfestationscanstuntorkillyoungtrees.Infestedtreesoftenhaveshortfibrousroots,whichpredisposesthemtobeingeasilyuprooted.Swollengallsalsoformonroots;gallsincreaseinsizefromyeartoyearandaresiteswherefungicanattack.Aphidfeedingontherootsystemsalsodisruptsthenutrientbalanceofroottissue,whichcanaffectgrowthofotherpartsofthetree.Rootstocksvaryinsusceptibilitytowoollyappleaphidandsusceptiblerootstockswillformgallsaroundtheinfestationsites.TheMM.111orMM.106rootstockserieshassomeresistance,buttheG.41,G.213,G.214,G.22,G.202,G.210,G.890,G.969haveevenhigherlevelsofresistance.RootstocksappearingmoresusceptibletowoollyappleaphidinfestationincludeB.9,M.9,andM.26.Itisrelativelyeasytofindwherethecolonieshaveformed.Whenmonitoringforwoollyappleaphid,examinefourpruningscarsoneachof5scaffoldlimbspertree.Carefullyexaminewoollyappleaphidcoloniestodetermineifliveaphidsarepresent.Predators,suchasladybeetles,syrphidflylarvae(Figure5),andlacewinglarvaecancompletelydestroythecolony,butthewaxyresiduewillremain.Whenexaminingcolonies,blowhardonthebranchtoremovethewaxyfilamentstorevealliveaphids.Treatmentsforwoollyappleaphidarerecommendedwhen10%ofthepruning/egglayingscarsareinfestedwithlivecolonies.Therearefewinsecticidesspecificallylabeledforcontrolofwoollyappleaphid.Admire,Beleaf,Closer,Diazinon(commercialuseonly),Movento,PQZ,andVersysarerecommendedforcontrolofabove-groundinfestations.

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Figure 5. Natural enemies, like this syrphid fly larva, play a key role in keeping wooly apple aphid numbers low. (Photo: Ric Bessin, UKY)

Kentucky Fruit Grower Retail Prices for 2019By Chris Smigell, UK Extension Associate for Small Fruits & Vegetables and John Strang, UK Extension Fruit Specialist KentuckygrowersthatparticipateintheNoninsuredCropDisasterAssistanceProgram(NAP)arerequiredtoprovidetheircroppricesandyieldsfromprioryearstotheirFarmServiceAgencyoffice(FSA)tocalculatetheassistancefundingthattheyreceive.Ifagrowerdoesnotsupplytheseprices,nationalwholesalepricesareused,whicharesubstantiallylowerthanwhatKentuckygrowerstypicallyreceiveintheretailmarket.TheKentuckyStateFSAofficeacceptsaverageKentuckyfruitpricesprovidedbyU.K.ExtensionifaKentuckygrowerdoesnothavehistoricalpricerecords.BelowaretheresultsofKentuckygroweron-farmmarketandfarmers’marketpricesfor2019.Thepricesshownintables1and4areretailmarketfruitpricescombininggroweron-farmmarketand*farmers’marketprices.Thesetableslistaveragetree-andsmallfruitprices-aswellasthehighestandlowestpricesreportedaspricesper-unitandper-pound.Tables2and5showaveragetreeandsmallfruitpricesper-unitandper-pound,allowingcomparisonsbetween2019,2018and2017.Table3showsaverage,lowandhighappleciderpricesfor2019,2018and2017.Generally,thehighestpriceswereobtainedfromLexington,LouisvilleandBowlingGreenareafarmers’marketreports.The2019averagepricesincreasedfrom2018(Tables2and5)forapples,peaches,blackberries,blueberries,raspberriesandmattedrowstrawberries,butdecreasedforpears,plums,plasticulturestrawberriesandapplecider.TheNAPprogramprovidesfinancialassistancetoproducersofnon-insurablecropsthathavesignedupfortheprogramwhenlowyields/grazingloss,lossofinventoryorpreventedplantingoccurduetonaturaldisastersincludingdrought,freeze,hail,excessivemoisture,excessivewindorhurricanes.Moreinformationcanbefoundat:https://www.fsa.usda.gov/state-offices/Kentucky/index

*Farmersmarketpricereportscanbefoundat:https://www.uky.edu/ccd/pricereports/KYFM

North American Raspberry & Blackberry

Association Grower Pricing Survey

ResearchersattheNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,incollaborationwiththeNorthAmericanRaspberry&BlackberryAssociation(NARBA)andtheUniversityofArkansasareconductingasurveytolearnmoreaboutcaneberrypricingandretailstrategiesfor2020,aswellastheimpactsofCOVID-19.Informationcollectedinthesurveywillbeusedtogainabetterunderstandingofthemarketing,pricing,andsalesstrategiescurrentlybeingusedbycaneberryproducersacrosstheUnitedStatesandCanada.ResultswillbepublishedintheNorthAmericanRaspberryandBlackberryAssociation’s(NARBA)membernewsletter.Areportwillalsobeemailedtoallparticipantswhorequestthisoption.Thesurveyshouldonlytakearound10minutestocomplete.Yourparticipationiscompletelyvoluntary.Yourresponseswillberecordedanonymouslyandnoidentifyingpersonalinformationwillbecollectedwithinthesurvey.Youarefreetorefusetoparticipateintheresearchandtostopcompletingthesurveyatanytime.ThissurveyclosesMonday,June22.Thankyouforyourparticipation!

Toaccessthesurvey,pleaseclickhere:https://ncsu.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_cIVQbVyaGsI23BP

Ifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutthesurveyitself,pleasecontactDr.DanielTregeaglebyemailattregeagle@ncsu.eduorbyphoneat919-515-6091.Inaddition,youcancontacttheNCStateIRBOfficeviaemailatirb-director@ncsu.eduorviaphoneat919-515-8754.YoumayalsocontactNARBAbyemailat

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info@raspberryblackberry.com,orbyphoneat919-542-4037.

Consider These Digital Wallet Options for Credit Card PaymentsFrom the KCARD website Thenameofthegamethesedaysissocialdistance.Sohowdoyouacceptpaymentsfromcustomerswithoutgettingcloserthan6feetorhavingtohandlecash?Digitalwalletsarefinancialaccountsthatallowuserstostorefunds,maketransactions,andtrackpaymenthistoriesbycomputerorphone.Herearesomeofthemostpopularoptionsthatwillallowyoutotakepaymentswithouthavingtogetacreditcardreader(andsomethatconnectwithSquare).

Venmo(https://venmo.com)Afreedigitalwalletappthatallowsyoutosendorreceivemoneyeasily.Youlinkyourbankaccountordebitorcreditcardtosendorreceivemoney.Ontheappyouwillcreateausernamethatyourcustomerscanusetofindyou.Oncecustomerssendmoney,Venmowillholdthemoneyinyourprofileuntilyoutransferthemoneyintoyourbankaccount.Fees:$0iflinkedtoyourbankaccount,3%iflinkedtoyourcreditcard.

PayPal(https://www.paypal.com/us/home)Asecurewaytosendorreceivepayments.Youcanlinkbankaccounts,debitcards,andcreditcardstoyourPayPalaccounttotransfermoney.UsingPayPalallowscustomerstopaywithPayPal,Venmo,andmajorcreditanddebitcards.YoucanalsotrackandsendinvoicesthroughPayPal.Fees:2.7%feepercardswipesale,3.5%+$0.15forkeyed-insale,2.9%+$0.30feepertransactionforonlinepayments.FacebookPay(https://pay.facebook.com/)AwaytomakepaymentsonFacebook.YouenteryourpaymentaccountinformationonceandthenuseFacebookPay.SimplylinkaPayPalaccount,creditordebitcardtosendandreceivemoney.

Facebook Pay(https://pay.facebook.com/)AwaytomakepaymentsonFacebook.YouenteryourpaymentaccountinformationonceandthenuseFacebookPay.SimplylinkaPayPalaccount,creditordebitcardtosendandreceivemoney.FacebookPayis

integratedwithFacebookandFacebookMessenger.FrauddetectionandpersonalizedPINforyourdeviceworktogethertopreventunauthorizedtransactions.RequiresanactiveFacebookaccount.Fees:None.

Apple Pay(https://www.apple.com/apple-pay/) AllowsyoutosendandreceivemoneywithAppleusers.ReceivedmoneyiskeptinAppleCashuntiltransferringtoyourbankaccountordebitcardassociatedwithyouraccount.Addabankaccount,credit,ordebitcardtoyourAppleWallettochoosefromwhenmakingapayment.ApplePaycanalsobeusedthroughSquaresoftwarewiththecontactlesspaymentmethod,meaningcustomerscanholdtheirdevicenearthepaymentreadertopay.Toacceptthesepayments,youmusthaveacontactlesscardreader,whichcanbepurchasedandusedwithSquareSoftware.Fees:1%feeforinstanttransfertoadebitcard.

Google Pay(https://pay.google.com/about/)Awaytopayonline,inapps,andinstoresusingthecardssavedtoyourassociatedGoogleAccount.GooglePaymayalsobedownloadedintheAppleAppstore,makingitaccessibleforbothAppleandGooglephoneusers.GooglePayisalsoacceptedinstoresthroughthecontactlesspaymentmethod.Toacceptthesepayments,youmusthaveacontactlesscardreaderwhichcanbepurchasedandusedwithSquareSoftware.Fees:None.Toreadtheentirearticle,https://www.kcard.info/news2/2020/4/17/new-methods-of-accepting-payments-online

An IPM Scouting Guide for Common Problems of Peach in Kentucky (ID-260)By Cheryl Kaiser, Plant Pathology Extension Support and Nicole Gauthier, Plant Pathology Extension Specialist

ScoutingandmonitoringcropstodeterminepotentialproblemsbeforetheyresultinseriouseconomiclossiskeytotheIntegratedPestManagement(IPM)approach.ThisIPMguidewasdesignedtoaidintheidentificationofcommonproblemsencounteredinpeachplantingsinKentucky.Diseases,insects,weeds,abioticdisorders,andwildlifedamagearediscussed.Descriptionsareaccompaniedbyoneormorecolorimages,aswellasbriefmanagementcomments.

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ThispublicationistheresultofacollaborativeeffortbetweenUKExtensionSpecialistsinPlantPathology,Entomology,Horticulture,andForestry(wildlife).AnIPMScoutingGuideforCommonProblemsofPeachinKentucky(ID-260-http://www2.ca.uky.edu/agcomm/pubs/ID/ID260/ID260.pdf)isavailableonline.Thepeachscoutwebsiteforuseonyourphoneortabletisavailableathttps://peachscout.ca.uky.edu/.

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thank you! To All Essential Workers for Everthing You Have

Done for Everyone!