kenya – physical characteristicskenya – physical characteristics located on the east coast of...
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East and Southern Africa
Kenya – Physical Characteristics
Located on the east coast of Africa
Equator runs through it so very hot
Most of Kenya’s people live in the fertile highlands in the SW
Lake Victoria is located in the western part
Kenya – Understanding the Past
British rule began in 1890s, two groups lost their power Masai – herders, Kikuyu
British built a railroad from the coast to Lake Victoria Nairobi was built on the line and grew quickly
Kikuyu went to war against British in 1950s Kenya emerged from British rule in 1963
Kenya – Economic Activities
First president, Jomo Kenyatta, encouraged harambee, which means pulling together
Economic growth mostly in agriculture Cash crops – coffee and tea
Basic crops are sold to countries in Europe Many Kenyans suffer from malnutrition
Kenya – Government and Citizenship
Peaceful country until 1980s when a growing population couldn’t find work or be fed
Many Kenyans blamed Daniel arap Moi, the president for their troubles Demonstrated for political reform
He eventually allowed multiparty elections and stepped down in 2002 – Mwai Kibaki won
Kenya
The Horn of Africa
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia
Locations near oil supplies of Middle East and shipping lanes of Red Sea and Gulf of Aden
Located at the midpoint between Europe and Southeast Asia
The Horn of Africa
Djibouti – vital link between Ethiopia and the sea Income comes from ports on Gulf of Aden and Red Sea Civil War in 1991, peace in 2000
Ethiopia – one of the oldest countries in Africa Droughts in 1984 and 1986 brought famine to country War with Somalia and civil war has hurt Ethiopia Somali Refugees in Ethiopia
Eritrea – won its independence from Ethiopia in 1991 Subsistence farming and herding main economic activities Eritrea - Djibouti Border War
Somalia – gained independence in 1960 Border wars, ethnic conflict, and drought has prevented a
unified nation
Sudan
Largest African nation in area
Mostly desert in the northern part of the country Muslim Arabs live in the north
Southern region is full of plains and a swamp area Different African ethnic groups live in the south
Fighting has occurred consistently since Sudan became independent in 1956
Sudan Today
Landlocked Countries
Uganda – west of Kenya, mostly a fertile plateau Civil War in 1960s and 1970s Became democratic government in mid-1980s
Rwanda and Burundi – ethnocracies One ethnic group rules over other ethnic groups Rwanda – 80% Hutu, 20% Tutsi (Watusi) Civil War in 1994 between the groups Rwanda today Burundi – 14% Tutsi but control army so retain power Rwandan Economy
Tanzania
East of Rwanda and Burundi
Hot and humid coastal lands, cool highlands, varied terrain around Lake Victoria, dry central plains
Many minerals below surface and very fertile soil Poor development has caused it to be very
poor
Tanzania Albinos
South Africa – A Country Divided by Race
Minority Rule – 75% black, 14% white Government and much of the land was controlled by the
white minority
Migration Into African Lands – Europeans in the 1600s Dutch, German, then French – known as Afrikaners British arrived, fought Afrikaners and forced a treaty Combined colony of English-speaking settlers and
Afrikaners
Migration Into White Lands – post independence in 1961 Africans began moving to cities for jobs Inexpensive energy source, capital, connection with
England, and work force allowed economy to become one of the best
South Africa – Artificial Regions
Attempts at Control White govt. worried about black migration to
cities Government forced blacks onto a small % of land Apartheid – nonwhite South Africans were forced
to live apart from whites
International Backlash South Africa’s trade partners placed economic
sanctions against them Bans people from investing in South African
industries as well as the import of South African products
South Africa – Government and Citizenship
Moving Toward Majority Rule 1989 new president F.W. de Klerk made changes He released Nelson Mandela from prison 1990-1991 apartheid laws were repealed Nelson Mandela elected president in 1994
Looking Ahead New constitution was certified in 1996 South Africa
Malawi and Botswana
Southern Africa
Malawi – located on western shore of Lake Nyasa Many migrant workers who work in South Africa Fertile land and an excellent water supply, crowded Jacaranda School
Botswana – borders South Africa to the north Less dependent on South Africa Arid country, sparsely populated Wealthier than Malawi Botswana
Angola and Mozambique
Angola – west coast of Africa Once was a Portuguese colony, independent in 1975 Set up a communist economic system UNITA raged a war against the new government, backed by South
Africa to help end communism With the death of UNITA’s leader, peace in 2002 Oil exports have helped the economy grow recently Angola War Legacy
Mozambique – east coast of Africa Once was a Portuguese colony, independent in 1975 Set up a communist economic system Rebel group named Renamo fought the new government, backed
by South Africa to help end communism Civil finally ended and a political settlement was reached Plenty of natural resources and labor has helped the economy
grow Maputo, Mozambique
Zambia and Zimbabwe
Zambia – located in center of Southern Africa Part of Copperbelt in Zambia allows for revenue Price of copper fell in 1980s and 1990s and country
became very poor Mining in Zambia
Zimbabwe – located south of Zambia Became independent in 1980, elected Robert Mugabe Most land owned by white farmers Slowly land was redistributed, Mugabe seized lands in
2000 and gave them to black Zimbabweans Violence erupted, peace was lost, and unemployment
rose Zimbabwe Land Reform