key elements of certification of good forest management 12/12/02 presentation prepared by pierre...
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Key elements of certification of good forest management
12/12/02
Presentation prepared by Pierre Hauselmann
For the WB/WWF Alliance
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Links and keywords
• Links with other instruments– System/performance, Hierarchical framework, Certification - how
it works, Survival guide, Standards in the FSC system, Standard setting instrument, Structure filter,
• Keywords– Indicator, ISO & ISO 14001, norm, participation, performance
approach, principle, sustainable development, system approach, trade rules (WTO), verifier
• Copyrights– Key elements of certification: © 2001 WB / WWF Alliance
– The PathFinder background picture:
© WWF-Canon / Michèle Dépraz
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Objective
• to review key concepts and definitions related to certification of good forest management
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How did certification of good forest management start?
• 1980s Alarming rate of tropical forest destruction lead to the promotion of tropical timber boycotts
• 1989 Smartwood started the 1st programme of good forest management in USA
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Why and when did FSC appear?
• Early 90s The proliferation of unverified claims on sustainable forest management was evident– made necessary the creation of an accreditation
organisation to ensure• the quality and the credibility of good forest
management certificates
• 1993 The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) was established
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Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
• Is an international accreditation and
standardisation organisation
– Provides mutual recognition of certificates
within its accreditation system
– Its performance approach, linked with the
Chain of Custody certification, allows the use
of a label on the product
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Accreditation is defined by ISO as:
• Procedure by which an authoritative body gives formal recognition that a body or person is competent to carry out specific tasks– (ISO/IEC Guide 2: 13.7, 1991)
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Chain of Custody is defined by FSC as:
• The channel through which products are
distributed from their origin in the forest to
their end-use
– (FSC Principles and Criteria - Glossary)
See CoC manual for more on CoC
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Other schemes or systems
• FSC success has stimulated the development of other schemes/systems– the main are:
• PEFC in Europe
• SFI in USA
• CSA in Canada
• LEI in Indonesia
• FSC is currently the only global system
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Views on schemes/systems
• FSC– Opponents see FSC as dominated by NGOs– Generally little support from forest owners
associations
• Others– Opponents see them as dominated by interested
parties, e.g, forest owners associations– Almost no support from NGOs
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What is forest certification?
• An policy instrument to achieve environmental, social and economic objectives
• A voluntary measure that acts as an incentive to improve forest management in a holistic manner
Vallejo N & Hauselmann P 2000. Institutional requirements for forest certification, working paper 2, GTZ, Echborn
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Certification is defined by ISO as:
• Procedure by which a third party gives written assurance that a product, process or service conforms to specified requirements – (ISO/IEC Guide 2: 13.5.2, 1991)
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Which are the objectives?
• Two main objectives of forest certification are:
– to improve environmental, social and economic
quality of forest management, – to ensure market access for certified products
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What is forest certification about?
• Sharing power between stakeholders in the decision making about what is good forest management– Opening spaces for participation of local
communities, NGOs and others in policy making
– Disclosure of information about forest management
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How does certification work?
• Certification of forest management is a process by which:– an independent third party – assesses the forest management practices – to verify the fulfilment of a set of requirements
(standard)– within an specific management unit
See Certification, how it works for more on the certification process
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What are the outcomes?
• If the assessment is positive, a certificate is issued
• If there is a system for tracking the chain of custody,– A label can be applied informing consumers
that the timber in the product comes from a certified forest
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The elements of certification
• Certification is an assemblage of different types of operations: accreditation, standardisation and certification per se, + Chain of custody (CoC) certification– Avoiding this distinction often leads to
attempts to compare institutions that are not comparable
• forest certification falls within the framework of environmental declarations– Particularly true in case of CoC certification
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Standard is defined by ISO as:
• Document, established by consensus and
approved by a recognised body, that
provides rules, guidelines or characteristics
for activities or their results, aimed at the
achievement of the optimum degree of
order in a given context – (ISO/IEC Guide 2: 3.2, 1991)
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What are some of the main characteristics of forest
• They should be
– locally accepted by all main stakeholders
– compatible with globally agreed principles
certification standards?
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Sources
• Accreditation, standardisation and certification are distinct operations– Standards and guides have been drawn up by
the International Organization for Standardization - ISO
• Standardisation and conformity assessment can have impact on trade– World Trade Organization - WTO has also set
rules on standardisation and conformity assessment
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Sources
• Environmental declarations– ISO standards and rules apply
• International environmental policy in the form of soft/hard Laws – Sustainable development– International Conventions (CBD)
• Expectations of public interest groups– NGOs, consumers org.
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Conclusion
• For an in depth analysis of sources and
their impact on forest certification, please
refer to GTZ’s institutional requirements
for forest certification