keynote address russell s. peak, phd associate director & senior researcher

1Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.

A Thing or Two about A Thing or Two about Information Management and Information Management and Component-based Knowledge GraphsComponent-based Knowledge GraphsWith Applications to After-SalesWith Applications to After-Sales

www.sorman.com

Keynote AddressKeynote Address

Russell S. Peak, PhDRussell S. Peak, PhDAssociate Director & Senior Researcher

Product & Systems Lifecycle Mgt. Center

www.pslm.gatech.edu


SynopsisSynopsis

AbstractModels confront us constantly in both obvious and not-so-obvious ways. This talk highlights key concepts to effectively handle such models -- both on the job and in everyday life -- with examples from Dr. Seuss, high school physics, and airframes -- and points in between. We conclude with implications for the aftermarket.

Speaker BiosketchSince joining the Georgia Tech research faculty in 1996, Russell S. Peak has led a variety of R&D efforts including sponsored projects in aerospace, automotive, and electronics. Dr. Peak specializes in information technology and knowledge-based methods for complex systems, including applications to product lifecycle management (PLM) and simulation.

CitationRS Peak (2007) A Thing or Two about Information Management and Component-based Knowledge Graphs With Applications to After-Sales. Keynote Address. Sorman After-Sales Conference. Frankfurt. http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2007-sac-peak/


1st Industrial and Systems Engineering

3rd Biomedical Engineering

4th Aerospace Engineering

4th Civil Engineering

7th Computer Engineering

7th Electrical Engineering

7th Mechanical Engineering

7th Environmental Engineering

Served as Olympic

Village for 10,000+

athletes/staff

Foundedin

Atlanta

Faculty5 Professors

5 Shop Supervisors

Students129 undergrads in

MechanicalEngineering

Georgia Tech Fun FactsGeorgia Tech Fun Facts1885 1903 1948 1996 2007

First full-time football coach

JohnHeisman

RenamedGeorgia

Institute ofTechnology

Graduate SchoolRankings


Georgia Tech Enrollment (2005)Georgia Tech Enrollment (2005)

UndergraduateArchitecture 748Computing 919Engineering 6,989Liberal Arts 761Management 1,168Sciences 1,039Undeclared 217 Total 11,841

GraduateArchitecture 340Computing 496Engineering 3,189Liberal Arts 260Management 241Sciences 768

Total 5,294

Degrees Conferred Bachelor’s Master’s PhD

Architecture 137 105 4Computing 305 133 25Engineering 1,372 838 250Liberal Arts 169 82 8Management 345 140 3Sciences 184 102 65

Institute Total 2,512 1,400 355


Prof. Steven DanylukDirector

Georgia TechGeorgia TechManufacturing Research CenterManufacturing Research Center


• Sample Application Domains– Factory design & simulation– Fluid power systems– Mechatronics & electronics

• SysE - MCAD/E - ECAD/E - SWE testbeds• Circuit board warpage

• Sample Research and Enabling Technologies– Set-based design– Knowledge patterns for simulation-based design (SBD) – SysML and composable objects (COBs)

• Applications to SBD templates & CAD-CAE interoperability

Product & Systems Product & Systems Lifecycle Management CenterLifecycle Management Center

Defining next-gen. systems-of-systems (SoS) and product lifecycle management (PLM).

www.pslm.gatech.edu


ContentsContents

• Information Management Principles – Fundamental Things– Intermediate / Advanced Concepts

• Knowledge Graphs and Component-based Modeling– SysML and Composable Objects (COBs)– Patterns for Simulation Templates

With Applications to After-SalesWith Applications to After-Sales


Information Management FundamentalsInformation Management Fundamentals

• Principle 1: Existence




• Principle 1: Existence– No Thing– Some Thing– Some Things



After-Sales ApplicationsAfter-Sales Applications

Symptom: No Things

What to Fix: Some Things

But Specifically What Things?




• Principle 2: Identity


Cat in the HatCat in the Hat

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cat_in_the_Hat

Published in 1957

Non-conventional reading primer

#9 of US“Top 10 Best Selling

Children’s Books”

1626 words total

236 unique words 54 occur exactly once 33 occur exactly twice

Only “another” has three syllables 14 have two syllables 221 are monosyllabic

Longest words: “something” and playthings”

““I call them Thing OneI call them Thing Oneand Thing Two ...”and Thing Two ...”

A+



Thing 1

Thing 2

Thing 5Thing 3 Thing 4Thing 6

Specifying What to Fix [Version 1] ...



Wheel 1

Wheel 2

Hatch 5Door 3 Door 4Light 6

Specifying What to Fix [Version 2] ...




• Principle 2: Identity

• Principle 3: Versioning



ContentsContents





Example Collective Systems ModelExample Collective Systems ModelA composition of std. & custom information modelsA composition of std. & custom information models

Mechanical Engineering• Standard: AP203, AP214• Software Pro-E, Cadds, SolidWorks, AutoCad, SDRC IDEAS, Unigraphics, others• Status: In Production• Aerospace Industry Wide, Automotive Industry

Electrical Engineering• Standard: AP210• Software Mentor Graphics• Status: Prototyped• Rockwell, Boeing

Cabling• Standard: AP212• Software MentorGraphics• Status: Prototyped• Daimler-Chrysler, ProSTEP

Structural Analysis• Standard: AP209• Software: MSC Patran, Thermal Desktop• Status: In Production• Lockheed Martin, Electric Boat

Thermal Radiation Analysis• Standard: STEP-TAS• Software: Thermal Desktop, TRASYS• Status: In Production• ESA/ESTEC, NASA/JPL & Langely

Software Engineering• Standard::UML - (AP233 interface In Development)

• Software:Rational Rose, Argo, All-Together• Status: In Production• Industry-wide

Machining• Standard:: STEP-NC/AP224•Software:: Gibbs, •Status:: In Development / Prototyped•STEP-Tools, Boeing

Inspection• Standard: AP219• Software: Technomatics, Brown, eSharp • Status: In Development• NIST, CATIA, Boeing, Chrysler, AIAG

Systems Engineering• Standard: AP233• Software: Statemate, Doors, Matrix-X, Slate, Core, RTM• Status: In development / Prototyped• BAE SYSTEMS, EADS, NASA

PDM• Standard: STEP PDM Schema/AP232• Software: MetaPhase, Windchill, Insync• Status: In Production • Lockheed Martin, EADS, BAE SYSTEMS, Raytheon

Life-Cycle Management• Standard: PLCS• Software: SAP• Status: In Development• BAE SYSTEMS, Boeing, Eurostep

Fluid Dynamics• Standard: CFD• Software -• Status: In Development• Boeing,

Optics• Standard: NODIF• Software - TBD• Minolta, Olympus

Propulsion• Standard: STEP-PRP• Software:-• Status: In Development• ESA, EADS

Spacecraft Development

Adapted from 2001-12-16 - Jim U’Ren, NASA-JPL


Model-Centric FrameworkModel-Centric Framework

Tool A1

Collective Systems ModelMeta-Building Blocks: • Information models & meta-models

• International standards• Industry specs• Corporate standards• Local customizations

• Modeling technologies:• Express, UML, SysML, COBs, OWL, XML, …

Tool Bj

Producer Tools

Enricher Tools

Produce, Merge, Enrich, ConsumeProduce, Merge, Enrich, Consume

Mechanical Engineering• Standard: AP203, AP214• Software Pro-E, Cadds, SolidWorks, AutoCad, SDRC IDEAS, Unigraphics, others• Status: In Production• Aerospace Industry Wide, Automotive Industry

Electrical Engineering• Standard: AP210• Software Mentor Graphics• Status: Prototyped• Rockwell, Boeing

Cabling• Standard: AP212• Software MentorGraphics• Status: Prototyped• Daimler-Chrysler, ProSTEP

Structural Analysis• Standard: AP209• Software: MSC Patran, Thermal Desktop• Status: In Production• Lockheed Martin, Electric Boat

Thermal Radiation Analysis• Standard: STEP-TAS• Software: Thermal Desktop, TRASYS• Status: In Production• ESA/ESTEC, NASA/JPL & Langely

Software Engineering• Standard::UML - (AP233 interface In Development)

• Software:Rational Rose, Argo, All-Together• Status: In Production• Industry-wide

Machining• Standard:: STEP-NC/AP224•Software:: Gibbs, •Status:: In Development / Prototyped•STEP-Tools, Boeing

Inspection• Standard: AP219• Software: Technomatics, Brown, eSharp • Status: In Development• NIST, CATIA, Boeing, Chrysler, AIAG

Systems Engineering• Standard: AP233• Software: Statemate, Doors, Matrix-X, Slate, Core, RTM• Status: In development / Prototyped• BAE SYSTEMS, EADS, NASA

PDM• Standard: STEP PDM Schema/AP232• Software: MetaPhase, Windchill, Insync• Status: In Production • Lockheed Martin, EADS, BAE SYSTEMS, Raytheon

Life-Cycle Management• Standard: PLCS• Software: SAP• Status: In Development• BAE SYSTEMS, Boeing, Eurostep

Fluid Dynamics• Standard: CFD• Software -

• Status: In Development• Boeing,

Optics• Standard: NODIF• Software - TBD• Minolta, Olympus

Propulsion• Standard: STEP-PRP• Software:-

• Status: In Development• ESA, EADS

Spacecraft Development

Tool Ck

Consumer Tools

Tool An...

http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/journals/2004-jcise-peak/


Analyzable Product Models (APMs)Analyzable Product Models (APMs)[Tamburini, 1999; [Tamburini, 1999; http://eislab.gatech.edu/research/dai/http://eislab.gatech.edu/research/dai/]]

SolidModeler

MaterialsDatabase

FastenersDatabase

Design Applications Analysis Applications

FEA-BasedAnalysis

Formula-BasedAnalysis

Combineinformation

Add reusablemulti-fidelityidealizations

Analyzable Product Model(APM)

...Provide advanced access to design info needed by diverse analyses.

Support multi-directionality


Design-for-X (DFX) Analysis SystemDesign-for-X (DFX) Analysis Systemhttp://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/rci-sfm/http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/rci-sfm/

RCI DFXGuidelines

BoeingRDF

Rules DefinitionTool

RCI DFXRules Library

Simulation/AnalysisLibrary Mgt.

RCI - Rockwell Collins Inc. GIT - Georgia Tech UIUC - U. Illinois

ZukenVisula

DesignInformation

ECAD Tool

CADIF LKSoftCADIF-AP210

ModelIntegrators Standards-based

Repository

STEP AP210,STEP AP2xx,

Internal Schemas,etc.

Other Design Tools

ComponentPkg. Modeler

Mfg. Tools

ProcessPlanner

Mfg.Information

Design/Mfg. Model Mgt.

Other CAD/E/X Tools

BoeingREF

Rules ExecutionTool

DFX Analysis Results

GITRDD Model

Creator

ModelTransformer

AugmentedDesign/Mfg. Model

UIUCBrowser

DFX ResultsReviewer

Feedbackfor Design

Readiness / Changes

Simulation/AnalysisModel Execution & Mgt.

X = manufacturing, test, ...


Model-Centric Framework with Rodon/UpTimeModel-Centric Framework with Rodon/UpTime


Information Capture GapsInformation Capture Gaps

Tool A1 Tool An...

“dumb” information capturea. Computer-insensible (just human-sensible presentation)

and/orb. Missing highest-level intent

LegendContent

Coverage Gaps

ContentSemantic GapsExample computer-insensible “dumb” figures

Collective Systems Model

Content Coverage and Content SemanticsContent Coverage and Content Semantics


Circuit Board Design Enrichment Circuit Board Design Enrichment http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/nist-warpage/http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/nist-warpage/

2. XaiTools stackup model(via AP210)

2.a - as-imported(content gaps)

1. ECAD model

2.b - after specifying stackup design


Typical Semantic Gaps in MS Word ModelsTypical Semantic Gaps in MS Word ModelsSee http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/seminars-etc/2002-04-shinshu-peak/See http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/seminars-etc/2002-04-shinshu-peak/

WYSINWYG: What You See Is (Often) Not What You GetWYSIWYG: What You See Is What You Get ...


Sample Model-Centric FrameworkSample Model-Centric Frameworkhttp://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/nist-warpage/http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/nist-warpage/

Eagle

Producer Tools

MentorGraphics

ElectricalCAD Tools

AP210

Doors

Slate

Systems EngineeringTools

NX

CATIA

MechanicalCAD Tools

…

AP203, AP214 AP233, SysML

Collective Systems Model

XaiToolsPWA-B

Enricher Tools (Gap-Fillers)

XaiToolsPWA-B

Stackup Tool Warpage Simulation Tool

AP210 AP210+

Standards-based Submodels

XaiToolsXE

Consumer Tools


Information Management:Information Management:Intermediate/Advanced ConceptsIntermediate/Advanced Concepts

• Model-Centric Frameworks – Typical Patterns

• Collective system model• Produce, merge, enrich, consume

– Typical Issues/Gaps• Content coverage gaps• Content semantic gaps• Associativity gaps


e

se

tr

Pf

02

21

e

be

ht

PCf

),,( 13 hbrfK

Channel Fitting Analysis

Sample Associativity GapsSample Associativity Gaps

Analysis Model (with Idealized Features)

Detailed Design Model

Idealizations

1 : b = cavity3.inner_width + rib8.thickness/2 + rib9.thickness/2

“It is no secret that CAD models are driving more of today’s product development processes ... With the growing number of design tools on the market, however, the interoperability gap with downstream applications, such as finite element analysis, is a very real problem. As a result, CAD models are being recreated at unprecedented levels.” Ansys/ITI press Release, July 6 1999

http://www.ansys.com/webdocs/VisitAnsys/CorpInfo/PR/pr-060799.html

No explicit

fine-grained

CAD-CAE

associativity


~1 Million Associativity Gaps~1 Million Associativity Gapshttp://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2003-asme-detc-peak/http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2003-asme-detc-peak/

Categories of Gap Costs• Associativity time & labor - Manual maintenance - Little re-use - Lost knowledge• Inconsistencies• Limited analysis usage - Fewer parts analyzed - Fewer iterations per part• “Wrong” values - Too conservative: Extra part costs and performance inefficiencies - Too loose: Re-work, failures, law suits

e

se

tr

Pf

02

21

e

be

ht

PCf

),,( 13 hbrfK

Analysis Model(with Idealized Features)

Detailed Design Model

Channel Fitting Analysis

idealizations

No explicit

fine-grained

CAD-CAE

associativity

000,000,10$gap

$10 gaps000,000,1

gaps000,000,1analysis

variables 10

part

analyses 10parts 000,10

OOO

OOOO

Initial Cost Estimate per Complex Product (only for manual maintenance costs of structural analysis problems)


ContentsContents




Enhancing Education Using Enhancing Education Using Graph-based Knowledge RepresentationsGraph-based Knowledge Representations

Source: FS Cowan, M Usselman, D Llewellyn, A Gravitt (2003) Utilizing Constraint Graphs in High School Physics. Proc. ASEE Annual Conf. & Expo. http://www.cetl.gatech.edu/services/step/constraint.pdf

“I believe this will be helpful to others because I have been doing the same thing in my head to organize and understand the equations and to help me solve problems successfully.”[~Student Comment~]

Initial results with high school physics class: Students using knowledge graphs did 70% better

http://www.cetl.gatech.edu/services/step/constraint.pdf

http://www.cetl.gatech.edu/services/step/constraint.pdf


Product Development Knowledge GraphProduct Development Knowledge Graph

Source: Chris Paredis, 2004

Typical Current IssuesTypical Current Issues

RR

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

DesignersSuppliers

R

R

R

RR

R

R

R

RR

RR

R R

R

R

R

R

Manufacturing

AnalystsImplicit

Not Computer- interpretable

Not Interoperable

Coarse-grainedPDM

CAD1CAD2

FEM

ProcessPlanning

R


Next-Gen. PSLM Framework with Fine-Grain Knowledge Graphs Next-Gen. PSLM Framework with Fine-Grain Knowledge Graphs

Domain

Abs

trac

tion

Leve

l

Req

uire

men

ts

Str

uctu

res

Ele

ctro

nics

Hum

an In

tera

ctio

n

Systems Engineering

Models of varying abstractions and domains

Legend

Model interfaces:Associativities among domain-specific models & system-level models

Dev

elop

men

t P

roce

ss

…

Fine-grained models:Information objectsParametric relations

…

…

…

…

…

After Bajaj, Peak, & Waterbury2003-09

Customer /Acquisitions…


Analysis Tools

0.4375 in

0.5240 in

0.0000 in

2.440 in

1.267 in

0.307 in

0.5 in

0.310 in

2.088 in

1.770 in

67000 psi

65000 psi

57000 psi

52000 psi

39000 psi

0.067 in/in

0.030 in/in

5960 Ibs

1

10000000 psi

9.17

5.11

9.77

rear spar fitting attach point

BLE7K18

2G7T12U (Detent 0, Fairing Condition 1)

L29 -300

Outboard TE Flap, Support No 2;Inboard Beam, 123L4567

Bulkhead Fitting Joint

Program

Part

Feature

Channel FittingStatic Strength Analysis

Template

1 of 1Dataset

strength model

r1

e

b

h

tb

te

Pu

Ftu

E

r2

r0

a

FtuLT

Fty

FtyLT

epuLT

tw

MSwall

epu

jm

MSepb

MSeps


Fsu

IAS FunctionRef D6-81766

end pad

base

material

wall

analysis context

mode: (ultimate static strength)

condition:

heuristic: overall fitting factor, Jm

bolt

fitting

headradius, r1

hole radius, ro

width, b

eccentricity, e

thickness, teheight, h

radius, r2

thickness, tb

hole

thickness, twangled height, a

max allowable ultimate stress,

allowable ultimate long transverse stress,

max allowable yield stress,

max allowable long transverse stress,

max allowable shear stress,

plastic ultimate strain,

plastic ultimate strain long transverse,

young modulus of elasticity,

load, Pu

Ftu

Fty

FtyLT

Fsu

epu

epuLT

E

FtuLT

product structure (channel fitting joint)

Flexible High Diversity Design-Analysis Integration Phases 1-3 Airframe Examples:

“Bike Frame” / Flap Support Inboard Beam

Simulation Templates (CBAMs) of Diverse Feature:Mode, & Fidelity

Design Tools

Materials DBFEA

Elfini*MATDB-like

Analyzable Product Model

XaiTools

XaiTools

Fitting:Bending/Shear

3D

1.5D

Modular, ReusableTemplate Libraries

MCAD ToolsCATIA v4, v5

Lug:Axial/Oblique; Ultimate/Shear

1.5D

Assembly:Ultimate/

FailSafe/Fatigue*

* = Item not yet available in toolkit (all others have working examples)

diagonal brace lug jointj = top

0.7500 in

0.35 in

0.7500 in

1.6000 in

2

0.7433

14.686 K

2.40

4.317 K

8.633 K

k = norm

Max. torque brake settingdetent 30, 2=3.5º

7050-T7452, MS 7-214

67 Ksi

L29 -300


Diagonal Brace Lug Joint

Program

Part

Feature

Lug JointAxial Ultimate Strength Model

Template

j = top lugk = normal diameter (1 of 4)

Dataset

material

deformation model

max allowable ultimate stress, FtuL

effective width, W

analysis context

objective

mode (ultimate static strength)

condition

estimated axial ultimate strength

Margin of Safety(> case)

allowable

actual

MS

normal diameter, Dnorm

thickness, t

edge margin, e

Plug joint

size,n

lugs

lugj hole

diameters

product structure (lug joint)

r1

n

P jointlug

L [ j:1,n ]

Plug

L [ k]Dk

oversize diameter, Dover

D

PaxuW

e

t

Ftuax

Kaxu

Lug Axial UltimateStrength Model

BDM 6630

Fasteners DB

FASTDB-like

General Math Mathematica

In-HouseCodes

Image API(CATGEO);

VBScript

http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/boeing-psi/


diagonal brace lug jointj = top

0.7500 in

0.35 in

0.7500 in

1.6000 in

2

0.7433

14.686 K

2.40

4.317 K

8.633 K

k = norm

Max. torque brake settingdetent 30, 2=3.5º

7050-T7452, MS 7-214

67 Ksi

L29 -300


Diagonal Brace Lug Joint

Program

Part

Feature

Lug JointAxial Ultimate Strength Model

Template

j = top lugk = normal diameter (1 of 4)

Dataset

material

deformation model

max allowable ultimate stress, FtuL

effective width, W

analysis context

objective

mode (ultimate static strength)

condition

estimated axial ultimate strength


allowable

actual

MS

normal diameter, Dnorm

thickness, t

edge margin, e

Plug joint

size,n

lugs

lugj hole

diameters

product structure (lug joint)

r1

n

P jointlug

L [ j:1,n ]

Plug

L [ k]Dk

oversize diameter, DoverD

PaxuW

e

t

Ftuax

Kaxu

Lug Axial UltimateStrength Model

DM 6630

Lug Template Applied to an Airframe Analysis ProblemComposable Object (COB)-based constraint schematic - instance view

Solution Tool Interaction

Boundary Condition Objects(links to other analyses)

CAD-CAE Associativity (idealization usage)

Material Models

Model-based Documentation

Geometry

P KW

DDtFaxu axu tuax ( )1

Requirements

Legend: Annotations highlight model knowledge capture capabilities. Other notation is COB constraint schematics notation.

R

c

b

= f( c , b , R )W = f( R , D , )

axial direction

e

D

Classical C

OB

Notation [Peak, 1993; T

amburini, 1999; W

ilson, 2000]

CBAM


Fitting Analysis Template Applied to “Bike Frame” Bulkhead COB-based CBAM constraint schematic - instance view

0.4375 in

0.5240 in

0.0000 in

2.440 in

1.267 in

0.307 in

0.5 in

0.310 in

2.088 in

1.770 in

67000 psi

65000 psi

57000 psi

52000 psi

39000 psi

0.067 in/in

0.030 in/in

5960 Ibs

1

10000000 psi

9.17

5.11

9.77

bulkhead fitting attach point

LE7K18

2G7T12U (Detent 0, Fairing Condition 1)

L29 -300


Bulkhead Fitting Joint

Program

Part

Feature


Template

1 of 1Dataset

strength model

r1

e

b

h

tb

te

Pu

Ftu

E

r2

r0

a

FtuLT

Fty

FtyLT

epuLT

tw

MSwall

epu

jm

MSepb

MSeps


Fsu

IAS FunctionRef DM 6-81766

end pad

base

material

wall

analysis context

mode: (ultimate static strength)

condition:

heuristic: overall fitting factor, Jm

bolt

fitting

headradius, r1

hole radius, ro

width, b

eccentricity, e

thickness, teheight, h

radius, r2

thickness, tb

hole

thickness, twangled height, a

max allowable ultimate stress,

allowable ultimate long transverse stress,

max allowable yield stress,

max allowable long transverse stress,

max allowable shear stress,

plastic ultimate strain,

plastic ultimate strain long transverse,

young modulus of elasticity,

load, Pu

Ftu

Fty

FtyLT

Fsu

epu

epuLT

E

FtuLT

product structure (channel fitting joint)

e

se

tr

Pf

02

21

e

be

ht

PCf

),,( 13 hbrfK

18 associativity relations

COB = composable object

Classical C

OB

Notation [Peak, 1993; T

amburini, 1999; W

ilson, 2000]


Simulation-Based Design Knowledge RepresentationA Conceptual Framework for Modeling & Simulation

http://eislab.gatech.edu/research/dai/

Design Models Analysis ModelsOther Model Abstractions (Patterns)

Idealization & Associativity Relations

Product-Specific

Product-Independent

1 Solution Method Model

ABB SMM

2 Analysis Building Block

4 Context-Based Analysis Model3

SMMABB

APM ABB

CBAM

APM

Design Tools Solution Tools

Printed Wiring Assembly (PWA)

Solder Joint

Component

PWB

Solder Joint

Component

PWB

body3body2

body1

body4

T0

body3body2

body1

body4

T0

Printed Wiring Board (PWB)

SolderJoint Component



AnalyzableProduct Model

i

Multi-Representation Architecture (MRA)



ABB SMM



SMMABB

APM ABB

CBAM

APM



Solder Joint

Component

PWB

Solder Joint

Component

PWB

body3body2

body1

body4

T0

body3body2

body1

body4

T0






i

http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2003-asme-detc-peak/

Preliminary Characterization of CAD-CAE Interoperability ProblemEstimated quantities for all structural analyses of a complex system (airframe)

Design Models Analysis ModelsOther Model Abstractions (Patterns)

Idealization & Associativity Relations

O(100) tools

O(10K) template types and O(100K) template instances

O(100) building blocks

O(10K) relevant parts

http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2003-asme-detc-peak/



ABB SMM



SMMABB

APM ABB

CBAM

APM



Solder Joint

Component

PWB

Solder Joint

Component

PWB

body3body2

body1

body4

T0

body3body2

body1

body4

T0






i

Preliminary Characterization of CAD-CAE Interoperability Problem Estimated quantities for all structural analyses of a complex system (airframe) - cont.

O(100K) template instances containingO(1M) associativity relations

associativity gap = computer-insensible relation ~1M gaps

CAD-CAE associativity relations are represented as APM-ABB relations, APMABB , inside CBAMs


Primary website http://www.omgsysml.org/

SysML focus at Georgia Tech http://www.pslm.gatech.edu/topics/sysml/

What is SysML?What is SysML?

“The OMG Systems Modeling Language is a visual modeling language for systems engineering applications. SysML supports the specification, analysis, design, verification, and validation of a broad range of systems and systems-of-systems. These systems may include hardware, software, information, processes, personnel, and facilities.”

SpringSpringSystemSystemExampleExample

(c) TwoSpringSystem parametric diagram.

spring1: LinearSpring

springConstant: N/mm = 5.50

start: = 0

end:

undeformedLength: mm = 8.00

totalElongation:

force:

length:

bc3:

spring2: LinearSpring

springConstant: N/mm = 6.00

start:

end:

undeformedLength: mm = 8.00

totalElongation:

force:

length:

bc2: bc5:

{u2 = dL2 – u1}

bc6: u2Eqn

dL2: u2:u1:

deformation2:

bc4: load:

deformation1:

par [block] TwoSpringSystem [Definition view]

bdd [package] springSystems [Analytical spring tutorial]

«abb»TwoSpringSystem

values

deformation1: DistanceMeasuredeformation2: DistanceMeasureload: ForceMeasure

«abb»LinearSpring

values

undeformedLength: LengthMeasurespringConstant: ForcePerLengthMeasurestart: DistanceMeasureend: DistanceMeasurelength: DistanceMeasuretotalElongation: DistanceMeasureforce: ForceMeasure

spring2

(a) Analytical springs tutorial block definition diagram.

spring1

{F = k * dL}

r3: ForceEqn

k: F:dL:

springConstant:

undeformedLength:

{dL = L – L0}

r2: deltaLengthEqn

dL: L:L0:

force:

length:

(b) LinearSpring parametric diagram.

totalElongation:

{L = x2 – x1}

r1: LengthEqn

x1: L:x2:

start:

end:

par [block] LinearSpring [Definition view]

FF

k

L

deformed state

Lo

L

x2x1

P

k1 k2

2u1u

SysML DiagramsSysML Diagrams

INCOSE Symposium 2007 papers - http://www.pslm.gatech.edu/topics/sysml/

Copyright © Sörman Information & Media AB

The Generations of Modeling Paradigms

• 3rd Generation: Component-Based Model

One model – Multiple scenarios

Failures – Multiple combinationsof structural changes

energy


Design-Simulation Knowledge GraphDesign-Simulation Knowledge GraphFlap Linkage Model—A Benchmark Design-Analysis ExampleFlap Linkage Model—A Benchmark Design-Analysis Example

Material Model ABB:

Continuum ABBs:

E

One D LinearElastic Model

T

G

e

t

material model

polar moment of inertia, J

radius, r

undeformed length, Lo

twist,

theta start, 1

theta end, 2

r1

12

r3

0L

r

J

rTr

torque, Tr

x

TT

G, r, , ,J

Lo

y

material model

temperature, T

reference temperature, To

force, F

area, A


total elongation,L

length, L

start, x1

end, x2

E


(no shear)

T

e

t

r1

12 xxL

r2

oLLL

r4

A

F

edb.r1

oTTT

r3

L

L

x

FF

E, A,

LLo

T, ,

yL

Torsional Rod

Extensional Rod

temperature change,T

cte,

youngs modulus, E

stress,

shear modulus, G

poissons ratio,

shear stress, shear strain,

thermal strain, t

elastic strain, e

strain,

r2

r1)1(2

EG

r3

r4Tt

Ee

r5

G

te

1D Linear Elastic Model

material

effective length, Leff

linear elastic model

Lo

Extensional Rod(isothermal)

F

L

A

L

E

x2

x1

youngs modulus, E

cross section area, A

al1

al3

al2

linkage

mode: shaft tension

condition reaction

allowable stress

stress mos model


allowable

actual

MS

Analysis Templatesof Diverse Behavior & Fidelity

(CBAMs)MCAD Tools

Materials LibrariesIn-House, ...

FEAAnsys

Abaqus*

CATIA Elfini*

MSC Nastran*

MSC Patran*

NX Nastran*

...

General MathMathematica

Matlab*

MathCAD*

...


Extension

Torsion

1D

1D

Analysis Building Blocks(ABBs)

CATIA, NX,Pro/E*, ...

Analysis Solvers(via SMMs)

Design Tools

2D

flap_link

critical_section

critical_simple

t2f

wf

tw

hw

t1f

area

effective_length

critical_detailed

stress_strain_model linear_elastic

E

cte area

wf

tw

hw

tf

sleeve_1

b

h

t

b

h

t

sleeve_2

shaft

rib_1

material

rib_2

w

t

r

x

name

t2f

wf

tw

t1f

cross_section

w

t

r

x

R3

R2

R1

R8

R9

R10

6R

R7

R12

11R

1R

2

3

4

5

R

R

R

R

name

linear_elastic_model

wf

tw

tf

inter_axis_length

sleeve_2

shaft

material

linkage

sleeve_1

w

t

r

E

cross_section:basic

w

t

rL

ws1

ts1

rs2

ws2

ts2

rs2

wf

tw

tf

E

deformation model

x,max

ParameterizedFEA Model

stress mos model


allowable

actual

MS

ux mos model


allowable

actual

MS

mode: tensionux,max

Fcondition reaction

allowable inter axis length change

allowable stress

ts1

B

sleeve1

B ts2

ds2

ds1

sleeve2

L

shaft

Leff

s

rib1 rib2

material


deformation model


Lo

Torsional Rod

G

J

r

2

1

shear modulus, G

cross section:effective ring polar moment of inertia, J

al1

al3

al2a

linkage

mode: shaft torsion

condition reactionT

outer radius, ro al2b

stress mos model

allowable stress

twist mos model


allowable

actual

MS


allowable

actual

MS

allowabletwist

Linkage Extensional Model

Linkage Plane Stress Model

Linkage Torsional Model* = Item not yet available in toolkit—all others have working examples 2007-04

Parts LibrariesIn-House*, ...

LegendTool AssociativityObject Re-use



Flap Linkage Design ModelFlap Linkage Design ModelSysML Block Definition Diagram (bdd) - basic viewSysML Block Definition Diagram (bdd) - basic view

v. 2007-04-19

bdd [package] flapLinkageApm [Basic view]

PhysicalPart

FlapLinkage TaperedBeam

CrossSection

BasicISection

FilletedTaperedISection

TaperedISection

Point Sleeve Rib

Material Hole

hole

sleeve1 sleeve2 rib1 rib2origin

material

shaft

criticalCrossSection

basic tapered

design

ts1

B

sleeve1

B

ts2

ds2

ds1

sleeve2

L

shaft

Leff

s

rib1 rib2

red = idealized parameter


Flap Linkage Design ModelFlap Linkage Design ModelSysML Parametric Diagram (par)SysML Parametric Diagram (par)

par [block] FlapLinkage [Definition view: primary design and idealization relations]

mechanicalBehaviorModels:

material:

yieldStress:

name:

criticalCrossSection:

design:

flangeTaperAngle:

flangeWidth:

shaft:

linearElastic:

youngsModulus:

poissonsRatio:

iSection.webHeight:

sleeve1:

wallThickness:

outerDiameter:

innerDiameter:

origin:

x:

y:

z:

width:

crossSection:

diameter:

radius:

area:

hole:

{Leff = L - (rhs1 + rhs2)}

pir1: LeffEqn

rhs1: rhs2:

{tr2 = wtd}

pr6: tr2Eqn

tr2:wtd:

L:

{dLa = dLaf * Leff}

pir4: dLaEqn

dLa: Leff:

dLaf:

{tha = thaf * Leff}

pir3: thaEqn

tha: Leff:

thaf:

{hr1 = (ws1 - wtd) / 2}

pr3: hr1Eqn

ws1: hr1:wtd:

taperAngle:

length:

shearModulus:

rib1:

thickness:

base:

height:

{tr1 = wtd}

pr5: tr1Eqn

tr1: wtd:{htotd =

ods1}

pir2: htotdEqn

ods1:

htotd:

{ys1 = y0}

pr1: ys1Eqn

ys1:y0:

origin:

x:

y:

z:

rib2:

thickness:

base:

height: {hr2 = (ws2 - wtd) / 2}

pr4: hr2Eqn

hr2: ws2:wtd:

{ys2 = ys1 + L}

pr2: ys2Eqn

L:ys1:

sleeve2:

wallThickness:

outerDiameter:

innerDiameter:

origin:

y:

x:

z:

width:

crossSection:

diameter:

radius:

area:

hole:

ys2:

totalHeight:

area:webThickness:

iSection.flangeThickness:

flangeFilletRadius:

flangeTaperThickness:

flangeBaseThickness:

partNumber:

description:

designer:

interAxisLength:

effectiveLength:

allowableInterAxisLengthChange:

allowableInterAxisLengthChangeFactor:

allowableTwist:

allowableTwistFactor:

Leff:

ts1

B

sleeve1

B

ts2

ds2

ds1

sleeve2

L

shaft

Leff

s

rib1 rib2



Design-Simulation Knowledge GraphDesign-Simulation Knowledge GraphFlap Linkage Model—A Benchmark Design-Analysis ExampleFlap Linkage Model—A Benchmark Design-Analysis Example

Material Model ABB:

Continuum ABBs:

E


T

G

e

t

material model

polar moment of inertia, J

radius, r


twist,

theta start, 1

theta end, 2

r1

12

r3

0L

r

J

rTr

torque, Tr

x

TT

G, r, , ,J

Lo

y

material model

temperature, T

reference temperature, To

force, F

area, A


total elongation,L

length, L

start, x1

end, x2

E


(no shear)

T

e

t

r1

12 xxL

r2

oLLL

r4

A

F

edb.r1

oTTT

r3

L

L

x

FF

E, A,

LLo

T, ,

yL

Torsional Rod

Extensional Rod

temperature change,T

cte,

youngs modulus, E

stress,

shear modulus, G

poissons ratio,

shear stress, shear strain,

thermal strain, t

elastic strain, e

strain,

r2

r1)1(2

EG

r3

r4Tt

Ee

r5

G

te

1D Linear Elastic Model

material



Lo

Extensional Rod(isothermal)

F

L

A

L

E

x2

x1

youngs modulus, E

cross section area, A

al1

al3

al2

linkage

mode: shaft tension

condition reaction

allowable stress

stress mos model


allowable

actual

MS

Analysis Templatesof Diverse Behavior & Fidelity

(CBAMs)MCAD Tools

Materials LibrariesIn-House, ...

FEAAnsys

Abaqus*

CATIA Elfini*

MSC Nastran*

MSC Patran*

NX Nastran*

...

General MathMathematica

Matlab*

MathCAD*

...


Extension

Torsion

1D

1D

Analysis Building Blocks(ABBs)

CATIA, NX,Pro/E*, ...

Analysis Solvers(via SMMs)

Design Tools

2D

flap_link

critical_section

critical_simple

t2f

wf

tw

hw

t1f

area

effective_length

critical_detailed

stress_strain_model linear_elastic

E

cte area

wf

tw

hw

tf

sleeve_1

b

h

t

b

h

t

sleeve_2

shaft

rib_1

material

rib_2

w

t

r

x

name

t2f

wf

tw

t1f

cross_section

w

t

r

x

R3

R2

R1

R8

R9

R10

6R

R7

R12

11R

1R

2

3

4

5

R

R

R

R

name

linear_elastic_model

wf

tw

tf

inter_axis_length

sleeve_2

shaft

material

linkage

sleeve_1

w

t

r

E

cross_section:basic

w

t

rL

ws1

ts1

rs2

ws2

ts2

rs2

wf

tw

tf

E

deformation model

x,max

ParameterizedFEA Model

stress mos model


allowable

actual

MS

ux mos model


allowable

actual

MS

mode: tensionux,max

Fcondition reaction

allowable inter axis length change

allowable stress

ts1

B

sleeve1

B ts2

ds2

ds1

sleeve2

L

shaft

Leff

s

rib1 rib2

material


deformation model


Lo

Torsional Rod

G

J

r

2

1

shear modulus, G

cross section:effective ring polar moment of inertia, J

al1

al3

al2a

linkage

mode: shaft torsion

condition reactionT

outer radius, ro al2b

stress mos model

allowable stress

twist mos model


allowable

actual

MS


allowable

actual

MS

allowabletwist

Linkage Extensional Model

Linkage Plane Stress Model

Linkage Torsional Model* = Item not yet available in toolkit—all others have working examples 2007-04

Parts LibrariesIn-House*, ...

LegendTool AssociativityObject Re-use



«cbam»LinkagePlaneStressModel

«cbam»LinkageExtensionalModel

«cbam»LinkageTorsionalModel

«cbam»LinkageAnalysisModel

«apm»Linkage

Condition

«abb»MarginOfSafetyModel

«abb»ExtensionalRodIsothermal

«abb»LinkagePlaneStressAbb

«abb»TorsionalRod

«abb»OneDLinearElasticModel

«abb»OneDLinearElasticModelNoShear

«abb»OneDLinearElasticModelIsothermal

condition

stressMosModel

sxMosModel

twistMosModel

stressMosModel

deformationModel

uxMosModel

deformationModel

materialModel materialModel

bdd [package] linkageCbams [Basic view]

soi

soi = system of interest

Linkage Simulation Templates & Generic Building BlocksLinkage Simulation Templates & Generic Building BlocksSysML Block Definition Diagram (bdd) - basic viewSysML Block Definition Diagram (bdd) - basic view

ts1

B

sleeve1

B

ts2

ds2

ds1

sleeve2

L

shaft

Leff

s

rib1 rib2


Design-specific simulation templates

Design-independent analytical building blocks

Libraries of Analysis Building Blocks (ABBs)Libraries of Analysis Building Blocks (ABBs)Material Model & Continuum ABBsMaterial Model & Continuum ABBsSysML DiagramsSysML Diagrams

modularre-usage

x

TT

G, r, , ,J

Lo

y

x

FF

E, A,

LLo

T, ,

yL

(a)

(b)

(c)

materialModel: OneDLinearElasticModelPureShear

shearModulus:

shearStress:

shearStrain:

undeformedLength:

{dTh = th2 – th1}

r1: twistEqn

th2:angleEnd2:

th1:

dTh:

angleEnd1:

twist:

{tau = T * r / J}

r2: tauEqn

J:polarMomentOfInertia:

T:

tau:

torque

radius:r:

{gam = dTh * r / L0}

r3: gamEqn

L0:

r:

gam:

dTh:

par [block] TorsionalRod [Definition view]

materialModel: OneDLinearElasticModelNoShear

youngsModulus:

temperatureChange:

normalStress

cte:

thermalStrain:

elasticStrain:

totalStrain:

{etot = dL / L}

r3: etotEqn

dL:

etot:L:

{dL = L – L0}

r2: deltalEqn

L:

L0:

dL:

undeformedLength:

{L = x2 – x1}

r1: lengthEqn

x2:positionEnd2:

x1:positionEnd1:

{sig = F / A}

r4: stressEqn

A:area:

F: sig:force:

{dT = T – T0}

edbr1: deltatEqn

T0:referenceTemperature:

T:

dT:

temperature:

par [block] ExtensionalRod [Definition view]

L:length:

totalElongation:

{gam = tau / G}

r5: gamEqn

gam:shearStrain:

tau:

G:

{G = 1/2 * E/(1 + nu)}

r1: gEqn

nu:

G:

poissonsRatio:

shearModulus:E:

youngsModulus:

elasticStrain:

{et = alpha * dT}

r4: etEqn

dT:temperatureChange:

alpha:

et:

cte:

thermalStrain:

{ee = sig / E}

r3: eeEqn

sig: E:normalStress:

ee:

{etot = ee + et}

r2: etotEqn

ee:

etot:totalStrain:

et:

shearStress:

par [block] OneDLinearElasticModel [Definition view]


«cbam»LinkagePlaneStressModel

«cbam»LinkageExtensionalModel

«cbam»LinkageTorsionalModel

«cbam»LinkageAnalysisModel

«apm»Linkage

Condition

«abb»MarginOfSafetyModel

«abb»ExtensionalRodIsothermal

«abb»LinkagePlaneStressAbb

«abb»TorsionalRod

«abb»OneDLinearElasticModel

«abb»OneDLinearElasticModelNoShear

«abb»OneDLinearElasticModelIsothermal

condition

stressMosModel

sxMosModel

twistMosModel

stressMosModel

deformationModel

uxMosModel

deformationModel

materialModel materialModel

bdd [package] linkageCbams [Basic view]

soi

soi = system of interest

Linkage Simulation Templates & Generic Building BlocksLinkage Simulation Templates & Generic Building BlocksSysML Block Definition Diagram (bdd) - basic viewSysML Block Definition Diagram (bdd) - basic view

ts1

B

sleeve1

B

ts2

ds2

ds1

sleeve2

L

shaft

Leff

s

rib1 rib2


Design-specific simulation templates

Design-independent analytical building blocks


deformationModel:

materialModel:

normalStress:psi = 8888

totalStrain:

youngsModulus:

undeformedLength:

area:

totalElongation:in = 1.43e-3

length:

stressMosModel:

allowable:marginOfSafety:

= 1.025

determined:


shaft:

condition:

description:= “flaps mid position”

effectiveLength: in = 5.00


material: Steel1020HR

basic:

area:in^2 = 1.125

yieldStress:psi = 18000

name:= “1020 hot-rolled steel”

linearElastic:

youngsModulus:psi = 30e6

force:

soi: FlapLinkage_XYZ-510

reaction:lbs = 10000

par [cbam] LinkageExtensionalModel_800240 [Instance view: state 1.1 - solved]

Analysis Template: Linkage Extensional Model Analysis Template: Linkage Extensional Model COB-based CBAM - SysML Parametric DiagramCOB-based CBAM - SysML Parametric Diagram

v. 2005-12-19

Solving supported viamath tool execution

APM ABB

ABB

CBAM

SMM

ts1

B

sleeve1

B

ts2

ds2

ds1

sleeve2

L

shaft

Leff

s

rib1 rib2



Analysis Template Instance: Linkage Extensional ModelAnalysis Template Instance: Linkage Extensional ModelExecutable parametric model in Executable parametric model in XaiToolsXaiTools COB browser—an object-oriented spreadsheet. COB browser—an object-oriented spreadsheet.

Detailed CAD data from CATIA

Idealized analysis features in APM

Explicit multi-directional associativity between design & analysis

Modular generic building blocks(ABBs)

Library data for materials

Focal Point ofCAD-CAE Integration

example 1, state 1

XFW v1.0.0.t02


FEA-based FEA-based Analysis Template Analysis Template Linkage Plane Stress ModelLinkage Plane Stress ModelSysML Parametric DiagramSysML Parametric Diagram

sxMosModel: MarginOfSafetyModel

allowable:

marginOfSafety:

determined:

effectiveLength:


material:

yieldStress:

name:

soi: Linkage


basicIsection:

flangeThickness:

webThickness:

shaft:

allowableInterAxisLengthChange:

uxMosModel: MarginOfSafetyModel

allowable:

marginOfSafety:

determined:

par [cbam] LinkagePlaneStressModel [Definition view]

deformationModel: LinkagePlaneStressAbb

rs1:

ws2:

ts2:

tf:

rs2:

ws1:

ts1:

nuxy:

wf:

tw:

ex:

force:

uxMax:

sxMax:

l:

linearElastic:

youngsModulus:

poissonsRatio:

flangeWidth:

sleeve1:

width:

outerRadius:

wallThickness:

sleeve2:

width:

outerRadius:

wallThickness:

condition: Condition

description:

reaction:

ts1

B

sleeve1

B

ts2

ds2

ds1

sleeve2

L

shaft

Leff

s

rib1 rib2



Flap Linkage Design Verification: System ContextFlap Linkage Design Verification: System ContextSysML Requirements DiagramSysML Requirements Diagram

id=REQ-1text=”Must comply with FAA regulations.”

«requirement»FaaSpecifications

id=REQ-1.1

«requirement»FlightConditionsSafety

id=REQ-1.1.1

«requirement»TakeOffSafety

id=REQ-1.1.2

«requirement»LandingSafety

id=REQ-1.1.3

«requirement»CruisingSafety

id=REQ-1.1.4

«requirement»DivingSafety

id=REQ-1.1.2.1

«requirement»FlapsDetent

id=REQ-1.1.3.1

«requirement»FlapsMidPosition

id=REQ-1.1.4.1

«requirement»2GDive

id=REQ-1.1.1.1

«requirement»FlapsDown

«testCase»FlapsDownTestCase

«apm»FlapLinkage

«deriveReqt» «deriveReqt» «deriveReqt»

«satisfy»

«verify»«satisfy» «satisfy»

«satisfy»

req [block] FlapLinkage [Verification structure]

«deriveReqt»


Simulation Template-based Test Case ExecutionSimulation Template-based Test Case Executionfor Requirements Verificationfor Requirements Verification

«block»: FlapLinkageTestBench_245

setFlapLinkageInstance(FlapLinkage_XYZ-510)

«cbam»: LinkagePlaneStressModel_760

setLoad(: lbs = 10000); execute()

getResult(“sx_mos_model.margin_of_safety”)

getResult(“ux_mos_model.margin_of_safety”)

getVerdict(FlapLinkage_XYZ-510):

Tester

: Verdict = “pass”

sd [testCase] FlapsDownTestCase_310 [Instance view: test completed]

FEA-based engineering analysis template


Benefits of Templates Benefits of Templates & Component-based Modeling& Component-based Modeling

Primary Impacts

Enabling Capabilities R

ed

uced

T

ime

Re

duc

ed

Co

st

Re

duc

ed

Ris

k In

crea

sed

U

nd

erst

andi

ng

In

crea

sed

C

orp

ora

te M

emo

ry

Incr

ease

d A

rtifa

ct

Pe

rfor

ma

nce

Increased Knowledge Capture & Completeness

■ ■ ■ ■

Increased Modularity & Reusability

■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Increased Traceability

■ ■ ■

Reduced Manual Re-Creation & Data Entry Errors

■ ■ ■

Increased Automation

■ ■ ■

Reduced Modeling Effort

■ ■

Increased Analysis Intensity

■ ■


ContentsContents





ConclusionConclusion

Hopefully you have found useful

a Thing ...

... or Two


QuizQuiz

• Content semantic gaps– Describe one or more after-sales applications

[50 pts.]

• Content coverage gaps– Describe one or more after-sales applications

[50 pts.]

keynote address russell s. peak, phd associate director & senior researcher

Documents

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