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© YWK 2016 Mobistik UTVECKLING

Key Performance Indicators for DRT: Scandinavian Experience

Presenta(on

Interna(onal Conference on Demand Responsive Transport Breckenridge, CO, September 28-‐29, 2016

Yngve Westerlund Sr Transport Advisor

Mobis(kUtveckling, Sweden [email protected]


Gothenburg vs. West Midlands (Birmingham region) -‐ rough comparison of Mobility Services in 2002

Gothenburg SNT

Ring-and-Ride

Service level (availability, quality)

Expenditures per capita

€4

€40

?


Municipal spending on Mobility Services for seniors (65+) Comparison of two ciGes in Sweden 2015 -‐ Preliminary

Source: SEBEM Project, Lund University, 2016


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Thousands of trips/year with various DRT modes

Fare Service (ADA type) Flexbus -‐ eligible users Flexbus -‐ open users Pa;ent transport

Source: Annual Reports of Gothenburg Special Needs Transport

DRT ridership development in Gothenburg 1996-‐2015


DefiniGons (partly from Litman, 2005)

•  Performance monitoring is an process to determine how well (or poorly) policies, programs, projects and systems perform with regard to their intended goals and objec(ves

•  Bench-‐marking is a process to iden(fy the best management prac(ces that an organiza(on can strive for (in comparison with its peers)

•  Open Comparison is a transparent bench-‐marking effort where most or all of the outcomes are made available to the public

•  Performance indicators are measures of effec(veness and specific measurable outcomes used to evaluate progress toward established goals and objec(ves.


Performance monitoring -‐ an important element in the total planning process


Common (and new?) KPIs for DRT • Opera(onal efficiency and effec(veness

• Opera(ng costs per passenger miles travelled (e g from NTD) • Opera(ng costs per passenger trip • Opera(ng costs per Direct Travel Minute (incl dwell-‐(me)

• Opera(onal produc(vity • Passenger trips per vehicle service hour or revenue hour

•  Service quality • On-‐(me-‐performance • Devia(on (me per total travel (me •  Systema(c aXtude surveys

•  Safety and security (also in NTD)


ANBARO – The Quality Barometer NaGonal DRT customer saGsfacGon benchmarking in Sweden

•  Started 2004 with 9 agencies - now 19 •  Managed by SPTA. Interviews by professional

survey company

•  Booking system data for sampling and background

•  2-8 interviews/day and agency, year round, (15 in Stockholm County)

•  Circa 40 000 interviews/year (the day after trip)

•  Perceived quality of latest trip – reflects the functional quality, not the overall assessment of brand.

Source: The Swedish Public Transport Association


Example – ProducGvity measurement over Gme Passengers per vehicle service hour SNT in Gothenburg 1997-2008

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

SpecialfordonTaxifärdtjänst

Produktivitet för färdtjänsten i Göteborg 1997-2008(passagerare/fordonstimme)

Source: City of Gothenburg Special Needs Transport

Special vehicles (vans) Taxi vehicles (cars)


Roger´s doubts…

“If Agency A has a producJvity of 1.8 trips per hour, with a 6 mile average trip length, 25 % wheelchair users, and average travel speed (excluding dwell Jme) of 21 MPH, whereas Agency B has a producJvity of 1.3 trips per hour, with a 10 mile average trip length, 40 % wheelchair users, and average travel speed of 15 MPH, so how do you benchmark services like that? How can you compare? “ (Roger Teal, 2014)


Time based performance indicator(s)

Direct Travel Time is theore(cal measure of (mes used in the planning process: •  Driving ;me from a travel (me matrix or calculated from naviga(on database (can vary with (me)

•  Service ;me (dwell-‐;me) for boarding and aligh(ng according to customer needs (individual seXngs)

DeviaRon Rme can be used to calculate a quality measure: DeviaRon RaRo = devia(on (me/total travel (me

A

B

A

B

Direct driving Rme A to B

DeviaRon Rme is extra (me as a result of ride-‐sharing


Gothenburg Region 13 municipali(es

West Sweden County 49 municipali(es 1 600 000 inh

Gothenburg City 500 000 inh

West Sweden site descripGon VäsYrafik, the RTA, integrates (1) regional pa(ent transport in all 49 municipali(es and (2) Various DRT services for most other municipali(es except Gothenburg City, that has its own DRT organisa(on for municipal DRT services and the open Flexlinjen minibusservice for seniors operated jointly with Väscrafik


1,43

1,21

1,13

1,09

0,96

1,05

1,1

1,74

1,31

1,14

1

Denmark

West Sweden

Gothenburg Region

Gothenburg City

PaRent transport School/special school Fare-‐Service (ADA type)

DRT Cost Efficiency– Examples of Gme based measurement OperaGonal costs per Direct Travel Minute (USD) -‐ Sept. 2015 -‐ Preliminary


23

18

57

52

31

22

Flexlinjen (Dial-‐a-‐Bus)

PaRent transport

Handicap (ADA type)

School/Day Care

DeviaGon RaGo example -‐ 2015-‐ Preliminary Devia(on (me/Total travel (me (%)

Gothenburg City Denmark


NaGonal Framework for KPI in Denmark •  Study commiced by Finance Ministry 2012

•  Developed by Deloice Consultancy •  Managed (incl instruc(ons) by Na(onal Municipal Associa(on (KL)

•  13 selected indicators •  Data collec(on and presenta(ons by FlexDanmark (or by individual Municipali(es that are s(ll not part of regional coordina(on efforts)


kr. 10,58 kr. 10,79kr. 10,38

kr. 9,52

kr. 8,67kr. 8,31 kr. 8,22

kr. 7,65

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

0 DKK

2 DKK

4 DKK

6 DKK

8 DKK

10 DKK

12 DKK

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Resandevolym och kostnadseffektivitet - Movia 2008-2015

Totalt antal flexresor per år

Genomsnittlig trafikkostnad (DKK) per direktresminutKälla: Movia, 2016

Example -‐ Cost efficiency over Gme in Sjaelland (Denmark) OperaGng cost per Direct Travel Minutes and total DRT volume (trips per year) for Movia.

Source: Movia, the RTA of Sealand (Copenhagen region), 2016


Discussion PotenJal for collaboraJon

• DefiniRons and measurements. What is a passenger? A direct travel minute? Opera(ng costs?

• Data collecRon – and standardizaRon – how to get system suppliers to deliver comparable data to NTD /other databases

• Data quality -‐ right detail level to increase mo(va(on/compliance

Closed bench-‐marking or open (transparent) comparisons? How do we go forward?

•  Who are willing to cooperate? Large providers of open and integrated DRT? Service-‐ and/or system suppliers?

•  How, When and Where?

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