keys to the past, insight to the future: paleoecology and the importance of environmental history
DESCRIPTION
Tracking Climate Change through Phenology Monitoring: Using Nature’s Notebook as a Tool. Keys to the Past, Insight to the Future: Paleoecology and the Importance of Environmental History . LoriAnne Barnett Education Coordinator, USA-NPN. Introduction to Phenology. What is Phenology?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Tracking Climate Change through Phenology Monitoring:Using Nature’s Notebook as a Tool
LoriAnne BarnettEducation Coordinator, USA-NPN
Introduction to Phenology
What is Phenology?
Introduction to Phenology
What is Phenology?
http://climatewisconsin.org/story/phenology
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
• Introduction to Phenology • USA National Phenology Network• Why Citizen Science?• Using Nature’s Notebook• Programs in Action
Introduction to Phenology
What is phenology?Nature’s calendar• Blooms and buds• Hibernation, migration,
emergence• Easy to observe from leaf to
globe
Why does it matter?• Growth rate and range• Animal – plant – climate
relationships• Management strategies • Health implications• Agricultural uses
Introduction to Phenology
Who observes phenology?• Scientists• Gardeners• Agriculturists• Land managers• Youth• Famous historical figures
Stink bug trap crops (right) adjacentto soybean in October in north Florida
Photo courtesy of:Northern Florida Research and Education Center, Mizell, R. F.
Introduction to Phenology
Discussion: What seasonal changes have you noticed in the last 12 months that are different than you remember from the past year? Past 5 years? Past 20 years?
Have you ever kept a nature journal or calendar? Do you wish you had? How would it be useful to you today?
How does phenology directly relate to your life? Our lives on this planet?
Introduction to Phenology
Phenology and History
Why should we be involved?
• Science and climate literacy• Outdoor experiences
• Participate in scientific process
Introduction to Phenology
History and PhenologyResearch, spring timing and range
Photo by Scot Miller
• 43 species at Walden Pond bloom 7 days earlier than 150 years ago
• Blueberries flower 21 days earlier
• 27% of the species are no longer there
• Importance of legacy datasets(Primack and Miller-Rushing, 2012)
SPECIESAND ECOSYSTEMS
ARE INFLUENCED BY GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGE
Walden Pond
Introduction to Phenology
History and PhenologyCloned Plants Project
HISTORIC LILAC NETWORKESTABLISHED IN THE
1950S
SANTA RITA EXPERIMENTAL RANGE,
GREEN VALLEY, AZ
• Began in 1950s by Joe Caprio• Series of lilacs and data at
Experimental Ranges across US for improve predictions of crop yield, pest management and bloom dates
• Clones minimize variations between locations
• Predict the spring index and provide comparable data
• Became part of the UW - Milwaukee Indicator Observation Program
S. vulgaris (common lilac), S. x chinensis (Red Rothromagenisis), C. florida (Appalachian Spring Dogwood)
Phenology, in short, is a “horizontal science” which transects all ordinary biological professions. Whoever sees the land as a whole is likely to have an interest in it. –A. Leopold
Introduction to Phenology
Phenology and Climate ChangeResearch, spring timing and range
A three-way mismatch
English Oak
Winter Moth
Pied Flycatcher Both et al. 2006 Nature
EARLIER
SAME TIME EACH YEAR
EARLIER
Introduction to Phenology
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
• Introduction to Phenology USA National Phenology Network
• Why Citizen Science? • Using Nature’s Notebook • Programs in Action
A NATIONAL NETWORK OF INTEGRATED PHENOLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS ACROSS SPACE AND TIME.
Primary goalTo encourage observation of phenological events and understand how plants, animals and landscapes respond to environmental variation and climate change.
Mission• Make phenology data, models and
related information available to scientists, resource managers and the public.
• Encourage people of all ages and backgrounds to observe and record phenology.
USA National Phenology Network
Network Tools• Standard methods for data
collection• Basic and applied research• Decision-support tools• Education and outreach
Nature’s Notebook
Legacy Datasets Citizen Science Project
USA National Phenology Network
A Multi-taxa, National-scale Phenology System
What’s Nature’s Notebook?A national plant and animal phenology observation program.
Online monitoring system∙ Citizen Science/Scientist contributions∙ Core protocols∙ Dynamic data visualizations∙ Network of partners
USA National Phenology Network
Engage observers with Nature’s Notebook and data collection through providing directed scientific outdoor experiences and opportunities to interpret data.
1. Science and Climate Literacy
2. Science-Nature-Self Relationships
3. The Integration of Science and Education
Education Program Goals
USA National Phenology Network
630 plant species and 230 animal species 1196 observers reporting (4107 total) making ~100,000 observations
USA National Phenology Network
Research needs• Standard, long-term, accessible data set• Interactive tools for visualization• Plant and animal species data for multiple
locations • Focal species• Multiple and long-term observations• Regional and continental scale data
Tracking patterns of migration and plant phenology is the first step in identifying
responses to climate change such as phenological mismatches.
(Nature’s Notebook 2011: Data & Participation Summary, March 2012)
USA National Phenology Network
Recent and unusual rise in global temperature• Understand plant & animal response• Record early/late spring & fall events• Ecosystem shift
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
• Introduction to Phenology • USA National Phenology Network
Why Citizen Science?• Using Nature’s Notebook• Programs in Action
Why Citizen Science?
What Is Citizen Science?• Engages volunteers• Expands ability of scientists• Teaches scientific methods• Public and professional
scientists• Research teams• Educate and generate data• Meet science & research
goals• Eliminates gloom and doom
Citizen Science Info• www.birds.cornell.edu/citsci/about• www.CitSci.org• www.scistarter.org
Why Citizen Science?
Personal Interactions
• Backyard observations• Trail observations• Share your data set• Data analysis• Join the conversation!
“HAVING A REASON AND A MECHANISM
FOR PAYING ATTENTION TO THE NATURAL WORLD
AROUND ME ENRICHES MY LIFE.” —
HANS
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
• Introduction to Phenology • USA National Phenology Network• Why Citizen Science?
Using Nature’s Notebook• Programs in Action
Using Nature’s Notebook
Phenophase Definitions
What is a phenophase? An observable stage in the annual lifecycle of a plant or animal that can be defined by a start and end point. Often having a duration of a few days or weeks.
Using Nature’s Notebook
Phenology Monitoring Methods
Event Date
First arrival 5-Apr
First egg 22-Apr
Event MonitoringCaptures• First instance of phenological
event• Phenology of species with
predictable series of events
Does not capture• Sampling Frequency• Estimated error in event date• Unusual events• Repeat events• Duration of phenological stages
Using Nature’s Notebook
Phenology Monitoring Methods
Abundance and IntensityCapturesSampling frequencyError around date estimateAbsenceUnusual events Multiple occurrences of a phenophase in one yearPhenophase durationDo you see… 29-Mar 5-Apr 11-Apr 17-Apr 22-Apr 28-Apr 5-May 15-May
Adults present?
N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Nest with eggs?
? N N Y Y N N Y
Using Nature’s Notebook
Event
Activity Reproduction Development
Day of year
Phenology Monitoring Methods
Status & Abundance
Status
Using Nature’s Notebook
Sample Nature’s Notebook data sheet
Status
Event
Abundance – how many?
Phenophase Discussion:
Draw or describe each of the phenophases for leaves in your own way
Phenophase Discussion:
Draw or describe each of the phenophases for leaves in your own way
Phenophase Discussion:
Draw or describe each of the phenophases for leaves in your own way
Using Nature’s Notebook
Let’s Go Outside!!!Bring with you:• Pencil/Pen and Paper• Hand outs – data sheet and phenophase definition page• General plant ID skills• Thinking caps!
Species tagged:1. American Basswood – Tilia americana
• Regional plant species• Allergen
2. Black Walnut – Juglans nigra• Regional plant species• Allergen
3. Ohio (Texas) Buckeye - Aesculus glabra
Using Nature’s Notebook
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
1. Select and delineate a site
2. Select plant and animal species
3. Tag individual plants
4. Record your observations
5. Report your data online
Five Steps:
Using Nature’s Notebook
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
1. Select and delineate a siteA site is the area within which you will look for your species you choose to observe. When you select a site, such as your yard or a nearby natural area, consider these guidelines: • Convenience and easily
accessible. • Representative location of the
environmental conditions for your area. Flat, gentle slope..
Using Nature’s Notebook
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
1. Select and delineate a site• Uniform habitat• Appropriate size - < 15 acres
• Plants and animals?• Your backyard
• PROPER PERMISSION!• Agency may already be
participating• No trespassing
• More than 20 feet from building
Using Nature’s Notebook
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
2. Select Plant and Animals• Choose from list • Calibration species
• Ecological importance• Big-picture
• Proper identification• Data quality!• One - three plants for variation• Use comments
3. Tag your plants!• Ease of location• Can always find them!
Using Nature’s Notebook
Get Started!
http://www.usanpn.org/participate/observe
Using Nature’s Notebook
Using Nature’s Notebook
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
4. Record ObservationsTo make observations, you will need: • Phenophase definitions and
instructions• Datasheets, clipboard, pencil:
You can download and print a datasheet for each plant or animals from the profile page
• Binoculars (optional)
Using Nature’s Notebook
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
4. Record Observations
To make observations, you will need: • Phenophase
definitions and instructions
Using Nature’s Notebook
4. Record Observations• YES• NO• UNCERTAIN• No record if you did not check
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Using Nature’s Notebook
Using Nature’s Notebook
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Frequency of Observations• As often as possible• At least once a week• All observations are valuable!
Time of Day• Convenient• Consistent• Daytime
Keep looking for a phenophase even if it has ended.
Using Nature’s Notebook
46
Plants: Make repeat observations of the same individual plants for as long as you are recording data.
Using Nature’s Notebook
Animals: Create a checklist for your site, look and listen for ALL species EACH time you visit. In some cases there may be many animals (mammals, amphibians, insects, etc.) that could visit your site.
Using Nature’s Notebook
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Why?• Phenophases may be
triggered by moisture and not just temperature
• Negative data is valuable• Conditions may change
rapidly• More data = better analysis• Climate shift may be
changing when events occur
Using Nature’s Notebook
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
5. Enter Observations Online• As frequently as possible• Follow the step-by-step
questions• Enter data for all species
collected each time
Using Nature’s Notebook
Using Nature’s Notebook
Resources available to you:• Frequently Asked Questions Link on Website• Mobile Apps for Android and iPhone
Using Nature’s Notebook
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
1. Select and delineate a site
2. Select plant and animal species
3. Tag individual plants
4. Record your observations of animals
and plants
5. Report your data online
REVIEW Five Steps:
Using Nature’s Notebook
Resources available to you:• Online training materials for Nature’s Notebook at home• Volunteer/community engagement tips• Plans for implementation of Phenology Gardens and Trails• Assistance from the USA-NPN Education Specialist on how to tailor
Nature’s Notebook to your needs
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
• Introduction to Phenology • USA National Phenology Network• Why Citizen Science?• Using Nature’s Notebook
Programs in Action
Programs in Action
Tucson Phenology TrailCurrently 7 locations• Biosphere 2• UA Campus• Sam Hughes Neighborhood• PimaExtension Offices • Santa Rita Experimental
Range• Tucson Audubon Mason
Center• Tumamoc Hill Total of 75 Miles, start to finish
3-10 species tagged at each
Programs in Action
Phenology Observation Program
Collecting systematic information about species life cycles will allow us to build a long term data set. We then
may begin to understand how our ecosystems are responding
to a changing environment.
Thank you!
LoriAnne [email protected]
You’re invited to connect with USA-NPN…
• Sign up for a phenology e-newsletter (quarterly)
• Join the Nature’s Notebook community and become an observer: Contribute to science while having fun!
• Discover new tools and resources for work or play
LoriAnne [email protected]