kggunit2

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D.J. Silva

Draft Do not cite! revised 9/18/2004 27

Unit 2: Hello

In this unit, you will learn how to: introduce yourself; identify people and objects; ask for information using the word "what"; locate objects in space using the demonstratives "this",

"that", and"that over there";

name common objects and countries.Begin by working with the CD-ROM. First learn the first half of the

monologue; then work with the second half of the monologue. Finally,

spend time learning the material in the dialogue. In each case, don't

forget to access the CD-ROM's footnotes (green underlined links) toaccess important grammatical and cultural information.

Additional Grammatical Notes

Demonstrative Adjectives: "this", "that", and "yon"When locating objects in space, Korean speakers make a three-way

distinction:

entity near the speaker this

entity near the listener that

entity away from bothspeaker and listener

that over there / yon

Nouns

Like Korean verbs, Korean nouns also and marked with various particles.

In the case of the nouns, these particles typically indicate the role that the

noun plays in the sentence. These sentential roles include subject, topic,

direct object, indirect object ("to/for somebody"), possessive (also known

as the "genitive"), locative (used to indicate where an event occurs), and

instrumental (indicating that the noun is employed to accomplish a

particular function). These various noun particles will be introduced

gradually over the course of several units.

In Korean, nouns referring to things are generally not marked for

plurality. Hence, a word such as can mean either "book" or "books."

Context can help to disambiguate the intended meaning.

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Beginning Korean: A Grammar Guide

28 Autumn 2004

Noun Particles: Subject Markers and Topic Markers

The most commonly used noun particles are those used to mark the

subject of the sentence and those used to mark the topic of a sentence.

Both subject markers and topic markers are used to indicate the

person/thing that is main actor/element in the sentence. The difference

between subject and topics in Korean represents a distinction not directly

found in English; as such, knowing understanding the difference between

subject markers and topic markers is difficult for beginning languagelearners. There are some basic principles that govern the use of each.

A subject marker is often attached to a noun that the speakerwishes to introduce into the conversation for the first time. It has

no direct interpretation into English.

A topic marker is generally attached to a noun that has alreadybeen established in the conversion. The noun "X-" can often

be interpreted "as for X, ".

In a conversation that involves identifying people or things, the opening

question often includes a noun with a subject marker. The corresponding

response would mark the same entity with a topic marker: it's alreadybeen established as part of the discourse.

subject marker

? What is this (thing)?. That thing is a book.

(lit: "As for that thing, (it) is a book.")

topic marker

In most of the sentences that you will encounter at this point, there willbe either a subject or a topic: it's much less common to find both types of

particles in a single sentence. There is one important exception: A

sentence that include the verb "to not be":

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D.J. Silva


. This thing is not a book.(lit: "As for this thing, a book it is not.")

Knowing exactly when to use one as opposed to the other takes time andexperience. In the meantime, acquaint yourself with the grammatical

patterns found in Unit 2 and open yourself to absorbing new intuitions

about how these two particles function.

The Linking Verbs "to be" and "to not be"The verb - (-ida) is a linking verb that requires a noun be attached

to it. It is best interpreted as "is (a) ___."

. As for this thing, (it) is a book.

. That person over there is Teacher Choe.

? What is that? (lit: "That thing is-what?")

? Is this thing a Chinese newspaper?

When the noun attached to the verb ends in a consonant, the verb takes

the form "-"; when the noun ends a vowel, the verb takes the form

"-" (or, according to some, "-").

. It's a book. . It's a newspaper. . It's a chair. . It's a map.

The opposite of is. Unlike , the verb

does not involve a directly attached noun. Rather, the pattern

for using is this: TOPIC (~) SUBJECT (~) VERB.

. This thing is not a book.(lit: "As for this thing, a book is-not.")

. That person is not a student.(lit: "As for that person, a student is-not.")

. This isn't a newspaper, either.(lit: "As for this thing also, a newspaper is-not.")

The Noun Particle "also"The particle is attached to nouns to indicate that the noun should be

included in a larger group, along with a previously mentioned noun. It

can be translated into English as "also" or "too."

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30 Autumn 2004

A: . This is an American book.

B: ? Are those American books, too?

A: ,. Yes, those are also American books.

Before working on the following exercises, go to the CD-ROM and work

on the two additional lessons indicated at the bottom of the page, one

about countries and the other about common objects.

Exercises

Exercise A. Answer the following questions.

1. ?

2. ?

3. ?

4. ?

5. ?

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D.J. Silva


6. ?

7. ?

8. ?

9. ?(You should be able to figure out)

10. ?

Exercise B. Using the following script, construct a monologue in which

you describe yourself. Be prepared to present your monologue to your

Korean friends and colleagues.

1. ___________________(). Your name2. ___________________(). Your current profession.3. __________________. Your nationality.4. _____________(). Your academic major.

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Here is a partial list of academic majors. If yours is not here, consult with

a Korean speaker and/or an English-Korean dictionary. You should know

how to explain your major; it's an important part of who you are.

kyeongchehak Economics

konghak Engineering

kyoyuk Education

gukjehak International Studies

mullihak Physics

beomjoehak Criminology

sa-eop Business

sahoehak Sociology

saengmulhak Biology

saenghwahak Biochemistry

suhak Mathematics

eon-eohak Linguistics

yeoksa History

yeon-guk Theater

yeongmunhak English Language and Literature

yesul Art

oegyohak Diplomacy

eum-ak Music

illyuhak Anthropology

jeongchihak Political Science

jirihak Geography

cheolhak Philosophy

chum Dance

tonggyehak Statistics

tongsinhak Communications

hwahak Chemistry

Don't forget to use the CD-ROM for additional practice. You should spend time workingon the multiple-choice questions, the fill-in-the-blank exercises, and the dictation. Don'tforget to quiz yourself using the flashcard function, too.

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