khao sat yeu to anh huong den qt chung cat tinh dau gung.pdf

7/29/2019 Khao Sat Yeu To Anh Huong Den QT Chung Cat Tinh Dau GUNG.pdf

1/8

Tp ch Khoa hc 2011:19b 62-69 Trngi hc Cn Th

62

KHO ST CC YU TNH HNG N QU TRNHCHNG CT TINH DU GNG

Tng Th nh Ngc1 vNguyn Vn Kin2

ABSTRACT

The main objectives of this research were to test the effects of storage time afterharvesting and the distillation time on the yield of ginger oil. Further investigation wascarried out to evaluate the chemical, physical properties as well as sensorycharacteristics of ginger oils which were extracted by conventional hydrodistillation andmicrowave-assisted hydrodistillation. The results showed that the storage time of gingerrhizomes should be within 4 days before distillation. The total time of distillation was 16hours and only 80 minutes at 300W, respectively. Moreover, not only the quality of gingeroils but also the type of components in the essential oils were moderately dependent onthe hydrodistillation methods. The major compounds in ginger oils from both suchhydrodistillation ways consisted of Neral (13,99-24,04%), Zingiberene (10,62-10,88%),alpha-Farnesene (7,3-8,05%), Nerol (6-7,09%) and beta- Sesquiphellandrene (5,31-5,37%).

Keywords: Ginger oil, distillation, microwave

Title: Investigation of several parameters affecting hydrodistillation of ginger oil

TM TT

Mc tiu chnh ca nghin cu ny l kho st cc yu tnh hngn qu trnh chngct tinh du gng nhthi gian lu tr(ho) v thi gian chng ct. Bn cnh , nhhng ca phng php chng ctn gi tr cm quan v cc thng sha-l ca tinhdu gng cngc tin hnh nh gi. Kt qu nhn thy gng sau khi thu hoch clu tr4 ngy v chng ct trong thi gian 16 gibng phng php li cun hi nchay 80 pht khi c sh trca vi sng vi cng sut 300W l ph hp vhiu sut vcht lng ca tinh du thu c. Cht lng tinh du v hm lng cc cu phn ctrong tinh du gng th ph thuc vo phng php chng ct. Cc cu phn chnh trong

tinh d

u g

ng thu

c t

hai ph

ng php ch

ng c

t trn gm Neral (13,99-24,04%),Zingiberene (10,62-10,88%), alpha-Farnesene (7,3-8,05%), Nerol (6-7,09%) v beta-

Sesquiphellandrene (5,31-5,37%).

Tkha: Tinh du gng, chng ct, vi sng

1 T VN Gng (tn khoa hc: Zingiber officinale Roscoe thuc gii Plantae, ngnhMagnoliophyta, lp Liliopsida, bZingiberales, hZingiberaceae, chi Zingiber,loi Zingiber officinale) l loi cy tho c trng t rt lu i. Ngy nay, cygng c trng khp ni trn th gii, ring Vit Nam gng trng rt ph

bin ng bng sng Cu Long v n c c im trng xen canh trong cc vncy n tri v c gi tr kinh t tng i cao ( Huy Bch et al., 2004). Gngkhng nhng c s dng kh ph bin nh mt loi gia v (Ravindram andBabu, 2005) m cn c b sung vo cc khu phn n cha bnh bun nn

1 Khoa Nng nghip v Sinh hc ng dng, Trng i hc Cn Th2 Cng ty Savipharm


2/8


63

(Kawai, 1994; Vutyavanich et al., 2001; Borrelli, 2005) chng say tu xe(Chrubasik, 2005); chng oxi ha v khng vim (Shogi et al., 1982). Chnh v cim trn m dch trch cng nh tinh du t c gng c s dng ph bin trongch bin thc phm hay trong dc phm. Dch trch t c gng gm cc hp cht

bay hi v cht tan to ra mi hng c trng v v cay ca gng. Trong , haihp cht chc nng 6-gingerol v 6-shogaol th to ra v cay c trng hn cc hpcht khc c trong gng (Zancan, 2002). Ngoi ra, chnh hai hp cht trn cnmang tnh khng khun v c s dng trong iu tr cc bnh nhn b suy gimmin dch (Hiserodt et al., 1998). Mt khc, tinh du gng l mt hn hp chacc hp cht d bay hi, trong zingiberene l thnh phn chnh to ra mihng ca gng, chnh c im ny m tinh du gng thng c s dng nhiutrong lnh vc dc phm, m phm hay thc phm c th trong cc thc ung,gia v, kem, ko...

Tinh du gng thng c trch bng phng php li cun hi nc. Vic trchly tinh du gng cho hm lng ti u ph thuc nhiu yu t nh phng phptrch hay nguyn liu dng trch. Tuy nhin, cc yu t quan trng c nhhng n qu trnh trch ly tinh du gng t c quan tm Vit Nam. Do ,vic kho st phng php trch ly hiu qu v kho st cc thng s ha-l ca

tinh du gng l mc tiu chnh ca nghin cu ny.

2 PHNG TIN V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU2.1 Chun b muTh nghim c tin hnh ti b mn Cng ngh ha hc, Khoa Cng Ngh,Trng i hc Cn Th.

Nguyn liu c gng 7 thng tui (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) c thu mua trctip ti vn Hu Giang, m bo ti, khng dp nt hay thi hng. Sau khivn chuyn gng n phng th nghim, tin hnh chn la sb, loi tp cht,ra sch, xt lt nh, xay nhuyn trc khi thc hin cc nghin cu.

2.2Phng php b tr th nghim

2.2.1 Chng ct li cun hi ncCho gng vi khi lng l 250 g, lng nc chng ct l 400 ml vo bnh ctca h thng chng ct Clevenger. Mu c gia nhit bng bp in, khi hn hpsi hi nc to thnh s li cun tinh du i ln v i vo h thng ngng t. Saukhi ngng t, hn hp lng gm tinh du v nc c chit vi diethyl eter(Trung Quc sn xut). Hn hp thu c gm tinh du, diethyl ether v mt tnc. Tinh du c lm khan nc bng mui Na2SO4 (Merck, c sn xut)khan. Sau hn hp cn li c c quay chn khng ui diethyl ether thuc sn phm tinh du.

-Kho st nh hng ca thi gian ho n hm lng tinh du gng

Gng 7 thng tui c thu hoch v lu tr ( kh t nhin trnh nh nng mttri) vi cc khong thi gian 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 v 7 ngy. Sau mi ngy lu tr,cn 250 g v tin hnh chng ct trong 4 gi. Sau khi chng ct, loi nc v xcnh lng tinh du thu c.


3/8


64

-Kho st hng ca thi gian chng ct n hm lng tinh du gng.

Gng c thu hoch v lu tr theo thi gian xc nh t th nghim trn, sau tin hnh kho st thi gian chng ct t 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 v 20 gi.Tinh du sau chng ct c loi nc v xc nh khi lng. ng thi cc chs ha l v cm quan ca tinh du thu c tiu kin chng ct ti u cngc xc nh.

2.2.2Chng ct li cun hi nc c htrca vi sng

Gng thu hoch thi im 7 thng tui sau lu tr vi thi gian ti u t thnghim trn (2.2.1). Mu c t vo bnh ct ca h thng chng ct Clevengervi khi lng nguyn liu l 250g v lng nc l 400ml, sau h thngchng ct c t vo l vi sng (Sanyo fan-assisted microwave oven 1200W) vtin hnh chng ct tinh du cc mc nng lng v thi gian khc nhau:-Cng sut 300W thi gian chng ct t 40, 50, 60, 70 v 80 pht.- Cng sut 450W thi gian chng ct t40, 45, 50, 55 v 60 pht.

- Cng sut 750Wthi gian chng ct t 10, 15, 20, 25 v 30 pht.

Tinh du sau chng ct c kh nc v xc nh khi lng, tinh du thu ct iu kin chng ct ti u c nh gi cm quan v xc nh cc ch sha l.

2.3 Phng php o c v xl s liu- Xc nh hm lng tinh du bng cn phn tch Sartorius YDK 01(200 0,0001g). S liu c tnh ton thng k thng qua phn tch phng sai tchng trnh Statgraphics 4.0 vi s kim tra mc ngha ca cc nghim thcqua LSD (Least Significant Difference).

- Xc nh ch s vt l:

T trng xc nh bng cn phn tch Sartorius YDK 01 (c sn xut).

Ch s khc xc o bng khc x k HR901 Kruss (c sn xut).

-Xc nh ch s ha hc:

Ch s acid chun bng dung dch KOH 0,1N (Merck, c sn xut).

Ch s savon ha chun bng dung dch HCl 0,1N (Merck, c sn xut).

Ch s ester ha l hiu s ca ch s savon ha v ch s acid.

Thnh phn ho hc ca tinh du c xc nh bng phng php sc k khghp khi ph GC-MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) ti TrungTm Phn Tch Cng Ngh Cao Hon V (S 112A Lng Th Vinh, Phng TnThi Ha, Qun Tn Ph, Thnh Ph H Ch Minh).


4/8


65

3 KT QU V THO LUN3.1 Chng ct li cun hi ncChng ct nhm li cun tinh du bng hi nc l phng php ph bin s dng tch hn hp khng ln vo nhau nh nc v tinh du khi tip xc trc tipnhau. Nhm thit lp quy trnh chng ct tinh du hiu qu, mt trong cc yu tnh hng n hiu sut ca qu trnh chng ct nh thi gian lu tr mu (haycn gi l thi gian ho) c kho st v kt qu th hin bng 1.Bng 1: Hm lng tinh du theo thi gian lu tr

Thi gian lu tr(ngy) Hm lng tinh du (g)0 0,5707

d

1 0,5720d

2 0,6347c

3 0,6478c

4 0,6922a

5 0,6623

6 0,6556

7 0,6524Cc chci khc nhau trong cng mt ct biu th skhc bit c ngha tin cy 95%

T s liu ca Bng 1 nhn thy hm lng tinh du tng theo thi gian lu tr t0 n 4 ngy (khong 0,57 g n 0,69 g) nhng sau li gim dn t ngy 5 nngy 7 (gim t khong 0,69 g n 0,65 g). Theo cc ti liu nghin cu cho thygng sau thu hoch th hm lng cc monoterpene gim xung cn ccsesquiterpene th tng ln (Sasidharan et al., 2010). C th, thi gian ho t 0n 4 ngy th hm lng cht kh tng ln v lng cc cu phn sinh ra nhiuhn cc cu phn mt i; ngc li i vi thi gian ho t 5 n 7 ngy, mts cc cu phn b phn hy theo thi gian tn tr nh zingiberene v-sesquiphellandrene di tc dng ca nh sng v khng kh (Connell v Jordan,1971) nn hm lng tinh du gim. Theo s liu thng k th thi gian sau thuhoch 4 ngy c hm lng tinh du cao nht v khc bit c ngha so vi ccthi im khc. Do , gng sau thu hoch 4 ngy c chn la kho st nhhng ca thi gian chng ct n hm lng tinh du gng.

Bng 2: Hm lng tinh du theo thi gian chng ct

Thi gianchng ct (gi)

Hm lng tinh du(g)

Thi gianchng ct (gi)

Hm lng tinh du(g)

2 0,5511g

12 0,7680c

4 0,6922 14 0,81766 0,7182

e16 1,0858

a

8 0,7370d

18 1,0860a

10 0,7540c

20 1,0861a

Cc chci khc nhau trong cng mt ct biu th skhc bit c ngha tin cy 95%

T Bng 2 cho thy hm lng tinh du tng theo thi gian chng ct. Thi gian

t 2 gin 16 gi lng tinh du tng u nhng sau th hm lng tinh dukhng tng khi ko di thi gian chng ct. iu ny cho thy khi thi gian chngct ngn th cha trch tinh du c trong mu nn lng tinh du thu c t.

Ngc li, khi thi gian chng ct di th tinh du c trong t bo khuch tn rangoi v c hi hc li cun theo cho n ht tinh du c trong mu. Khi thi


5/8


66

gian chng ct l 16 giv ko di n 20 gi th trong mu hu nh ht tinhdu nn lng tinh du thu c hu nh khng i (khong 1,08g). Mt khc, khithi gian chng ct t 16 n 20 gihm lng tinh du thu c khc bit khngc ngha thng k. Do , tit kim nng lng cng nh thi gian th thigian chng ct tinh du thch hp nht l 16 gi.

3.2Chng ct li cun hi nc c h trca vi sngBng 3: Hm lng tinh du theo thi gian chng ct cc mc cng sut khc nhau

Cng sut 300W Cng sut 450W Cng sut 750WThi gian

(pht)

Hm lngtinh du (g)

Thi gian(pht)

Hm lngtinh du (g)

Thi gian(pht)

Hm lngtinh du (g)

40 0,5968e

40 0,5264d

10 0,3300e

50 0,6403d

45 0,5868c

15 0,5104d

60 0,6566c

50 0,6379 20 0,6601a

70 0,6823 55 0,6461ab

25 0,6012

80 0,7185a

60 0,6729a

30 0,4780c

Cc chci khc nhau trong cng mt ct biu th skhc bit c ngha tin cy 95%

Nhn chung, hm lng tinh du tng theo thi gian chiu vi sng (Bng 3). Khichng ct tinh du bng l vi sng, hm lng tinh du cao nht 80 pht ng vicng sut 300W hay ch 60 pht mc cng sut 450W. Ngha l, khi chng ct mc nng lng cao th thi gian cn chng ct ngn. C th, cng sut 750W,thi gian chng ct l 20 pht s thu c hm lng tinh du cao nht, nu kodi thi gian chng ct th nguyn liu b kh, tinh du b kht v c mi l. Ktqu nh vy l do di tc dng ca vi sng, nc trong t bo nng ln, p sut

bn trong gia tng nhanh chng, lm cho cc tuyn tinh du b v ra, kt qu ltinh du cha trong cc tuyn c gii phng ra ngoi (Wang et al., 2010). Tuynhin, cng sut cao 750W, khi tip tc chiu vi sng na th vn tc bc hi lnnn mt phn hi c ln tinh du b thot ra ngoi. Do , hn ch s tht thottinh du khi chng ct mc nng lng cao, cng sut 300W trong thi gianchng ct 80 pht l ph hp v hiu qu v cht lng ca tinh du thu c.

3.3 c im cm quan v ch s ha l ca tinh du gngBng 4: So snh c im cm quan v ch s ha l ca tinh du gng trch ly bng hai

phng php chng ct

c im Chng ct khng h trvi sng Chng ct c h trvi sngMu sc Vng nht Vng nhtMi Thm du v c mi rt c trng

ca gngMi thm rt c trng cagng nhng hng cay vnng hn

V Cay CayT trng 0,8806 0,8916Ch s khc x 1,4884 1,4834Ch s acid 0,8507 1,4210Ch s savon ha 9,2540 15,1175Ch s ester 8,4033 13,6965


6/8


67

Bng 5: So snh thnh phn cc cu ttrong tinh du gng trch ly bng hai phng phpchng ct

STT Tn cu phnThnh phn phn trm khi lng (%)

Khng h trvi sng C h trvi sng1 2-Heptanol 0,14 -2 Tricylene 0,11 -

3 alpha-Pinene 2,03 0,31

4 Camphene 5,01 0,905 beta-Pinene 0,45 -

6 beta-Myrcene 2,18 0,37

7 2-Thujene 3,38 0,64

8 Eucalyptol 5,67 1,879 4-Carene 0,30 -

10 Linalool 1,41 1,1811 Camphor 0,11 -

12 Citronellal 0,32 0,38

13 Borneol 0,97 1,31

14 4-Terpineol 0,21 0,24

15 alpha-Terpineol 1,44 1,92

16 Citronellol 1,59 1,89

17 Nerol 6,00 7,0918 Neral 13,99 24,0419 Bornyl Acetate 0,32 0,3820 cis-2,6-Dimethyl-2,6-octadiene 0,46 0,43

21 Copaene 0,25 0,21

22 Beta-Farnesene 0,27 0,24

23 Eugenol - 0,21

24 Alloaromadendren 0,23 0,20

25 Curcumene 2,57 2,0626 Beta-Cubebene - 1,08

27 Zingiberene 10,62 10,8828 alpha-Farnesene 8,05 7,3029 Beta-Bisabolene 2,94 2,59

30 Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene 0,37 0,3931 beta-Sesquiphellandrene 5,37 5,3132 Nerolidol 0,78 0,91

33 gama-Elemene 0,33 0,32

34 beta-Selinol 0,63 0,97

35 Farnesal 0,12 0,28

Theo Bng 5, cc cu phn chnh trong tinh du gng sau khi chng ct bng haiphng php: chng ct li cun hi nc v khi chng ct li cun hi nc ch tr ca vi sng gm Neral, Zingiberene, alpha-Farnesene, Nerol, beta-Sesquiphellandrene. Hn na, tinh du gng sau khi trch ly c mi thm rt ctrng, iu ny l do cc hp phn alpha-Terpineol, beta-Sesquiphellandrene,Curcumene, Nerolidol, chnh l thnh phn to ra hng thm c trng ca tinh

du gng (Smith v Robinso, 1981). Hm lng v loi tinh du cn ph thucnhiu vo tui thu hoch, ging, ngun gc v phng php chng ct(Bednarczyk et al., 1975). Cc thnh phn km phn cc (alpha-Pinene,Camphene, beta-Myrcene, Eucalyptol, Copaene, Curcumene, alpha-Farnesene,

beta-Bisabolene, beta-sesquiphellandrene) trong tinh du gng thu c bng


7/8


68

phng php chng ct c h trca vi sng thp hn. Ngc li, nhng thnhphn phn cc hn do c cha oxi nh: Neral, Borneol, alpha-Terpineol, Nerol,Bornyl Acetate, Nerolidol, beta-Selinol, Farnesal li chim hm lng cao hn,

bi v vi sng u tin tc dng ln nhng hp cht phn cc, gip nhng thnhphn ny tng nhit rt nhanh, thot ra t bo v b li cun theo hi nc dhn. y cng l l do chnh dn n s khc nhau vc tnh cm quan v ccch s ha l ca tinh du gng khi chng ct vi cch khc nhau (Bng 4).

4 KT LUNC gng 7 thng tui c thu hoch, lu tr trong 4 ngy v chng ct trong thigian 16 gihay 80 pht khi chng ct c s h trca vi sng vi cng sut 300Wl ph hp v hiu sut v cht lng ca tinh du thu c. Tuy nhin, chng ctc s h trca vi sng c th gia nhit nhanh, tit kim c thi gian nhnghiu sut trch ly km, c th hiu sut ca qu trnh chng ct tinh du l 0,43432% so vi chng ct c s h trca vi sng l 0,2874 %.Cc cu phn chnh trong tinh du gng sau khi chng ct bng hai phng phptrn gm Neral (13,99 24,04 %), Zingiberene (10,62 10,88 %), alpha-Farnesene (7,3 8,05 %), Nerol (6 7,09 %) v beta- Sesquiphellandrene (5,31

5,37 %).

TI LIU THAM KHO

Bednarczyk A. Allen, William G. Galetto and Amihud Kramer. 1975. Two new sesquiterpene

alcohols from oil of ginger (Zingiber Officinale) (Cis- And Trans-.Beta.-

Sesquiphellandrol) J. Agric. Food Chem., 23, 499.

Borrelli F., Capasso R., Aviello G., Pittler M.H., Izzo A.A., 2005. Effectiveness and safety of

ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. Obstet Gynecol; 105,

849-56.

Chrubasik S., Pittler M.H., Roufogalis B.D., 2005. Zingiberis rhizoma: a comprehensive

review on the ginger effect and efficacy profiles. Phytomedicine;12, 684-701.

Connell, D.W.; Jordan, R.A.,1971. Composition And Distinctive Volatile Flavor

Characteristics Of The Essential Oil From Australian-GrownGinger. J. Sci. Food Agric, 22, 9395.

Huy Bch, ng Quang Chung, Bi Xun Chng, Nguyn Thng Dong, Trungm, Phm Vn Hin, V Ngc L, Phm Dung Mai, Phm Kim Mn, on Th Nhu,Nguyn Tp, Trn Ton. 2004. Cy thuc v ng vt lm thuc Vit Nam, NXB Khoahc v K thut, tp I, trang 613-618.

Hiserodt R.D., Franzblau S.G., Rosen R.T., 1998. Isolation of 6-, 8-, and 10-gingerol from

ginger rhizome by HPLC and preliminary evaluation of inhibition of Mycobacterium

a_ium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46,

25042508.

Kawai, T., Kinoshita, K., Koyama, K.and Takahashi, K. 1994. Anti-emetic principles of

Magnolia obovata and Zingiber officinale. Planta Med. 60, 17-20.

Ravindran, P.N. ; Nirmal Babu, K. 2005. Ginger: The Genus Zingiber, Medicinal And

Aromatic Plants: Industrial Profiles; 41, 87-181.

Sasidharan1 Indu, A. Nirmala Menon, 2010. Comparative Chemical Composition And

Antimicrobial Activity Fresh & Dry Ginger Oils (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe). Journal Of

Current Pharmaceutical Research; 2, 40-43.

Shogi N., Iwasa A., Takemoto T., Ishida Y., Ohizumi Y., 1982. Cardiotonic principles of

ginger (Zingier officinale Roscoe). J Pharm Sci.; 71, 1174.


8/8


69

Smith, R. M. and Robinson, J. M., 1981. The essential oil of ginger from Fiji.

Phytochemistry, 20, 203-206.

Vutyavanich T, Kraisarin T, Ruangsri R. 2001. Ginger for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy:

randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol; 97,577582.

Wang Hong-Wu, Liu Yan-Qing, Wei Shou-Lian, Yan Zi-Jun and Kuan Lu. 2010.

Comparison of Microwave-Assisted and Conventional Hydrodistillation in the Extraction

of Essential Oils from Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Flowers. Molecules, 15, 7715-7723

Zancan K. C., Marcia O.M. Marques, Ademir J. Petenate, M. Angela A. Meireles. 2002.Extraction of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) oleoresin with CO2 and co-solvents: a

study of the antioxidant action of the extracts. Journal of Supercritical Fluids 24, 5776.

khao sat yeu to anh huong den qt chung cat tinh dau gung.pdf

Documents