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Tuesday 30 November, 2010

kilimokwanza@guardian.co.tz

SUPPORTING THE PROMOTERS OF THE GREEN REVOLUTION

WillTanzaniarise to theoccasion?

By Kilimo Kwanza Reporter

The country’s premier so-cial-research institute,Dodoma based Institute ofRural DevelopmentPlanning (IRDP), has de-cided to throw its weight

behind Kilimo Kwanza and boost thecollective national efforts realiseTanzania’s Green Revolution.

IRDP are in the final stages of con-cluding a formal agreement with theTanzania National Business Council,the Public-Private-Partnership coordi-nators of Kilimo Kwanza. Through thearrangement, IRDP’s social researchand training capabilities will becomeavailable to the national green revolu-tion initiative that is intended to elimi-nate mass poverty in the countrythrough the transformation of thecountry’s agriculture.

Last week, a TNBC team led byExecutive Secretary Dunstan Mrutuwere in Dodoma to fine tune the mem-orandum of understanding with IRDPofficials led by Deputy Rector Dr B.D.Sebyiga. Later explaining the signifi-cance of IRDP’s direct entry into thenational Agriculture initiative, TNBC’sMrutu said it would greatly boostKilimo Kwanza sensitisation, training,monitoring and evaluation.

“With IRDPwe shall also be updat-ing Kilimo Kwanza literature,” the

TNBC supremo said.Founded in 1979 by the late pre-

mier Edward Sokoine, the institute fa-cilitates the process of development

planning and management with anemphasis on rural areas by providingtop quality training, research and con-sultancy services aimed at bridging the

knowledge gap between different prac-titioners of development planningwhich include central government sec-tors, local government authorities com-

munity based organisations, non gov-ernmental organisations and the pri-vate sector.

Courses offered at IRDP rangefrom short ones lasting from one to sixweeks for leaders and public officials atall levels in development planning,leadership for grassroots leaders, allthe way to international Masters de-grees in Development Economics andin Environmental and SustainableDevelopment.

The institute carries out researchon various socio-economic issues in thecountry, currently prioritizing povertyreduction, participatory developmentplanning, environment and develop-ment, good governance and the impactof HIV/AIDS on development. IRDPthus has accumulated and keeps up-dating a formidable data base on devel-opment in the country.

IRDP joining the Kilimo Kwanzafold is expected to shorten the buy-inperiod it would take many importantstakeholders and ease the internaliza-tion of the initiative by the rural play-ers at the grassroots. Kilimo Kwanzawas the result of years of research andsearch for the most effective way to getTanzania out of mass poverty. It wasfinally launched by the fourthPresident of Tanzania, Dr JakayaKikwete, on August 3, 2009. KilimoKwanza has since become the focus ofpublic sector planning and budgeting.

EDITORIALThe Guardian KILIMO KWANZA Tuesday 30 November, 2010

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The Guardian KILIMO KWANZATRAINING

Tuesday 30 November, 2010

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When Prime Minister Mr MizengoPeter Pinda took his oath of officeafter re-appointment, his first of-ficial activity was to visit theLocal Government TrainingInstitute at Hombolo in Dodoma

Region. While at the institute, the premier said thatfrom now on, junior and senior officials of local gov-ernment should be trained at it.

According to Mr Pinda the training will enablevillage and ward executives widen their knowledgeon the running of local authorities. The premier’srecommendation covers officials all the way up todistrict commissioners and regional commissioners,whose efficiency and competence he said would beenhanced at the institute.

Currently, the institute is undergoing expansionand modernisation of facilities with funding by theLocal Authority Pensions Fund (LAPF) and will nextyear be able to handle nearly 2000 students. It istherefore well positioned to enhance the implemen-tation of key, strategic national programmes as allofficials posted in local governments all over thecountry shall pass through it.

As of now, and for the foreseeable future, themost important national socio-economic undertakingis the Kilimo Kwanza initiative. It is also the centreupon which government planning and budgeting isfocusing. It would therefore be a gross oversight ifthe Local Government Training Institute of Hombolodid notmake plans to integrate KilimoKwanza in itsvarious curricula as a matter of priority. If this doesnot happen, it would mean that local government of-ficials would continue manning their stations with-out being sensitised about the most important gov-ernment and national initiative.

KilimoKwanza is neither an accident nor a pass-ing fad. It was a result of years of careful study of the

country’s situation in search of the most effectiveway to get the country out of mass poverty.While thecountry is endowed with diverse wealth by nature,including from tourism, marine and mineral re-sources, agriculture is the one currently engagingmost people, a whopping 80 percent, and its im-provement would have the greatest and quickest im-pact.

The government took a well-considered positionto make Kilimo Kwanza central in its planning ac-tivities. It has re-affirmed that position after themandate of the ruling party and the president wasrenewed in the recent general elections.

The prime minister, who is the official championof Kilimo Kwanza, therefore made the appropriatedecision, even for its symbolic value, when he chosehis first duty after re-assuming office, to go toHombolo. For that is where the government officialswho deal with the grassroots are trained. And theseare the people who should ensure that the spirit ofKilimo Kwanza grows amongst the population.Kilimo Kwanza is for a change of mindset, so that100 percent of the Tanzanians start regardingAgriculture as a commercial activity, not merely forsubsistence. For the change to take root quickly, lo-cal government officials need to be sensitised firstand fast. Hombolo is the place to do this.

Wallace MauggoEditor

Local Government TrainingInstitute should join

Agriculture First Initiative

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Will Tanzania riseto the occasion?

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POLICYThe Guardian KILIMO KWANZA Tuesday 30 November, 2010

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The Guardian KILIMO KWANZAPOLICY

Tuesday 30 November, 2010

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By Makuna Chirimi

THE new Minister forAgriculture, Food Securityand Cooperatives(MAFC), Hon ProfJumanne Maghembetakes over the key

Ministry at a time when the countryappears unfit to take advantage of itsagribusiness opportunities and is farfrom being a major food exporter.

Agricultural imports have been in-creasing, with food imports, includingwheat, rice and dairy products, takingthe largest share (80 per cent) of thecountry’s total merchandise imports.

Kilimo Kwanza is part of the gov-ernment’s poverty reduction effortsthat are also geared towards theachievement food security. Agriculturein the context of Kilimo Kwanza con-forms to the world Food andAgricultural Organisation (FAO) defi-nition which includes crops, livestock,fisheries, forestry and bee-keeping.

The implementation of KilimoKwanza comprises ten actionable pil-lars namely: Political will to push ouragricultural transformation, Enhancedfinancing for agriculture, Institutionalreorganization and management ofagriculture, Paradigm shift to strategicagricultural production and Landavailability for agriculture.

Others are Incentives to stimulateinvestments in agriculture,Industrialization for agriculturaltransformation, Science, technologyand human resources to support agri-cultural transformation, InfrastructureDevelopment to support agriculturaltransformation and the Mobilization ofTanzanians to support and participatein the implementation of KilimoKwanza.

The Ministry of Agriculture andFood Cooperatives (MAFC) is a keyplayer in all the pillars and is chargedwith leading other collaborators in seri-ously executing Kilimo Kwanza. TheFourth Pillar of Kilimo Kwanza is sup-posed to provide the paradigm shift tothe strategic framework for the greenrevolution. The framework is almostwholly to be constructed by theMinistry of Agriculture, Food andCooperatives (MAFC).

At the moment implementation ofthe fourth pillar of Kilimo Kwanza isbehind schedule. The identificationand production of strategic crops, live-stock and development of fisheries isthe critical step in achieving the greenrevolution.

Tanzania has 44 million hectares ofland suitable for crop production out of

which only about 10.8 million are un-der cultivation. The country also hasabout 66 million hectares of land suit-able for livestock keeping. Generally,there is ample land suitable for cropand animal production which is underutilized.

However agriculture in Tanzania isvery much affected by inadequacy, sea-sonality and unreliability of rainfalland periodic droughts. It is for this rea-son that irrigation is considered neces-sary for providing protection againstdrought, a means of stabilizing cropproduction and assurance of householdfood security.

Irrigation practices in Tanzaniaare still characterised by low water useefficiency, low water productivity andabsence of a mechanism for exercisingsocioeconomic mobility of water andover dependency on surface water as amajor source for irrigation develop-ment. In addition, irrigation is also atthe centre of most water use conflictsamongst farmers and other users.

Irrigation development is criticallyimportant in ensuring that the nationattains a reliable and sustainable cropproduction and productivity as a movetowards food security and poverty re-duction. At best water in the country isstill poorly distributed in time, space,quantity and quality and at best re-mains a finite and vulnerable resourcethat has to be managed and used on asustainable basis.

One of the commendable structuralchanges in the reconstituted cabinet isthe shifting of the irrigation mandatefrom the Ministry of Water. HonChristopher Chiza, the current DeputyMinister in the MAFC is the immediateformer deputy in the water ministry.This move should result in giving irri-gation the central focus it deserves.

Irrigation holds the key to stabiliz-ing agricultural production inTanzania to improve food security, in-crease farmers’ productivity and in-comes, and also to produce higher val-ued crops such as vegetables and flow-ers. This is instrumental in meetingthe targets of the fourth pillar ofKilimo.

Irrigation boosts crop production to3-4 times than that of rain-fed agricul-ture. With developed/improved irriga-tion infrastructure and water manage-ment, paddy yields on an average canincrease from 1.8 tonnes per hectare to4.5 tonnes per hectare. This wouldhave a huge effect on the total agricul-tural output of the country, especiallytaking into consideration thatTanzania’s agriculture is dominated bysmallholder farmers (peasants) culti-

Water management critical in implementing fourth pillar of Kilimo Kwanza• Focusing on pillar number four

vating small plots ranging between 0.9hectares to 3 hectares.

Sound irrigation development hasthe potential to transform the predom-inantly traditional subsistence rain-fedsystems into profitable, mixed scale(small, medium and large) and com-mercial operations. Irrigation has animportant role to play in the realizationof the primary objectives of a re-ener-gized agriculture and water sectors.However irrigation remains a majorhurdle in the country with most farm-ers depending on rain fed cultivation.

The National Irrigation MasterPlan (2002) identifies the country’s to-tal irrigation development potential as29.4million hectares, of which 2.3 mil-lion ha are classified as high potential;4.8 million ha as medium potential;and 22.3 million ha as low potential.Little over 200,000 ha alone is present-ly under irrigation. Tanzania also hasvast 62,000sq.kms of the fresh surfacewater resources available for crops,livestock and fish farming which isgrossly underutilized. Vast under-ground water sources also remain un-exploited.

However in its implementation re-ports, the Ministry of Water (formerlyMinistry of Water and Irrigation) ad-mitted that huge budget constraintshampered even the minimal develop-ment of 30,000 hectares annually pro-posed in the National Irrigation Master

Plan, putting to doubt the country’sability to meet the projected 7millionhectares under irrigation by 2015.

There is a need to fast track themovement of the irrigation departmentand streamline its inclusion into theMinistry of Agriculture. The existingWater Policy of 2002 was formed afterthe amendment of Water Policy of theyear 1991. It is managed under theMinistry of Water and it is thereforecritical that the two ministries quicklywork out modalities of implementingthe irrigation mandate which relies onwater resources.

For the implementation of theWater Policy, the Ministry of Water de-veloped a National Water SectorDevelopment Strategy 2006 – 2015 anda Water Sector DevelopmentProgramme 2006 – 2025. The main ob-jective of the revised National WaterPolicy is to develop a comprehensiveframework for sustainable develop-ment and management of the nation’swater resources, in which an effectivelegal and institutional framework forits implementation will be put in place.The National Water SectorDevelopment Strategy defines rolesand responsibilities of all stakeholdersand priorities of the sector reforms inthe implementation of the policy.

The policy seeks to address cross-sectoral interests in water, watershedmanagement and integrated and par-ticipatory approaches for water re-sources planning, development andmanagement.

Also, the policy lays a foundationfor sustainable development and man-agement of water resources in thechanging roles of the government fromservice provider to that of coordination,policy and guidelines formulation, andregulation.

The Water Sector has also been in-cluded among priority sectors in theNational Strategy for Growth andReduction of Poverty(NSGRP/MKUKUTA).

Water is becoming increasinglyscarce locally with respect to the de-mands placed upon it.

The opportunity cost of Tanzania sraw water is increasing, especially inmany of the areas considered to haveirrigation development potential.

Irrigation development is criticallyimportant in ensuring that the nationattains a reliable and sustainable cropproduction and productivity as a movetowards food security and poverty re-duction. The total planted area in thecountry has been stable for severalyears and irrigation is therefore a ma-jor source of agricultural growth.

“The opportunitycost of Tanzania sraw water isincreasing,especially in many of the areas consideredto have irrigationdevelopmentpotentia

“

COVER STORYThe Guardian KILIMO KWANZA Tuesday 30 November, 2010

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The Guardian KILIMO KWANZACOVER STORY

Tuesday 30 November, 2010

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By Makuna Chirimi

NO country has achieveda significant measureof socio-economic andstructural transforma-tion without first mod-ernizing its agricul-

ture. No country has significantly re-duced the poverty of its populationwithout achieving a high level of pro-ductivity in agriculture.

Eating is primary to survival. Allliving things feed. You either eat tolive or you live to eat. Either way youstill eat. This makes agriculture cen-

tral to everything.During the launch of Kilimo

Kwanza in August of last year, the sit-ting President Jakaya Kikwete saidthat, “For the socio-economic develop-ment of Tanzania, agriculture is al-most everything.” In his inaugural ad-dress to parliament earlier this month,

the President also promised to increasethe budgetary allocation to agriculturefrom the present 7% to 10% by the year2015. He also promised to fast trackthe formation of a farmer’s bank.Currently only 3 per cent of agricultur-al households have access to credit.

These declarations and promisesare not new. Tanzania endorsed the2003 African Union (AU) MaputoDeclaration that directs all AU mem-ber countries to increase investment inthe agriculture sector to at least 10% ofthe national budget by 2008. Twoyears past the agreed deadline and theTanzanian government is now askingfor five more years to fulfill its earliercommitments.

The government claims 100 %commitment to agriculture. Politicalwill to push our agricultural transfor-mation is the primary pillar of successof the green revolution. Emphasis ongood governance, better coordinationand institutional reorganization in themanagement of agriculture are alsokey ingredients for success.

The transformation of Tanzania’sagriculture is the foundation of thecountry’s socioeconomic development.Agriculture is the foundation of theTanzanian economy. It accounts forabout half of the national income, threequarters of merchandise exports, pro-vides employment opportunities toabout 80 percent of Tanzanians and issource of food for everyone.

Agriculture contributes 26.7% ofthe country’s Gross Domestic Product(GDP); 30% of total exports and 65% ofraw materials for the local industries.Agricultural GDP has grown at 3.3percent per year since 1985, the mainfood crops at 3.5 percent and exportcrops at 5.4 percent per year.Considering that the overall GDPgrowth target for halving abject pover-ty by 2015 was in the range of 10 per-cent, this performance falls short of theneeded growth. The country mustachieve food self sufficiency for its con-tinued stability and development.Currently agriculture contributes 95%of the food consumed in the countrywhile the required level for food selfsufficiency is 120%. Tanzania’s FoodSelf Sufficiency Ratio (SSR) has fluctu-ated between a low of 88 per cent(2003/04) and a high of 112 per cent(2009/10). The SSR compares the vol-ume of domestic food productionagainst the food requirements of thecountry’s population. Furthermore,every year the country experiences sig-nificant variations in food security be-tween different regions and districts.

This country should be a majorfood-exporting country but currentlystruggles to meet its own food require-ments due to low productivity and thepredominance of subsistence farming.To achieve the transformation of agri-culture, the business environment ingeneral and for agriculture in particu-lar has to be improved.

Making food crop production prof-itable is the biggest challenge and re-quires a significant scale enhance-ment. Increased food production willsignificantly reduce the level of infla-tion, since food contributes 55.9% ofthe inflation basket.

Agriculture has linkages with thenon-farm sector through forward link-ages to agro-processing, consumptionand export. It provides raw materialsto industries and a market for manu-factured goods. The agricultural sectorhas the highest multiplier effect in theeconomy. When agriculture sneezes,the whole country catches a cold.

But why is a potential food ex-porter still importing food?

Of the 44 million hectares ofarable, available and suitable land forfarming in Tanzania, only 23% is cur-rently under cultivation. The averagefood crop productivity in the country is1.7 tonnes per hectare, whereas goodmanagement and optimal fertiliser useshould result in yields of 3.5 - 4 tonnesper hectare. The total planted area hasbeen stable for several years so landexpansion could be a major source ofagricultural growth.

Only 15 per cent of all farmers inthe country use fertilisers. Fertilizerinputs in agriculture remain at 9 kgper hectare. In Malawi, a country thathas been cited as a beacon for agrarianrevolution in Africa it fertilizer use isat 27kg per hectare while in developedcountries it is over 200 kg per hectare.

Tanzanian agriculture is heavilydependent on food crops, yet we alsoproduce more mouths than we canfeed. The agricultural sector’s growthrate in 2009/10 was 1.5%, much lowerthan the annual national populationgrowth of 3%.

Food crops need to be given top pri-ority for food self sufficiency to beachieved. The country’s horticulturalsector (vegetables, fruits and cut flow-ers) is still very small and contributeslittle more than 1 per cent to total mer-chandise exports. More efforts need tobe geared in this high value sector thathas a potential to transform farmer’slives. Irrigation development inTanzania is critically important in en-suring that the nation attains a reli-able and sustainable crop productionand productivity as a move towardsfood security and poverty reduction.Irrigation can boosts crop production to3-4 times than that of rain-fed agricul-ture.

Ours is an erratic, unreliable andnon-uniformly distributed rain fedagriculture. This dependence on rainfed agriculture has left the countrytremendously vulnerable to the va-garies of weather. The NationalIrrigation Master Plan (2002) identi-fies the country’s total irrigation devel-opment potential as 29.4millionhectares, of which 2.3 million ha areclassified as high potential; 4.8 millionha as medium potential; and 22.3 mil-lion ha as low potential. Little over200,000 ha alone is presently under ir-rigation.

Tanzania has a vast 62,000sq.kmsof the fresh water resources availablefor crops, livestock and fish farmingwhich is grossly underutilized. Even inthe so called “arid areas” vast under-ground water sources lie unutilizedsometimes at surprisingly shallowdepths of less than 10 metres. Using ahand hoe, a young healthy man can diga ten metre deep hole in a day or two.

A large proportion of the country’s

agricultural harvest is lost becausefarmers cannot get their produce to themarket and are unable to store theirharvests. Of Tanzania’s road networkof 85 000 kilometres, slighlty over 4000 kilometres are paved and someparts, primarily in the south, are im-passable during the rainy season.

If all the food grown in this countrywere to be properly harvested andstored then this country would morethan double its agricultural outputwithout adding a single tractor or bagof fertilizer. Currently over 40% of allgrain produce goes to waste before itleaves the farm. Over 70% of all fruitproduce rots. Yet the country importsfruit juice, jam and other fruit prod-

ucts. Local juice manufacturers alsoimport fake fruit powder and fruitsyrup to produce juice. More insulting-ly, most of the fruit and vegetablesfound on the counters of supermarketsand high end grocery stores in thecountry are imported.

If all the milk produced in thecountry was sold instead of half of itgoing to waste it would add up an esti-mated 2 billion/- per day to the farm-ers’ income. A vibrant milk industrycould generate 10 times the tax rev-enue currently collected from importedmilk products. Instead uncontrolledimportation of milk into the countrysometimes forces local producers topour milk away.

Tanzanian farmers remain un-equally yoked to the hand hoe thou-sands of years after mechanised tech-nology was invented. About 70 percentof Tanzania’s crop area is cultivated byhand hoe, 20 percent by ox plough andonly 10 percent by tractor. Where therewere 17,000 working tractors in the1970’s, only 8,000 remain. The countryneeds at least 20,000 working tractorsto achieve agricultural self sufficiency.

Tanzania’s agriculture is dominat-ed by smallholder farmers (peasants)cultivating small plots ranging be-tween 0.9 hectares to 3 hectares. Thisis often hardly enough to feed thefarmers family for a year. According toAndrew Temu, Professor of

Agricultural Economics at SokoineUniversity, a major problem is thatsmallholder farmers in the countryprincipally maximize food self-suffi-ciency instead of their profits.

Two major constraints keepTanzanian farmers in subsistencefarming: the lack of incentives to pro-duce for the market and the absence ofeconomies of scale. The country issomehow unable to take advantage ofavailable food markets in the eightneighbouring countries. There is aneed to establish industries to providebackward and forward linkages for theagricultural sector and increase accessto local and foreign markets for valueadded products.

The Tanzanian Investment Centre(TIC) identified difficulty to acquireland as one of the 11 greatest impedi-ments to attracting foreign invest-ment. Land titling is permissible forsurveyed land, but to date most ruralland has not been surveyed, and so ti-tling is rare. Currently most of the landin the country remains un-surveyedand untitled.

The land tenure system plays animportant role in the establishment ofself-reliant and sustainable agricul-ture. Most of the cultivated area is heldby small-scale smallholder farmerswho hold it through customary right ofoccupancy and most of them are un-

aware of the importance of land regis-tration for title deeds. Land adminis-tration procedures are also not stream-lined to the extent that the granting oftitle deeds is painstakingly slow. Thissituation discourages potential in-vestors from investing into mediumand large scale irrigated agriculture.

The 19 million cattle, 17 millionsheep and goats and over 30 millionchicken are not commercially exploit-ed. Over 90% of the livestock popula-tion is of indigenous types known fortheir low genetic potential. In spite ofboasting the third largest cattle herd inthe continent, Tanzania’s per capitamilk consumption is estimated at only22 litres per annum, which is one of thelowest in sub-Saharan Africa. This ispartly due to the predominance of thelow milk producing zebu cattle and arelatively small improved dairy herdproducing below potential.

Inadequate infrastructure for pro-cessing and marketing of livestock andlivestock products has opened the mar-ket to highly subsidised imported live-stock products even from neighbouringEAC countries. These discourage in-vestments and create unfair competi-tion for locally produced products inthe livestock industry. Unavailabilityof credit facilities to large, medium and

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Will Tanzania rise to the occasion?

Dr Mary NaguMinister for Investmentand Empowerment

Prof Anna TibaijukaMinister for Lands andHuman Settlements

Prof Mark MwandosyaMinister for Water

Prof Jumanne MaghembeMinister for Agriculture,Food and Cooperatives

Continues on page 7

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COVER STORYThe Guardian KILIMO KWANZA Tuesday 30 November, 2010

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small-scale livestock entrepreneurs and low capitalinvestment also limits the expansion and commer-cialisation of the industry.

Less than 10% of milk produced in the country ismarketed as processed milk and milk products.

About 40% of the 3.9 million agricultural house-holds in Tanzania are involved in crops and livestockproduction. This means that supporting the livestockindustry alone will have a positive effect on the livesof 40% of the country’s farmers.

The present annual fish catch is estimated at 350metric tonnes. According to the Board of ExternalTrade, 40 per cent of the fish catch from Victoria Lakeis lost before processing because of insufficient stor-age. Cold-storage facilities are practically non-exis-tent or subject to unstable electricity supply.Inadequate fish inspection and quality control mech-anisms, poor handling and inadequate processingmethods coupled with poor transport and distributionnetworks also contribute to high post harvest losses.

The country has 1,424kms of coastline and223,000sq.kms of Tanzania’s Exclusive EconomicZone of the Indian Ocean which is not being effective-ly exploited for its fishing and marine resource.Recently Tanzania’s most important non-traditionalagricultural export has become fish and fish productswhich earned half as much as all traditional agricul-tural exports.

The new Minister for Agriculture, Food Securityand Cooperatives, Hon Prof Jumanne Maghembetakes over the key Ministry at a time when the coun-try appears unfit to take advantage of its agribusinessopportunities and is far from being a major food ex-porter. Agricultural imports have been increasing,with food imports, including wheat, rice and dairyproducts, taking the largest share (80 per cent) of to-tal merchandise imports. The Ministry of Livestock

and Fisheries has the mandate of overall manage-ment and development of livestock and fisheries re-sources. The ministry is now under the tutelage ofHon Dr Mathayo David Mathayo, promoted from theportfolio of Deputy Minister in the Ministry ofAgriculture, Food security and Cooperatives. He isdeputized by Hon Benedict Ole Nangoro, a new cabi-net appointee. The livestock industry has maintaineda steady annual growth rate of over 2.7 percent dur-ing the last decade. This is lower than the humanpopulation growth rate of 3%, and falls far short of theprojected 9% industry growth by this years end.

Focus of future government funding for servicesin livestock farming should focus on the public goodsthat are needed for efficient growth of the industrysuch as rural infrastructure, research, extension serv-ices, epidemic diseases and vector control.

The fisheries sector has a lot of economic and so-cial significance to the country. The sector contributesaround 10% of the national GDP. It is the main sourceof protein to nearly one third of the country's popula-tion. Around 80,000 fishermen are employed full timein the fisheries and a few other millions derive theireconomic livelihood from the sector in one way or an-other in fisheries related activities. It is also a sourceof recreation. tourism and foreign exchange.

Fish contributes about 30% of the total animalprotein in take in Tanzania. This is significant as themajority of the consumers are relatively low-incomeearners who cannot afford other more expensivesources of protein. There is a growing demand for fish

created by population growth estimated at 3.5% perannum.

The livestock ministry bids farewell to Hon JohnPombe Magufuli and wishes him well as he strives toimprove the road network for farmers in the WorksMinistry. Poor infrastructure means that many farm-ers are unable to take their produce to market. Thecountry needs to develop infrastructure for irrigation,rural electrification, storage, roads, railways, ports,airports, market centres and information technologyto agricultural transformation.

Tanzania's average population density is relative-ly low at about 32 people /km2, and therefore popula-tion pressure on scarce land resources is not a majorproblem theoretically. Availability of land for agricul-ture alone is not enough. There is a need to facilitateaccess to land for agriculture and enhance security oftenure. Land is an economic good of an increasing val-ue. It plays a great role in the process of poverty re-duction . The Ministry of Lands, Housing and HumanSettlements Development has been mandated to ad-minister land and human settlement in Tanzania.Under the direction of former UN-HABITAT Directorfor Human settlements and now Member ofParliament for Muleba Constituency, Prof AnnaTibaijuka, the Ministry has its work cut out in pro-moting the harmonious and judicious exploitation ofthe land resource. The ministry needs to create an en-abling environment for using land to access credit.

The problem of land tenure system, water andpasture resources is also critical in livestock keeping.There is often lack of proper arrangement to allocateland and give ownership of grazing areas according totraditional or legal procedures. Frequent changes oflivestock grazing areas into crop cultivation areas,game reserves and the migration of livestock farmersare some of the challenges faced by the sector andwhich the lands ministry would do best to address.

The Water Policy of 2002 is managed under theMinistry for Water under Minister Hon Prof MarkMwandosya and his deputy Gerson Lwinge. With thewealth of experience from his portolio as DeputyMinister for Water and Irrigation, Hon ChristopherChiza, who now serves in a similar position within theMinistry of Agriculture, Food Security andCooperatives will do best to spearhead the implemen-tation of the irrigation mandate that has been movedto the ministry.

Irrigation holds the key to stabilizing agricultur-al production in Tanzania to improve food security,increase farmers’ productivity and incomes, and alsoto produce higher valued crops such as vegetables andeven flowers. Irrigation has an important role to playin the realization of the primary objectives of a re-en-ergized agriculture and water sectors.

Access to credit remains a major hurdle forTanzanian agribusinesses. Farmers are not able toobtain the financial means to buy productivity-en-hancing inputs such as machinery, seeds, fertilizers,chemicals and pesticides. Few banks are located inthe rural areas. Agricultural lending is negativelyviewed by Tanzania’s financial institutions.

Serious commitment to mobilization of financialresources from the private sector, financial institu-tions, government, and development partnersthrough an agricultural development bank is criticalto the success of Kilimo. The government needs to in-tegrate Kilimo Kwanza in the government machin-ery, to consistently monitor and evaluate its imple-mentation and to sensitize and mobilize Tanzaniansto support and implement the green revolution.

Kilimo Kwanza is a national resolve to accelerateagricultural transformation. It comprises a holisticset of policy instruments and strategic interventionstowards addressing the various sectoral challengesand taking advantage of the numerous opportunitiesto modernize and commercialize agriculture inTanzania.It is a central pillar in achieving the coun-try’s Vision 2025 and a force to propel the realizationof the nation’s socio-economic development goals.

Additional information from the followingsources:• The Tanzania national website -www.tanzania.go.tz

• OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE (2008),Business for Development: PromotingCommercial Agriculture in Africa OECDDevelopment Centre, Paris.

• USAID (2008), Tanzania’s Agenda for Action,February 2008, Dar es Salaam.

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FOR PRACTICAL KILIMO KWANZA POLICY

WINDMILLS ENGINEERS TANZANIA TERRITORY

TATEECO LIMITED

The manufacturers of: POLDAWWIND PUMPS (TANZANIA). The local agent for. KIJITOWINDPUMPS, (Rotor size 1.8m -7.5m). Storage tanksconstruction, windmills, sales,installation, spares andservices, including survey &advice for irrigation farming,water supply system toinstitutions, research centers,villages, hospitals, flowerfarms, fish ponds, cattle’stroughs, ranches, parks etc.

LAKE, RIVER, WELL, DAM OR ANY WATER SOURCEAND LAND/ FARM FOR IRRIGATION FARMING

TATEECO LIMITED, P.O. BOX 129 MUSOMA.E-mail: casseno06@yahoo.com. Mobile: +255 784 – 427817/ 0767-427817(M.D & TECHNICAL DEPT. – MR. NATHANIEL ASSENO)

IF YOU HAVE:

CONTACT:

KILIMOKWANZADIRECTORY

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WATER AND SANITATION

Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Authority(DAWASA) – Tel: +255 22 276 0006

Dar es Salaam Water and Sewarage Corporation(DAWASCO) Tel: +255 22-2131191/4

Drilling and Dam Construction Agency (DDCA)Tel: +255 22 2410430/2410299

Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority Tel: +255 22 2123850, 22 2123853

Water and Environmental Sanitation ProjectsMaintenance Organization (WEPMO)Tel: +255 22 2410738, 716 099959

Ministry of WaterTel: +255 22 245 1448

INDUSTRY SUPPORT ANDASSOCIATIONS

Small Industries Development Organization(SIDO) – Email: dg@sido.go.tz, info@sido.go.tz

ANSAF - P.O. Box 6370, Dar es Salaam

CNFA - info@cnfatanzania.org

Tractors LimitedCells: +255 784 421606, 786 150213

Consolidated Holdings Corporation (CHC)Tel: 255 (022) 2117988/9

Vocational Education and Training Authority(VETA) – Tel: +255 22 2863683/2863409

Export Processing Zones in Tanzania (EPZ)Tel: +255 22 2451827-9

Agricultural Economics Society of Tanzania(AGREST) – Tel. +255-23 260 3415

Tanzania National Business Council (TNBC)Tel: +255 22 2122984-6

Tanzania Agriculture Partnership (TAP)Tel: +255 22 2124851

Tanzania Milk Processors Association (TAMPA)Tel: +255 222 450 426

Rural Livelihood Development Company (RLDC)Tel: +255 26 2321455

Tanzania Cotton BoardTel: +255 22 2122564, 2128347

Horticultural Development Council of Tanzania (HODECT)Cell: +255 789 222 344; Fax: +255 27254 4568

TATEECO Ltd – Tel: +255 784 427817

AGRO-PROCESSING

ERTH Food - Tel: +255 22 2862040

MUKPAR Tanzania Ltd Tel: +255 28 250038/184

ASAS Diaries Limited - Tel: +255 26 2725200

Tanga Fresh – Tel +255 27 2644238

NatureRipe Kilimanjaro LimitedTel: +255 22 21 51457

EQUIPMENT

Gurudumu Tatu LimitedTel: +255 22 2865632 / 2863699

National Service Corporation Sole (SUMAJKT)Cell: +255 717 993 874, 715 787 887

FINANCE

Private Agricultural Sector Support (PASS)Tel: 023-3752/3758/3765

Community Bank AssociationTel: +255 22 2123245

Bank of TanzaniaP.O. Box 2939, Dar es Slaam, Tanzania

AGRO-INPUTS

Minjingu Mines & Fertilizers LtdTel: +255 27 253 9259 250 4679

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