kimberly alcala
TRANSCRIPT
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Landslides
By: Kimberly Alcala
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Definition
Landslides are rock, earth, and/or debrisflowing or sliding down slopes due togravity.
The downward sliding of a relatively dry
mass of earth and rock.
the falling or sliding of a mass of soil,
detritus, or rock on or from a steep slope.
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CausesHeavy rains
Earthquakes
Volcano eruptions
Floods
Grading
Terrain Cutting
Droughts
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Air
Confined by falling rock debris,
air may act as a cushion to
reduce the friction between thesliding material and the
underlying rock or ground.
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Gravity
Gravity provides the energy to
displace the soil and bedrock, but
other factors contribute to anincrease in stress and decrease in
strength. A stress tends to make part
of a block material slide blockmaterial slide with respect to an
adjoining part.
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Vibrations
Vibrations from blasting, heavy traffic
and earthquakes also can contribute toshear stress and precipitate slides.
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Speed
Landslides travel at least over than 260
feet per second
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TypesRockfalls- large chunks of rock that tumble down acliff or steep slopes
Lahars- ash from a volcano mixes with water, to forma thick river of mud
Earthflows- contain less water and flow more slowly;move shorter distances
Slope Failure- involve one block or a series of slumpblocks
Slump- larges masses move downward and outwarddue to a gravity pull
Debris Slides- consist of moving masses of mud, soil,
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Hotspots
Anywhere with steep slopes andweathering
High mountain ranges, sheer cliffs, andsteep sided river valleys
Where volcanoes erupt and alongcoasts
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Effects
Bury entire villages that are at thebottom of the mountain range
Close roads
Rapidly moving water and debris cancause trauma
Broken gas, electric, water, and sewagelines can break
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EffectsLandslides also sweep up trees, cars,
and buildings
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Traffic Stops
Landslides can cause a headache for many
travelers on the road
Landslides occur on hills near roads quite
often causing bad traffic
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Pictures
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Safe Spots From Landslides
Stay on hard bedrock that has not beenmoved lately or in the past
Stay on relatively flat-lying areas far fromslopes or river banks
Stay at the top of ridges, away from thetop of slopes
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SUMMARYA landslide or landslip is a geoligcal phenomenon
which includes a wide range of groundmovements, such as rockfalls, deep failure of
slopes and shallow debris flows, which can occur
in offshore, coastal and onshore environments.
Although the action of gravity is the primary drivingforce for a landslide to occur, there are other
contributing factors affecting the original slope
stability.Typically, pre-conditional factors build upspecific sub-surface conditions that make the
area/slope prone to failure, whereas the actual
landslide often requires a trigger before being
released.
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REFLECTION
Landslides occur in many geographicregions, in response to a wide variety of
conditions and processes, and result in
substantial damages. Although some
landslides are due to human activity, othersare unavoidable natural processes that
occur on apparently undisturbed land, and
this differing causality may require attentionby a number of different regulating
authorities.