kinetic potential heat or thermal chemical electrical types of energy and energy transfer
TRANSCRIPT
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KINETIC
POTENTIAL
HEAT OR THERMAL
CHEMICAL
ELECTRICAL
Types of Energy and Energy Transfer
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Potential and Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Energy that is stored
Energy of position
Kinetic Energy
Energy that is in motion
An increase in kinetic energy will increase particle movement
Temperature is a measure of an object’s average kinetic energy
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Heat Transfer
The science of how heat flows is called heat transfer.
There are three ways heat transfer works: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Heat flow depends on the temperature difference.
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Heat or Thermal Energy
Thermal Energy or Heat always flows from hot object to cooler object until there is Thermal Equilibrium
Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed…
So energy is Transformed
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1. Describe the difference between kinetic and potential energy
2. What is the law of conservation of energy?
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CONDUCTION
RADIATION
CONVECTION
Energy Transformation
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What is Conduction? Conduction in Action
Transfer of heat through direct contact
Heat flows from hot item to cooler item until equilibrium is reached.
Conduction
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Heat Conduction
A thermal insulator is a material that conducts heat poorly.
Heat flows very slowly through the plastic so that the temperature of your hand does not rise very much.
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Heat Conduction
Styrofoam gets its insulating ability by trapping spaces of air in bubbles.
Solids usually are better heat conductors than liquids, and liquids are better conductors than gases.
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Heat Conduction
The ability to conduct heat often depends more on the structure of a material than on the material itself. Solid glass is a thermal
conductor when it is formed into a beaker or cup.
When glass is spun into fine fibers, the trapped air makes a thermal insulator.
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Insulators and Conductors
Thermal Insulators
Do not transfer heat well
Used for items where heat is to be retained
Examples include:StyrofoamWoodDown Feathers
Thermal Conductors
Transfer heat very well
Used when it is necessary to move heat from one place to another
Examples include:Most metals
including copper and aluminum
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Describe the difference between a thermal insulator with a thermal conductor….give an example of each.
What is thermal radiation?What is thermal equilibrium?
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Radiation
Radiation is heat transfer by electromagnetic waves.
Thermal radiation is electromagnetic waves (including light) produced by objects because of their temperature.
The higher the temperature of an object, the more thermal radiation it gives off.
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What is RadiationRadiation in Action
The transfer of thermal energy when objects are not touching
Energy of the sun is radiated by electromagnetic waves
Light bulbs are another example of radiant energy
Radiation
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Convection
Convection is the transfer of heat by the motion of liquids and gases.
Convection in a gas occurs because gas expands when heated. Convection occurs
because currents flow when hot gas rises and cool gas sink.
Convection in liquids also occurs because of differences in density.
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1. What are the 3 different ways that heat energy can be transferred? Explain or give an example of each.
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Convection and Continental Drift
Convection in the Mantle
Convection currents below the surface, cause a rise and fall of magma.
It is the widely held theory that these currents cause plate movement.
Convection and Earth’s Layers
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Temperature Lab
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AS WE HAVE SEEN, ENERGY CAUSES CHANGE
CHANGE LEADS TO MOVEMENT OF EARTH’S
SURFACE
MOVEMENT LEADS TO STRESSES AT THE SURFACE
Energy and Movement of the Crust
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Compression Tension
Compression is when two surfaces collide “head on”
This leads to folding and crumpling of the crust
This is when two surfaces move away from each other
This leads to breaks or cracks in the crust
Types of Stress
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Shearing
Shearing is when two surfaces slide past each other, moving in opposite directions.
The San Andreas Fault line is a famous example of shearing forces.
This leads to “scars” on the landscape
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San Andreas Fault
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Folded MountainCompression Stress
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Folded Mountain
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FaultingTensile Stress/Pulling Apart
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Magma and Rock
Magma is the parent material for all rockRock is: a hard surface composed of minerals
and found in the crust.Rock is categorized by Geologists into 3
categories
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
Granite
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Metamorphic Rock
Quartzite
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Sedimentary Rock
Sandstone