kingdom animalia fun stuff!!. animalia : 9 main phyla 1. porifera 2. cnidaria 3. platyhelminths 4....
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KINGDOM ANIMALIAFun stuff!!
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ANIMALIA : 9 MAIN PHYLA
1. Porifera2. Cnidaria3. Platyhelminths4. Nematoda5. Annelida6. Mollusca7. Arthropoda8. Echinodermata9. Chordata
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3 GERM OR CELL LAYERS
Ectoderm – outer layer cover Mesoderm – Muscle & organ layer Endoderm – Digestive tract
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PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN ANIMALIA
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PHYLUM PORIFERA Sponges Simple creatures Marine & fresh water No true tissues, so no organs No specialized cellular function Most are Hermaphroditic - perform female &
male functions Can reproduce sexually or asexually Sessile – do not move Suspension feeders
If you cut a sponge, it will spontaneously reaggregate back into a sponges
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ARE YOU SPONGEWORTHY?
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PORIFERA PHYSIOLOGY
Water flows into the sponge through Porocytes, entering a cavity called Spongocoel
The spongocoel is lined with feeding cells called choanocytes Choanocytes beat their flagella to create a
current that draws water into the porocytes Ameobocytes – transfer nutrients to other
cells of the sponge’s body
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CNIDARIA
Eumetazoans Jellyfish & Corals Radial Symmetry Lack Mesoderm 2 Body arrangements:
Polyp – Asexual, cylinder-shaped, & Attached Medusa – Sexual, flat, and Roams for food
Use tentacles to capture & eat prey
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CNIDARIA
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QUESTIONS
1. Are Cnidarians protosomes or deuterosomes?
2. How do sponges feed?
3. What are Choanocytes & what is their function?
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PLATYHELMINTHS Flatworms Acoelomates Protosomes Bilaterally symmetrical Some Cephalization – Formation of head
structure
3 Important forms Flukes – Parasitic & alternate between asex &
sex reprod. Planarians – Free-living carnivores in fresh water Tapeworms – Parasitic flatworms that tend to live
in vertebrates, like humans!!
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ROTIFERA
Pseudocoelomates Bilateral Symmetry Separate mouth & anus Microscopic True digestive canal
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NEMATODA
Roundworms Protosomes Pseudocoelomates Bilaterally Symmetric Some cause Trichinosis
GI illness due to tainted pork
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MOLLUSCA
Snails, slugs, octopus, & squid Protosomes Coelomates – full digestive systems Soft body with calcium-containing shell Bilateral symmetry Bivalves – Clams and Oysters
Have hinged shells that are divided into 2 parts
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ANNELIDA
Segmented Worm Earthworms & Leaches Protosome, Bilaterally Symmetrical,
Coelomates Digestive tract is tube-within-a-tube Hermaphroditic Blood with hemoglobin Closed circulatory system Gas diffusion across skin Nephridia used for excretion – precursor to
kidneys
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EARTHWORM ANATOMY
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ARTHROPODA
Protosome Coelomate Jointed Appendages Segmented: head, thorax, & abdomen Chitinous exoskeleton May have a larval stage Open circulatory system Malphigian tubules – removes nitrogenous
waste Trachea – air ducts, bring air in from the
environment Some have book lungs or gills
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ECHINODERMATA
Sea stars Deuterosome coelomates Sessile or slow moving Bilateral symmetry as embryo, but reverts to
primitive form of symmetry (radial) as an adult
Water Vascular system Sexual Reproduction – External fertilization Asexual Reproduction – fragmentation &
regeneration Calcium based endoskeleton
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ECHINODERMATA PHYSIOLOGY
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Examples of Echinoderms
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CHORDATA
Deuterosome coelomates Invertebrates & Vertebrates
Vertebrates – possessing backbone
Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord – forms the nervous system & becomes the Brain & spinal cord
Notochord – Long support rod that is replaced by bone in vertebrates
Pharyngeal Gill slits – functions in breathing or feeding
Tail – Lost in many animals by birth
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CHORDATES
Can be homeothermic (homo – same) or poikilothermic Homeothermic – maintains consistent body
temperature Birds & Mammals
Poikilothermic – Cold blooded, attain heat from external environment Iguanas and cold environment
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COMPLETE THE TABLEPhylum Example Symmetr
yCoelom -Some Germ
Layers
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminths
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata
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COMPLETED TABLEPhylum Example Symmetr
yCoelom -Some Germ
Layers
Porifera Sponge ----- ------ ------ 1
Cnidaria Hydra Radial ------ ------ 1
Platyhelminths Planaria Bi Acoelomate P 1
Nematoda Pinworm Bi Pseudo- P 2
Annelida Earthworm Bi Coelomate P 3
Mollusca Clam Bi Coelomate P 3
Arthropoda Insect Bi Coelomate P 3
Echinodermata Starfish Bi ------ Deutero
3
Chordata Dog/Human Bi ------ Deutero
3