kingdom: plantae
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KINGDOM: PLANTAE. Chapter 20-25. Vocabulary. Adaptation Alternation of generations Colonial Dicots Enclosed seeds Flowers fruit. Leaves Monocots Multicellular Pollen Roots Seeds Stems Unicellular Vascular tissue. Green Algae, Moss, and Ferns. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
KINGDOM: PLANTAE
Chapter 20-25
Vocabulary
• Adaptation• Alternation of
generations• Colonial• Dicots• Enclosed seeds• Flowers• fruit
• Leaves• Monocots• Multicellular• Pollen• Roots• Seeds• Stems• Unicellular• Vascular tissue
Green Algae, Moss, and Ferns
• Describe characteristics – p. 433-438, 448-452, 455-457
• Benefits of alternation of generations – p. 440-441, 451-454, 458-459
• Unicellular, colonial, multicellular algae diversity – p. 435-438
• Ecological roles – p. 442, 460-461• Moss as pioneers – p. 449-453• Adapting to land – p. 452-453, 455-456
Gymnosperms
• Characteristics – p. 467-473• Adapting to land with respect to: alternation
of generations, needles, seeds, pollen, vascular tissue – p.469-470, 473, 492-493, 534
• Role of meristems in primary and secondary growth – p. 491
• Economic and ecological importance – Chapter 49. p. 1063-1065
ANGIOSPERMS
• Characteristics – p. 473-476, 517-518, 534-539
• Compare and contrast gymnosperms and angiosperms relating to adapting to land – p. 467-470, 473-474, 476-481, 508-511
• Monocots and dicots – p.474-475, 539-540
Characteristics of Plants
1. multicellular2. eukaryotic-- have a nucleus-- DNA inside nucleus (in the form of
chromosomes)3. have cell wall with cellulose4. aerobic5. autotrophic (photosynthesize - have
chlorophyll)6. large (compared to bacteria)
Plant Evolution
Reproduction in Plants
• Sexual reproduction: go through 2 different life stages using a method called “alternation of generations
• Asexual reproduction: by fission, fragmentation or zoospores (motile spores)
Alternation of GenerationsA life cycle in which there are two distinct life stages
that occur alternately for a species
Stage 1 • Diploid (2N – each cell has two sets of chromosomes)
– Called the sporophyte– Produce gametes (= sex cells = haploid cells) by meiosis
Stage 2• Haploid (1N – each cell has one set of chromosomes)
– Called the gametophyte– Fuse to form a sporophyte (= zygote = diploid cells) by
fertilization
Evolutionary Trends in alternation of generations
• Note that as plants have evolved into more complex, larger forms– The diploid stage is
larger relative to the haploid stage
– The diploid stage is the longer lasting stage in the life cycle
Adaptation to life in water
No problem with:
1. dehydration2. rapid temperature changes3. extreme temperatures (narrower temp.
range in the oceans)4. support
Adaptation to life on land1. keep membranes moist for gas exchange (e.g.,
roots in the soil)2. support without buoyancy of water (e.g., woody
stem)3. transport water in the body (e.g., vascular
system)4. conserve water in the body (e.g., leathery
tissues)5. reproduction in a dry environment (e.g.,
pollination)6. development of the early embryo (e.g., in a
protective seed)7. survive rapid environmental changes (e.g.,
dormant)