Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Plantae

Chapter 22: Chapter 22: Introduction to PlantsIntroduction to Plants

Why are plants important?Why are plants important? KingdomKingdom

ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria EubacteriaEubacteria ProtistaProtista FungiFungi PlantaePlantae AnimaliaAnimalia

Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Plantae

General CharacteristicsGeneral Characteristics EukaryoticEukaryotic MulticellularMulticellular AutotrophicAutotrophic PhotosyntheticPhotosynthetic Alternation of Alternation of

GenerationsGenerations n=gametophyten=gametophyte 2n=sporophyte2n=sporophyte

The Importance of PlantsThe Importance of Plants

Plants and PeoplePlants and People FoodFood Non-food usesNon-food uses

Medicine & industrial Medicine & industrial usesuses

Plants and the Plants and the EnvironmentEnvironment EcologyEcology

InteractionsInteractions

Harmful plantsHarmful plants

What Plants Need to SurviveWhat Plants Need to Survive

SunlightSunlight Water and MineralsWater and Minerals Gas ExchangeGas Exchange Movement of Water and NutrientsMovement of Water and Nutrients

Early PlantsEarly Plants

Change in the EnvironmentChange in the Environment Origins in WaterOrigins in Water

ChlorophytaChlorophyta Natural selectionNatural selection ChallengesChallenges

Preventing Water LossPreventing Water Loss Waxy cuticleWaxy cuticle stomatastomata

Reproduction by spores and Reproduction by spores and seedsseeds

Transporting materialsTransporting materials

Overview of the Plant KingdomOverview of the Plant Kingdom NonvascularNonvascular

BryophytaBryophyta No specialized tissues to transport fluidsNo specialized tissues to transport fluids Examples – moss, liverworts and hornwortsExamples – moss, liverworts and hornworts

VascularVascular PterophytaPterophyta

Specialized tissuesSpecialized tissues Seedless Seedless Examples – Fern, Horsetail and Club MossExamples – Fern, Horsetail and Club Moss

Seed Seed Gymnosperm Gymnosperm

Cones with Naked seedsCones with Naked seeds Example – Conifer, Cycad and GinkgoExample – Conifer, Cycad and Ginkgo

Angiosperm Angiosperm Flowering and FruitsFlowering and Fruits Woody and herbaceousWoody and herbaceous

Chapter 23: Chapter 23: Structures of Seed PlantsStructures of Seed Plants

Three Principal OrgansThree Principal Organs RootsRoots StemsStems LeavesLeaves

Specialized Tissue in PlantsSpecialized Tissue in Plants

Dermal TissueDermal Tissue single layer w/ cuticlesingle layer w/ cuticle

Ground TissueGround Tissue Bulk of plantBulk of plant

Vascular TissueVascular Tissue Support and Support and

transportation of food transportation of food and waterand water

Vascular TissueVascular Tissue

XylemXylem Water movementWater movement Tracheid cellsTracheid cells

PhloemPhloem Sugar and nutrient Sugar and nutrient

movementmovement Sieve tube elementsSieve tube elements

Specialized Plant Cells in Ground Specialized Plant Cells in Ground TissueTissue

Parenchyma Parenchyma Collenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Sclerenchyma

-general-general - strand/ cylinder - support - strand/ cylinder - support

RootsRoots

Types of RootsTypes of Roots TaprootTaproot FibrousFibrous adventitiousadventitious

Root FunctionsRoot Functions AnchorAnchor Absorb waterAbsorb water

Root hairsRoot hairs

Absorb mineralsAbsorb minerals

How does water get to theHow does water get to the

top of a tree?top of a tree?

StemsStems

FunctionsFunctions Produce leaves, branches Produce leaves, branches

and flowersand flowers Transport of waterTransport of water Storing water and nutrientsStoring water and nutrients Support leavesSupport leaves

Growth of StemsGrowth of Stems Primary growth – cell Primary growth – cell

division of apical division of apical meristemmeristem

Secondary growth – Secondary growth – various layers of xylem various layers of xylem and phloemand phloem

Reading a Tree’s History Reading a Tree’s History - - DendrochronologyDendrochronology

LeavesLeaves

Types of LeavesTypes of Leaves Simple and compoundSimple and compound

Leaf StructureLeaf Structure FunctionsFunctions

Modifications for Modifications for capturing lightcapturing light

Gas exchangeGas exchange TranspirationTranspiration

Chapter 24: Plant ReproductionChapter 24: Plant Reproduction

Life CyclesLife Cycles

Moss Fern ConiferMoss Fern Conifer

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Sexual Reproduction in Flowering PlantsPlants

Structure of FlowersStructure of Flowers

PollinationPollination Wind and animalsWind and animals

Double FertilizationDouble Fertilization

Seed StructureSeed Structure

Seed and Fruit Seed and Fruit DevelopmentDevelopment Dispersal Dispersal

AnimalAnimal WindWind WaterWater

DormancyDormancy GerminationGermination

Chapter 25: Plant HormonesChapter 25: Plant Hormones

AuxinAuxin CytokininsCytokinins GibberellinsGibberellins EthyleneEthylene

Plant ResponsesPlant Responses

TropismsTropisms Phototropism Phototropism GravitropismGravitropism Thigmotropism Thigmotropism ChemotropismChemotropism

Plant AdaptationsPlant Adaptations

AquaticAquatic Salt-TolerantSalt-Tolerant DesertDesert Nutritional SpecialistsNutritional Specialists EpiphytesEpiphytes Chemical DefenseChemical Defense