“Culture Care Meanings of Child Bearing and Child Rearing Health Care Practices of Native Hawaiian, Filipino, and Micronesian

Families Residing on the Island of Hawaii”

Introduction

Genevieve Kinney, Ph.D., CTNKatharyn F. Daub, Ed.D. CTN, CNE

Angelina Ancheta Rushton, BSN, CHPN

University of Hawaii at Hilo

Historical Research Background

Recognition of Momi Kamau/Public Health FundingRecognition of Research Consultants/Study ParticipantsPurpose of Ethnonursing Research StudyEthnonursing Research MethodsUse of Dr. Leininger’s Culture Care Diversity and Universality TheoryUse of Dr. Leininger’s Sunrise Conceptual Research Enabler (see handout)Entry into Communities: Consent Forms: Key and General InformantsDr. Leininger’s Three Nursing Modalities (see handout)

Presentation I:

Genevieve Kinney, Ph.D., CTN

Ethnohistory of Native Hawaiian Culture

Kanaka MaoliKumulipo (handout)LokahiCapt. Cook’s Arrival 1778Economic/Social Changes: 19th/20th

CenturiesNative Hawaiians-2007

Demographic Data

10 key Informants ( 8 Wahine-2 Kane)20 General Informants (18 Wahine-2 Kane)Age of Informants 18-70 yrs.Residency in Hawaii- 5-8 yearsEthnicity-Part Hawaiian

Caring Themes

Care means protection/safety of mother and unborn childCare means ‘ohana (family) expressions of alohaCare means respecting traditionsCare means being cared for by respectful and concerned nurses

Care Means Protection & Safety Of Mother & Unborn Child

Use of Exercise/ocean activitiesUse of pule (prayer)Use of ti leaf/Hawaiian SaltUse of lomi (massage)

Care Means Protection & Safety Of Mother & Unborn Child

Eating special foods

Care Means Protection & Safety Of Mother & Unborn Child

Seeking Healers/Western physicians

Care Means ‘Ohana (Family) & Expressions of Aloha

Respecting Advice from Kupuna (elders)Family Support during pregnancyFamily presence during labor, hanau (birth)

Care Means Respecting the Traditions

Caring for the placentaNaming the infantBlessing of infantUse of lomi for infantsOne year birthdayTeaching correct protocols (respect for kupunas)

Care Means Respecting the Traditions

Use of singing (mele) hula/ocean

Care Means Respecting the Traditions

Eating poi, limu

Care Means Respecting the Traditions

Teaching correct protocols (respect for kupunas)

Care Means Having Nurses Who Are Concerned, Respectful & Competent

Perceptions of good caregiversPerceptions of incompetent caregivers

Presentation II:

Angelina A. Rushton, BSN, CHPN

Hospice of HiloPartners in Hope, Support, and Comfort

Ethnohistory of Filipino Culture

Location: South East Asia, surrounded by waterOne of the largest archipelagos- 7,107 islands, only 1,190 are inhabited.Major islands are Luzon, Mindanao, and Visayan regionKnown as “Pearl of the Orient”55 languages and 142 dialectsNational Language is “Filipino”The 3rd largest English-speaking country in the world.Value family kinship, respect for elders, education, hospitality, “pakikipagkapwa” (being one with others), “bayanihan” (helping one’s own people)

Bayanihan (Capture on a road in Samar, Philippines)

Demographic Data

10 Key informants20 General InformantsAges 23-81 yrs. Old2 male participantsEthnicity- FilipinosInformants speaks Ilocano and/or Tagalog

Caring Themes Identified By Filipino Informants

1. Care means listening (respect) to elders.2. Care means preserving healer rituals3. Care means family support and obligations4. Care means patience with non-English

speaking clients.

Care means listening (respect) to elders.

Respecting EldersUse of Special FoodAvoiding Special Food

Amulets (“Anting-anting”)

Amulets are used on adults, children, and infants for good luck, to drive bad spirits away, and to protect against misfortune.

Amulets/Vendor

Care Means Preserving Healer Rituals.

Use of Albularyo/ Hilot (Faith healers)Use of herbs/ oil/ amuletsBathing EverydayRespecting Elder’s advice.

Care Means Family Support and Obligations.

Providing Traditional Healing Practices by the EldersSeeking Caring Ways.

Care Means Patience With Non-english Speaking Clients.

Providing TranslatorShowing AffectionTalking StoryRespecting Traditional Healing Ways

Presentation III:

Kay Daub, Ed.D., CTN, CNE

“Culture Care Meanings of Child Bearing and Child Rearing Health Care Practices of Native Hawaiian, Filipino, and Micronesian

Families Residing on the Island of Hawaii”

By: Katharyn F. Daub, RN , EdD, Associate Professor of Nursing University of Hawaii at Hilo

Ethnohistory Of Micronesian Culture

Demographic Data

10 Key informants20 General InformantsAges 21-70 yrs old4 Male participantsEthnicity

Caring Themes

Care means seeing the medicine manCare means eating healing foodsCare means family presence & concernCare means being attentive to privacy

Care Means Seeing the Medicine Man

Use of healing remediesUse of coconut Use of massageSwimming/water

Care Means Eating Healing Foods

PandanusCoconut MilkUlu breadfruit

Care Means Family Presence & Concern

Receiving Protective Care from FamilyElder Care

Care Means Being Attentive to Privacy

Need for PrivacySame gender preferred related to care

Conclusion

Comparative Analysis of the three study groupsDr. Leininger’s 3 Modalities of Care Decisions and Actions

Mahalo