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KITEX

KERESKEDELMI SZAKMAI NYELVVIZSGA

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Listening 1Female voice

July 11 I left on my trip today. Having been overseas before, I felt somewhat at ease with the idea of traveling abroad, particularly since I lived in Asia for a number of years.

July 12

In the first city I went out to visit some of the local sites. I was surprised at the number of people selling their goods in different marketplaces, and I quickly figured out the custom of bargaining over the price before you buy something. And even if you feel you’re getting a good deal, you might try walking away from the merchant, and there is the chance that the shop owner will call you back and even lower the price more in an attempt to get you to purchase something.

July 14 No matter where I found myself today, I noticed a number of people who just stared at me as I walked by, like I was an alien from another planet. I realized that my presence was perhaps an oddity with so few foreigners in that area. In fact, the people were just curious, and I was even able to strike up a few conversations with some of the locals, giving them opportunities to practice their English. In the end, I came to the conclusion that such situations gave me a chance to be an informal ambassador for my country.

July 16 Everyday brings new discoveries, and I’m learning how to navigate the road system. I found that crossing the road isn’t as easy at it seems. Bicycles, buses, people, and taxis fill the streets, dodging each other with constant narrow misses, yet in many instances, the flow remains constant. And, in spite of the seemingly chaotic conditions, people go about their business as if, well . . ., everything were so routine I, on the other hand, tried to dart in and out of traffic to cross streets, weaving back and forth, to get to the other side.

July 23 I am preparing to return back home tomorrow, and one thing I have discovered . . . something more important than all of my other experiences . . . has been that there are often more similarities than differences between cultures. Regardless of language and culture, all people have a desire for friendship that bridges any cultural boundaries. The people I have met have been wonderful hosts and friends, and I will treasure every moment of the trip.

(adaptation from www.bbc.transcripts.)

KITEX/ANG/KÖZÉP/MINTA

http://www.bbc.transcripts/

KITEX



Listening 1

TRUE/FALSE STATEMENTS

You are going to listen to a woman speaking about her holiday experiences.After listening to the tape twice, decide if the statements are TRUE or FALSE. Mark your answers with an X in the answer box.DICTIONARIES ARE NOT ALLOWED

1. At the beginning of the conversation the woman feels relaxed about travelling overseas.

2. The woman was surprised at the number of goods sold at the different marketplaces.

3. The local people were inquisitive about her presence there. 4. Meeting the locals gave her opportunities to practice their language.

5. She thinks she could come back here some time as the ambassador for her country.

6. The flow of traffic, at times, remains constant due to a complicated road system.

7. Locals did business in the middle of chaotic traffic conditions.

8. According to the woman, all countries share some similar characteristics that bind them together.

ANSWER BOX

TRUE FALSE1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.


KITEX



Listening 1

TRUE/FALSE STATEMENTS

ANSWER KEY

TRUE FALSE1. X2. X3. X4. X5. X6. X7. X8. X


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TAPESCRIPT 2Mechanic: What can we do for you today? Car Owner: Uh, hi. Yes, I’m having a problem with my car, and it doesn’t seem to run right. I mean every time I start it up, the engine runs for a minute or so, sputters like it isn’t getting enough gas, and then dies. Mechanic: Hmmm. Okay. Let’s open the hood, and let’s take a look . . . Okay, start her up. [Engine starting . . .] Okay, Okay. Shut her off. Hmmm. [So . . .] Let me look at the book here . . . [It] sounds like a possible clogged fuel line, a dirty carburetor, a bad alternator, or even a weak battery. Car Owner: So, which one is it? Mechanic: Ugh. Difficult to say. Let me try this . . . Ugh, alright . . . You need to talk to the mechanic. Car Owner: The mechanic! So, who are you? Mechanic: Well, I’m the assistant, and I’ve only been here on the job for two days. Car Owner: So, why didn’t you tell me that in the first place? I mean, I wouldn’t have wasted all this time! Mechanic: You didn’t ask. Car Owner: Okay, so how much is it going to cost? Mechanic: Ah. Difficult to say. [That’s what you said about the last thing!] Are you a local or from out of town? Car Owner: I’m just passing through, and this is the only place for miles. [Yeah, that’s right.] Man, can’t you see my license plate? [Sure did!] Mechanic: Okay. The out-of-town rate. Let’s see. Okay, here we go. If it’s a fuel line, that’ll be $100... No, no, That’s the local rate. Here, $200 for the pre-screening check, $150 for parts, plus or minus $100, and $75 an hour for labor. Oh, oh yeah. Today’s a holiday, so labor is actually $50 more per hour. Car Owner: Huh? Those prices are very expensive, and what holiday is it today? Mechanic: Oh, it’s the local pumpkin festival. Car Owner: Ah, come on. I can’t believe this. Of all my luck, my car breaks down in a remote town [That’s right.], and it’ll be terribly expensive to get my car fixed. Mechanic: Ah, we’ll take care of you. Just bring the car back on Tuesday so Mike, our mechanic, can take a look at your car. Car Owner: Why not today? It’s only 11:00 a.m.! Mechanic: Ah, we close at 11:30 a.m. on holidays, and we’re closed tomorrow and Sunday, and we’re closed the following day as well. Car Owner: I can’t wait that long! I need my car repaired now. Mechanic: Well, next week is the best we can do, but you can talk to Mike at the Pumpkin Festival. This town will grow on you. [Ah, man!] (adaptation from www.bbc.transcripts.)



KITEX



Listening 2

MULTIPLE CHOICEYou will hear a conversation in a garage.Read the statements carefully below.After listening to the tape twice, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Mark your answers with an X in the separate answer box. Each statement has only one correct answer.DICTIONARIES ARE NOT ALLOWED

1. What possible problem was NOT mentioned about the man’s car?A. a clogged fuel lineB. a dirty carburetorC. a bad acceleratorD. both A and B

2. The problem of the car can’t be diagnosed very easilyA. because the mechanic is not available to assess the problem. B. because the car is an older model that the mechanic hasn’t seen before.C. because the mechanic doesn’t have the proper tools to check the problem.D. because of reasons not mentioned in A, B or C.

3. On the day of the conversation the hourly wage for labour would be A. $50.B. $75.C. $125.D. $25.

4. Getting his car fixed will be expensive for the man becauseA. it will require extensive repairs that will take a lot of time.B. special custom-made parts must be ordered from out of town.C. because he isn’t a resident of that area.D. both A and B.


5. The day of the conversation isA. a national holiday.B. an international holiday.C. a local holiday. D. a day off for the mechanic.

6. The conversation is happening onA. Friday.B. Saturday.C. Sunday.D. Monday.

7. This conversation takes placeA. early in the morning.B. late in the evening.C. late in the morning. D. at a time we cannot identify from the text.

8. From the conversation we got to knowA. the name of the client. B. the brand of the car.C. the mechanic’s name.D. A, B and C are false.

ANSWER BOX

Listening 2A B C D

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.


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ANSWER KEY

Listening 2

A B C D1. X2. X3. X4. X5. X6. X7. X8. X


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LISTENING COMPREHENSIONTAPESCRIPT 3

Male voiceDear Mom and Dad,

This is my fifth day at summer camp. Life in the great outdoors isn’t exactly what I expected, but I’m

not starving . . . yet . . . so don’t worry about me.

I guess I should tell you about what I do everyday. First, everyone has to get up at 5:30 A.M. They

have this silly old guy named Harry who loves to wake us up. Next, we have to make our beds and

tidy up the cabin before our camp counselor, Jeff, comes to inspect the place.

Then, we have breakfast around 6:30 A.M. After that, we have some free time, so I’ve been going

down to the nearby stream to fish for a couple of hours. But yesterday, the only thing I caught was an

old shoe and a tree branch. Great catch, Huh? Then when I was trying to kill a mosquito buzzing

around my head, I slipped and fell in the stream and lost my fishing pole. That ended my fishing

career.

Well, in the afternoon, there are different activities we can choose from like archery, horseback riding,

and hiking. I thought archery would be the sport for me until I shot an arrow through Jeff’s pant leg.

As you can imagine, I haven’t been invited back since.

In the evening, everyone is assigned a different chore to get dinner ready. Yesterday, I was in charge

of cooking the hotdogs, but I accidentally dropped them in the fire, so we had to settle for beans

instead. The other kids are always ticking me off about it.

At night, we sit around a campfire in front of the cabin, sing songs, and tell ghost stories. That’s

usually fun, but one night while trying to find more sticks for the fire, I got all turned around and got

lost. After about an hour of wandering aimlessly in the forest, I finally found my way back, but no one

seemed to have realized what had happened, thinking that I just had gone to bed. A bear or wolf could

have eaten me and no one would have known it. I was so beat I just crashed . . . out like a light.

Well, today is another day and tomorrow I go home . . . and not a bit too soon. I’ve learned that

camping is just not for me.

Love, Brad

(adaptation from www.bbc.transcripts.)



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Listening 3

QUESTIONS

You will hear a boy’s tape-recorded message to his parents. Read the questions below. After listening to the tape twice, give a short answer on the answer sheet to the four questions below. DICTIONARIES ARE NOT ALLOWED

1. What jobs does Brad have to do before breakfast?

2. What happened to him while he was trying to kill a mosquito? (3 things to be mentioned!)

3. What did they eat for dinner the day before?

4. What do they do at night while sitting around the campfire?

Listening 3.

1.

2.

3.

4.


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SUGGESTED ANSWERS

Listening 3

1. He has to clean his sleeping quarters. / He has to make his bed and tidy up the cabin .

2. He slipped / He fell into the stream / He lost his fishing pole.

3. Beans.

4. They sing songs and tell ghost stories.


KITEX


READING COMPREHENSIONDO NOT USE A DICTIONARYCLOZE TEST

Read the 3 texts below. Choose the most appropriate word (only one) for each of the 3x20 gaps from the lists of the 3x27 words given after the texts. Use each given word only once. Write your answers in the 3 answer boxes after the texts. Only answers given in the answer boxes will be accepted. There is one example (0) at the beginning. You have 50 minutes for this part of the test.

Text 1

The Merlin’s ambitious program to bring English-language theatre to Hungary continues with the launch of its 2000/1 subscription season, which kicks off in ………….(0).

The idea is to produce ………….(1) series of plays, the only ………….(2) link of which is their ………….(3) in English, encouraging people to ………….(4) a season ticket for the ………….(5) series. The season ticket guarantees ………….(6) purchasers the right to see ………….(7) six plays that season . Tickets ………….(8) sold in day blocks, so ………….(9) you buy a Saturday ticket ………….(10) will see each of the ………….(11) on Saturday. It means that ………….(12) can plan their viewing pleasure ………….(13) ahead. The exact schedule is ………….(14) being developed but the season ………….(15) likely to start with a ………….(16) based on Shakespeare’s Macbeth by ………….(17) American company. The final play ………….(18) be The Paper Wall by Alice Purcel. ………….(19) show is performed six times, ………….(20) the season runs until May 2001.(The Budapest Sun, September14-20, 2000)

a, actors, all, an, and, are, been, buy, can, common, each, has, if, is, its, November, people, performance, play, plays, should, still, theatre, you, well, while, whole, will

ANSWER BOX – Text 1

0. November1. 11.2. 12.3. 13.4. 14. Részpontszám:5. 15.6. 16.7. 17.8. 18.9. 19.10. 20.


Text 2

In the 3/03 issue of Business Spotlight we take a look at the language of health problems. We are focusing on vocabulary from medical complaints to dental problems as well as common phrases at the pharmacy, at the doctor’s or dentist’s ………….(21) for asking for help.

Brits ………….(22) particular don’t like going into ………….(23) about their health problems. If ………….(24) ask someone how they are, ………….(25) will usually reply that they’re ………….(26) – even if they’re not! If ………….(27) are feeling unwell, they will ………….(28) use an idiomatic expression to ………….(29) you this, rather than say ………….(30) really wrong with them.

A ………….(31) of advice: if you’re on ………….(32) or on business in Britain, ………….(33) some phrases before you go. ………….(34) using them, you’re more likely ………….(35) be met with sympathetic responses ………….(36) you use these, than when ………….(37) may go into detail about ………….(38) special circulatory disorders, which nobody………….(39) Britain seems to suffer from. ………….(40) hope you will find this “medical summary” useful.www.businessspotlight.de

and, by, detail, few, fine, holiday, if, illness, in, in, is, learn, piece, probably, say, tell, they, they, to, tourist, trip, we, what’s, worry, you, you, your


21. 31.22. 32.23. 33.24. 34. Részpontszám:25. 35.26. 36.27. 37.28. 38.29. 39.30. 40.


Text 3

What annoys customers most about call centres? According to a recent study ………….(41) the UK market researcher Mintel, ………….(42) would seem pretty much everything. ………….(43) the 2,000 adults surveyed five ………….(44) cent said they had never ………….(45) a problem.

The biggest complaint ………….(46) about waiting on hold, with ………….(47) 60 per cent of callers ………….(48) with having to wait for ………….(49) periods before someone finally answered ………….(50) call. In busy call centres, ………….(51) often have to wait for ………….(52) 15 minutes before being connected ………….(53) a „live” customer service agent. ………….(54) many, that’s far too long, ………….(55) they abandon the call. Almost ………….(56) third of callers claim to ………….(57) hung up while being left ………….(58) the queue. Maybe not surprisingly, ………….(59) aged between 25 and 34 ………….(60) the least tolerant towards call centres, with around 35 per cent abandoning calls, while just 25 per cent of those aged 65 and over do so.www.businessservice.com

a, an, among, annoy, are, by, call, customers, experienced, for, frustrated, have, it, in, little, long, on, over, per, so, some, their, those, to, was, went, while


41. 51.42. 52.43. 53.44. 54. Részpontszám:45. 55.46. 56.47. 57.48. 58.49. 59.50. 60.

Összpontszám:

Vizsgáztató: _________________________


http://www.businessservice.com/

ANSWER KEY

CLOZE TEST

Text 1.1. a 11. plays2. common 12. people3. performance 13. well4. buy 14. still5. whole 15. is6. its 16. play7. all 17. an8. are 18. will9. if 19. Each10. you 20. and

Text 2.

21. and 31. piece22. in 32. holiday23. detail 33. learn24. you 34. By25. they 35. to26. fine 36. if27. they 37. you28. probably 38. your29. tell 39. in30. what’s 40. we

Text 3.

41. by 51. customers42. it 52. some / over43. Among 53. to44. per 54. For45. experienced 55. so46. was 56. a47. over / some 57. have48. frustrated 58. in49. long 59. those50. their 60. are


KITEXKERESKEDELMI SZAKMAI NYELVVIZSGA

READING COMPREHENSION

TOURISMMULTIPLE CHOICE

A DICTIONARY MAY BE USEDRead the text below carefully. Study the questions and mark your answers A, B, C or D in the answer box. Take care not to use more than 25 minutes doing this part of the test.

SARS caused a crisis for hoteliers across Asia

Despite this, it is hoped that in the aftermath of the crisis, an opportunity will arrive to examine how hoteliers coped and what survival tactics they implemented to restore some control in an uncontrollable environment.

“Our existing crisis management plans more or less deal with abrupt outbreaks such as fire or food poisoning, which often could be settled in a short time,” says Reggie Shiu, president, AccorChina. “However, with this unprecedented outbreak of SARS, it is not a question of whether to make changes to our crisis management plan, but to add a whole new chapter on how to deal with incidences with indefinite lengths of duration.”

Part of this crisis management deals with cutting costs. Many hotels have utilized “forced leave” and creative leave-without-pay schemes to weather the storm. Hoteliers agree that these schemes must affect both management and staff equally, to preserve a good working relationship once business normalizes. One example is Phuket, Thailand-based Laguna Resorts & Hotels, which held focus groups between management and staff to come up with a workable solution in reducing labor. “This can be a serious moral issue,” says James Batt, managing director. “We now have 100% commitment from 3,000 employees to a plan that sees executives taking four days per month [unpaid leave], department heads three days per month and line staff two days per month. This should be enough, and we hope things return to normal soon. Afterwards, the relationship between management and staff will have been protected.”

While no hotelier likes to eliminate staff, Koch offers some suggestions for cutting labor. “One example is replacement of software (staff) with hardware: One less waiter in breakfast service, replaced by a quality coffee machine on the buffet. Or an elegantly presented executive lounge drink self-service [area] instead of that second lounge attendant,” he says, adding, “The good old days are not coming back. Jobs that have been eliminated will be gone. Front desk staff, maybe even some housekeepers, will become multifunctional.”

www.ehotelier.com

1798n


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TOURISM

1. SARS made new hoteliersA. close down their hotels.B. work out some survival policy. C. closely control their hotels.D. control the environment.

2. According to Reggie ShiuA. fire and food poisoning should be taken more seriously.B. the existing crisis management plan help to solve SARS-problems.C. the existing crisis management plan must be updated. D. both A and C.

3. According to many hoteliers, cost-cutsA. shouldn’t affect only management.B. must affect management.C. must affect staff.D. both A and C.

4. At Phuket A. neither the number of staff nor that of the management was reduced. B. the number of management was reduced.C. both the number of management and staff was reduced.D. the number of staff was reduced.

5. The plan to reduce labor at Phuket was opposed byA. nobody.B. most of the staff.C. some of the executives.D. most of the employees.


6. Koch suggests thatA. computer staff should be cut.B. waiters are replaced by coffee-machines in the lounge.C. coffee should be self-served at breakfast.D. no drink should be provided in the lounge.

7. According to KochA. things will return to normal as soon as possible.B. front desk staff will be eliminated.C. some hotel staff will have to perform more than one function. D. housekeepers will have to work at the front office as well.

8. This text was most probably publishedA. in a travellers’ guide.B. in a health and fitness magazine.C. in a professional periodical called ‘Hotel Management’.D. in a professional medical periodical.

ANSWER BOXMULTIPLE CHOICEPlease write in ink. Corrected answers cannot be accepted.

A B C D12345678




TOURISMANSWER KEY

MULTIPLE CHOICE

A B C D1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X




CATERING

MULTIPLE CHOICEA DICTIONARY MAY BE USED

Read the text below, carefully study the questions and mark your answers A, B, C or D in the answer box. Take care not to spend more than 25 minutes doing this part of the test.

The Hospitality and Catering Industry

‘Long hours, low pay and small rewards.’ This is how many people still see the hospitality and catering industry. The truth is much more encouraging. By the year 2004, there will be 2.5 million people working in hospitality in Britain alone. There are skills shortages across many sectors and employers are looking to recruit high calibre staff.

The hospitality industry is growing fast, but it is also changing. Some people say that you have only to look at the USA to see where the British hospitality industry is going: fast food and lots of theme parks and themed restaurants, so many eating places that dining out becomes as common as dining in, and an emphasis on customer service.

There are now more than two million people employed in hospitality in Britain, and by 2004 that is expected to reach 2.5 million. And it is an industry that’s changing fast, as anyone with an eye on the news will have noticed.

Not only have there been some major business deals but there are some small but significant trends. Who would have thought a few years ago that we would be ordering take-away pizza from petrol forecourts, for example? Or having coffee and breakfast in a pub? Or paying to cook our own food in a restaurant? These are some of the offers coming on-stream, and there are more interesting ones to follow.

That’s the good news. The bad is that the hospitality industry still has problems, above all with its image. But the over-riding message from recruiters is that the low pay and long hours for which hotels and restaurants are famous are becoming a thing of the past. The sheer growth of the industry has meant that employers are putting together far more attractive recruitment packages to attract the right staff. For potential managers the prospects can be tremendous.

Roddy Watt, chief executive of recruitment agency Berkeley Scott, says management salaries in hospitality are increasing ahead of those in other sectors. „There is a continual shortage of top-calibre people, so highly qualified people will progress very quickly and can probably expect a similar amount of money to what they would earn in any other industry at an early age”, he says.

1793n Source: American Culinary Federation


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CATERING

1. Hospitality and catering jobsA. will remain attractive.B. will be more attractive than before. C. will require less qualification in the future.D. are less attractive than before.

2. The British hospitality industryA. has long traditions in fast food and themed restaurants.B. is increasingly focussing on customer service. C. is losing more and more customers.D. A, B, and C are false

3. By 2004 the number of employees in the British hospitality industry is expectedA. to double.B. to decrease.C. to increase by about 25%. D. to remain the same.

4. A few years ago it was naturalA. to order take-away pizzas.B. to pay to cook our own food in a restaurant.C. to have coffee in a pub.D. A, B and C are false.


5. Low pay and long working hoursA. are typical of hotels and restaurants.B. will disappear from the hotel and restaurant industry.C. neither A nor B.D. both A and B.

6. Highly qualified young people in the hospitality industry can earnA. more money than their colleagues in other industries.B. about as much money as their counterparts in other industries.C. less money than their colleagues in other industries.D. as much as older managers in other industries.

7. According to this article the hotel and restaurant industryA. is losing popularity among young professionals.B. is able to improve in order to meet new challenges.C. is in crisis in the USA.D. is in crisis in Britain.

8. In the hotel and restaurant industry, this article does not mention A. recruitment problems.B. working time problems.C. discrimination problems. D. qualification questions.

ANSWER BOX

Please write in ink. Corrected answers cannot be accepted.

A B C D12345678



CATERING

MULTIPLE CHOICE

ANSWER KEY

A B C D1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X




TRADEMULTIPLE CHOICE

A DICTIONARY MAY BE USED


The 19th century was the epoch of great market-hall construction in Europe’s major cities. Some were like palaces and Turkish bazaars. Others were simply utilitarian. Although the concept of market halls goes back to ancient Rome and the bazaars of early Islam, it was the growth of the urban middle classes and transportation systems enabling food to be shipped long distances that lifted markets and fairs out of small villages and put them into cities.

Towards the end of the 19th century, Budapest had 44 markets with 4,500 to 8,000 vendors serving a population of more than half a million. Vegetables were barged from the countryside.

However, this profusion created problems of hygiene, since unsold food was often left in vendors’ stalls, creating filthy, rat-infested areas. Therefore, by 1872, the city’s governing body was ready to hear a proposal by French contractor Edouard Besnier de la Pontonerie, who wanted to borrow money to build a network of market halls, like those of Paris.

He would pay off his loan with revenue raised from renting vendors’ spaces. Instead of commissioning him, the city appointed Károly Kamermayer to head a food committee. Kamermayer toured European cities to learn about market halls. In 1884, he proposed a central market hall in Fővám tér. But it was not until February 1894 that the city committed itself to a design by Samu Pecz.

The hall – the construction of which was estimated at HUF 2.2 million – was opened on February 15 th

1897 with speeches by Mayor József Márkus and Prime Minister Dezső Bánffy. Since then, the hall has operated continuously, except for periods of renovation. It was damaged during the Second World War, and its gradual deterioration led to a shut-down between 1991 and 1994 for substantial reconstruction.

Today, Fővám tér’s central market is every bit as spectacular as Istanbul’s grand bazaar. Its stalls are a feast for the eyes as well as the appetite. Market vendors obtain their supplies, either from farmers who bring in their own produce, usually on Wednesdays through to Saturdays, but the vast majority of stalls are operated by entrepreneurs who buy wholesale.1797nBudapest Sun online, 2003


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TRADE

1. The first paragraph mentions ….. factor(s) of putting markets into cities.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four

2. The problems with markets in Budapest of the 19th century concernedA. delivery.B. purchasing.C. hygiene.D. A B and C are false.

3. Eduard Besnier offeredA. money for a network of market halls in Budapest.B. his services to build a network of market halls in Budapest.C. to run a network of market halls in Budapest.D. to advertise the market halls of Budapest.

4. Kamermayer wasA. a designer.B. a trader.C. head of a food committee.D. a famous traveller.

5. The construction was not started before 1894A. because the designs were not accepted.B. because there was no money for it.C. both A and B are correct.D. but we do not know the exact reason for it.


6. The hall in Fővám tér A. has operated continuously since it was opened.B. has been closed down for four years.C. has been closed down because of the Second World War.D. A, B and c are false.

7. Fővám tér’s central market is A. a place for different feasts.B. the example of Istanbul’s grand bazaars.C. an attractive place for visitors.D. both A and B.

8. Most products in the hall come A. from farmers who bring their own produce.B. wholesalers.C. abroad.D. both A and C.

ANSWER BOX


A B C D12345678


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TRADEANSWER KEY

A B C D1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X




FOREIGN TRADEMULTIPLE CHOICE



High oil prices make Russia’s economy look much better than it really is.

It takes a sense of humor to be a Russian economist. At least, the Russian economy ministry thinks so. Its website has a page of jokes about economists, including a section on “How many economists does it take to change a light bulb?” One answer is: “There is no need to change it. All the conditions for lighting exist.”

At the moment, that is true. Russia’s bulb is burning nicely. Since the devaluation of 1998, high oil prices and a big boost in oil output have helped the economy recover. Few are worried about the effects of the war in Iraq. Russia’s treasury is so stuffed with cash that even if oil prices fell to a third of their current USD30 levels, the central government could end the year with its books in balance.

The oil barons want the bulb to burn even brighter. They fear that bottle-necks in the state oil-pipeline system will keep them from growing. Last month at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, head of Russia’s biggest oil producer, Yukos, attacked the government’s refusal to let the oil firms build their own pipelines. “I thought the state acknowledged a long time ago that the private sector was more effective than the state sector,” he said.

But the government’s main motive is to keep the “oligarchs” in check. Russia does not need a brighter bulb, but more bulbs of different kinds. Indeed, some of the oligarchs are diversifying fast. For they realize that the country is too dependent on commodity prices. Oil and gas make up over two-fifths of exports, adding metals and oil products the figure goes up to 63%. When prices fall, the bulb will dim and the country could be plunged back into darkness.

According to the World Bank, from 2001 to 2002 growth accelerated in the industries that export natural resources but slowed in those that produce goods for the home market. And small and medium-sized businesses grew more slowly than the overall economy. The authorities want to promote small business and attract investment, but it is a slow task.

(The Economist 8th February 2003)(1724 n)


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FOREIGN TRADE

1. High oil prices make Russia’s economyA. develop faster than any other economies.B. seem to be in a better position than it is.C. decline rapidly.D. stagnate for a longer period of time.

2. On the website of the Russian economy ministryA. there is some useful advice on how to change light bulbs.B. companies making light bulbs are advertising their products.C. there are jokes about economists.D. there are stories about Russian economists.

3. For the past few years,A. oil output has decreased to a great extent.B. oil output has doubled in Russia.C. the economy has recovered as a consequence of high oil prices.D. the economy has grown, but oil prices have nothing to do with this growth.

4. Russian economists do not worry about the war in Iraq, asA. the treasury can afford to cover the losses if oil prices fall.B. the consequence of the war may be a rise in oil prices.C. oil prices cannot fall below the third of their current levels.D. they know that the war will not last long.

5. Russia’s biggest oil producersA. are forced by the government to build their own pipelines.B. sent their representatives to Davos to sell oil.C. want to make use of the state oil-pipeline system.D. want to build their own pipelines.

6. The head of Yukos, the biggest oil firm in Russia,A. fears that the state sector will become more effective.B. fears that the private sector cannot compete with the state sector.C. thinks that the private sector is more effective than the state sector.D. thinks that the private sector cannot achieve good results.


7. More than half of the country’s exportsA. is made up by oil, oil products, gas and metals. B. is represented by industrial products. C. is delivered to the European countries.D. is transacted by oil firms.

8. Industries producing goods for the domestic marketA. could not raise their output from 2001 to 2002.B. could not develop as fast as industries exporting natural resources.C. grew more slowly than small businesses.D. increased their output from 2001 to 2002.

ANSWER BOX


A B C D12345678


KITEX



FOREIGN TRADEANSWER KEY

A B C D1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X


KITEX


WRITINGTOURISM

BUSINESS LETTER


You are the Managing Director of a hotel. You have received a number of complaints from unhappy customers because of the way your receptionists answer the phone. You are worried that the turnover will decrease.

Write a circular in about 150-200 words to the receptionists.

Consider the following points: presenting the problem calling attention to the importance of telephone calls a short summary of the correct way of answering the phone (3-4 instructions) informing staff that they will be monitored

Do not forget about the English layout of formal letters.

Your name is: Andrea/András Fehér Your address is: 1022 Budapest, Virág u. 6.


KITEX


WRITINGTOURISM

COMPOSITION


You have been asked to write a short review article about the fair called ‘Welcome to Hungary’ on the home page of the Hungarian National Tourist Office.

Create an article of 150-200 words.

Consider the following points:

the aim of the fair the composition and rate of participants the visitors new trends


KITEX


WRITINGCATERING

BUSINESS LETTERA DICTIONARY MAY BE USED

You are the owner of a newly opened restaurant. You have just received this letter.

Dear Sir,As the new owners of Golden Deer Restaurant, please accept our congratulations on your grand opening and our very best wishes for future success.

Brown and Son Ltd. is a well-established supplier of meat to many of the finer hotels and restaurants in Paris, Berlin, Prague and Budapest. We specialize in prime, portion controlled, pork, lamb, veal and western beef. We have enclosed a price list for your review, and would like to add that there are special quantity discounts available.

Mr. George Wells, our sales representative in your area would be pleased to visit the Golden Deer at your convenience to show you the quality of our products and discuss our terms and prices with you.

Please call 00-36-1-477528 for an appointment.

We look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,Mark Jones

Write an answer in about 150-200 words.

Consider the following points: express your thanks express your interest in the offer specify a convenient date for a meeting inquire about references

Do not forget about the layout of English formal letters.

Your name is: Andrea/András FehérYour address is: 1022 Budapest, Virág u. 6.


KITEX


WRITINGCATERING

COMPOSITION


Party Poopers is a party service company. Write a profile (150-200 words) of your activity to appear on your web site.

Consider the following points: company introduction the type of parties you organise the services and items you supply your special current offers any other matters you find important


KITEX


WRITINGTRADE

BUSINESS LETTER


You are the Customer Services Manager at books-to-you.com. You have just received the following email message:

Subject: Books not receivedFrom: Bill GradeTo: books-to-you-com.

Two weeks ago I ordered a few books over the Internet from your site. In the order page it said they would be delivered within 48 hours. I can see from my latest bank statement that you have debited the amount for these books to my card, but I still have not received them. I have tried to telephone you three times, but there is never an answer.

Service like this is unacceptable. There seems to be a serious problem with your system. Could you please look into the matter and let me know when I can expect to receive my books.

I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Reply to the e-mail below. Write a letter / e-mail in about 150-200 words. Do not forget about the layout of English formal letters / e-mails.

Consider the following points: apologising explanation of your fault stating what you are going to do extra services as a compensation



KITEX


WRITINGTRADE

COMPOSITION


You are the PR manager of a large department store. You would like to promote your department store in a monthly magazine providing foreign tourists with practical information about Hungary.

Create a description of your department store in 150-200 words.

Consider the following points: foundation location and opening hours typical features range of goods sales and discount policy


KITEX


WRITINGFOREIGN TRADE

BUSINESS LETTER


Your company would like to ask your supplier to change the terms of payment. Until now you have always settled your accounts on “documents against payment” basis, but now you have ordered a huge quantity of goods and would like to pay for the next consignment by draft, on “documents against acceptance” basis. Try to persuade the supplier in about 150-200 words to accept this scheme.

Consider the following points: requested mode of payment reasons for your request reference to long-standing business relationship punctual payments up to now request for confirmation



KITEX


WRITINGFOREIGN TRADE

COMPOSITION


You want to order fashionable clothing articles for the next season, but you still have a big stock of last year’s models, which are already out of fashion. Write a 150-200 word analysis of the situation and a put together a plan of finding buyers for the stock. How can you persuade them to buy your goods which are not up to the latest fashion?

Consider the following points: advertising, sales letters offers to retailers selling cheap goods pointing out high quality favourable quotation, payment facilities sending stock lists


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