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Page 1: kk - Ministry of Human Resource Developmentchdpublication.mhrd.gov.in › ebook › pdf › Bhasha July-August 2019.pdf · ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ius Lrjh; s[ku ds nokjk lai.kZ fganh tr
Page 2: kk - Ministry of Human Resource Developmentchdpublication.mhrd.gov.in › ebook › pdf › Bhasha July-August 2019.pdf · ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ius Lrjh; s[ku ds nokjk lai.kZ fganh tr
Page 3: kk - Ministry of Human Resource Developmentchdpublication.mhrd.gov.in › ebook › pdf › Bhasha July-August 2019.pdf · ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ius Lrjh; s[ku ds nokjk lai.kZ fganh tr

"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 1

"kktqykbZ&vxLr 2019

fo'ofon~;ky; vuqnku vk;ksx n~okjk vuqeksfnr if=dk ¼Øekad&16½

v/;{k] ijke'kZ ,oa laiknu eaMyizksQslj vouh'k dqekj

ijke'kZZ eaMy

Jherh fp=k eqn~xy

MkW- xaxk izlkn foey

MkW- ujsanz eksgu

izks- ';ke vkj- vlksysdj

Jh jkgqy nso

izks- ,e- osadVs'ojMkW- feyu jkuh tekfr;k

laiknd

Jherh vpZuk JhokLro

lg&laiknd

MkW- jkds'k dqekj

çwQ jhMj

banq HkaMkjh

dk;kZy;hu O;oLFkklsok flag

dsaæh; fganh funs'kky;] mPprj f'k{kk foHkkx]

ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj

Page 4: kk - Ministry of Human Resource Developmentchdpublication.mhrd.gov.in › ebook › pdf › Bhasha July-August 2019.pdf · ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ius Lrjh; s[ku ds nokjk lai.kZ fganh tr

2 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

(Mkd [kpZ lfgr)

ISSN 0523-1418Hkk"kk ¼n~oSekfld½

o"kZ % 58 vad % 4 ¼285½

tqykbZ&vxLr 2019

laikndh; dk;kZy;

dsaæh; fganh funs'kky;]

mPprj f'k{kk foHkkx]

ekuo lalkèku fodkl ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj]

if'peh [kaM-7] jkeÑ".kiqje~]

ubZ fnYyh-110066osclkbV % www.chdpublication.mhrd.gov.in

bZesy % [email protected]"k% 011&26105211@12

fcØh dsaæ % fcØh dsaæ %

fu;a=d] izdk'ku foHkkx] flfoy ykbal] dsaæh; fganh funs'kky;]

fnYyh - 110054 mPprj f'k{kk foHkkx]

osclkbV % www.deptpub.gov.in ekuo lalkèku fodkl ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj]

bZ&esy % [email protected] if'peh [kaM-7] jkeÑ".kiqje~]

nwjHkk"k % 011-23817823/ 9689 ubZ fnYyh-110066QSDl % 011-23817846 osclkbV % www.chdpublication.mhrd.gov.in

bZesy % [email protected];rk gsrq Mªk¶V fu;a=d] nwjHkk"k% 011&26105211@12

izdk'ku foHkkx] fnYyh ds i{k esa HkstsaA

lnL;rk gsrq Mªk¶V funs'kd] dsa- fga- fu-]

ubZ fnYyh ds i{k esa HkstsaA

ewY; %

1- ,d izfr dk ewY; ¾ #- 25-00

2- okf"kZd lnL;rk 'kqYd ¾ #- 125-00

3- iapo"khZ; lnL;rk 'kqYd ¾ #- 625-00

4- nl o"khZ; lnL;rk 'kqYd ¾ #- 1250-00

5- chl o"khZ; lnL;rk 'kqYd ¾ #- 2500-00

if=dk esa O;Dr fopkj ys[kdksa ds vius gSaA buls Hkkjr ljdkj ;k

laiknu eaMy dk lger gksuk vfuok;Z ugha gSA

Page 5: kk - Ministry of Human Resource Developmentchdpublication.mhrd.gov.in › ebook › pdf › Bhasha July-August 2019.pdf · ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ius Lrjh; s[ku ds nokjk lai.kZ fganh tr

"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 3

"kk tqykbZ&vxLr 2019

vuqØef.kdk

funs'kd dh dye lsvkius fy[kklaikndh;vkys[k1- uoxhr ds ltZukRed vk;ke MkW- vfuy dqekj 92- 21oha lnh dk fganh miU;kl ys[ku vkSj MkW- lanhi j.kfHkjdj 18

egkuxjh; cksèk3- Hkkjrh; yksdxhrksa dk u;k vorkj % pVuh laxhr MkW- panzdkark fdujk 244- fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj % fparu dh ,d LoLFk ijaijk lqjs'k èkhaxM+k 285- fganh ds dkO; fodkl esa tqM+k gkbdq&,d MkW- banznso Hkksyk banzukFk 33

u;k vk;ke6- jk"Vªh; vkanksyu vkSj fganh i=kdkfjrk MkW- ,e- 'ks"ku~ 367- izxfrokn % Nk;kokn fojksèkh rsoj vkpk;Z MkW- ds'kojke 'kekZ 418- vkèkh vkcknh vkSj v#.k dey dh dfork lqJh izhfr izdk'k 45

MkW- vuq'kCnèkjksgj9- jf'ejFkh (izFke lxZ) jkeèkkjh flag ^fnudj* 50

dgkuh10- ,d jktuSfrd dgkuh (rsyqxq dgkuh) ,e- osadVs'oj 5411- ikaMs lnu (fganh dgkuh) bafnjk nk¡xh 6112- ltkZ & jktk (fganh dgkuh) Ñ".kk dne 72

dfork13- Lora=krk fnol% ,d vfHkO;fDr (usikyh@fganh) ewy ,oa vuqokn 76

% banz cgknqj xq:Ä14- uodysoj (vksfM+vk@fganh) ewy % oklqnso lqukuh 78

vuqokn %vt; dqekj iVuk;d

15- fgEer (laFkkyh@fganh) ewy ,oa vuqokn % 82fdj.k dqekjh gkWlnkd

Page 6: kk - Ministry of Human Resource Developmentchdpublication.mhrd.gov.in › ebook › pdf › Bhasha July-August 2019.pdf · ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ius Lrjh; s[ku ds nokjk lai.kZ fganh tr

4 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

16- izkFkZuk esa fy[ks x, 'kCn jhHkk frokjh 8417- gksjhokyk xk¡o dgk¡ jkèks';ke caèkq 8518- 'kfDr o"kkZ lksyadh 86ij[k19- fganh okD; foKku izks- jktukFk HkV~V 87

(fganh okD; foKku@ prqHkqZt lgk;@ vkykspuk)20- rsjs pj.kksa esa MkW- 'kdqaryk dkyjk 91

(rsjs pj.kksa esa@ MkW- lqèkk 'kekZ ^iq"i*@cky ,dkadh laxzg)

21- lkekftd ,oa ikfjokfjd ifjos'k dk niZ.k % vk'kk izlkn 94,d lp ,slk Hkh(,d lp ,slk Hkh@ MkW- enqyk >k@ dgkuh&laxzg)

22- igkM+h thou vkSj izÑfr lkSan;Z MkW- dsoy Ñ".k 'kekZ 98(vkLFkk ds lksiku@ MkW- ;'kiky 'kekZ@ ;k=kk laLej.k)

laidZ lw=k 100lnL;rk iQkeZ

Page 7: kk - Ministry of Human Resource Developmentchdpublication.mhrd.gov.in › ebook › pdf › Bhasha July-August 2019.pdf · ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ius Lrjh; s[ku ds nokjk lai.kZ fganh tr

"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 5

funs'kd dh dye ls

vko';drk,¡ vuar gSa blh izdkj Hkkouk dk foLrkj Hkh vlhe gksrk gS vc ;g tuekul ij fuHkZjdjrk gS fd og viuk rknkRE; vko';drkvkas dh iwfrZ ls djsa vFkok Hkkoukvksa dh larqf"V lsA

vkt dk ekuo ,sfgd larqf"V gsrq ckg~;kMacj esa foyqIr ekufldrk ds lkFk thou O;rhr djrk gqvkvius HkkoukRed laiks"k.k ls iFkd gksrk tk jgk gS vkSj bl izofRr dk izHkko fo'oO;kih :i ls pgq¡eq[khfoLrkj Hkh izkIr dj jgk gSA vki ekuo dh loZizeq[k vko';drk gS mldh lkalkfjd vko';drkvksa dhvfèkdkfèkd iwfrZA bl fn'kk esa tk,¡ rks dgha var fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA vkt dk ckt+kjokn ekuo eu ij brukvfèkd gkoh gS fd cspSuh ,oa vlarqf"V mRiUu dj jgk gSA ;gh lkekftd folaxfr dk izeq[k dkj.k gSA

ogha nwljh vksj lkfgR; rqf"V dk iznkrk gSA lkfgR; dk foLrkj ppkZ] foe'kZ n~okjk laHko gSAlkfgR;&fiiklk lekt dh rqf"V rFkk fodkl dks ldkjkRed fn'kk esa ys tkrh gS] fdarq c<+rh gqbZ ckt+kjoknhekufldrk us O;keksg esa caèks ekuo eu esa lkekftd fonwzirkvksa dks mRiUu fd;k gSA lkfgR; laosnuk dsèkjkry ij ekuo eu dks mRizsfjr dj Lok;Rr fopkjksa ds laizs"k.k ls caèkueqDr lekt ds fuekZ.k dhi"BHkwfe rS;kj djrk gSA ,slk lekt tgk¡ leUo;] lfg".kqrk] lkeatL; ,oa lkSgknZ tu dY;k.k ds izsjd gaSAizkphu dky ls vkt rd gekjs dfo] ys[kdx.k lkfgR; n~okjk tu&ekul dks dHkh mn~osfyr dj dHkhHkkoukvksa ds iz'keu n~okjk lekt ds uohu :i ds fuekZ.k esa lgHkkxh cus gaSA orZeku ;qx dks Hkh furkarvko';drk gS blh izdkj ds lkfgR; vkanksyu dh tgk¡ lkekftd lejlrk ,oa lkSgknZ dh izfrLFkkiuk gsrqmi;ksxh lkfgR; jpk tk,A

^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ds ekè;e ls gekjk lnSo ;g iz;kl jgk gS fd lektksi;ksxh lkFkZd lkfgR; dks c<+kokfn;k tk,A bl Øe esa if=kdk esa lfEefyr vkys[k mYys[kuh; gSaA blesa ekWjh'kl ds MkW- banznso HkksykbanzukFk ds vkys[k dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA ogha fganhrj {ks=kksa ls Hkh ys[kdksa ds lkfgR; deZ dksizeq[krk nh xbZ gSA bueas MkW- vfuy dqekj] MkW- ,e- 'ks"ku~ ds ys[k ,oa izks- osadVs'oj dh vuwfnr dgkuh'kkfey gSA Hkk"kk dk vkxkeh fo'ks"kkad ^fganh ,oa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds varl±caèk* fo"k; ij vkèkkfjr gksxkAfo'ks"kkad gsrq vkids vkys[k vkeaf=kr gSaA

Hkk"kk ds lacaèk esa vkidh izfrfØ;kvksa dh izrh{kk jgsxhA vk'kk djrk gw¡ fd Hkk"kk dk ;g vad vkilHkh lqèkhtuksa ds fy, mi;ksxh gksxkA

'kqHkdkeukvksa lfgrA

izksQslj vouh'k dqekj

Page 8: kk - Ministry of Human Resource Developmentchdpublication.mhrd.gov.in › ebook › pdf › Bhasha July-August 2019.pdf · ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ius Lrjh; s[ku ds nokjk lai.kZ fganh tr

6 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

vkius fy[kk

eSa vkids dk;kZy; n~okjk izdkf'kr ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk dk lnL; gw¡A eq>s ;g if=kdk fu;fer izkIr gksrh gSAvkidk vfr vkHkkjA ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk esa iwT; jk"Vªfirk egkRek xkaèkh th ds lexz fopkj n'kZu ij vkèkkfjrfo'ks"kkad izdkf'kr fd;k x;k gSA bl fo'ks"kkad esa izdkf'kr xkaèkh th ls lacafèkr lHkh vkys[k iBuh; ,oalaxzg.kh; gaSA vkidks lkèkqoknA

MkW- ih- vkj- oklqnsoufganh vfèkdkjh (lsokfuoÙk)361] vUuk lykb±] rs;eisV

psUubZ&600018

^Hkk"kk* if=kdk vius Lrjh; ys[ku ds n~okjk laiw.kZ fganh txr ds fy, ,d izsjd ds :i esa mifLFkr gSAfganh dks c<+kok nsus esa ^lkxj dh lhekvksa ls ijs* Hkk"kk ds ekWjh'kl dsafnzr fo'ks"kkad] izoklh Hkkjrh; fo'ks"kkadegRoiw.kZ ,oa mYys[kuh; gSaA

'kqHkdkeukvksa lfgrA

MkW- fou; dqekj 'kqDyvflLVsaV izksiQslj

tEew dsanzh; fo'ofon~;ky;] tEew

Page 9: kk - Ministry of Human Resource Developmentchdpublication.mhrd.gov.in › ebook › pdf › Bhasha July-August 2019.pdf · ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ius Lrjh; s[ku ds nokjk lai.kZ fganh tr

"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 7

laikndh;

laiw.kZ fo'o vk'p;Zpfdr gS fd èkeZ] tkfr] Hkk"kk vkSj thou'kSyh esa bruh vfèkd fofoèkrk gksrs gq,Hkh fdl çdkj ge ,d jk"Vª ls caèks gq, gSaA dksbZ ;g le> gh ugha ldrk fd fofoèkrk ds lkFk jgukvkSj ,d nwljs ds lkFk ,drk] leUo; vkSj lkeatL; cuk, j[kuk vuardky ls Hkkjr dh thou in~èkfrjgh gSA Hkkjr çkjaHk ls gh iaFk&fujis{k jgk gSA iaFk&fujis{krk jktO;oLFkk dh og voèkkj.kk gS] ftlesa lHkhèkeks± dk lEeku fd;k tkrk gS rFkk ukxfjdksa ds lkFk mudh èkkfeZd vkLFkkvksa ds vkèkkj ij dksbZ HksnHkkougha fd;k tkrkA eryc ;g gS fd ;gk¡ lHkh Hkkjrh;ksa ds leku vfèkdkj gSa vkSj mRrjnkf;Ro Hkh lekugSaA ;g gekjh lkewfgd jk"Vªh; laLÑfr] tks Hkkjr dh fofHkUu èkkfeZd vkSj xSj&èkkfeZd ijaijkvks a esalekfo"V gS] dh igpku dks n'kkZrk gSA lfn;ksa ls leku :i ls ;s gekjh jk"Vªh; igpku dks ifjyf{krdjrs vk, gSaA Hkkjr ds ,dRo dk vkèkkj mldh ;qxksa iqjkuh laLÑfr esa gh fufgr gSA ;g varfuZfgrlkaLÑfrd ,drk u dsoy gekjh jk"Vªh; igpku gS cfYd gekjs thouewY; gSaA bUgha ekuo&ewY;ksa dh ppkZgekjs osnksa] iqjk.kksa vkSj ijorhZ lkfgR; esa gqbZ gSA gekjh ;gh laLÑfr gekjs thou&ewY;ksa] O;ogkjksa vkSjlkekftd lejlrk dh vfyf[kr lafgrk gSA

Hkkjro"kZ ,d banzèkuq"k ds leku gSA baæèkuq"k dh voèkkj.kk blfy, dh xbZ D;ksafd vusdrkvksa esa HkhlnSo lfg".kqrk dk lkezkT; jgk gSA HkkSxksfyd v[kaMrk gekjk çFke ukxfjd drZO; gS ftls laLÑfr vkSjjktuhfr ls vyx ugha fd;k tk ldrkA bl ewy&ea=k dks ekurs gq, ;fn ge jk"Vªh; pfj=k ds fuekZ.k dkladYi djsa vkSj jk"Vª ds çfr HkfDr] fu"Bk vkSj Jn~èkk dks ysdj vkxs c<+sa rks jk"Vªh; pfj=k ds fuekZ.k dhfn'kk esa fuf'pr :i ls ,d u;k vè;k; tqM+ ldrk gSA orZeku esa dbZ rjg dh pqukSfr;k¡ gekjs lkeusgSaA ;s pqukSfr;k¡ ckSn~fèkd Hkh gSa vkSj lkaLÑfrd Hkh gSaA vius ewY;ksa vkSj viuh ekU;rkvksa ds çfr fu"Bk ugksuk Hkh ,d cM+h pqukSrh gSA ftl ns'k dks u"V djuk gks ml ns'k dh laLÑfr dks u"V dj nhft,]mldh Hkk"kk u"V dj nhft,] vius vki og lekt vkSj tkfr u"V gks tk,xhA ge Hkkjrh;ksa esa bruklkeF;Z rks gS fd bu pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk dj ldsa] fdarq blds fy, n<+ bPNk'kfDr vkSj ladYi dhvko';drk gSA Lokeh foosdkuan us dgk Fkk fd ¶gekjs ;gk¡ lkeF;Z dh deh ugha gSA laHkkoukvksa dh Hkhgekjs ;gk¡ deh ugha gSA deh gS ladYi dh] deh gS leiZ.k dhA¸

Hkkjr dk Hkfo"; vHkh cuuk gS vkSj ;g Hkfo"; jk"Vªh; lkaLÑfrd nf"V ij vkèkkfjr gksxk] Hkkjrh;rkij vkèkkfjr gksxkA O;fDrxr :i ls Hkkjrh; cgqr çfrHkk'kkyh gSa vkSj cgqr dqN gkfly dj ldrs gSaA bUgsaçkIr djus ds fy, gesa y{; vius lkeus j[kus gksaxsA bu y{;ksa dks ikus ds fy, jkLrs vyx&vyx gksldrs gSa] erHksn gks ldrs gSa] fdarq jk"Vª dh nf"V ls dHkh Hkh] dgha Hkh erHksn ugha gksuk pkfg,A

Hkkjro"kZ dh fofoèkrkvksa ds ln'k gh gekjk lkfgR; Hkh vusdksa fojklrs lesVs gq, gS] vko';drk gSrks mUgsa lkeus ykus dhA gekjk lnSo ;g iz;kl jgk gS fd ^Hkk"kk if=kdk* fganh rFkk lHkh Hkk"kkvksa esa fd,tk jgs dk;ks± esa lkeatL; cuk, j[ksA

izLrqr vad esa iwoZ dh Hkk¡fr fofoèk LraHkksa ds varxZr lkexzh nh xbZ gSA Hkk"kk ds vadksa ds ckjs esaizkIr lEefr;ksa ls gesa vkxkeh vadksa dks vkSj csgrj cukus dk lacy feyrk jgk gSA if=kdk ds fo"k; esavkids fopkj lnSo Lohdk;Z ,oa Lokxr ;ksX; gSaA

(MkW- jkds'k dqekj)

Page 10: kk - Ministry of Human Resource Developmentchdpublication.mhrd.gov.in › ebook › pdf › Bhasha July-August 2019.pdf · ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ius Lrjh; s[ku ds nokjk lai.kZ fganh tr

8 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

¶dYiuk ,d ,slh jpukRed 'kfDr gS tks izR;sd euq"; ds Hkhrjgksrh gSA ,d O;fDr ls nwljs O;fDr dh dYiuk esa vkuqikfrd Hksn gksldrk gSA blds fcuk u rks euq"; dyk dk fuekZ.k gh dj ldrk gS] umldk jlkLoknu ghA u og Hkwr dh Hkkouk dj ldrk gS] u Hkfo"; dkvuqekuA u og vKkr dh ftKklk dj ldrk gS u egRokdka{kk ;k fnokLoIudk vkuan gh ys ldrk gSA dYiuk dh egRrj lf"V ,d fnu esa ughagksrhA mlds fy, o"kks± dh vuojr vuqHkwfr&lkèkuk vko';d gSA jpukdkjdh eu%fLFkfr ml Hkhrj&Hkhrj tykus okyh vkx dh rjg gksrh gS tksckgj ls nh[k ugha iM+rh vkSj lglk rjy yiVksa dk :i ys ysus ij cjclgh gekjh ^,safnz;psruk* dks Li'kZ dk vkea=k.k nsrh gSA lkfgR; esa blh^'khry Tokyk* dks :i nsus dk dke dYiuk djrh gSA fcac&fuekZ.k dsn~okjk bl ^Tokyk* dks n`'; cukdj gekjs lkeus mifLFkr djrh gS vkSjgekjs ,safnz; cksèk dks rIr djrh gSA¸

dsnkjukFk flag

Page 11: kk - Ministry of Human Resource Developmentchdpublication.mhrd.gov.in › ebook › pdf › Bhasha July-August 2019.pdf · ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ius Lrjh; s[ku ds nokjk lai.kZ fganh tr

"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 9

vkys[k

uoxhr ds ltZukRed vk;keMkW- vfuy dqekj

d fork ds {ks=k esa ifjorZu dHkh vkdfLed ugha gqvk cfYd ;FkkfLFkfr ls la?k"kZ dhvksj iz;ksx djus dh fLFkfr esa gqvkA ifjorZu lslacafèkr rdZiw.kZ fparu vkSj ckSn~fèkdrk ls ;qDr ewY;kaduds n~okjk gqvkA dfork ds bl ifjorZu esa tks var%lR; fufgr gS] ;g ,d vksj tgk¡ lkoZykSfdd BgjrkgS ogha lekukarj :i ls ledkyhu gksrk gSA dguk ugksxk fd ikBd dh laosnuk dks iw.kZr;k uohuhÑrdjus esa ,sls ifjorZu izk;% liQy gksrs vk, gaSA esjkekuuk gS_ uoxhr dk izknqHkkZo Hkh blh ifjorZu dsØe esa gqvk gSA

ge eku ldrs gSa fd uoxhr dk dky 1955ls vkjaHk gksrk gSA uoxhr dh f'kuk[r vFkkZr~ MkW-jktsanz izlkn flag n~okjk laikfnr xhrkafxuh* dh Hkwfedkesa ^uoxhr* dk mYys[k rFkk MkW- 'kaHkqukFk flag dsn~okjk ^uoxhr n'kdksa* dk izdk'ku dfork ds {ks=k esau, ifjorZuksa dks Li"Vr% iq"V djrs gSaA oLrqr% xhrdh ubZ ih<+h&lkBksRrjh ih<+h ;k mlds dqN iwoZ dhih<+h ds xhfr lkfgfR;d ÑfrRo esa lcls y{k.kh;ckr dks Bhd vtufc;r ;k [kafMr igpku ds lkFkmYys[k fd;k_ fiQj Hkh vkReizoapuk ,oa vkRe'yk?kkvkSj Lefrghu le; esa uoxhr us Lo;a dks Lefrokucus jgus ds ;ksX; cuk;kA ifjorZu dks iwjh rjgvkRelkr djrs gq, eè;oxhZ;] fparu'khy lekt dksfpf=kr fd;kA nfyrksa vkSj 'kksf"krksa ds izfr fopkjokucukA

,d larqfyr vfHkO;fDr ds lkFk dky dksmlds vuq:i :ikf;r djus okyh dfork gh gjdky esa izklafxd gksrh gSA dky ds bl xgu cksèk dksuoxhr esa vfHkO;fDr feyh gS rFkk uoxhrdkj blrF; dks tkudj gh ;qxkuqdwy 'kCn nsus esa liQy gq,gSaA ;fn xaHkhjrk ls fopkj djsa rks ;gh dfork dhi"BHkwfe gSA

lu~ 1980 dk n'kd ;fn ubZ dfork dspjeksRd"kZ dk dky Fkk rks uoxhr Hkh ,d i;kZIrifjofrZr fodflr voLFkk ds dky ij vius vkfèkiR;dh ?kks"k.kk dj jgk Fkk D;ksafd blesa jpukRedrk FkhvkSj lkFkZdrk Hkh tks dfork ds lHkh xq.kksa ls ifjiw.kZFkhA blfy, bls vfuok;Z :i ls viuh n{krk dks]lkFkZdrk dks] tfLVfiQds'ku dks lkfcr djus ds fy,vius lkeF;Z] Lo:i vkSj LoHkko dks izR;{k djus dht:jr iM+hA ;g uoxhr vkSj uoxhrdkj nksuksa tkursFks fd ;fn os lekt dk lkèkkj.k èkeZ fuokZg djus esaleFkZ gaS] rks lkfgR; esa ,d fo'ks"k èkeZ dh lf"V gksxhvkSj os mls u;k vo;o Hkh nsaxs] ftlds rky ij nksuksapy ldsaxsA

n{krk] fuiq.krk vFkok fln~fèk èkeZ dk ,dekSfyd LoHkko gSA bl ekSfyd LoHkko us viuk èkeZlaikfnr djrs gq, vius bnZ&fxnZ f?kjs gq, vi;kZIrrkds cksèk ds ml fufoM+ vdsysiu esa Lo;a dks izLrqrfd;k rFkk vius èkjkry dks fodflr fd;k] ftlesa,d ubZ oLrqfLFkfr Fkh vkSj og Fkk & lkSan;ZcksèkA tgk¡

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10 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

rd eSa le>rk gw¡] ;gh mldh igyh dkyps"Vk Fkh &pkgs og ubZ vfHkO;fDr ls izdV gqbZ gks ;k dF; dsu, iz;ksx ls ;k u, f'kYi ls ;k rky ls] lqj ls ;kèkqu ls] Nan ls ;k y; ls] lc esa uohu ltZuk dku;k jax vkSj ubZ isafVax FkhA

bl rjg Hkkjrh; lkfgR; txr esa ftl ubZfoèkk dk izknqHkkZo gqvk] og uoxhr gSA okLro esauoxhr dkyps"Vk dh ,d ,slh pkguk gS] ftls rdZukls ugha ik;k tk ldrkA ;g pkguk rdZuk ds ry ijvkdj Hkh detksj ugha gksrh oju~ vfèkd nqfuZokj gkstkrh gSA og pkguk esa varHkqZDr gksdj Lo;a ghmRizsfjr gksrh jgrh gS] oSls gh tSls dksbZ dLrwjh exmUefFkr] mUekfnr gksrk jgrk gSA bl foèkk dk dkO;{ks=k vR;ar O;kid] cgqeq[kh vkSj cgqjaxh gSA bldsvusd Loj gSa] tks lkekftd] jktuSfrd] vkfFkZd dslkFk&lkFk nk'kZfud vkSj izsekuqHkwfr dks Hkh vuqjaftr]vkg~ykfnr djrs gSa fdarq buds ckotwn tks Loj lclsiz[kj] mnkRr vkSj bjknksa ls Hkjiwj gS] og Loj lelkef;dthou thus ds la?k"kZ dk gSA

uoxhr esa u;k vkSj Rofjr dky&cksèk Hkh ,dfoLe; dh fLFkfr gSA lp dk dky&cksèk ,d leL;kgS D;ksafd vrhr gekjs eu&efLr"d ij gkoh gksrk gSvkSj vkorhZ egkdky dh ubZ ppkZ la'k;iw.kZ izrhrgksrh gSA dg ldrs gSa fd gekjk dky cksèk Li"V ughagksrk vFkok gesa Li"V ugha gksrs vFkok gesa Li"V ughafn[krk vkSj ge lkaizfrd dky esa volUu vofLFkrjgrs gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa gekjk ;FkkFkZ Hkh {kh.k gksrk gS]blhfy, mls lansg dh n`f"V ls ns[kk tkrk gS] mldkladsr djus okys dks Hkh 'kd ds nk;js esa j[kk tkrkgS] ;gk¡ rd fd dky ds o`gRrj u, vk;keksa dkladsr feyus ij Hkh mldk og vkØkar vkSj ladVkiUuizrhd gksrk jgrk gS] ftlls og thrk gS vkSj ftls ogvkR;afrd egRo nsrk gSA ;g fLFkfr vkt dk ,digyw gS] vkt ds uoxhr dk vkSj mldh LFkkiuk dkA

mi;qZDr voèkkj.kk ,d izdkj dh izfØ;k gS ;kmlls Hkh dqN vfèkd gS] ftlds dkj.k ge ,dLFkkiuk] ekU;rk ij igq¡prs gSa] tgk¡ uoxhr ;fn iw.kZr%LFkkfir u Hkh gks lds rks Hkh mldh LohÑfr vo';ekU; gks tkrh gSA

ge vkSj gekjs vkykspd] fon~oku vkSj fopkjdHkh yxkrkj fdlh Hkh ubZ foèkk ds fy, vc rdrqyukRed fLFkfr mRiUu djrs jgs gSaA fdarq blifjizs{; esa ,d iz'u ge lHkh ds eu esa jgrk gS]ftls izR;{k djus ls ge lc drjkrs jgrs gSaA ifj.kkeLo:i ml ubZ foèkk dk iz'u T;ksa&dk&R;ksa cuk jgrkgSA

ge lHkh futh rkSj ij Hkh vkSj vkSipkfjd rkSjij Hkh] [kkl voljksa ij Hkh nkok djrs gSa fd gekjklkfgR; lkekftd ifjos'k dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds lekukarjxfr djrk gSA xkSjryc gS fd fujarj xfr'khy lkekftdifjfLFkfr;k¡ Hkh gekjs lkfgR; dks xfr'khy cukrh gaSAblh xfr'khyrk ds dkj.k lkfgR; esa ifjorZu yf{krgksrk gSA bl fodkl'khyrk dks tkuus&le>us ij Hkhge vH;klo'k vkSj vkyL;o'k ,d vksj iwoZ dslkfgR; vkSj nwljh vksj mRrjorhZ lkfgR; dks j[kdjrqyuk djrs jgrs gSa] tks gkL;kLin gS vkSj gekjknqHkkZX; Hkh gS fd tc rd ge iwoZ dh foèkk ij ppkZdjrs jgrs gSa rc rd mRrjorhZ Hkh iwoZ dk gks tkrkgSA

,d vkSj ckr Hkh yf{kr gksrh gS ge tc HkhHkkjrh; dfork dh ckr djrs gSa rks gekjk è;ku vktdsoy ubZ dfork dh vksj gksrk gS] tks bl dky dhvkèkqfudrk esa vkèkqfud cuh Hkkjrh; lekt] lkekftdrk]lkekftd thou] ifjos'k vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds gw&c&gwfp=k.k djus dh fLFkfr esa ugha gSA nwljh ckr ;g gSfd mlds vkn'kZ ij Hkkjrh; lkfgR; ijaijk rks gaaSafdarq Hkkjrh;rk ds izfr iwjh rjg fu"Bkoku ugha gSAoLrqr% ubZ dfork esa dgha ,d cqfu;knh Hkwy gS ;kog dksbZ egRo dh ckr Hkqyk, ns jgh gS vFkok mlegr~ dh mis{kk dj ds feV tkus ns jgh gSA dfo;ksadh nf"V Hkh vfèkdka'k vuns[kk dj jgh gSA

njvly gekjs lkfgR; esa vkjaHk ls gh Hkkjrh;thou&nf"V gS] ftlesa gekjh lqn<+ ijaijk vkSj lkekftdthou dk LoHkko vkSj mldh laink gSA Hkkjr dh ,dlaf'y"V lkekftd bdkb;ksa ds ewy esa tks xgjh,dkRerk gS] mldh xaèk gSA Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dk n'kZu

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 11

tks lalkj ds fdlh Hkh ns'k] jk"Vª ;k jkT; ds lkfgfR;dn'kZu dh vis{kk vfèkd nh?kZdky ls muds thou dksizHkkfor djrk jgk gS] og xkSjo gSA fiQj Hkh ;g lpgS fd laLÑr lkfgR; ds gzkl ds leku fganh lkfgR;dk og xfjeke; Lo:i Hkh volUu gqvkA ik'pkR;lH;rk dh vkè;kfRed 'kwU;rk tSls fopkj&fcanqvksa dksHkkjrh; lkfgR; ls tksM+dj jktuSfrd foe'kZ dkdkj.k cuk;k x;k rFkk lkfgR; dks Hkkjrh;&jktuSfrddh dsanzh; leL;k ds :i esa ns[kk x;kA blds ckotwnvfèkd dqN xgjk ;k dgsa vuNqvk gkfly ugha gksldkA vfirq if'pe ls VdjkgV gksus ds chp dforkuoxhr ds :i esa laiqaftr gqbZA D;ksafd izR;sd ;qx dhviuh fu;fr foo'krk&foMacuk&lEeksgu gksrs gaS] mldsifjizs{; esa uoxhr dks ns[kuk] bl fu;fr&foo'krk lsiFkd ugha ekuk tk ldrkA ;g blfy, fd yksdfiz;dfork dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk mldk tufgr esa gksukgSA ml lPpkbZ ls ijs ;fn dksbZ futh yksdfiz;rk dsuke ij ^vkosx* vkSj mRrstuk* fy[ks rk s og^fjfMD;qyl* gks tk,xkA xkSjryc ;g gS fd ubZdfork esa vkosx mrkj ij vk x;k gSA mRlkg tfurdfork dh vk¡[kksa esa viuh Hkwfedk u fuHkk ikus dknnZ Nyd vk;k gSA vkt jktuhfr vkSj turk dklacaèk 'kkld vkSj 'kkflr dk gks x;k gSA lektcnyus okyh ubZ dfork ls mldk ukrk VwV pqdk gSA

fuLlansg Hkkjrh; thou nf"V vkSj Hkkjrh; lkfgR;,d nwljs ds i;kZ; gaSA nksuksa dk vU;ksU;kJ; lacaèk gS]ftldh vuqxwa¡t Nan;qDr gS rFkk mlesa y; O;kIr gS]tks ukn dh rjg vuojr èofu esa forfjr gksrh jgrhgS] ftlds dkj.k izÑfr vkSj izkÑfrd thou nksuksalkSan;Z;qDr gksdj fujarj Liafnr gksrs jgrs gSaA uoxhr esaHkkjr dh izÑfr gS vkSj laLÑfr Hkh] ftuds esy lsHkkjrh;rk curh gSA blfy, blds fparu esa ;fn ,dvksj ns'kt xaèk gS rks nwljh vksj vkapfyd lkSan;Z gSA;fn ,d vksj lkekftd thou dk ijaijk cksèk gS rksnwljh vksj lekt dh ledkyhu psruk gSA

dfork txr esa uoxhr ,d u;k iQu gSAvkèkqfud rduhd dk uewuk gSA 'kCnksa esa iz;ksx dhdyk] eqgkojksa esa u, ;qx dh uhfr] fcacksa esa ubZckSn~fèkdrk dh rgt+hc] uohu èkqu] lqj esa cnyrs

fetkt dh Hkwfedk] laxhr esa laiw.kZ dks lesVus dhviwoZ {kerk vkSj dgu] lgu dh vkèkqfudrk us udsoy O;fDr vkSj lekt dks viuh vuqHkwfr ls tksM+usesa deky gkfly fd;k gS] cfYd dfork ds okLrfod:i] xq.k] LoHkko] 'khy] lkSan;Z dk Hkh n'kZu djk;kgSA ;Fkk%

>jrk gS ckny ls uhyk vkdk'kisM+ksa dh vatqfj ls fjlrh gS èkwilwjt dh Hkk"kk dksdkSu i<+s\lw;Zeq[kh miou esaf[kyrk ,dkar

('kCnksa ds in@fd'kksj dkoM+k)vkt ubZ dfork vkSj uoxhr esa tks ikFkZD;

ifjyf{kr gS] og dfork ds laxhr foghu gks tkus dsdkj.kA dfork vius vkfn mn~Hko esa laxhr ds lkFkFkhA ^fganh dfork vkSj Nan* uked fucaèk esa fnudjth us ;g fy[kk gS& ¶,slk yxrk gS fd lf"V ds blNan&Lianu;qDr vkosx dh igyh ekuoh; vfHkO;fDrdfork vkSj laxhr FksA vkjaHk esa dfork vkSj laxhrnksuksa ,dkdkj Fks_ euq"; ds eq[k ls y; dk tks vkuaniQwVk] mlesa 'kCn vkSj laxhr nksuksa feys gq, FksA¸

dfork esa Nanghurk ds izpyu ls iwoZ Nan dhy; gh dfork dh y; FkhA vDlj ,slk gksrk Fkk fdle;&le; ij mBus okys Hkkoksa] fopkjksa ds vuqdwylkE;rk ,oa eu dks eqXèk djus okyh y; ds lkSan;Zdks vfèkd egRo nsus ds fy, fof'k"V Nanksa dk pqukodkO;dkj Lo;a dj ysrs Fks ;k lkSan;Z egRrk dk è;kudj u, Nanks dk fuekZ.k Hkh djrs FksA ;gh dkj.k Fkkfd dfork esa iz;ksx gksus okys Nanksa ls gh euksn'kk]euksosx rFkk lkef;drk dk Hkh cksèk gks tkrk FkkAoLrqr% Nan fganh dfork dk dYio{k jgk gS] fdarqjhfrdky dh vLokHkkfodrk esa Nan ladqfpr gksrkpyk x;kA dnkfpr~ bl dkj.k ls ;k viuh vR;fèkdeq[kjrk ds fy, ubZ dfork us vfHkèkkRed xq.k vkSjxn~; dk :i èkkj.k fd;k gksA

dfork dk Nan ls eqDr gksuk ,d vLokHkkfodifj.kfr gSA gk¡] ;g lp gS fd mlds izfr fonzksgvfHkO;fDr dh Lora=krk ds lkFk lekt esa O;kid

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12 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

fo Ük[kayrk dks lgh 'kCn nsus vFkok Lo;a dks mldsvuq:i izekf.kr djus ds iz;Ru esa gqvk] fdarq ;g,d ,slk iz;ksx Fkk] ftlds dkj.k dfork iz;ksxoknh;k ubZ dfork cudj i;kZIrrk ds fy, viuk èkeZHkwy xbZA

uoxhr ubZ dfork ugha gS] exj dfork gS]dfork ds varxZr ,d foèkk gSA esjk ekuuk gS] ;fndfork dk vkjaHk xhr ls gqvk gS rks ;g dfork gSD;ksafd xhr esa vkRek èofur gksrh gSA blfy, bldsukn esa tks O;kidrk gSa] mlls dqN Hkh vNwrk ugha gSAvkèkqfud lkfgR; Hkh ;g Lohdkjrk gS fd dfork dkbfrgkl eq[; :i ls izxhr eqDrdksa dk gSA xkSjryc;g gS fd uoxhr dks izÑfr ds LoHkko&lkn';izfriknu ls Hkkjrh; fpard vkSj ltZd ekul dkslexzrk ls le>us dk vfèkd volj izkIr gksrk gSfdarq tks ifjn'; fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS] mlls yxrk gS fduoxhr ds vkfn mn~Hko ds fodkl dh tkudkjh dsckotwn vkykspdksa dh nf"V esa dfork vkSj uoxhrdh ikjLifjd nwfj;k¡ T;ksa dh R;ksa gaSA

uoxhr us viuh ltZuk ds Lo:i dks izÑfrvkSj mlds lkSan;Z esa fLFkr gksdj jpk gSA laiw.kZ ekuoksadh ekuoh;rk ds fofoèk] foiqy oSf'k"V~; ,oa lkfgR;dh oSèkkfudrk ds vkèkkj ij Lo;a dks fodflr fd;kgS rFkk vius LokRe ds vfrfjDr lkjh lf"V] pj&vpj]Hkko] vuqHkwfr] mn~ns'; cqn~fèk] izsj.kk vkfn lkfgfR;dehekalk dk vkèkkj cus] bl :i esa Lo;a dks izR;{kfd;k gSA brus ij Hkh dbZ ckj ;g iz'u lkeus vkrkgS fd uoxhr D;k gS\ bl iz'u dk mRrj Hkkjrh;dfork bfrgkl ds ml dky dk n'kZu djkrk gS] tgk¡xhr vkSj dfork dk foèkku iFkd gksus ij HkhlaxhrkRedrk esa lekurk FkhA njvly dfork lkekftdthou dh jkxkRed vfHkO;fDr gSA vkt Hkys gh ubZdfork dh vfHkO;fDr esa jkx dk :i likV gks x;kgS] fdarq iwoZ dh vfHkO;fDr eas jkxkRedrk dh izèkkurkFkh rFkk viuh LokHkkfodrk ds lkFk dfork dhvuqHkwfr;ksa esa Hkh fufgr FkhA ;g vyx ckr gS fdÚk;M] dksijfudl] MkWjfou] okVlu vkfn ds fln~èkkarksaesa ekuo dh fLFkfr vuqHkwfr;ksa ds èkjkry ij fHkUu gS]exj bl lR; dks >qByk;k ugha tk ldrk fd

vuqHkwfr ds lkFk jkxkRed vfHkO;fDr dk fpj lacaèkgS_ vU;Fkk ØkSap dh ân;&fonkjd ph[k ls vkfndfo ckYehfd ds vuq"Vqi Nan esa d#.kk ds jkxk#.kdk cksèk ugha gksrkA blhfy, Nan] rky] LojSD; vkSjesy] rkjrE; vkSj larqyu dh lf"V bl LokHkkfod'kfDr dks laHkkys j[kus esa fujarj iz;Ru'khy gS ,oadyk dh Ñf=kerk Hkh buesa ns[kh&ij[kh tk ldrh gSA;gk¡ ;g tkuuk t:jh gS fd dyk] dfork ftldk,d vax gS] mleas Ñf=kerk vkSj ekuoh; Hkko larqyudh jkxkfRedk cqn~fèk vfuok;Z gSA oLrqr% jkxkfRedkcqn~fèk dk gh lkfuè; izkIr dj gekjs eu dh dkseyHkkouk,¡ izÑfr dh laiw.kZrk ls la;ksx LFkkfir djus esaleFkZ gksrh gSaA

;g loZfofnr gS fd izÑfr fo'o:ikRed gksusds dkj.k vius foLrkj ds {k.kksa esa laxhrkRed vkSjlkSan;kZRed gksrh gS vkSj ;s nksuksa ftl vkèkkj dks xzg.kdj Lo;a dks vfHkO;Dr djrs gSa] og dfork gSA MkW-jkeys[kkou ikaMs; ds vuqlkj dfork dks tkuus dsfy, ;g ,d lw=kkRed okD; gSA ;fn bldh ehekalkdjsa rks laxhrkRedrk ,oa lkSan;kZRedrk nksuksa bl lw=kesa lfUufo"V gSaA bu nksuksa esa gh lkekftd psruk ,oalaosnuk ds laj{k.k ds egRoiw.kZ iz'u tqM+s gq, gSaA buij [kkst gksuh pkfg, D;ksafd ;g iz'u dfork dslaiw.kZ i;Zos{k.k ds fy, izfrcn~èk gS rFkk vkykspuk dsekaunaMksa ds fy, Hkh fopkj.kh; gSA ;gk¡ rd fd ubZdfork vkSj uoxhr dks Bhd&Bkd le>us ds fy,Hkh vko';d gSA vkpk;Z jkepanz 'kqDy us fy[kk gS fd^ân; ij fuR; izHkko j[kus okys :iksa vkSj O;kikjksa dksHkkouk ds lkeus ykdj dfork okg~; izÑfr ds lkFkeuq"; dh var% izÑfr dk lkeatL; ?kfVr djrh gqbZmldh HkkoukRed lRrk ds izlkj dk iz;kl djrh gSA;fn vius Hkkoksa dks lesV dj euq"; ân; dks 'ks"klf"V ls fdukjs dj ys ;k LokFkZ dh i'kqofRr esa ghfyIr j[ks rks mldh euq";rk dgk¡ jgsxh\----- blfo'o dkO; dh jlèkkjk esa tks FkksM+h nsj ds fy,fueXu u gqvk mlds thou dks e#LFky dh ;k=kk ghle>uh pkfg,A*

mi;qZDr foospu ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 13

dfork vfHkO;fDr dh i;kZIrrk lekt ds fudV gksusds fy, ftl èkeZ dh vko';drk gksrh gS] og dykdk] dyk oLrq dk xkSjo] mldh HkO;rk gSA njvly;g HkO;rk vFkkZr~ HkkokRed ,drk ds fofHkUu Hkkoftl jklk;fud fØ;k ds xBu esa ,d gksrs gSa] mlxBu dk dsanz vkt uoxhr gSA blds vfrfjDr ,dckr vkSj gS fd dfo dykdkj vkSj vU; yksd&tuizk;% va'kthoh gksrs gSa] tc lexz dk laLi'kZ vuk;klgesa feyrk gS] og Hkys gh vuqHko ds {k.k dk Nqougks ij laiw.kZ mlesa lek;k gksrk gS] og lq[k Hkhuoxhr esa gh feyrk gS] vFkkZr~ y; esa laxhr dk lq[kA

uoxhr dh y; Nan ds dkj.k laxhre; gksrh gSvkSj y; lexz dk cksèk gS rFkk mldh jkxkRed izs;rkds lqj] rky] èkqu vkfn dh bdkb;k¡ vyx gSa] fdarqlaisz"k.k esa vn~forh; gSaA dnkfpr bl rF; ls lHkhlaosnu'khy O;fDr ifjfpr gSa fd yksd&tu tcviuk xhr xkrk gS] rks mls thrk Hkh gSA mlds xhr esalapkjh Hkko xhr rd lhfer ugha gksrs] oju~ mlesamlds lewps rRdkyhu vfLrRo vfHkO;aftr gksrs gSaA

dksbZ Hkh lkfgR;dkj pkgs og dFkkdkj ;k dfogks mldk nwljs rd igq¡puk t:jh gSA bl igq¡pus dhegRoiw.kZ fØ;k esa ftruk izcy vkxzg lkaxhfrd y;dk gksrk gS] mruk fdlh Hkh lkfgfR;d foèkk esa lqxeugha gksrk D;ksafd lkaxhfrd y; og lqjax gS] ftldsHkhrj xhr ds vfrfjDr 'kk;n gh vU; fdlh dkizos'k bruk vklku gksA

vkt uoxhr us vius 'kCnksa] fcacksa] izrhdksa]eqgkojksa ds fof'k"V iz;ksx ,oa u, f'kYi foèkku lslHkh {ks=kksa dks fodflr vkSj moZj fd;k gSA pkgs yksdgks ;k yksdkapy uoxhr ds u,iu dk izHkko mu ijLi"V n'kZuh; gSA blus vius u,iu ls xhrksa] yksdxhrksadh ikjaifjd xhfr&uhfr cnyh gS rFkk iz;ksx HkhAuohurk ls yksdkapy dh lkjh fp=k&ohfFk;k¡ Hkh cnyhgSaA oLrqr% uoxhr us vrhr ds fp=k[kaMksa esa orZeku dsthoar n';ksa ls ,d yksd jpk gS ftlesa ekuoh;lacaèkksa dh vÑf=ke Nfo&jatuk vkt ds ifjos'k vkSjifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lkSan;Z ewyd dSuol cuk izrhr gksrkgSA ;Fkk%

jkr pSr dhns[k jgh I;kj lsihyk pk¡n mxk gSioZr ikj ls{khj flaèkq ls mBhubZ fgydksj gSiRrk&iRrk ne lkèksgj vksj gSrst dne py jgsu{k=k dgkj&ls

(ihyk pk¡n mxk gS@ cqn~fèkukFk feJ)uoxhr vkèkqfudrk ds lkjs miknuksa] vklaxks ds

izfr vkLFkkoku gksdj Hkh viuh ekVh ds izfr vR;arlaosnu'khy gSA ;s blfy, fd blh efRrdkxaèk lsHkkjrh; laLÑfr ds ewY;oku èkjksgj lqjf{kr gSaA blhekVh esa yksd vkSj yksdkapy lkSan;Z dk og jax vkSjlq"kek Hkh fLFkr gS] ftlesa bldh jkxkRed laosnukviuh iw.kZrk ds lkFk fLFkr gSA ;g dgus esa eq>s dksbZladksp ugha gS fd vkt ds oLrqoknh ;qx esa ubZdfork dk yksdkapy vkSj izÑfr ls eksg Hkax gksrk tkjgk gS] fdarq uoxhr esa ns'kt eksg rFkk izÑfr vkSjyksdkapy ds fy, xgjh laosnuk gSA ;Fkk%

ou&ik[kh&lhpgd jgh gSèkwi lqcg dhvHkh&vHkh mrjh gSNTts ls vkaxu esalius ck¡p jgh gSiwjs ?kj esa] eu esacucsyk&lh egd jgh gSèkwi lqcg dh

(èkwi lqcg dh@ ;'kksèkjk jkBkSj);g lHkh tkurs gSa fd tu laosnuk yksd xhrksa esa

ftruh ikbZ tkrh gS] mruh lkfgR; dh fdlh foèkk esaughaA okLro esa yksdxhr gh ekuo psruk ds mu xqIrvk;keksa dk mn~?kkVu djrk gS] tks vke dh vejkb;ksa]unh ds 'kkar ,dkar rVksa] jsrhys eSnkuksa] èku[ksrksa] isM+kasdh LrCèk Nkoksa] lkou dh >hfl;ksa Hkhxrs iyksa esa dSn

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14 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

gksrs gSaA fuLlansg] yksdxhrksa esa os vk;ke O;kid gSa]fiQj Hkh uoxhr us viuh izfØ;k esa ykdj mUgsavfèkd vuqjaftr fd;k gSA bruk gh ugha] vrhr vkSjorZeku dks xw¡Fkdj ,d ,sls yksd dk fuekZ.k fd;k gS]ftlesa laosnuk vkSj le> ,desd gqbZ tku iM+rh gaSA;Fkk%

ik¡oks esa?kq¡?kq: xk,xkl¡ojsxk tks xk¡o]gfj;k,xk:i èkjk dkeqLdk,xk isM+]gjh ?kkl lsgks tk,xhgjh&Hkjh gj esM+]LoxZ yxsxhgj èku[ksrhyx tk, tks nk¡o]fiQj ls eèkqcujl Hkj nsxkjkl jpsxk jkst]'kqHkz pk¡nuh dsvkrs ghfeV tk,xk lkst]dgha u gksxhjkr vekolpedsxk gj Bk¡o

(l¡ojsxk tks xk¡o@ MkW- vfuy dqekj)rRdkyhu vkykspdksa us iz;ksxoknh dfork (ubZ

dfork) dh vrho eq[kjrk ns[kdj xhr dh vi;kZIrrkij vusd earO; fn,A mu fnuksa fdlh gn rd xhresa viw.kZrk Hkh FkhA xhr esa rc 'kCn iz;ksx vkSj vFkZlanHkZ blfy, Hkh ugha Fks D;ksafd mudh ekax Hkh ughadh xbZ FkhA ;gh dkj.k gS fd xhr dks ^fujkyk* ls tksdqN feyk] og vko';drk ds fy, vi;kZIr gksus dsckotwn ,d cnyko ds ekfeZd fcanq ij eku fy;kx;kA ;g blfy, fd xhr dks cnyko dh fpark FkhAesjk ekuuk gS] izR;sd vi;kZIrrk cnyko dh fufèk esamlds fy, u;k vkfo"Ñr djrk gS& u;k dqN] leFkZ

dqN] lqanj dqN ,slk dqN tks mlds fodkl ds fy,xgjk vfHkizk; j[krk gSA ;g xgjk vfHkizk; gh uoxhrdk dfork gksuk gSA dfork vFkkZr~ Hkkjrh; dforkftls jhfrdky dh vLokHkkfod ekax ds dkj.k Hkkjrh;dfo;ksa dks NksM+uk iM+k rFkk mUgsa if'pe dh jkg ijpyus dh foo'krk >syuh iM+hA

uoxhr dfork gSA blesa Nan] y; vkSj laxhrLokHkkfodrk ds lkFk miyCèk gSA fdarq laxhr dksdfork ds lanHkZ esa vU; fo"k; ekuk x;k gS] blfy,vU;rk ds Lo:i ij fopkj t:jh gSA izk;% ;gloZfofnr gS fd Hkkjrh; ltZukRed dykvksa esa dforkvkSj laxhr vuU; gks tkrs gSaA 18oha 'krh ls igysif'pe esa Hkh ;gh fLFkfr Fkh] fdarq mlh 'krh esa gh;g fLFkfr ugha jghA bldk vFkZ ;g ugha fd geHkkjrh; if'pe dh udy djsa D;ksafd 'kkL=kh; laxhrvkSj uR; vkt Hkh] vHkh rd dkO;kfHkizk;ksa ls tqM+sjgdj fo'ks"k vFkZoÙkk ik jgs gSaA vLrq] bl rF;ijdfLFkfr dks uoxhrdkjksa dks gh ugha] dkO;dkjksa] vkykspdksadks Hkh le>uk pkfg, D;ksafd dfork vkSj laxhr dk'kk'or lacaèk gSA ;g laxhr gh gS] tks lkekftd thouvkSj mlds laxBukRed fodkl dks ,oa vapy] ns'ktdks ,d lw=krk iznku djrk gSA ;Fkk%

NksM+ vk, Fks ftls ge[ksr esaid xbZ gksxh lqugyh èkkuegdrh gksxh gok?kj&xk¡o dhgj nsgvkSj g¡fl, dksNqvk gksxkdq¡okjh m¡xfy;ksa dk usgrksM+ vk, Fks tgk¡ geck¡lqjhflldrh gksxh vdsyh rku

(id xbZ gksxh lqugyh èkku@vuwi v'ks"k)uoxhr esa izÑfr&dkO; ds larqfyr fo'ys"k.k

vkSj mlesa mifLFkr n';kofy;ksa] fcacksa rFkk vfHkO;fDr;ksaij nf"Vikr djuk blfy, lehphu gS fd Hkkjr dsizkÑfrd ifjos'k dh xgu O;kidrk ds lkFk

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 15

laxhrkRedrk LoHkkor% tqM+h gSA lf"V dh izkjafHkdvoLFkk esa gh nksuksa dh mRifRr vkSj mudk fodkl Hkh,d lkFk gqvkA ;g fodkl izÑfr ds lkjs vo;oksa esans[kk tk ldrk gSA fo'o&lkfgR; ds xaHkhj vè;;uds i'pkr~ ,d 'kk'or~ rF; mHkjdj ;g vkrk gS fddykRedrk ftlesa laxhr fon~;k laf'y"V gksrh gS] ogdfork dh lkFkZd ,oa egRoiw.kZ fof'k"Vrk cu tkrhgSA dfork dh ,slh dykRedrk gksej] nksLrka;oLdh]VkyLVkW;] 'ksDlfi;j] johanzukFk VSxksj] t;'kadj izlknvkfn ds dkO;ksa esa ns[kh tkrh gSA

uoxhr ijaijkxr lkfgR; ls fHkUu ,d ,slhvkèkqfud dfork gS] ftlesa lkekftd yksdra=k ds lqj,oa lkekftd uo fuekZ.k dh y; gSA lekt dsdetksj oxks± ds 'kks"k.k ds izfr vkØks'k ds lkFklekurk ds ifjos'k esa ekuorkoknh lksp dh lrg ijyksdèkehZ lkSan;Z vkSj lkfgfR;d lkSan;Z dks foLrkj nsusdk foèkku gSA uoxhr us viuh iSuh nf"V ls ekuokfèkdkjksadh fn'kkvksa dks iqjuwj fd;k gSA bldk dkO;xr :ilkekftd] jktuSfrd] vkfFkZd fo"kerk ds izfr lkoèkku]fopkjoku gksdj lkekftd izfrfufèkRo] lerk] caèkqrk]eS=kh] d#.kk] 'khy vkSj U;k; vkèkkfjr lajpuk ds izfrlaosnu'khy ,oa fu"Bkoku gSA

lu~ 1980 ds ckn uoxhr us lekt dks ,du;k vFkZ fn;kA ftruh jpuk,¡ fy[kh xb±] muesa ogvkneh viuh iwjh rkdr ds lkFk vkdj [kM+k gksrkizrhr gksrk gS] ftls ikjaifjd lkekftd O;oLFkk esage gkf'k, ij j[krs vk, FksA è;krO; ;g gS fd vkevkneh ledkyhu fopkjksa ,oa laxBuksa ls tqM+djl'kDr lekt x<+us dh fLFkfr esa vk x;k gSA blhizdkj lkekftd thou dh eq[; èkkjk esa nfyrksa vkSjfL=k;ksa dks ysdj ftl rjg dh èkkj.kk,¡ cukbZ xb± Fkha]mls Hkh vkt uoxhr us cgl dk eqn~nk cuk fn;k gSAHkkjrh; lekt] jktuhfr dh fn'kk cny xbZ] vkfFkZdfLFkfr esa cnyko vk;k vkSj xfr'khy Hkh gqvkA

uoxhr us vkt dh nqfu;k ds lekt dk lkfgR;jpk gS] ftlesa vihy Hkh gS vkSj la?k"kZ Hkh rFkk bulcdk lacaèk ledkyhu thou vkSj mlesa ?kfVr gksjgs lkekftd & jktuSfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ;FkkFkZ ls gSAbruk gh ugha] ledkyhu ;qx esa ftl rjg dh

oSpkfjd fufeZfr;k¡ vkdkj ys jgh gSa] mudh jpukRedrkdh ÅtkZ ;k rks lkekftd thou dk fuekZ.k djrh gaSvFkok èoal_ mUgsa Hkh vkt uoxhr fu;af=kr djrkizrhr gksrk gSA

orZeku le; esa csclh] ykpkjh] mRihM+u dktks loky gS] ml ij Hkh uoxhr psruk ds Lrj iju, fljs ls lkspus] fopkjus ,oa ,d ubZ cgl dh ekax[kM+h djrk gSA bl izfØ;k esa ,d u, ifjos'k esalekt vkSj lektcksèk ds lkFk gh ledkyhu lkekftd]jktuSfrd ,oa vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks tksM+rs gq, muoSf'od fopkjksa rFkk ifjorZuksa dh izfØ;kvksa dks Hkhle>us & tkuus dh fLFkfr&ifjfLFkfr ij nf"Vikrdjus dk nf"Vdks.k uoxhr esa gSA blds lkFk ghuoxhrksa ds xaHkhj vè;;u ls ;g irk pyrk gS fdoSKkfud vkfo"dkj ,oa rduhdh lekt us ckSn~fèkdpsruk ij cy nsus ds fy, fdl izdkj gkFk c<+k;k]vktrd pyh ijaijkvksa dks oSKkfud cqn~fèkokn us fdlizdkj [kafMr fd;k] ewY; fo?kVu ls cpus ds fy,uoxhrdkjksa us dF; dks fdruk èkkjnkj cuk;k] jktuSfrd>esys esa iM+s gq, euq"; dks dSls eqDr fd;k tkldrk gS] vkapfyd thou esa O;kIr Hkkjrh; laLÑfr]lkfgR;] Hkk"kk] cksyh dks dSls thoarrk iznku dh tkldrh gS] lkaiznkf;drk fdl izdkj feVkbZ tk ldrhgS] bZ'oj] izse vkfn ekuoh; laosnukvksa dks dSlsiquLFkkZfir fd;k tk ldrk gS] bu lcksa dks bl foèkkus vius Hkhrj lekfo"V fd;k gSA

ledkyhu uoxhr esa ifjorZu dh ftl izfrcn~èkrkdk :i ns[kus dks feyrk gS] mlesa bl foèkk dhijaijkxr lkjh ekU;rk,¡ ifjofrZr gqbZ izrhr gksrh gaSA;gk¡ rd fd xhr vkSj dfork ds laxe ls fofufeZruoxhr dfork ds Js"B ekudksa ij Hkh [kjk izrhr gksrkgSA chloha vkSj bDdhloha lnh ds varjky esa fy[ksu, uoxhrksa esa iwoZorhZ lnh esa fy[ks x, uoxhrksa lsvfèkd iz[kjrk] izxYHkrk ds lkFk mUur ,oa izxqf.krizxhrkRedrk ikbZ tkrh gSA vkt ds uoxhrksa esa ;qxhuoSpkfjdh ds lkFk lkfgR; vkSj laLÑfr&foe'kZ ,oaekuoh; fodkl ds vusd ,sls rtoht gSa tks fo'o &lkfgR; dh rqyuk esa Hkh fdlh izdkj derj izrhrugha gksrsA oLrqr% varjjk"Vªh; foe'kks± esa uoxhr dh

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16 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

vfHkO;fDr;ksa dk otu vkt fØ;kRed rkSj ij viuk[kkl eqdke vkSj oqDdr j[krk gSA ,slk ekuuk pkfg,fd orZeku le; esa uoxhrdkj lekt dk lclsegRoiw.kZ O;fDr gS D;ksafd og lkekftd laosnukvksadks viuk Li'kZ nsdj vfèkd laon~fèkZr vkSj lapfyrdjrk gSA ;g uoxhrdkj gh gS] ftlds ikl vrhr dsfoiqy vè;;u vkSj vuqHkwfr dk fojkV vkRefo'okl,oa ltZukRedrk ds izfr xgjk larks"k gSA ledkyhuuoxhr vius ltu i{k ,oa mldh O;kidrk rFkkoSf'odrk dks ysdj] vR;ar xaHkhj gSA uoxhr vktdfork dh og Js"B ,oa loZO;kid foèkk gS] tksthou ds lR; dks igpkurk gSa ;gh dkj.k gS fdvuqHkwfr ds ekè;e ls ;g vuqHko dk laizs{k.k gSA

bl i`"BHkwfe dks è;ku esa j[kdj gesa ;gLohdkj djuk pkfg, fd Hkkjrh; lkfgR; dk fo'o esa,d egRoiw.kZ LFkku gS vkSj bl rF; ls gesa voxr]lger gksuk pkfg,A ;g blfy, fd mlesa gekjhHkkjrh;rk fon~;eku] fojkteku gSA gesa igpkuuk pkfg,fd bl izdkj yxkrkj ,d i{k esa if'pe uke dh:i f'kfFky bdkbZ dks j[kdj nwljh vksj ge Hkkjrh;rkls ifjiw.kZ yksdèkehZ lkfgR; dks iaxq cuk jgs gSaA vr%blh ifjizs{; vkSj izklafxdrk esa ge uoxhr dkvè;;u vuq'khyu djsa rkfd ge vgEeU;rk vkSjghu Hkkouk ls cp ldsa vkSj Hkkjrh; nf"V ls ifjfprgks ldsaA

uoxhr Hkkjrh; laosnuk dk okgd gS vkSj ogHkh ,slh laosnuk dk ftlds ewy esa oSls ewY; gaS] tksHkkjr ds lkaLÑfrd bfrgkl vkSj vuqHko dh miyfCèk;k¡gS_ ,slh laosnuk] ftldks vfHkO;fDr feyus ij gjHkkjrh; ;g vuqHko djrk gS fd ;g mlh dhvfHkO;fDr gSA ;g blfy, fd uoxhr esa lân;rkdk xq.k mldh laosnuk esa laf'y"V gksrk gSA oLrqr%lân; gksus dk vFkZ lgt cksèk vkSj leqUur izfrHkk lslaiUu gksuk gS] rUe; gks lduk] vuqHkwfr ds ml dsanzrd igq¡pdj mls igpkuuk vkSj xzg.k dj mldklaizs"k.k djuk gSA

uoxhr esa dkO; dh HkkokuqHkwfr;k¡ ;FkkFkZ thoudh vuqHkwfr;ksa ls vfHkUu gaSA blhfy, os loZnk

lq[ke; izrhr gksrh gaSA muds dkO;kRed Øksèk] 'kksd]ihM+k] tqxqIlk vkfn ls Hkh vkuan feyrk gSA uoxhr esa;g lgt {kerk vFkok ;ksX;rk gS fd ;g dkO;kuqHkwfresa izos'k ik tkrk gS D;ksafd uoxhr esa u, lR; dkslaosn~; cukus dh cstksM+ {kerk gSA ;Fkk%

D;k djsa caèkqml iQkxquh xaèk dkiQwy >jus yxsdksfdyk ekSu gS:i èkwfey gqvkvkt lkSxaèk dk

(n~okj dh nLrdsa@ o`tukFk JhokLro)fo"k; ,oa Hkkoksa dh n`f"V ls uoxhr euksgkfjrk

,oa fofoèkrk fy, gq, gSA bldk Hkko lân;ksa dsân;ksa dks vklkuh ls vkÑ"V dj ysrk gSA izrhdksa dsxgjs fo"k; o.kZu mldh cM+h fo'ks"krk gSA blh dkj.k;g vuk;kl gh tu thou dks viuh vksj vkdf"kZrdj ysrk gSA vius pkjksa vksj ds thrs&tkxrs euq";ksa dsthou esa ;g foèkk rhozrk ls vkxs c<+h gSA uoxhrthou O;ogkj esa feyus okys euq"; ds lkFk lgkuqHkwfrn'kkZrk gSA fuEuoxhZ; ifjokj] etnwj] fdlku] xjhc]vHkkoxzLr vkSj csclksa dk ewfrZdj.k bleas fd;k x;kgSA jksVh ds lkFk&lkFk c¡Vokjk] tksM+&rksM+ ,oa laiw.kZfLFkfr dh n;uh;rk vkSj vke vkneh dk nq[k&nnZbldh vfHkO;fDr dh fo'ks"krk gSA

uoxhr us u dsoy ekuoh; thou vfirqlkekftd] jktuSfrd] vkfFkZd {ks=k esa O;kIr folaxfr;ksa,oa foÑfr;ksa dks Hkh ifj"Ñr djus dh rRijrkfn[kykbZ gS rFkk lkaizfrd cktkjoknh laLÑfr ls iFkdtu&thou ds lq[k&nq[k dks viuk fo"k;&oLrq cuk;kgSA blus viuh yksdksUeq[kh laosnuk vkSj ubZ Hkk"kk&y;esa ekuoh; thou ds ifjos'k vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa dksvius 'kCnksa esa fijksdj izR;sd èkM+du dks y;kRedcuk fn;k gSA okLrkfodrk rks ;g gS fd uohuredF; ,oa vn~;ru laizs"; varoZLrqvksa dks laiszf"krdjus esa bl foèkk us vius lkeF;Z ,oa ukohU; dkizek.k fn;k gSA

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 17

19oha lnh ds mRrjkèkZ ls gh uoxhr viuhuohu 'kSyh esa Hkkjrh; thoukuqHkwfr;ksa dh laiw.kZ len~fèkvkSj lkekftd thou ds ifjos'k rFkk ifjfLFkfr;ksa dsxgjs vuqHkoksa dks vfHkO;Dr djrk vk jgk gSA dnkfprblh lksp ds ifjizs{; esa vusd uoxhr ladyuksa dkizdk'ku bl varjky esa gqvk rFkk muesa Hkkjrh;lH;rk ,oa laLÑfr ls lacafèkr vusd vfHkO;atukvksads lkFk HkweaMyhdj.k vkSj vkSn~;ksxhdj.k ds izHkko esavkdj Hkkjrh; lekt fdl izdkj cnyk vkSj mldkizHkko Hkkjrh; thou ij fdruk iM+k] egkuxjh;lH;rk ds >isVs esa vkdj xk¡o dk vkneh fdl izdkjcscl vkSj ykpkj gqvk] mu lcksa dh vfHkO;atukizpqjrk ls izkIr gksrh gSA bu ladyuksa ds izkDdFkuksa esa,slh ehekalk,¡ Hkh gaSA tks ledkyhu lkfgR; ds ,slsLo:i x<+rs gSa] ftuesa Hkkjrh; feV~Vh] gok] ikuh dsjax] :i] xaèk] Li'kZ] jl Hkjs iM+s gaSA bu ladyuksa dsvè;;u ls ,slk izrhr gksrk gS fd uoxhr thou thusds izfr ftl jkx dks ysdj lexz lekt ds fparu ds

le{k vk;k] mlesa dforkRed vkLoknu dh efgekrks gS gh] mlls Hkh vfèkd ubZ psruk] ubZ lksp vkSju, fetkt dk vkxzg gSA

lexzr% uoxhr vius dkO;dF;] Hkk"kk] f'kYi]dkO;&oSfoè; rFkk 'kSyh ds lkFk viuh dykRedrkls Hkh vkèkqfud dkO;&ifjn'; dks izHkkfor djrk gSAbl foèkk us pkgs ftl fo"k; oLrq dk Li'kZ fd;k]mlds ewy esa dfork dh laosnuk dh izpqjrk jgh gSAyksdpsruk] yksdfpRr vkSj yksd&lkaLÑfrd laifDrls ;g dHkh fojr ugha jgkA ;g ckr vyx gS fddfork dh Js"B foèkk ds :i esa LohÑr gksus dsctk; bls fliQZ uoxhr ds :i esa ns[kk x;kA fdruhfofp=k ckr gS fd eqDr orkRed jpuk ubZ dfork gksxbZ vkSj ftlesa lkfgR; ds lHkh foèkku u, Fks] mlsuoxhr dgdj mldh voKk dh xbZA vkt varfoZjksèkksa,oa fojksèkkHkklksa ls f?kjk gksdj Hkh blus izR;qn~;e dsizHkko dks i;kZIr de fd;k gS rFkk iz'kalkijd <ax lsns[kus&ij[kus ds iz;kl dks vkdf"kZr fd;k gSA

µ vks&27] flfoy Vkmuf'ki] jkmjdsyk] vksfM'kk&769004

qqq

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18 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

loha 'krkCnha dk mRrjkn~èkZ gekjs fy, dbZ nf"V;ksa ls egRoiw.kZ gSA fofoèk foe'kks± dhgksM+ us fparu èkkjk dks ,d uwru fn'kk iznku dhAHkweaMyhdj.k viuh reke vPNkb;ksa&cqjkb;ksa ds lkFklewps ifjos'k dks viuh fxjÝr esa ysus yxkA iQyr%20oha lnh ds vafre n'kd esa lkekftd ifjorZu dhxfr lokZfèkd rhoz jghA foxr dbZ 'krkfCn;ksa us mrusfoLrr rjhds ls euq"; dks izHkkfor ugha fd;k ftrukchloha 'krkCnh usA 21oha lnh rd vkrs&vkrs cktkjokndh fxjÝr esa lkjh nqfu;k vk xbZ vkSj ge lHkhcspus&[kjhnus dks gh thou dk lkè; eku cSBsAyqHkkous foKkiuksa dk 'kksj vkSj ckt+kj ds frdM+eksa dksltk&l¡okjdj tuleqnk; ds lkeus ijkslk tk jgk gSAbu lkjh xfrfofèk;ksa ls dgha u dgha gesa ckè; fd;ktk jgk gS] fj'rksa ls vfèkd oLrqvksa dks egRo nsus dsfy,A iwathokn dh dks[k ls iSnk gqvk vekuohdj.kvc HkweaMyhdj.k dk eq[kkSVk yxkdj iwjs fo'o leqnk;esa ekuoh;rk dks u"V djrs gq, dsoy ysu&nsu dhnqfu;k cuk nsuk pkgrk gSA bl izofRr dks vkt dkdfo cM+s eksgd vankt esa izLrqr djrk gSA ^lksufpjS;k* ds :id ds ekè;e ls dfo us vkt dscktkjokn ij rh[kk O;aX; dlk gS&

lksu fpjS;k! lksu fpjS;k!mM+us esa dSlk yxrk gSeqÝr ugha cksyw¡xh] HkS;k]dgus dk iSlk yxrk gSA1

21oha lnh dk fganh miU;kl ys[ku vkSj egkuxjh; cksèkMkW- lanhi j.kfHkjdj

ch bl ifjn'; dh O;kid ØhM+kLFkyh eq[; :ils egkuxj gh jgs gSaA fuf'pr :i ls ;s lkjhxfrfofèk;k¡ lkfgR; ds ikj[kh utjksa ls vks>y ugha gksldrha vFkkZr~ fganh esa bu eqn~nksa ij fy[ks x, lkfgR;dh Hkjekj gSA bu igyqvksa ij ckrphr djus gsrqmiU;kl lcls dkjxj foèkk gSA cktkjokn dh tathjksaesa dSn ;g 21oha lnh dk lekt fdu&fdu lkekftdvkSj ekuoh; ewY;ksa ls dVrk tk jgk gS vkSj if'pedh Hkksxoknh laLÑfr dk fcuk lksps&le>s vaèkkuqdj.kdj jgk gS bldh Hkh O;kid iM+rky bl lnh dsmiU;klksa esa gksrh gSA ubZ lnh esa fganh miU;kl ys[kuus xq.kkRed vkSj ek=kkRed nf"V ls vHkwriwoZ on~fèkdh gSA ys[kdksa n~okjk miU;kl ys[ku VsªaM esa lajpukRedcnyko dks è;ku esa j[kdj vkSiU;kfld dF; dkoxhZdj.k fd;k x;kA ubZ lnh ds miU;kl ys[ku dslanHkZ esa iq"iiky flag fy[krs gSa& ¶ubZ 'krh ;k dgsaubZ lglzkCnh ds vkxeu ij ge vius lkfgR; ds u,izdYi vo'; fuf'pr dj ldrs gSa fdarq jpukdkjrks viuh&viuh rjg ls gh vius le; ls lk{kkRdkjdj ltu esa izoRr gksxkA blfy, lglzkCnh ds izkjaHkds lkFk gh lkfgR; jpuk esa dksbZ u;k izLFkku&fcanqjs[kkafdr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;g lkspuk Hkh vfoosdiw.kZgksxkA ifjos'k esa tc lkekftd] èkkfeZd] oSKkfud]izkSn~;ksfxd] rduhdh vkfn fLFkfr;k¡ cnysaxh rHkhlkfgR; esa mudh izfrPNfo :ikf;r gksxh] fLFkfr;ksa dsldkj vkSj udkj dh fLFkfr;k¡ Lor% curh pyh tkrhgaSA¸2

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 19

orZeku nkSj esa izkphu lkekftd <k¡pk VwV pqdkgS] iqjkus vkn'kZ vkt ds lanHkZ esa viuh vFkZoRrk [kkspqds gSaA vc lekt u nsgkrh jgk gS u 'kgjh] vcmldk laxBu gh u"V gks x;k gSA vktdy egkuxjgh thou ds dsanz cus gSaA egkuxjksa esa iuius okyhthou&fofèk dk iwjs lekt ij izHkko iM+rk gS] iM+jgk gSA thou ds dsanz esa vFkZ dh izfr"Bk gks pyh]ifj.kker% Lin~èkkZ dh Hkkouk dk fodkl gqvkA Lin~èkkZvkSj vFkZ ds vkpkj'kkL=k us euq"; dks ladh.kZ vkSjNksVk cuk fn;k gSA 21oha lnh ds miU;klksa esa 'kgjhifjokjksa ds cM+s gh vuqHkwfr izo.k fp=k gSa vkSj vkèkqfudthou dh mnklh] vdsykiu] vtuchiu] Åc] ?kqVu]la=kkl vkfn dk vadu vR;ar xgjs ;FkkFkZ cksèk lsfd;k x;k gSA egkuxjksa esa HkwaeMyhdj.k ds ifj.kkeLo:ilaosnuk] lacaèk vkSj lkewfgdrk dh nqfu;k esa tks fueZeèoal gqvk gS& rCnhfy;ksa dk tks rwiQku fufeZr gqvkgS& mldk Hkh izkef.kd ,oa xgu vadu bu miU;klksaesa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA lkFk gh miHkksDrkokn dhØwjrkvksa dk fo[kaMu] 'kksf"kr&izrkfM+r tkfr;ksa dsldkjkRed mHkkj ,oa ubZ L=kh dh 'kfDr ,oa O;Fkk dkn{k fp=kkadu Hkh bu miU;klksa esa gSA

O;fDr egkuxjksa esa vius liuksa dh xBjh ysdjtkrk gS fdarq mlds lius ek=k lius gh jg tkrs gSaAjktho flag ds 'kCnksa esa dgk tk ldrk gS&

[kqf'k;ksa dh [kkst esa yksx fudyrs gSa 'kgj esaogk¡ ls ekre ysdj vkuk vc vke ckr gSvius vèkwjs lius] vèkwjh [kqf'k;ksa ds lkFk O;fDr

Lo;a dks furkar vdsyk eglwl djrk gSA vkilhizfrLin~èkkZ] HkkSfrdokn vkSj fujFkZdrk cksèk ls la=kLregkuxjh; ifjos'k esa vdsykiu O;fDr dh fu;fr cutkrk gSA fdruh cM+h foMacuk gS fd vkt dk euq";,d vksj nwljs xzgksa ij viuk vfèkdkj tekuk pkgrkgS] lewps fo'o ls tqM+uk pkgrk gS fdarq oS;fDrdèkjkry ij og lc ls VwVdj furkar vdsyk gksrkpyk tk jgk gSA HkhM+&HkkM+ ls ;qDr egkuxjksa esaO;fDr ds vdsysiu dks vkSj vfèkd xgjkbZ ls eglwlfd;k tk ldrk gSA ^jsgu ij jX?kw* ds j?kqukFklkèku&laiUu] Hkjk&iwjk ifjokj gksus ds ckotwn cPpksals mudh nwfj;k¡ cuh gqbZ gSaA cw<+s j?kqukFk us viuh lkjh

ftanxh] lkjh dekbZ viuksa ij [kpZ ij dj nh fiQjHkh mudks viukas esa vius ugha feysA ,d vdsykiu]ijk;kiu muds Hkhrj yxkrkj cuk jgrk gSA mudk ;gvdsykiu xk¡o ls] 'kgj ls] ifjokj ls varr% cPpksa lsgSA dHkh&dHkh fryfeyk dj dg mBrs gSa& ¶'khykgekjs rhu cPps gSa ysfdu irk ugha D;ksa dHkh&dHkhesjs Hkhrj ,slh gwd mBrh gS tSls yxrk gS& esjh vkSjrck¡> gS vkSj eSa fu%larku firk gw¡A¸3 ;s ckr j?kqukFkvius mu cPpksa ds fy, dg jgs gSa tks muds thouds xqeku Fks vkSj mUgksaus cPpksa ds Hkfo"; dks l¡okjusesa viuh lkjh f”kanxh x¡ok nh FkhA cPpksa us viuhfuth LokFkZ dh [kkfrj mudks vdsysiu dh ihM+kHkqxrus dks etcwj dj fn;k gSA

m"kk fiz;aonk dk miU;kl ^Hk;k dchj mnkl*dh fyyh vius ikfjokfjd laLdkjksa ds dkj.k LokHkkfod:i esa fdlh ls fj'rk ugha cuk ikrhA iQyr% ogvdsys gh thou ;kiu djrh gSA fdarq fons'kh Hkwfeij jgus okyh bl vkèkqfud L=kh ds thou esa ,dHk;kog =kklnh ?kfVr gksrh gSA mls dSalj gks tkrk gSAbl Hk;adj chekjh ds lkFk mldk ;qn~èk izkjaHk gkstkrk gS ftlesa og furkar vdsyh gS] fdarq èkhjs&èkhjsog lc dqN Lohdkj dj ysrh gS &¶eSa vdsyh gw¡]vkSj jaxLFkyh esa esjk okl gSA eSa lpeqp lc Lohdkjdj ysrh gw¡] djuk gh iM+rk gSA¸4 bl Hk;adj ihM+kesa mlds feyus okys rks cgqr gSa ij fyyh dh vk¡[kksads vk¡lqvksa dks viuh vk¡[k esa ns[kus okys dgha utjugha vkrs& ¶mls eglwl gksrk gS fd og ftl LFkkuij [kM+h gS] og ckdh lalkj ls dVdj vyx gks x;kgS] chp esa ,d nqxZe [kkbZ c<+rh tk jgh gSA lalkj dsukeZy yksx ^vU;* gks pys gSa] pSu ls lksrs gSa] mUgsady dk Mj ughaA igys dHkh bruk vdsykiu ughayxkA¸5

ubZ psruk ds laLi'kZ vkSj u, fopkjksa dh lqxcqxkgVls tc vkLFkk,¡ <gus yxrh gSa rc mu lkjh ekU;rkvksaij iz'ufpg~u yxk fn;k tkrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:ivtuchiu dh leL;k èkhjs&èkhjs mlds ekul esaxgjkus yxrh gSA bl izdkj e'khuh lH;rk us vkteuq"; vkSj txr ds chp vyxko dh fLFkfr mRiUudj nhA blls mcjus ds fy, euq"; NViVk jgk gSA

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20 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

egkuxjh; ifjos'k esa lcds lkFk gksus ds ckotwnO;fDr Lo;a dks lcls dVk gqvk eglwl dj jgk gSAlHkh fj'rs&ukrksa ds izfr eu esa ,d vtuch;r ?kjdj xbZ gSA o"kks± ls ftu lcaèkksa dk og fuokZg dj jgkFkk mu lacaèkksa ds izfr xgjh mnklhurk mlds eu esaO;kIr gks xbZ gSA ^jsgu ij jX?kw*] ^nkSM+*] ^mèkj dsyksx* vkfn miU;klksa eas ftu ifjokjksa dk fp=k.kmiU;kldkjksa us fd;k gS mlesa vtuchiu dh Hkkoukeq[kj fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA ^nkSM+* esa jkds'k vkSj js[kk rFkk^jsgu ij jX?kw* esa j?kqukFk vtuchiu dh ihM+k lstw>rs gq, fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA

egkuxjksa esa ?kqVu] la=kkl] fujk'kk] 'kwU;rk vkfndk cksèk xgjkrk tk jgk gSA ?kqVu ds dkj.k fujk'kk lsf?kjk gqvk O;fDr Lo;a dks ,d 'kwU; dh fLFkfr esa ikjgk gSA ifj.kker% mls la=kkl dk f'kdkj gksuk iM+ jgkgSA lnh ds vafre n'kd esa Hkkjr esa gq, vkfFkZdiQsjcny ls Hkkjh la[;k esa eYVhus'kuy daifu;k¡fuos'k dks mUeq[k gqb±A fu%lansg Hkkjh fuos'k ls jkstxkjesa c<+ksRrjh gqbZ gS ysfdu dsoy izf'kf{krksa ds fy,] oksHkh bl 'krZ ds lkFk fd ;a=kor cudj dk;Z djukgksxkA vdq'ky ukxfjdksa ds njokts vkt Hkh can gaSFkksM+k&cgqr [kqys Hkh gSa rks jkLrs cgqr ladjs gSaA ;gcM+h&cM+h cgqjk"Vªh; daifu;k¡ deZpkfj;ksa ij brukeuksoSKkfud ncko cuk, jgrh gSa fd mudk thou?kqV&?kqV dj gh chrrk gSA ftldh vafre ifj.kfr ;sgS fd cgqr lkjs deZpkjh fofoèk izdkj ds euksoSKkfudjksx ds f'kdkj gksrs tkrs gSaA ^,d czsd ds ckn*miU;kl ,slh gh fo'kky daifu;ksa ,oa cktkj dh uCtdks VVksyrk gqvk yksdfiz; miU;kl gSA ysf[kdk usdeZpkfj;ksa ds euksHkkoksa dks cgqr gh rkfdZd vkSjlathnxh ls i<+k gS& ¶cM+h daifu;ksa esa dke djusokys brus ruko esa jgrs gSa tSls fd izs'kj&dqdj esa cangksaA vkWfiQl dh ikWfyfVDl] rks dHkh vkWfiQl esa ckWlls [kViV] dHkh izeks'ku dh fpark & gj vkneh tSlsiQVus dh dxkj ij jgrk gSA cgqr lh daifu;ksa usvius nÝrj esa ^dkmalfyax* djus dks euksfpfdRldcSBk fy, gSaA¸6

ifjokj lekt dh ,d ,slh laLFkk gS ftlsekuo us vkRelaj{k.k] oa'koèkZu vkSj tkrh; thou ds

fodkl gsrq LFkkfir fd;k gSA blhfy, Hkkjrh; thouiz.kkyh esa ifjokj dks vR;fèkd egRoiw.kZ LFkku fn;kx;k gSA ijarq dkyizokg esa orZeku HkkSfrd ;qx esalekt esa fofHkUu dkj.kksa ls cM+h rhoz xfr ls ifjorZuvk jgs gSaA orZeku ifjos'k esa egkuxjksa esa lkewfgdlaLFkkvksa dk ikajifjd egRo] tys gq, ekse dh rjgfi?kydj lekIr gks jgk gSA ^mèkj ds yksx* esa vt;ukofj;k us crk;k gS fd fnYyh tSls egkuxj dhthou 'kSyh fdruh ,adkaxh gks xbZ gS] ifjokj dkeryc gS ifr&iRuh vkSj cPpsA ekrk&firk] HkkbZ&cgu]pkpk&pkph tSls fj'rs rks cl uke ds jg tkrs gSaA osmiU;kl esa fy[krs gSa fd &¶oanuk dh ek¡ ls fpd&fpdyxh jgrh FkhA ek¡ mlls ?kj ds dke esa enn dhmEehn djrh FkhA oanuk enn djrh Hkh Fkh] ij mlsdke dh vknr gh ugha FkhA ek¡ mls dksbZ dke nsrh]rks og ik¡p feuV ds dke esa ?kaVk Hkj yxk nsrhA ek¡ml ij >Yykrh vkSj eq>s rkus ekjrhA oanuk ds firkpkVsZM ,dkmaVsaV Fks vkSj dkiQh iSls okys FksA oanuk] ek¡ds :[ks O;ogkj ls rax vkdj eq>s [kjh&[kksVh lqukusyxh FkhA ek¡ vkSj iRuh ds >xM+s ds chp eSa fil x;kFkkA¸7

egkuxjksa esa O;fDrokn vkSj LokFkZijrk ds pyrsnjdrs fj'rksa dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA vkt fj'rs flyhgqbZ ftYncan fdrkc ls u gksdj vkWyfiu ls tqM+s [kqysiUuksa ls gks x, gSa] tks gok ds NksVs gyds >ksadksa lsiQM+iQM+kus yxrs gSa ;k vkWyfiu ls vyx gksdj fc[kjtkrs gSaA dbZ fj'rksa us rks le>kSrs dh 'kDy ys yh gSAifr&iRuh dk lacaèk Hkh vkt egt vkSipkfjd :i esafoo'krko'k <ks;k tk jgk gSA ^mèkj ds yksx* miU;klds izksiQslj lkgc ,sls gh Hkkoqd izse esa iQ¡ls gaSApkgdj Hkh bl fj'rs dks dksbZ uke ugha ns ik jgs gSaAiRuh ls vucu Fkh] mUgsa ;g lacaèk lgkjk rks ns jgsFkk ij lqdwu ugha vk jgk FkkA fiQj Hkh nksuksa ,d nwljsds lgt izse dh Mksj ls caèks FksA oks efgyk ,ddkWyxyZ Fkh ysfdu izksiQslj dh utjksa esa dksbZ nqjkxzgugha FkkA os dgrs gSa fd & ¶vk;'kk vkSj esjs fj'rksa esa]bu lc ckrksa ds rwy idM+us dh txg gh ugha gSA*eSaus bruh lgtrk ls] bls dgus dh dksf'k'k dh Fkh]

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 21

rkfd og rkus dh 'kDy esa tkus dh ctk; ,drF;kRed dFku dh rjg is'k gksA ge nksuksa viuh gnsatkurs gSaA ge nksLrh dk eryc ^vuvkWFkjkbTM,uØkspesaV* ugha ekurs] ,d nwljs ds ^ilZuy Lisl*dk [;ky j[krs gSaA¸8 vkt ds fMft+Vy lekt esaekuoh; lacaèkksa ds ifjos'k esa tks vkHkklhiu vk;k gSog yxkrkj foÑr vkSj ttZj lekt dk gh fuekZ.kdjsxk u fd ljy ,oa LoLFk lekt dkA

egkuxjksa dh pdkpkSaèk esa ckt+kj us lHkh dksizHkkfor fd;k gSA ;g cktkj eaMh ls vc lhèks ?kjksa esavkSj yksxksa ds thou esa izos'k dj pqdk gSA tkosnv[rj ^rjd'k* esa cktkj ds blh gLr{ksi ds lacaèk esafy[krs gSa&

,d ;s ?kj ftl ?kj esa esjk lkt+&vks&lkek¡ jgrk gS,d oks ?kj ftl ?kj esa esjh cw<+h ukuh jgrh Fkh9

fj'rksa esa cktkjhdj.k ds izos'k dks eerk dkfy;kus ^nkSM+* miU;kl esa izHkkoh :i esa fpf=kr fd;k gSAtc js[kk vius csVs iou ls feyus jktdksV tkrh gSrks iou vkSj LVSyk ek¡ dks [kq'k djus ds fy, ,deg¡xh pn~nj mls migkj esa nsrs gSaA tc ek¡ mls ysusls euk dj nsrh gS rks cktkjokn dk psgjk lkeus vkrkgSA iou dgrk gS& ¶vkidks irk gS gekjs rhu gtkj#i, bl fxÝV ij [kpZ gq, gSaA bruh dherh pht dhdksbZ dnz ugha gS vkidksA¸10 ijarq blesa iou dk dksbZnks"k ugha gSA jkds'k vkSj js[kk nksuksa ij gh cktkj dk,slk izHkko iM+rk gS fd os vius cPpksa dks iw.kZ :ils cktkjokn dk vax cuk nsrs gSaA jkds'k&js[kk oiou&LVSyk dh lksp esa blh otg ls xgjk varjfn[kkbZ nsrk gSA blh cktkjokn ds pyrs miHkksDrkoknhlaLÑfr yksxksa ij gkoh gks pqdh gSA vkt dk ;qok'kgjksa esa tkdj vfèkd ls vfèkd èku dekuk pkgrkgSA ,sls esa mlds fy, uSfrdrk ds dksbZ ek;us ugha gSaAiou vius firk ls dgrk gS& ¶lp rks ;g gS ikiktgk¡ gj eghus osru feys ogh txg viuh gksrh gSvkSj dksbZ ughaA¸11

egkuxjksa esa vFkZdsafnzr lekt O;oLFkk dh Øwjekufldrk dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA HkkSfrd lq[k&lqfoèkkvksa

ds izfr c<+rs vkd"kZ.k ls vFkZ izkfIr gh euq"; dkpje y{; curk tk jgk gSA lekt esa izfr"Bk vkSjlEeku dh dlkSVh ekuoewY; u gksdj dsoy HkkSfrdlen~fèk gksrh tk jgh gSA gekjs lHkh lkekftd lacaèkksa,oa fj'rksa ij vFkZra=k gkoh gks x;k gSA ,slk izrhr gksrkgS tSls lHkh lacaèkksa ij vFkZ dk fo"kèkj dqaMyh ekjscSBk gSA ^nkSM+* miU;kl esa iou dqN fnu ?kj jgusvkrk gS rks tkrs gq, ek¡ ds gkFk esa psd Fkekrk gS]D;ksafd mlds vkus ls ?kj&[kpZ esa on~fèk gqbZ FkhA ogek¡ dh eerk dk Hkh psd ds ekè;e ls fglkc pqdkrkgSA lksuh th dh eR;q ij mudk vejhdk jgus okykcsVk Hkkjr ugha ykSVrk vkSj fdjk, ds csVs ls vaR;fofèkfuiVkus dks dgrk gSA vkt vFkZ us gj lacaèk] gjHkkouk dks yxHkx fuxy fy;k gSA rqjar ,d >Vds esavehj cuus dk [okc lHkh ds eu esa gSA egkuxjksa dsvfèkdka'k ;qokvksa ds eu dks iznhi lkSjHk ckjhdh lsi<+us dh dksf'k'k djrs gSa& ¶dkWy lsaVjksa esa vkus okykgj u;k ;qok dkWy lsaVj dh ped ls cp ugha ikrkgSA ,d rks mez dPph gksrh gS vkSj vuqHko esa vukM+hgksrs gSaA bl mez esa tsc Hkjh gks rks dqN Hkh djus esafiQj fgpd dSlh gSA dkWy lsaVjksa esa dke djus dsfy, cgqr cM+k Kkuh gksus dh t:jr ugha gSA ckjgohaikl dj ijlqbax xzstq,'ku dk ck;ksMkVk nsdj ukSdjhfey tkrh gSA ;ksX;rk fliQZ vaxzsth tkuuk gSA¸12 tcbu ;qokvksa dh bl rjg de mez esa gh tsc Hkjh gksxhrks cktkj viuk [ksy [ksysxk ghA

egkuxjh; thou dh HkkxknkSM+h us lekt dkscgqr gn rd laosnu'kwU; cuk fn;k gSA ubZ lnh esaetcwr gksrs LokFkZoknh ifjorZuksa ds dkj.k èkhjs&èkhjsge lHkh ekufld fodykaxrk ds f'kdkj gks jgs gSaAvekuoh; ,oa laosnughu gksrs lekt dks dk'khukFkflag us ;FkkFkZ :i esa vfHkO;Dr fd;k gS& ¶eku yks]fdlh ds ?kj esa dksbZ pksj ?kql vk,] fdlh ds D;k esjsgh ?kj esa pksj ?kql vk, vkSj og Hkh vdsys] fcukfdlh lkFkh ds] vkSt+kj ds_ Mkdw ?kql vk,& fcukjkbiQy canwd ds vdsys] jkr fcjkr rks NksM+ks] [kM+hnksigj esa] dksbZ cykRdkjh gh ?kql vk, fnu ngkM+svkSj eq>s mBkdj ys tk, ikdZ esa vkSj eSa fpYykÅ¡ fd

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22 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

cpkvksa! cpkvksa! rks dkSu lqusxk\ (T;knkrj cw<+s ;k rkscgjs gSa ;k Å¡pk lqurs gSa) dkSu nkSM+sxk (”;knkrj ?kqVuksavkSj tksM+ksa ds nnZ ls ijs'kku gSa) dkSu ns[ksxk (”;knkrjeksfr;kfcan dk vkijs'ku djkds vk¡[k ij gjh iV~Vhck¡èks gSa)] ;g lc u dj lds rks [kM+k gksdj fpYyk,¡rks lgh (”;knkrkj dh dej >qdh gS vkSj eq¡g esa nk¡rugha gSa] os xqxqvk rks ldrs gSa] fpYyk ugha ldrs)A¸13

izrhdkRed :i esa miU;kldkj us iaxqrk dk f'kdkjgksrs lekt dk thoar fp=k.k fd;k gSA egkuxjh;ifjos'k esa fdlh dks iQqlZr ugha fd oks vius vkliM+ksl>k¡dsA vr% ukd dh lhèk pyuk vkSj dbZ ekeyksa dksutjvankt djuk egkuxjksa esa clus okyksa dh foo'krkcu pqdh gS] D;ksafd os fdlh ekeys esa iQ¡lus dhtksf[ke ugha ysuk pkgrsA

ubZ lnh esa egkuxjksa esa vilaLÑfrdj.k dks Hkhrhozrk ls vuqHko fd;k tk ldrk gSA vkt ijaijk]laLÑfr] vkn'kZ] ewY; tSls 'kCn viuh vFkZoRrk [kkspqds gSaA ;fn dksbZ budh nqgkbZ nsxk rks mls fiNM+kekuk tk,xkA 'kgjksa esa vkt ubZ laLÑfr mn;eku gSA^eqUuh eksckby* miU;kl esa fn[kk;k x;k gS fd dSlsfnYyh tSls egkuxjksa ij ,dk,d cktkjoknh laLÑfrgkoh gksrh xbZA dSls lqqanjrk ds iSekus gekjh viuhijaijk ls gVdj r; gksus yxs vkSj fdl&fdl rjgdh ikfVZ;ksa esa ubZ ih<+h thus yxh gSA bldh ;gk¡ [kwcppkZ dh xbZ gSA HkweaMyh; laLÑfr dSls bu egkuxjksaij viuk jax p<+k jgh gSA bldk ;FkkFkZ fp=k [khaprsgq, ys[kd iznhi lkSjHk vius miU;kl esa fy[krs gSa&¶yM+dh [kkl baizsflo ugha gSA ysfdu gS fcanklA ik¡piQqVh ml yM+dh ds cky cjxaMh vkSj yVsa xksYM gSaAnqcyh gksus ds fy, dku esa vkbZikWM uSuksa yxkdj Nrij fczLd okd djrh gSA vkbZikWM ls dku [kkyh gksrsgSa rks eksckby mldh txg ys ysrk gSA tad iQwM ijiyh gSA nky&Hkkr ls vxj okLrk iM+k gksxk rks cpiuesa ghA fiTtk ekjxsfjVk mldh igyh ilan gSA Mksfeuksls ysdj fiTtk gV rd lHkh osaMj mlds ?kj ijvkerkSj ij [kM+s jgrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh mlds VSjsl ijikfVZ;k¡ Hkh gksrh gSaA gYdk E;wftd Hkh gksrk gSA flxjsVds NYyksa ls VSjsl Hkj tkrk gSA ikVhZ tSls&tSls ijokup<+rh gS fc;j oQs dsu uhps fxjuk 'kq: gks tkrs gSaA¸14

laLÑfr ds lkFk&lkFk vkt uSfrdrk ds HkhekunaM cny x, gSaA bl ubZ uSfrdrk esa 'yhy&v'yhyds dksbZ ek;us ugha gSaA iQS'ku ds lEeq[k lc dqNèkjk'kk;h gqvk gSA egkuxjksa esa Lora=krk vc LoPNanrk&dk :i ys pqdh gSA ^jsgu ij jX?kw* dh ljyk Hkhfookg iwoZ lacaèk dks tk;t Bgjkrh gS pkgs oks ek=kvkuan vkSj vuqHko ds fy, gh D;ksa u fd;k x;k gks&¶'kknh ds igys ;gh pkgrh Fkh ljykA 'kknh ds cknrks ;g fo'okl?kkr gksxk] O;fHkpkj gksxk] vuSfrdgksxkA tks djuk gS] igys dj yksA vuqHko dj yks ,dckjA enZ dk Lokn! ,d ,Mosapj! tLV iQkWj iQuA¸15

iq#"k Hkh ekSdk Hkqukus esa yxk jgrk gS og L=kh dksvk'oklu nsrk gS fd vuSfrd lacaèk cukus esa vuSfrddqN ugha gSA ifj.kkeksa dh Hkh dksbZ fpark ugha gSD;ksafd lc dqN vkt vklku gks x;k gSA vr% fdlhckr dk dksbZ Hk; ugha jgk gS& ¶rq>s Mj fdl ckrdk gS\ T;knk ls T;knk izSxusaV gh rks gks ldrh gSA,slk dqN gqvk rks vck'kZu djok ysaxsA bruk Hkh D;kgks x;k\ rw rks ,sls dj jgh gS tSls lkjh mez rq>softZu gh cus jguk FkkA ;k fiQj fdlh vkSj ls-----A¸16

vr% thou ewY;ksa dk iru pje ij gSAegkuxjksa esa L=kh&f'k{kk] Lora=krk] vkRefuHkZrk]

vfèkdkjksa] ds izfr ltxrk] lekurk vkfn ds :i esaL=kh&l'kDrhdj.k dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA egkuxjksa esaL=kh ?kj ,oa ?kj ds ckgj nksuksa txg ekspkZ laHkkyrh gSAmlus ?kj ds ckgj Hkh viuh egRrk izekf.kr dh gSAltx egkuxjh; L=kh us tgk¡ ?kj ls ckgj vkdjvyx edke cuk fy;k fdarq bl ckgjh nqfu;k ds[krjs vkSj pqukSfr;k¡ Hkh de ugha gSaA dkedkth ukjhdh leL;k,¡ Hkh viuh txg gSaA lkFk gh tks fL=k;k¡xk¡o ls 'kgj dk #[k djrh gSa rks budh pky&<ky]jgu&lgu esa rhoz ifjorZu vk tkrk gSA os iw.kZr%'kgjh jax esa jax tkrh gSaA iznhi lkSjHk fy[krs gSa fd¶,slh gh jkèkk dh dgkuh gSA fcgkj ds NksVs 'kgj lsvkbZ FkhA Vªsfuax ds le; lyokj&dqrkZ igurh FkhAutjsa >qdh jgrh FkhaA yM+dksa ls ckr djus esa 'keZvkrh FkhA iwjh dLckbZ ekufldrk FkhA Ng eghuschrrs&chrrs jkèkk ij dkWy lsaVj dk ekgkSy fljp<+dj cksyus yxkA NksVs diM+s 'kjhj ij Vd x,A

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 23

µ lgk;d izkè;kid] fganh foHkkx] jktLFkku dsanzh; fo'ofon~;ky;]

ckanjflanjh] fd'kux<+&305801] ftyk&vtesj (jktLFkku)

qqq

lyokj lwV dgha nwj NwV x;kA gkFkksa esa flxjsV vkxbZA fMLdksa esa vkuk&tkuk 'kq: gks x;kA ckW;ÚsaM Hkhcu x,A ,d lkFk mlus nks&nks ckW;ÚsaM cuk, gq,FksA¸17

lexzr% egkuxjh; thou&'kSyh] O;fDrokn dkizkèkkU;] LokFkZoknh izofRr] egkuxjh; leL;k,¡] muleL;kvksa ls tw>rs yksxksa dh ekufldrk] iy&iyifjofrZr nkSM+rh ftanxh] vdsykiu] vtuchiu] ?kqVu]la=kkl] vFkZ dh egRrk] cktkjokn] miHkksDrkokn]vilaLÑfrdj.k] thouewY;ks a] vkn'kk s± dk iru]ikfjokfjd fo?kVu] ifjorfrZr fj'rs&ukrs vkfn dks21oha lnh ds miU;kldkjksa us vius miU;klks a esavR;ar izHkkoh :i esa mdsjus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA vktO;fDr dh ifjfèk &^loZ* ls lhfer gksdj ^Lo* rddsafnzr gks xbZ gSA loZ=k oS;fDrdrk O;kIr gks xbZ gSvkSj O;fDr vfLerk dh [kkst esa HkVd jgk gSAegkuxjksa esa vkèkqfud euq"; dh laiw.kZ nf"V vkSjfopkj izfØ;k esa varj vk;k gSA iQyLo:i mldhuhfr fo"k;d èkkj.kkvksa esa Hkh ifjorZu vk;k gSA bulHkh ifjofrZr fLFkfr;ksa dk lw{e fu:i.k 21oha lnhds miU;klksa esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA varr% c'khj cnzds 'kCnksa esa dgk tk ldrk gS&

gS vthc 'kgj dh f”kanxh u li+Qj jgk u o+Q;ke gSA

dgha dkjksckj lh nksigj dgha cn&fe”kkt lh 'kke gSA

lanHkZ lwph1- la- johanzukFk feJ] bDdhloha lnh dk fganh

lkfgR; le;] lekt vkSj laosnuk] yksdHkkjrh izdk'ku]bykgkckn] 2011- i`- la- 74

2- iq"iiky flag] 21oha 'krh dk fganh miU;kl]jkèkkÑ".k izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] 2016 i`- la- 43

3-dk'khukFk flag] jsgu ij jX?kw] jktdey izdk'ku]ubZ fnYyh] 2010] i- la- 89

4- m"kk fiz;aonk] Hk;k dchj mnkl] jktdeyizdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] 2007] i`- la- 65

5- ogh] i- 696-vydk ljkoxh] ,d czsd ds ckn] jktdey

izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] 2008] i`- la- 1177-vt; ukofj;k] mèkj ds yksx] jktdey

izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] 2008] i`- la- 318- ogh i- la- 829- tkosn v[rj] rjd'k] jktdey izdk'ku] ubZ

fnYyh] i`- 3510- eerk dkfy;k] nkSM+] ok.kh izdk'ku] ubZ

fnYyh] 2014 i`- 6111- ogh] i- la- 4512- iznhi lkSjHk] eqUuh eksckby] ok.kh izdk'ku]

ubZ fnYyh] 2009] i`- la- 112&11313- dk'khukFk flag] jsgu ij jX?kw] jktdey

izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] 2010] i`- la- 10814- iznhi lkSjHk] eqUuh eksckby] ok.kh izdk'ku]

ubZ fnYyh] 2009] i`- la- 11015- dk'khukFk flag] jsgu ij jX?kw] jktdey

izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh] 2010] i`- la- 3116- lq"ke csnh] eksjps ok.kh izdk'ku] ubZ fnYyh]

2006] i`- la- 1817- iznhi lkSjHk] eqUuh eksckby] ok.kh izdk'ku]

ubZ fnYyh] 2009] i`- la- 112

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24 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

gkRek xkaèkh us dgk Fkk ^yksdxhr laLÑfr ds igjsnkj gksrs gSa*] nwljs 'kCnksa esa bUgsa jk"Vª dhlaLÑfr dks tkuus dk lqjhyk ekxZ dgk tk ldrk gSAtuekul dh vkRek esa jps vkSj cls gq, yksdxhrlq[k&nq[k ds Hkkokos'k esa igkM+h >jus dh rjg iQwViM+rs gSaA ;g izLiQqVu uSlfxZd gksrs gq, Hkh viusle; vkSj laLÑfr dk n~;ksrd gksrk gSA

mUuhloha lnh esa fczfV'k 'kkld vius mifuos'kksa&f=kfunkn vkSj VkScsxks] xq;kuk] lwfjuke] tesdk rFkkvU; dSjhfc;kbZ ns'kksa&iQhth] ekWjh'kl vkfn esa xUus ds[ksrksa dh ns[kHkky ds fy, Hkkjrh; Jfedksa dks yk,A,xzheSaV ds rgr fcgkj] mRrj izns'k] caxky vkfnizns'kksa ls lkr leqanj ikj igq¡ps ^fxjfefV;k* Jfedksadh fnup;kZ dfBu FkhA vius xk¡o lekt ls fcNMs+gq,] [ksrksa esa fnuHkj dfBu ifjJe ls iLr buizoklh&Jfedksa ds eq[k ls lk¡> f?kjrs gh ^dtjh*^fcjgk* ^pSrh*] ^>wyk* ^ckgjeklk* ds cksy cjclxhr cudj fudy iM+rs Fks& cqokbZ] jksikbZ] tUe]fookg laLdkj lacaèkh xhrksa dh lkSaèkh xaèk us budqfy;ksa ds eukscy dks cuk, j[kus esa cgqr cM+hHkwfedk fuHkkbZA

,d fuf'pr le; rd bu Vkiqvksa esa jgrs&jgrsbu tgkth Jfedksa dk eu èkhjs&èkhjs yxus yxk]mUgksaus ;gk¡ dh LFkkuh; Hkk"kk fØ;kSy lh[k yhA mudhvkus okyh ihf<+;k¡ f'kf{kr gksus yxh ysfdu ?kjifjokj esa Hkkstiqjh 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gksrk jgkA fØ;kSy

Hkkjrh; yksdxhrksa dk u;k vorkj% pVuh laxhrMkW- panzdkark fdujk

e esa Hkkstiqjh ds 'kCnksa vkSj eqgkojksa ds NkSad ls Hkk"kk dk,d u;k :i lkeus vk;k rFkk y; vkSj rky dhnf"V gkjeksfu;e] <ksyd] èkurky] rklk vkfn ijaijkxrokn~;ksa ds lkFk bySfDVªd fxVkj] flaFkslkb”kj vkSjLVhy ds Mªeksa ds iz;ksx us laxhr dh ,d vuwBh 'kSyh^pVuh laxhr* dks tUe fn;kA dPps vke ds lkFkued elkyksa ds feJ.k ls cus Hkkjrh; O;atu ^pVuh*dh rjg fefJr vkSj rh[kh pViVh laxhr 'kSyh dkukedj.k ^pVuh laxhr* ds :i esa gqvkA

chloha lnh ds vkjaHk ls pVuh xhrksa ds cksyxUus ds [ksrksa] eafnjksa] fookg mRloksa esa lqukbZ nsrs FksA

bu xhrksa dh izÑfr èkkfeZd gksus dk dkj.k ;gFkk fd vfèkdka'k pVuh xk;d] viuh xk;dh dkvkjaHk eafnjksa ls djrs Fks] tgk¡ Hktu] dhrZu Hkkstiqjhesa gksrk Fkk tSls Bqejh 'kSyh esa guhiQ eqgEen n~okjkizLrqr ;g xhr&

vk ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿ vk ¿¿¿¿ ¿iou ru; ladV ¿¿¿¿ gju ¿¿¿eaxy ewjr :i,s ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿jke y[ku lhrk ¿¿¿ lfgrân; clkS lqj Hkw¿¿¿i× × × ×,s uandqekj ¿¿ ,s uan dqekjgekjs eu cfl x, uandqekj ¿¿Bk<+s dnEe rj eqjfy ctkofrxkor jkx eYgkj

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 25

ewyr% èkkfeZd gksrs gq, Hkh y; vkSj rky esa caèks;s xhr Jksrkvksa dks ukpus ds fy, foo'k djrs FksA

1968 ls igys pVuh laxhr dk dksbZ fjdkMZmiyCèk ugha FkkA blh o"kZ lkmFk vejhdk ds ,dNksVs ls ns'k lwfjuke ls vk, jkenso pSrks dk xhrfjdkMZ gqvkA ^fdax vkWiQ lwfjuke uked* muds ,yceus u dsoy lwfjuke vfirq lHkh dSjhfc;kbZ ns'kksa esaèkwe epk nhA bl laxzg ds èkkfeZd xhrksa dh rjgmudh ,d vU; jpuk ^jkrS liuk* cgqr yksdfiz;gqbZ&

jkrS liukjkrS liuk fn[kk, fi;k gedksjfr;k liuk] jkrS liukuk ekSjs vaxuk esa fufc;k ds isM+ok]] ]] ]] ]]bl vuwBs fefJr laxhr esa yxHkx ,d n'kd

ckn efgyk xkf;dk nzkSirh ds vkus ls ,d u;k eksM+vk;kA buds cgqpfpZr xhrksa esa ls ,d yksdfiz;^lksgj* izLrqr gS&

lksus ds [k:Åvkajktk jkepanz eSÕ;k ls]vjt djs eSÕ;k ls]eSÕ;k ge rks tkbZc eèkqcu dslhry dSls jf[k;Å gks ¿¿¿¿fookg xhrksa ij vkèkfjr buds ,yce ^ysV vl

flax ,aM Mkal* esa xk;u vkSj uR; ds viwoZ la;kstuus yksdfiz;rk dk u;k dhfrZeku LFkkfir fd;kA

^pVuh laxhr* dh igpku cukus vkSj frzfunknrFkk VkScsxks esa mls tu lkekU; rd igq¡pkus dk Js;lkrosa n'kd ds dyk izseh eksbu eksgEen vkSj mudsHkkbZ dks gSA bUgksaus jkenso pSrks vkSj nzkSirh tSlh pVuhds egkjfFk;ksa ds ^'kks* vk;ksftr fd,A buds ,d HkkbZdekyqn~nhu& tks Lo;a jsfM;ks dykdkj Fks] us Hkkjrh;ksads fy, izlkfjr fd, tkus okys dk;ZØe esa ^pVuhlaxhr* dks 'kkfey djok;kA

lqanj iksiks ds fganh vkSj vaxzsth fefJr xhrksa uspVuh laxhr dks u;k vk;ke fn;kA frzfunkn dsckjdiqj ls vk, lqanj iksiks ds ^ge u tbcs* ^lqjkth*]^fiQYykSjh fcuk pVuh* rFkk lcls vfèkd ^ukuk vkSj

ukuh* xhr yksdfiz;rk ds pje rd igq¡psA ^ukuk vkSjukuh* uked pfpZr xhr esa lqanj iksiks us nwj xk¡o esacls on~èk naifRr dh fnup;kZ dks e”kkfd;k yg”ks esaizLrqr fd;kA

lSe cwnjke bl nkSj ds ,d vU; izfln~èk pVuhdykdkj FksA ijaijkxr ^fcjgk* 'kSyh esa jfpr muds,d xhr ds cksy gaS&

v, ¿¿ jketh dh cfx;k ¿¿lhrk ds iQqyok¿¿jhyfN eu nsÅjkcSB¿ j[kokjh× × ×lksuok ds exok] lqrsyk iQqyokjhvjs ¿ exok ds pky esjs eu HkkbZjke th dh cfx;k -------èkuq"k ck.k fy, vk, j?kqjkbZexok ds ihNs x,Å j?kqjkbZbl ;qx ds vU; pVuh dykdkjksa fyyhtkWu

yk[ku dfj;k] vkuan ;kudj.k] lksuh eku vkfn dsxhr fjdkMZ dj iwjh nqfu;k esa mUgsa igq¡pkus dk Js;jksfgr txslj uked O;fDr dks gSA O;ogkj vkSjO;kikj dq'ky jksfgr txslj us 1980 ds n'kd esanqfu;k Hkj ds cM+s&cM+s LVsfM;e vkSj fØdsV {ks=kksa esa^pVuh laxhr* ds ^ykbZo dkWUlVZ* vk;ksftr fd,A

pVuh esa if'peh laxhr okn~;ksa&fxVkj] vkWjdsLVªkvkfn ds vfèkdkfèkd iz;ksx us bldh yksdfiz;rk dsxzkiQ dks vkSj c<+k fn;kA dapu vkSj ckcyk* ds dqNxM+cM+ gS* ,yce dh 1980 esa fjdkWMZ rksM+ fcØhgqbZA

bldh liQyrk ns[kdj vU; pVuh dykdkjksaus Hkh dSfyIlksa vkSj vejhdu y; rky dk lekos'kdjds viuh laxhr 'kSyh dks vkSj pViVk cuk;k vkSjmls uke fn;k ^bafM;u lksdk*A dkfuZoky ls'ku esafrzfunkn vkSj Vkscsxks ls ^lksdk izfr;ksfxrk,¡* gksus yxhAfrzfunkn dh cgqpfpZr xkf;dk nzkSirh jkexksukbZ dsxhrksa dks dkeqd vkSj mRrstd dgdj mudh vkykspukdh xbZ ysfdu tks lekt esa izpfyr Fkk mlh dks xhrksaesa <kyus okyh nzkSirh jkexksukbZ dks ckn esa ^pVuhDohu* dh mikfèk ls uok”kk x;kA

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26 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

pVuh laxhr ds izfr yksxksa dh nhokuxh dkvkfFkZd ykHk mBkus ds fy, chloha 'krh ds vafren'kd esa cgqr lh laxhr daifu;k¡ lkeus vkb±A fo'ks"k:i ls vejhdk vkSj dukMk dh ftu E;wf”kd daifu;ksaus mHkjrs gq, pVuh dykdkjksa dks ekSdk fn;k] muesatSedu Øs”kh fjdkM~lZ] Likbl vkbySaM fjdkM~lZ]eksgkfcj fjdkWMZlZ ds uke mYys[kuh; gSaA laxhr {ks=k esalfØ; bu daifu;ksa ds lg;ksx vkSj U;w;kWdZ esa ^lksdkiSjkMkb”k* vkSj ^dSfyIlks flVh* vkfn ukbVDycksa dhLFkkiuk ls bl laxhr 'kSyh dk izlkj vkSj c<+ x;kA

ckWyhoqM ;kuh fganh flusek ij Hkh pVuh dkFkksM+k lk izHkko 1980 ds n'kd esa fn[kkbZ fn;kAfiNys dqN o"kks± esa Mk;Liksjk ns'kksa esa fo'ks"k :i lsf=kfunkn esa lkb±ckck dh Lrqfr ds fy, vk;ksftrladhrZuksa us pVuh laxhr dks c<+kok fn;k gSA Hkkjrh;jkxksa ij vkèkkfjr] Å¡ph fip ij xk, tkus okys buHkfDrxhrksa esa rs”k xfr ls dqN iafDr;ksa dh ckj&ckjvkofRr Jksrkvksa dks pVuh laxhr dh HkkoHkwfe ij yk[kM+k djrh gSA

pVuh laxhr ekWjh'kl dh èkjrh ij lsxk Hkkstiqjh*ds xfy;kjs ls gksrs gq, vkxs c<+kA vÚhdh ns'kksa lsvk, Jfedksa us ;wjksih; izHkko dks vkRelkr dj ftlxk;u vkSj uR;'kSyh dks tUe fn;k og lsxk* dgyk;kA^lsxk Hkkstiqjh* 'kSyh esa jkokUus] ekjokUus vkSj Vªkb;saxyvkfn okn~;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk ijaijkxr Hkkjrh; laxhrokn~;ksa <ksyd] rcyk] gkjeksfu;e dk viwoZ lkeatL;fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

Hkkstiqjh ds lsxk ds jax esa jaxus dh vfuok;Zrkdh ppkZ djrs gq, ekWjh'kl dh efgyk xkf;dk fcLokuhnhiks; us dgk fd ¶ge vius xhrksa dh jpuk lsxk dhy; ij ugha djsaxs rks dksbZ Hkh bUgsa ugha lqusxk¸AekWjhf'k;u pVuh* ,yce dk ,d xhr mnkgj.k dsfy, fy;k tk ldrk gS&

xkekr esa tc tkbcsHkkstiqjh xkbdSfulk Mkfydslc dqbZ dks upkbdslu~ 1950 rd vkSifuosf'kd lRrk vkSj dSFkksfyd

ppZ us bl laxhr 'kSyh dk frjLdkj fd;k ysfdu

èkhjs&èkhjs ikfVZ;ksa esa blus viuh txg cuk yhA ^lsxkHkkstiqjh* ls ^lsxk pVuh* vkSj fiQj ^lsxk ckWyhoqM* ds:i esa bldk fodkl gqvkA uCcs ds n'kd esa ^HkkstiqjhC;k;”k* Hkkstiqjh yolZ*] Hksktiqjh cktk ckts Cok;”k*]^elkyk pVuh* ^feDl pVuh* vkfn laxhr lewgksa uspVuh laxhr dh èkwe epk nhA bu nyksa esa efgykuR;kaxukvksa ds vkus ls ;g vfèkd thoar gks mBkA

yksd laxhr ds fØ;ksykb”ks'ku esa a laxhr izcaèkdksa*dh egrh Hkwfedk gSA pVuh ds iYyfor iqf"ir djusesa ^gSufjvkWV fiQxkjks*] tks”k eSF;q] DySjks fcfXuvkSDlvkSj Hkkjrh; ekWfjf'k;u yksxksa esa johu lksoacj ds ukefo'ks"k :i ls mYys[kuh; gSaA

laLÑfr ds mRFkku ds fy, iz;kl'khy ekWjh'kldh tkuh ekuh gfLr;k¡ lqJh lfjrk cwèkw vkSj lqJhlqfprk jkenhu us bu uR;dyk ds iqu#n~èkkj ds fy,vFkd iz;kl fd, gaSA egkRek xkaèkh baLVhV~;wV* ekWjh'klHkkstiqjh baLVhV;wV* esa blls tqM+s vkSipkfjd vkSjvukSipkfjd dk;ZØeksa dk vk;kstu djds os"kHkw"kkvkSj uR;'kSyh ds Lrj ij bUgksaus pVuh laxhr dks HkO;cukus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA

?kj ifjokj esa fofHkUu laLdkjksa] mRloksa ij xhrksals okrkoj.k dks xqatk;eku djus dk nkf;Ro Hkkjrh;lekt esa efgyk,¡ gh djrh vkbZ gaSA fo'ks"k :i lsfL=k;ksa ds fy, fL=k;ksa n~okjk xk, tkus okys xhrksa dhHkh ,d ijaijk iatkc esa fookg ls iwoZ vk;ksftrysMh”k laxhr esa ns[kh tk ldrh gSA f=kfunkn esa^ekVhdwj ukbV* dk izpyu blh ijaijk dh vxyhdM+h gSA fookg ls ,d fnu igys vk;ksftr ^ekVhdwjukbV* esa ckgj ls feV~Vh [kksndj ykus] mls iwtkLFkyij izfrf"Br djus ds lkFk&lkFk >qdh gqbZ eqnzk esa uR;fd;k tkrk gSA can njoktksa ds ihNs] iq#"k lekt dhu”kjksa ls nwj fookfgr efgykvksa n~okjk xk, tkus okysbu xhrksa esa n~fovFkhZ 'kCnksa vkSj fo'ks"k eqnzkvksa n~okjkHkkoh nqYgu dks fookfgr thou ds ckjs esa crk;k tkrkgSA fjdh jkekSrkj ds ekVhdwj xhr ds cksy gSa&

gjnh dh jkr tks vk,nscks lrjafx;k foNk,gks ckcknsoks lrjafx;k foNk,

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 27

ekVhdwj]ekVhdwj]ekVhdwj]ekVhdwjAekWjh'kl esa nqYgu ds lkFk nwYgs ds ?kj esa Hkh

fookg ls iwoZ ^xhr xokbZ* ds :i esa xhr vkSj uR;dk vk;kstu gksrk gSA ftuesa L=kh iq#"k lc lfEefyrgksrs gSaA dgha&dgha iq#"k fL=k;ksa dh os"kHkw"kk igudjfL=k;ksa ds gko&Hkko fn[kkrs gq, ukprs gSa tks fcgkj esagksus okys ^ykSaMk ukp* dh ;kn fnykrs gSaA ^fc;kg dsxhrksa* esa jkds'k ;kudju dk ^tkus okys nqyfgu*mYys[kuh; gSA

^dqyh oqeu* dh izfrf"Br ysf[kdk xk;=kh cgknqjus viuh nknh dh Hkkjr ls xq;kuk rd dh ;k=kk dko.kZu djrs gq, pVuh laxhr ds izfr vius vkd"kZ.kdk mYys[k djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd os ,d laHkzkarifjokj ls rkYyqd j[krh gaSA pVuh laxhr ds izfrmuds yxko dks mudh ek¡ Vs<+h fuxkgksa ls ns[krh Fkhysfdu U;w;kdZ] ÝyksfjMk] VksjaVks] yanu esa gksus okysfookg mRloksa esa lHkh vady vkafV;ksa dks pVuhlaxhr dh èkqu ij ,d lkFk fFkjdrs gq, ns[kdj mUgsaeglwl gksrk Fkk fd ;g laxhr mudh tM+ksa ls tqM+k gSA

bDdhloha lnh ds nwljs n'kd esa HkweaMyhdj.kvkSj lwpuk foLiQksV ds okrkjoj.k esa lkal ysrs gq,ihNs eqM+dj ns[ksa rks ik,¡xs fd fiNyh lnh dsvkjafHkd o"kks± esa ?kj vkaxu] [ksrksa vkSj fookg mRloksaesa xwatus okys pVuh laxhr us fodkl ds vusd lksikuikj dj fy, gSasA ihfM+r dqyh dh O;Fkk] xksjs yksxksa dsizfr ?k.kk] bZ'k Lrqfr] fojg O;fFkr ân; dh ihM+k vkSjnkaiR; thou ds [kV~Vs&ehBs vuqHkoksa ls vkxs efgykl'kfDrdj.k ds Loj Hkh vc blesa lqukbZ nsus yxs gSaA?kjsyw fgalk] ifr dh u'ks dh yr ls =kLr iRuh viuh

fLFkfr ds fo"k; esa loky djrh gqbZ fn[kkbZ nsrh gSAvfuy flag jkeslqj dk ^nky idk;syh* vkSj ^fcLokuhnhiks;* dk ^'kknh djds* blds izek.k gaSA mPp thouewY;ksa ds LFkku ij HkkSfrd lq[kksa dh pkg dks Hkh buxhrksa esa fu'kkuk cuk;k x;k gS ;Fkk 2012 esa xq;kuk]lwfjuke vkSj f=kfunkn esa yksdfiz; iSlk pVuh* mnkgj.kgS&

nqfu;k esa lHkh dksbZiSlk [kkstrckdksbZ djs pksjh HkkbZdksbZ ekjs Madktgk¡ pfy, lHk dksbZ rksiSlk [kkstrckdksbZ djs pksjh HkkbZ------ubZ ih<+h vÚhdh] if'peh ;wjksih; ;k fefMy

bZLV dh lhekvksa esa c¡èkuk ugha pkgrhA <ksyd ]gkjeksfu;e]rklk dh lgt lhèkh y; esa <ys xhrksa ls vkxsbySfDVªd fxVkj] Mªe dh cksMZ dh èkquksa ij cM+s&cM+seapksa ij fFkjduk pkgrh gSA iQyr% pVuh ds u,&u,:i lkeus vk jgs gaS tSls ^jsxk pVuh* HkkaxM+k ^pVuhlksdk* ^lsxk pVuh* ^ckWyhoqM pVuh*A feV~Vh lsmitk laxhr vc gkbfczM gks x;k gSA

bl izdkj pVuh laxhr dk mn; vkSj fodklgekjs ;qx dh ,d lkaLÑfrd ?kVuk gS tks chloha lnhesa ?kfVr gqbZA bldh fof'k"Vrk ;g gS fd blds chtlekt ds laHkzk ar oxZ us ugha vfirq tu&lkèkkj.kvFkok vke vkneh us cks, ysfdu blds foLiQksVdfodkl us vke vkSj [kkl lHkh dk eu eksg fy;k gSAMk;Liksjk ns'kksa esa cls Hkkjroaf'k;ksa dks pVuh ds rkjvius iwoZtksa dh tUeHkwfe ls tksM+rs gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa]dgsa rks pVuh laxhr ds ekè;e ls fo'o esa Hkkjrh;laLÑfr dk izlkj gks jgk gSA

µ lh&29] lh- lh- dkWyksuh] fnYyh&110007

qqq

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28 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

fjtkdqekj ekFkqj ds fparu vkSj mudh ekU;rkvksa ij ckr djus ds fy, gesa o"kZ1935 ls 1965 dh dfork ij muds earO;kas ij è;kunsuk gksxkA mUgksaus vius ys[k ^vLohÑr dk ueksUos"k%rkj lIrd ls vdfork rd* (ubZ dfork % lhek,¡vkSj laHkkouk,¡) esa fy[kk gS % ¶iqjkuh eè;;qxhuewY;nf"V] Hkkoqdrkiw.kZ jksekuh] dYiukizèkku lkaLÑfrdcksèk rFkk èkjkryh; mnkjokn (ftls fganh esa ekuorkoknvFkok rFkkdfFkr Hkkjrh; ijaijk dh laKk nh tkrh gS)ds èkqaèk dks bl ubZ laosnu'khyrk vkSj oLrqijdlkSan;Z&nf"V us lnk ds fy, feVk fn;k gSA lkekftdnkf;Ro ds bl egr dh vksV esa udyh ekaxfydrkvkSj fujhg 'kqHkk'kalk dk tks vkMacj jpk tk jgk FkkvkSj vc Hkh rqjr&fln~fèk;ksa ds fy, jpk tkrk gS mlik[kaM dh dybZ Hkh uo dkO; dh [kjh rFkk fu"Bkiw.kZfØ;kfofèk fi?kyk dj cgk pqdh gSA¸ (i- 1)

bl oDrO; ds ^Hkkjrh; ijaijk* vkSj ^rqjr&fln~fèk;ksa ds fy,* okD;ka'kksa ij è;ku nsa rks yxrk gSfd Nk;kokn ds ckn dkO; esa Hkys gh bu izofRr;ksadk yksi fn[kkbZ ns jgk Fkk] fdarq jktuSfrd thou esage vkt Hkh muls eqDr ugha gq, gSa D;ksafd dYiuk&izèkkulkaLÑfrd cksèk vkSj dfFkr Hkkjrh; ijaijk vkt Hkhcyoku gS] ftlds lw=k izlkn&dkyhu lkaLÑfrd jk"VªoknvkSj ^bfrgkl tSlk gksuk pkfg, Fkk* tSlh voèkkj.kkvksa;k feJ] cukoVh vkSj fu;ksftr iqu#RFkkuoknh iz;klksaesa ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA dgk tk ldrk gS fd ;g èkkj.kk,d rjg ls ,dkafrd laLÑfr dh okgd gS] ftldsvarxZr cgqla[;d leqnk; vYila[;d leqnk;ksa ij

fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj % fparu dh ,d LoLFk ijaijklqjs'k èkhaxM+k

fx viuk opZLo LFkkfir djus dk iz;kl djrk gS& dHkhcgqla[;k ds uke ij lhèks vkSj dHkh cgqla[;dksa dhHkkouk ;k fo'okl ds uke ij ijks{k :i ls_ dHkh ;gèkkfeZd mnkjrk dk uke vkSj cM+Iiu èkkj.k dj ysrkgS] rks dHkh ijaijk ds uke ij vU; leqnk;ksa dhlaLÑfr;k sa vkSj ijaijkvks a dks nckdj lkaLÑfrdljyhdj.k djus dk iz;kl djrk gS vkSj blds ihNsgksrk gS èkkfeZd] lkekftd vkSj jktuSfrd opZLo izkIrdjus dk iz;klA

dfork ds fo"k;] nf"Vdks.k vkSj le; dsHkk"kk&:iksa ds iz;ksx ds og fgek;rh fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSaAmuds Nk;kokn ls izLFkku ds fcanqvksa esa ,d egRoiw.kZladsr Hkk"kk ds cnyrs :i gSa] ftUgsa mUgksaus fo'ks"k :ils js[kkafdr rks fd;k gS] os mudh viuh dforkvksa esaHkh lrr gksus okys cnykoksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA

bldk izek.k gesa mudh 1941 esa >kalh esafy[kh dfork ^Dok¡j dh lwuh nqigjh* esa iz;qDr^xjehys* tSls 'kCnksa rFkk ^Nksj ij ls*] ^nhokj ij ds*tSls :iksa ds iz;ksx esa feyrk gS vkSj 1942 esa fnYyhvkus ds ckn tc og ^e'khu dk iqtkZ* tSlh dforkfy[krs gSa] rks xk¡o dh ;kn NwVus ds ckotwn] u,ekgkSy vkSj mlls mRiUu vuqHkoksa dks ,d rjg dhfefJr Hkk"kk esa O;Dr djrs gSaA ;g nqfu;k nÝ+rj dhnqfu;k gS] ftlesa vkneh lqcg ls 'kke rd 'kgj dhpdkpkSaèk ls dVk&lk fcuk mlls dksbZ ljksdkj eglwlfd, [kVrk gS%

xksèkwfy gks xbZ èkwy ls <dh i+Qkbyksa ds i=kksa ij@dczksa&lk lqulku lek;k@Hkwr cuk mldk eu

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 29

ckgj ?kwe jgk gS@mu eksVs ykuksa ds Åij@viuh #X.kk iRuh dh lwuh vk¡[kksa esaA----------------------------------------------------------------------dkx+T+k dh eksVh :[kh nhokj [kM+h gS@'osr izser dh ewjr tSlhA

(^eq>s vkSj vHkh dguk gS*] i`- 51&52);g ,d fnypLi rF; gS fd fxfjtkdqekj

ekFkqj dh Hkk"kk chloha 'krkCnh ds eè; ls igys ghcnyus yxh FkhA mlesa Nk;kokn dh jgL;e; 'kCnkoyh]iz;ksxokn ds vfrfjDr my>ko] uo jksekuokfn;ksa dhui+Qklr vkSj izxfr'khyksa dh fuf'pr&izk;% 'kCnkoyhugha gSA buds foijhr mudh dforkvksa esa laosnukvksadh lhèkh vfHkO;fDr feyrh gS] muesa os 'kCn 'kfeygksus yxrs gSa] tks iwoZ esa xn~; ds {ks=k ds ekus tkrs jgsgSaA vkx vkSj iQwy*] izkS<+ jksekal*] lka;dky*] ,f'k;kdk tkxj.k* tSlh dfork,¡ bldk izek.k izLrqr djsaxhAysfdu] ;g cnyko dfork ds dforkiu ;k vkarfjdy;] ftls Lo;a ekFkqj ^ukn* dh laKk nsrs gSa] dhdher ij ugha gqvk] og rks Hkfo"; dh dfork dhHkk"kk dk ladsr gSA bu cnykoksa dks mudh dkO;&;k=kkds iM+koksa ds vuq:i ns[kus dh vis{kk gSA

oLrqr% fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj us fganh dfork dhvkarfjd y; dh tks O;k[;k ^ukn fln~èkkar* dsvarxZr dh gS] og u dsoy vius le; dh ubZvoèkkj.kk ds :i esa ns[kh tkuh pkfg, oju~ mls ^u,lkSan;Z'kkL=k* ds :i esa Hkh ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A ;gvko';drk okLro esa] blfy, mRiUu gqbZ D;ksafdijaijk ls tqM+s vkykspdksa us ubZ dfork ij Hkh oghizfreku ykxw djus pkgs tks ukV~;'kkL=k esa O;Drizfreku@ ekU;rk,¡ laLÑr vkSj eè;;qx ds HkfDr vkSjjhfr lkfgR; ij ykxw fd, tkrs jgs FksA t+kfgjk rkSj ijcnyh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa iqjkuh dkO;&ekU;rkvksa ds izfrfonzksg ds :i esa fudyh ubZ dfork dks le>kus ;kmldh iM+rky djus ds fy, os fu"d"kZ iqjkus iM+pqds FksA Nan ds VwVus ds lkFk ftl ^u, Nan* dhmn~Hkkouk dks ns[kk tkuk pkfg, Fkk] mlds fy, u,fln~èkkarksa@izfrekuksa@nf"V dh vfuok;Zrk FkhA bUgha dks[kkstus dk dke fd;k Fkk fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj usA fo"k;

vo'; u;k vkSj nq:g Fkk] laHkor% blhfy, dkykarjesa bl ij fo'ks"k ppkZ ugha gqbZ vkSj ^ukn* dks laxhrds izfjizs{; esa gh ns[kk tkrk jgk tcfd fxfjtkdqekjekFkqj bls ^'kCnksa dh ekSfyd èofu;ksa ds dykRedifjp;* ds :i esa ns[krs gSa ftuds lkFkZd iz;ksx lsvuqHkwfr dh okLrfod vfHkofRr (ewM) laiw.kZ :i lsizdV gks ldrh gSA èofu ;gk¡ vFkZ&O;atuk dk izrhdcudj vkrh gS] dkO; dk ckg~; vyadj.k ;k vfrjatuughaA og ^oLrq* ds leLr izHkkoksa dk O;Dr ladsrcu tkrh gSA (^ukn fln~èkkar % èofu;ksa ds ekSfydvFkZ*] ladfyr ^ubZ dfork % lhek,¡ vkSj laHkkouk,¡i`- 23)

fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj blh vkèkkj ij Nk;koknhdkO; esa 'kCn] fp=kHkko] fcacHkko vkSj dkYifudmn~Hkkoukvksa dh ,d jhfrdkyhu :f<+ LFkkfir gqbZns[krs gSaA blh vkèkkj ij os ;g Hkh ladsr djrs gSa fdmlesa vusd :<+ izrhd iz;ksx fd, x,] tks ckn esaizxhr dkO; esa Hkh bLrseky fd, x,A O;atu&izèkkuvuqizklksa ds vkèkkj ij ukn&rRo jhfrcn~èk vkSj ifjikVhls tqM+s dfo;ksa esa os vfèkd ns[krs gSaA (ogha] i` 25)mudk ekuuk gS fd ^Loj èofu;ksa* ds vkèkkj ij jpkx;k ukn&rRo vfèkd laf'y"V ,oa vkarfjd xfre;rkvFkkZr~ y;rk mRiUu djrk gSA

fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj bl voèkkj.kk ds vkèkkj ijLi"V :i ls dgrs gaS % ¶jhfrcn~èkrk n~forh; Js.kh dsdfoRo dks gh tUe ns ldrh gS] Js"B izfrHkk,¡ lnkgh ,slh ifjfèk;ksa dk vfrØe.k dj tkrh gSaA :f<+ dsvuqlj.k ls iqujkofRr vkSj peRdkj&fiz;rk mitrhgS] tks gzkl dk fuf'pr izek.k gSA¸ (ogh] i- 28)muds vuqlkj 'kqn~èk dkO; dh izfr"Bk igyh ckjiz;ksx'khy dfork ds mn; ds lkFk gh gqbZA ;g Hkhfganh dkO;&{ks=k esa igyh ckj gqvk fd mls laxhr dsmidj.kksa ls vyx dj lkfgfR;d fud"k ls tksM+kx;kA mUgksaus bl ckr dks Hkh js[kkafdr fd;k gS fddfork ubZ dfork esa igq¡pdj Loj ikB&'kSyh esa cn~èkeuksjatu dk lkèku u jg dj xaHkhj lkfgR; dyk ds:i esa xzg.k dh xbZA

fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj bl ckr ij Hkh fpark O;Drdjrs gSa fd ubZ dfork esa rhoz izfrfØ;k ds dkj.kNan ls gh ugha] y; ls foPNsn gks x;k] ysfdu os bl

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30 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

vksj Hkh ladsr djrs gSa fd ;g ifjorZu vius pjefcanq ij igq¡pdj #d x;kA pw¡fd os Nan ls eqfDr dkvFkZ y; ls eqfDr ugha ekurs] blfy, dgrs gaS%¶dfork vFkZ ds vkarfjd ukn vFkkZr~ y; ls eqDrgksdj dfork ugha jg tkrh] og xn~; Hkh ugha jgrh]v&in~; (uku&olZ) gks tkrh gSA¸ (ogh] i- 41)blfy, mudh nf"V esa ;g vko';d gS fd ¶Hkko&i{k]fcac&i{k vkSj ukn&i{k ds ikjaifjd lacaèk dks Li"Vrkle>k tk, rFkk ;g Lohdkj fd;k tk, fd buesa lsdksbZ Hkh rRo xkS.k ugha gS] lHkh dk leku egRo ,oavfuok;Zrk gSA¸ (ogh] i 42)

Nk;kokn ls iw.kZ izLFkku dh i"BHkwfe esa oSf'odLrj ij izcy gqbZ vkèkqfudrk vkSj mldh izfØ;k dhegRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA lkFk gh ;wjksi esa fodflr ubZfopkjèkkjkvksa] ;FkkFkZokn vkSj Úk;Mokn& ds mn;]lksfo;r Økafr vkSj mlds iQyLo:i varjjk"Vªh;lektoknh vkanksyuksa dk izkjaHk] ekuo&eqfDr ds iz;kl]jktuSfrd Lora=krk ds fy, vkjaHk ;k rst gq, vkanksyuvkfn FksA bl lanHkZ esa ;g Hkh js[kkafdr djuk gksxk fdNk;kokn ds lkFk&lkFk izsepan dh èkkjk Hkh cg jghFkh] ftlesa u rks Nk;koknh Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx Fkk vkSj u^lkaLÑfrd jk"Vªokn* tSlh èkkj.kkvksa dk izJ; izkIrFkkA blds ihNs fo'o dh vU; Hkk"kkvksa esa gks jgslkfgfR;d vkanksyu vkSj ;wjksih; nk'kZfud voèkkj.kk,¡Hkh viuh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh FkhaA fganh rFkk vU;Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa gksus okys ,d&ds&ckn&,d lkfgfR;dvkanksyuksa us Hkkjrh; ekuo dks >d>ksj fn;k FkkAokLro esa ;g oSpkfjd fodkl dh lrr izfØ;k gSAiz;ksxokn] izxfrokn rFkk vktknh ds ckn ubZ dforkvkSj fiQj vdfork&ftls fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj vLohÑrdfork* dgrs gSa cqHkq{kq ih<+h dh dfork] Bksl dfork]fopkj dfork tSls vusd vkanksyu mHkjsA ekFkqj Li"VrkSj ij dgrs gSa fd ifjorZu ds lw=k ;a=k&lRrk dsizknqHkkZo vkSj mRrjksRrj fodkl ds dkj.k iYyforgq, gSaA blds ihNs dh okLrfodrk ;g gS fd euq";vius lanHkks± ls =kLr gksrk gS vkSj bl =kkl dks le>usds fy, og vfHkO;fDr ds u,&u, ekè;eksa dhmn~Hkkouk djrk gS] tks 'kh?kz gh iqjkus vkSj cklh gkstkrs gSaA blfy, os LFkk;h lekèkku ugha nsrs] ij vkxsdh fn'kk dk ladsr dj nsrs gSaA ;g fopkj dfork ij

gh ugha vU; dykvksa ij Hkh ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gSA;g ,d fnypLi rF; gS fd fp=kdyk Hkh dforkrFkk vU; lkfgfR;d foèkkvksa dh Hkkafr vusd vkanksyuksavk Sj ifjoZruk sa ls xqtjh gS vkSj gesa D;wfc”ke]vfr;FkkFkZokn] CySd isafVaXl tSls vkanksyu ns[kus dksfeys gSaA gksrk ;g gS fd tc dksbZ vkLFkk 'ks"k ughajgrh] rc yxrk gS fd ¶nsork u"V gks pqds gSa]peRdkj vkSj ojnku ds izrki (vkt) vFkZghu gSa]ifj=kk.k dk dksbZ mik; ugha] vkn'kZ ds ekè;e lsiyk;u ds jkLrs yqIr gks pqds vkSj bZ'oj dh eR;q gksxbZ gSA----¸ (ogh] i- 12) uhR'ks ds bl n'kZu us vU;Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dh Hkk¡fr fganh ds lkfgR;dkjksa dks HkhizHkkfor fd;kA Hkkjr esa fo'ks"k :i ls vktknh ds cknds nkSj us gesa vukLFkk vkSj vLohdkj rd ml le;igq¡pk fn;k] tc yxus yxk fd eqfDr dk dksbZ jkLrk'ks"k ugha jgk] gekjs vfLrRo dh dqath nwljksa&fdUghavuke 'kfDr;ksa ds gkFkksa esa igq¡p pqdh gSA ;g Hkhyxus yxk fd ;kaf=kd fodkl ds lekukarj dksbZoSKkfud laLÑfr ugha iui ikbZ gSA mlus dsoymi;ksx vkSj miHkksx dh ekufldrk dks tUe fn;k gSAnwljh vksj ;kaf=kd fodkl dk ykHk fo'o ds ,dcgqr cM+s fgLls dks feyk gh ughaA jktuSfrd Lrj ij;k rks u, vk;qèkks a ds fuekZ.k ij cy Fkk ;kjktuSfrd&vkfFkZd&lkaLÑfr opZLo LFkkfir djus ijA

fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj oSpkfjd fodkl dk dksbZlhekar ugha ekurs] og fdlh fcanq fo'ks"k ls izkjaHkgksdj nwljs fcanq ij lekIr ugha gks tkrk] oju~ mlesa,d lrr izfØ;k gksrh gS ftlds fdlh [kaM&fo'ks"kds ewY;kadu ds fy, le;karjky dh njdkj gksrh gSAblh fopkj.kk ds varxZr os Nk;koknh ;qx dks eè;;qxhuofRr vkSj vkèkqfud laosnuk ds eè; fLFkr gksus okyk,d lafèkdky ekurs gSaA blhfy, ;g dky mudhn`f"V esa ^izkd~ vkèkqfud pj.k* gSA muds fopkj ls¶,d vksj mlesa vè;kReèkehZ nk'kZfudrk Fkh tkseè;;qxhu izsjd 'kfDr vFkkZr~ èkeZ dk gh vo'ks"k FkhAnwljh vksj ijaijk ls fonzksg dk jksekuh rRo Hkh Fkk]ftls ge ,d izkjafHkd <ax dh vkèkqfudrk vFkokvkèkqfudrk dk iwokZHkkl dg ldrs gSaA¸ (^vkèkqfudrkdh izfØ;k*] ^ubZ dfork % lhek,¡ % vkSj laHkkouk,¡*]i`- 104)

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 31

bl vkèkkj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd Nk;koknhlaosnuk esa nks ewy rRo fefJr gksdj vk, Fks]vè;kReksUeq[k eè;;qxhu izofRr vkSj vkn'kZoknh fonzksgdk LojA fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj vxys nkSjksa dh dfork esa;gha ls izek.k&fcanq Hkh ns[krs gSaA pw¡fd Nk;kokn dku;kiu vkèkqfudrk ugha Fkh] blfy, u,iu esa os murRoksa dh ryk'k djus ds fgek;rh gSa] tks mls vkèkqfudrkdh Js.kh esa yk [kM+k djus esa l{ke gksa % ¶vkèkqfudrkifjofrZr Hkkocksèk dh og fLFkfr gS ftldk izknqHkkZo;kaf=kd rFkk oSKkfud fodkl&Øe ds orZeku fcanq ijvkdj gqvk gSA¸ (ogh] i`- 105) vkSj ;g fcanq gSan~forh; egk;qn~èk] ftlus ekuoh; ifjos'k esa ,drkfRod laØe.k iSnk dj fn;k Fkk] ftlus foKku vkSjizfofèk dk vfr'k; foèoald :i izLrqr fd;k] ftlesalkezkT;oknh jk"Vªokn vkSj tkfr Js"Brk rks ijkftr gqbZ]ysfdu ftlus tYn gh ,d O;kikfjd lkezkT;okn dsmn; dh ifjfLFkfr Hkh fufeZr dj nh ftlds lekukarjgesa lkaLÑfrd jk"Vªokn ds iqu#RFkku ds iz;kl fn[kkbZns jgs gSaA

fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj vkèkqfudrk ds rhu Loj ekursgSa % ifjos'kh; Lrj_ Hkko {ks=k ls lacn~èk_ vkSjnk'kZfud i{kA gesa ;g ckr è;ku esa j[kuh pkfg, fdmuds le; rd mRrj vkèkqfudrk vkSj mRrjksRrjvkèkqfudrk tSlh voèkkj.kkvksa dh ppkZ Hkkjrh; ifjn';esa ugha Fkh] ysfdu ;g Li"V gks pqdk Fkk fd izÑfrvkSj mlds th dks"kksa esa vk.kfod izHkkoksa ls fo?kVuvkSj foÑfr dh leL;k mifLFkr gS rFkk euq"; dkeuq"; jguk Hkh [krjs esa iM+ pqdk gSA gekjs iwoZtksa dsvkn'kZ fln~èkkar Hkh ek=k tqeys jg x, Fks] ekuolH;rk Hkys gh vkSn~;ksfxd fodkl ds dkj.k Å¡pkb;k¡izkIr dj pqdh FkhA ysfdu] vkSn~;ksfxd fodkl dhygj vHkh dqN nwj Fkh] ftls ge vkt eglwl djjgs gSaA

bu fLFkfr;ksa us lkfgR; esa ckSn~fèkdrk iSnk dh]fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj dk ekuuk gS fd ¶ckSn~fèkdrkfufyZfIr ugha gksrh vkSj u jpukRed izfØ;k esa vuqHkwfrdks ckSn~fèkd Lrj ij xzg.k djus ek=k ls og Lor% ghmRiUu gks tkrh gS] tks jpukdkj dks rc izkIr gksrh gS]ftl le; og vius ^HkksDrk* dks ^n'kZd* cudj

ns[kus dk Lrj izkIr dj ysrk gSA¸ (ogh] i- 112)ekFkqj us bl rF; dks js[kkafdr djrs gq, bls

fiNys nkSj ds dkO; ls eqfDr ds :i esa xzg.k fd;kgSA oLrqr% ;gh og nkSj Fkk tc dfork esa ifjokj]fookg] nkaiR; vkfn lkekftd laLFkkvks a ds izfr^cfg"dkj* vkSj ^vLohdkj* dk Hkko iuius yxk FkkAysfdu mls vxys nkSj dh dfork esa Loj izkIr gqvkAekFkqj bl dfork esa okLrfodrk dh mifLFkfr dksLohdkj rks djrs gSa] ysfdu Lo;a mudh dfork fu"ksèkksads ?ksjs ls ckgj jgrh gSA (bUghsa fLFkfr;ksa esa vdfork]vdgkuh vk”kknh ds nkSj ds ckn tuoknh dfork tSlsvkanksyu dks Hkh tUe fn;kA gk¡] bl vkanksyu dhi"BHkwfe esa ,d iq[rk jktuSfrd fopkjèkkjk dh Hkwfels budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA) fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqjdk ekuuk gS fd bu vkanksyuksa ds ladsr gesa ubZdfork ls gh feyus vkjaHk gks tkrs gSaA mUgksaus bl ckrij Hkh cy fn;k gS fd ¶foKku ;qxhu ykSfdd]ykWftdy] vuklDr nf"V ls mls ns[kuk gksxk] vFkkZr~dfo dks iqu% vius lanHkZ esa izkÑr :i ls vkukgksxkA¸ (ogh] i`- 15) blh lanHkZ esa ekFkqj ^'kh?kz gh*vLohÑr dfork esa ^vkorZu* ns[krs gSaA bls ,dizdkj ls Nk;koknh] iz;ksxoknh] ubZ dfork] jksekuhvkSj uo&jksekuh dfork&èkkjk ds fo#n~èk vdfork dhHkwfedk ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

ijarq bldk vFkZ ;g ugha fy;k tk ldrk fdekFkqj vdfork ds nkSj dh ^uaxbZ] Hknsl] pkSadkus okyhizofRr* dk leFkZu dj jgs gSaA blds foijhr ogbldk Li"V fojksèk djrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa] ysfdu] lkFkgh bUgsa LFkk;h ugha izkajfHkd fLFkfr ekurs gSaA mudk;g earO; mu dkaiQksfeZLV vkykspdksa dh ekU;rk dsfo#n~èk cSBrk gS ftUgksaus vdfork dh bu izofRr;ksadks izeq[k ekudj bl vkanksyu vkSj blds izHkko essafy[kh xbZ dfork (vkSj dgkuh dks Hkh) fljs ls gh[kkfjt dj fn;kA fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj us rks ¶vLohÑrfn'kk dh jpukvksa dks ,d vksj foÑfr rFkk nwljhvksj ?kf.kr v'yhyrk ls furkar vyx¸ (ogh] i-16) j[kus dh fgek;r dh gSA ysfdu] lkFk gh mUgksausbl ckr ij Hkh cy fn;k gS fd ¶oLrq&lRrk dhrh{.k] izR;{k vuqHkwfr ^?kfV;k* ugha gksrh] cfYd og

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32 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

µ 99] dknacjh] lsDVj 9] jksfg.kh] fnYyh&110085

qqq

nf"Vdks.k ttZj vkSj ?kfV;k gksrk gS tks nkf;Roghu^nnZ* ds dadky dks mBk, fiQjrk gS] tks var%rRoksa dsuoNk;koknh nkos djrk gS vkSj tks ;FkkFkZ orZeku dsfoKku&;qx esa ^èkwi dh xksjS;ksa* vkSj cky&lqyHkxqM~Ms&xqfM+;ksa dh cpdkuh ekuoh;rk dk [kks[kykLokax Hkjrk gh tkrk gS] vkSj og nf"Vdks.k HkhrRoghu gS tks vius lanHkks± dks ugha igpkurk rFkkvius ifjos'k ls dVs jgdj ^dkÝdk* vkSj ^dkew* dhvuqdj.ktU; jpuk,¡ uohurk ds uke ij djrk gSA¸(ogh] i`- 16)

bl yacs mn~èkj.k dks mn~èk`r djus dk mn~ns';fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj ds oSKkfud nf"Vdks.k rFkk Hkkjrh;ifjn'; dh iM+rky djuk Hkh gSA lp rks ;g gS fdfganh dfork esa fln~èkkar ds Lrj ij oSKkfud nf"Vdks.kdh ckr lcls igys fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj us gh mBkbZFkhA tc ;g Lohdkj fd;k tkus yxk fd dfork dkmn~ns'; vkneh dk vius ;FkkFkZ vkSj ,sfrgkfldfu;fr ls lk{kkRdkj] izÑfr] ifjos'k] lkekftd voLFkkrFkk varjax Hkkouk ds chp u;k vFkZiw.kZ lkeatL;LFkkfir djuk Hkh gS] rks fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj us cnysgq, ifjizs{; esa mHkjs u, iz'uksa vkSj izfrekuksa dksyf{kr djrs gq, vkèkqfud vkSj oSKkfud nf"Vdks.k dhckr lkeus j[khA blls ,d vkSj ladsr Hkh feyrk gSfd fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj vius nkSj dh dfork esa vkèkqfudrkvkSj oSKkfudrk ds vkèkkj ij ,d u, dfork&laLdkjdh vko';drk ij cy ns jgs gSaA bl u, n`f"Vdks.kdks mudh viuh dfork ds lanHkZ esa Hkh js[kkafdrfd;k tk ldrk gSA mudh 1941 esa jfpr dfork^,f'k;k dk tkxj.k* ij utj Mkysa rks igyh utj esayxrk gS fd ;g jk"Vªh; èkkjk dh dfork gS D;ksafd;g Hkkjrh; Lora=krk vkanksyu ls lhèks tqM+h gqbZ gSAysfdu] bl dfork dh [kwch ;g gS fd ;g 'kh?kz ghladh.kZ nSf'kd lhekvksa vkSj ijaijkxr jk"Vªoknh ekufldrkdk vfrØe.k djds varjjk"Vªh; fLFkfr;ksa dh vksjladsr djrs gq, iwjs egkn~ohi vkSj izdkjkarj ls fo'ods vusd ns'kksa esa py jgs eqfDr la?k"kks± ls tqM+ tkrh

gaS vkSj mls ,d fo'kky i+Qyd izkIr gks tkrk gSAdfork us vU; ns'kksa dh vkarfjd O;oLFkkvksa] jktuSfrdifjfLFkfr;ksa] lH;rk ds Lrjksa vkSj laLÑfr;ksa dks Hkysgh foLrkj ls u Nqvk gks] ysfdu mlus mu vlhevkdka{kkvksa] ;wjksi dh lkezkT;oknh rkdrksa ds fojksèk esaLoj mBk dj rFkk ;qn~èk&fojksèkh vkSj 'kkardkeh n'kZudks gekjs lkeus vo'; j[kk gSA gesa ;g ;kn j[kukpkfg, fd bl dfork dh jpuk ds ckn Hkkjr] phu]lhyksu (Jhyadk)] cekZ (E;kaekj)] fgan&phu vkfnns'kksa us ,d&ds&ckn&,d Lora=krk gkfly dh FkhAekFkqj us ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa dh lH;rkvksa vkSj laLÑfr;ksadh ,sfrgkfld xfjek dh vksj ladsr djrs gq, Hkhml xkSjo&xkFkk dks vius le; ij gkoh ugha gksusfn;k oju~ mlds ekè;e ls ,d vkèkqfud vkSj oSKkfudnf"Vdks.k izLrqr fd;k gSA blfy, bl dfork dks urks iqjkxkeh dgk tk ldrk gS vkSj u bls jk"Vªh;dfork&èkkjk dh mn~cksèku dforkvksa dh Js.kh esa j[kktk ldrk gSA ,slh dforkvks a ds fy, 'kk;n^eqfDr&dfork* tSlh fdlh laKk dh ryk'k djuhgksxhA

fxfjtkdqekj ekFkqj ds dkO; esa bfrgkl&cksèkvkSj oSKkfud nf"Vdks.k dh foLrkj ls ppkZ vfuok;Zfcanqvksa ds :i esa ns[kh tkuh pkfg,A ^rkj&lIrd* dsckn fganh esa gq, dkO;&vkanksyuksa dk fgLlk Hkys ghmUgsa u ekuk tk,] ysfdu mudh dfork,¡ mu nkSjksa dhckuxh vo'; izLrqr djrh gSaA ,d nkSj esa rks bfrgkldks vkèkkj cukdj vusd dforkvksa dh jpuk gqbZ FkhALo;a ekFkqj us dbZ yach dfork,¡ fy[kh] tks mudsbfrgkl&cksèk dh ldkjkRed rLohj izLrqr djrh gSaA^,d vèkuaxk vkneh*] ^vkus okys vkanyhcksa ds fy,*]bfrgkl dh ”kjkZgksa ls* ,slh dfork,¡ gS] tks bfrgkldks ¶,d fu%lax okLrfodrk ls ns[kus dh dksf'k'k gS]ysfdu lkFk gh blesa lkrosa n'kd dh reke folaxfr;k¡(;fn ifjoZruksa dks ;g laKk nh tk lds) vkSjfoMacukvksa dh nqfu;k ekStwn gS ;kuh ;s dfork,¡ ,drjg ls orZeku ij dfo&nf"V dk tk;”kk nsrh gSaA¸

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 33

fganh ds dkO; fodkl esa tqM+k gkbdq& ,d u;k vk;ke

MkW- banznso Hkksyk banzukFk

nh vkt fo'o dh izeq[k Hkk"kkvksa esa viuk LFkku cuk pqdh gSA fo'o esa cksyh tkusokyh Hkk"kkvksa esa izFke o n~forh; LFkku ij fxuh tkrhgS vkSj lkfgfR;d nf"V ls Hkh fganh dks fo'o lkfgR;esa mPpLrjh; xkSjo'kkyh LFkku izkIr gSA lkfgfR;dfoèkkvksa tSls dfork] dgkuh] miU;kl] ukVd] bfrgklds mPp Lrjh; ys[ku esa iz;kZIr lkfgR; miyCèk gSAfganh Hkk"kk] lkfgR; o lkfgfR;d foèkkvksa esa cgqr'kksèkijd dk;Z gq, gSa vkSj gksrs tk jgs gSaA bl fn'kkesa gesa xoZ gS fd ek=k fganh Hkk"kh yksx gh ugha] xSjfganh Hkk"kh yksx Hkh fganh dks fny ls yxk, gq, gSa] osfganh ds fodkl esa vnE; lkgl fn[kk jgs gSa vkSjmYys[kuh; ltukRed ys[ku dk;Z dj jgs gSaA lpeqp,d Hkk"kk fliQZ ,d tkfr rd lhfer ugha jgrh gaS]og lkoZHkkSe Hkk"kk gks tkrh gSA

iz'u mBrk gS fd D;k Hkkjrh; lkfgR;dkjvaxzsth lkfgR; ls izHkkfor gksdj lkfgR; ltu dsfy, izsfjr ugha gq,\ D;ksa ugha] 'ksDlih;j] feYVu]cukZMZ'kkW vkfn lkfgR;dkj mudh izsj.kk ds lzksr jgsA;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd fganh lkfgR; o ys[ku dkvuqdj.k vU; Hkkf"k;ksa dh vusd lkfgfR;d foèkkvksadk xSj Hkk"kkvksa esa vuqokn gqvk vkSj izsepan] iar]fnudj] egknsoh oekZ] gfjoa'kjk; cPpu vkfn dhjpukvksa dks u fliQZ ljkgk x;k cfYd muls izsj.kkikdj jpuk,¡ djus esa os l{ke gq,A lkfgfR;djpukvksa esa fopkjksa ds vknku&iznku ls ykHk gqvk gSA

fga vkt bl cgqvk;keh l`tukRed lkfgfR;dfodkl esa dbZ ubZ foèkk,¡ tksM+h tk jgh gSaA orZeku;qx ds oSKkfud o VsDuksyksth ds nkSj esa rduhdhjpuk,¡ lkfgR; esa u;k f{kfrt iznf'kZr dj jgh gSaAi=kdkfjrk] tulapkj] jsfM;ks] Vh-oh- Hkh ,d izdkj lslkfgR; ds fodkl esa vge~ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSaA ,slsgh fganh lkfgR; ds cgqvk;keh fodkl esa ^gkbdq* vktqM+k gSA

igys ;g tku ysuk vko';d gS fd vkf[kjgkbdq gS D;k\ gkbdq ewyr% tkikuh dfork dk ,ddkO; :i gS ;k dgsaxs fd gkbdq tkikuh dkO; ys[kudh ,d 'kSyh gSA og ,d eqDrd dkO; izdkj gSA bldkO; dh rhu dkO; 'kSfy;k¡ gSaA rksdk] lsnksdk vkSjpksdkA rksdk esa 5 iafDr;k¡ gksrh gSa vkSj v{kjksa dhla[;k de ls de 5] 7] 5] 7] 7 gksrh gSaA lsnksdkesa 6 iafDr;k¡ gksrh gSa vkSj iafDr;ksa esa v{kj&Øe 5]7] 7] 5] 7] 7] gksrk gSA pkSdk vFkkZr~ yach dforkAblesa iafDr;ksa dh la[;k fuf'pr ugha gksrhA iafDr;ksaesa v{kjØe 5] 7] 5] 7 dk gksrk gSA tkikuh esa^gkbdq* f'kYi 5] 7] 5 v{kjksa ds Øeokyh] 17v{kjh vrqdkar f=kinh jpuk vfèkd izpfyr gSA blsLoklh dkO; Hkh dgk x;k gSA

izkjafHkd jsaxk dky esa 5] 7] 5 v{kjksa esa f=kinhjpuk,¡ dh xb± vkSj mls ^gkbdkbZ* dh laKk feyhAèkhjs&èkhjs gksDdw vkSj gkbdkbZ jsaxk ds caèku ls eqDrgksdj gkbdq* dh laKk ds lkFk ,d Lora=k dkO;&'kSyh

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34 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

esa izpfyr gks x;kA oLrqr% tkikuh dfork ,d egRoiw.kZfoèkk ds :i esa mHkj dj vkbZA

gkbdq jpuk dksbZ uohu foèkk ugha gSA ;g cgqriqjkuh jpuk gSA bldk izknqHkkZo lksygoha lnh esa gqvkFkkA ewy jpukdkj tkikuh dfo FksA tkiku ds ;s pkjizeq[k gkbdqdkj gq, gSa& 1- erlql ck'kks 2- ;kslkcw'ku 3- dkscs;klh bLlk vkSj 4- f'kfdA ;s gkbdq dsLraHk ekus tkrs gSaA ck'kks fo[;kr lar FksA muds n~okjklu~ 1644 ls 1694 ds le; esa gkbdq jpuk dh'kq#vkr gqbZA vius ns'k ds Hkze.k ds nkSjku mUgksausgkbdq fy[ks vkSj turk esa blds ekè;e ls laidZj[kkA ;kslk cw'ku lu~ 1716&1789 ds le; esa gkbdqijaijk dks vkxs c<+kus okys nwljs lq;ksX; dfo gq,Adkscs;klh bLlk (1762&1826) esa rhljs dfo gq,ftudk O;fDrxr thou cgqr d"Ve; jgk vkSj vusdrukoksa ds chp bUgksaus gkbdq fy[ksA vkSj pkSFks gkbdqdkjf'kfd gq,A

tkiku ds dfo;ksa dh ;g laosnu'khy dkO;foèkk lân; ikBdksa ds eu&efLr"d dks Nw xbZAfo"k; dh nf"V ls tkikuh ijaijk ds vuqlkj& ½rq]vkdk'k] èkjrh] nsork] thou n'kZu] euq";] isM+] i{kh]ouLifr vkfnA tc vkdk'k fo"k; dgrs gSa rks blesapanz] lw;Z] fge] es?k] o"kkZ] dksgjk vkfn gSa vkSj tcèkjrh fo"k; dgrs gSa rks blesa ioZr] unh] lkxj] [ksr]o{k] izÑfr vkfn gSaA ½rq dk gkbdq ds lkFk xgjklacaèk gSA tkiku esa gkbdq esa ½rq ladsr dk ,ddkj.k ;g Hkh Fkk fd gkbdqdkjksa ls ;g vis{kk dhtkrh Fkh fd ftl ½rq esa gkbdq fy[ksa] mldk ladsr½rq esa djsaA

tkiku esa gkbdq bruk yksdfiz; gqvk fd ogk¡50 ekfld gkbdq if=kdk,¡ fudyus yxhaA gkbdqdkjyksx feyrs vkSj gkbdq dfork izfr;ksfxrkvksa esavius&vius gkbdq lqukrs vkSj vkuan ysrsA gkbdqdfork thoar gks xbZA

baXySaM vkSj Hkkjr esa gkbdqgkbdq tkikuh Hkk"kk esa fy[kk tkrk FkkA tc

mldh yksdfiz;rk c<+h rks vaxzsth o vU; Hkk"kkvksa esavuqokn gksus yxk vkSj ekSfyd jpuk,¡ Hkh gksus yxhaA

gkbdq jpuk dbZ ns'kksa esa gksus yxh vkSj yksdfiz;rkgkfly dhA yanu esa ^fo'o gkbdq* Dyc LFkkfirgqvk vkSj o"kks± ls py jgk gS vkSj ^fo'o gkbdqmRlo* vk;ksftr gksrk jgk ftlesa ns'k&fons'k dsgkbdqdkj Hkkx ysus vkrs vkSj vius Lojfpr gkbdqlqukdj Jksrkvksa dks eqXèk dj nsrs vkSj izfln~fèk ikrsAgkbdq esa ek=k dfork gh ugha xhr Hkh fy[ks tkrs gSavkSj Dyc esa xkdj e”kk ysus dh ifjikVh lh cu xbZgSA

gkbdq jpuk Hkkjr esa Hkh gksus yxh vkSj fganh esaHkh Lrjh; gkbdq fy[ks tkus yxsA tkikuh ^gkbdq*f'kYi ds 5] 7] 5 v{kjksa ds Øekoyh 17 v{kjksa dkv{kjh; vrqdkar f=kinh jpuk dks gh fganh ds gkbdqdkjksaus Lohdkjk gSA mldh ewy izsj.kk vkè;kfRed jgh gSA;g thou vkSj izÑfr] y{k.kk vkSj O;atuk ds dF;dks izdV djrk gSA mlesa vkn'kZ vkSj :ekuh Hkkouk,¡Hkh feyrh gSaA gkbdq ys[ku ds lacaèk esa ihNs geusladsr dj fn;k gS fd 5] 7] 5 v{kjksa ds Øe esaf=kinh dkO; jpuk djuh iM+rh gS vFkkZr~ igyh iafDresa 5 v{kj] nwljh iafDr esa 7 v{kj vkSj rhljh iafDresa 5 v{kj gksrs gSaA dqy ¾ 17 v{kj gksrs gSaA ;kn jgsfd gkbdq esa vkèks v{kjksa vkSj ek=kkvksa dh fxurh ughagksrhA

mnkgj.k&vks<+s diQu ¾ 5 v{kjvkrad gks niQu ¾ 7 v{kjlnk loZnk ¾ 5 v{kjdqy ¾ 17 v{kj>wB dk flDdk ¾ 5 v{kjlPpkbZ dh eaMh esa ¾ 7 v{kjvfLrRo iQhdk ¾ 17 v{kjgkbdq pan 'kCnksa esa cM+h&cM+h] xqg~; ;k xw<+ ckrsa

dg nsus dh {kerk j[krk gSA ns[kus esa gkbdq NksVk gksrkgS ij mldk fy[kuk mruk vklku ughaA 17 v{kjksadks 5] 7] 5 ds Øe esa fy[kuk] mlds mi;qDr 'kCnp;u] Hkko fufgr djuk lpeqp tfVy gksrk gSA 'kCnksadh idM+ vkSj Hkko dks lekfgr djus esa {kerk u gksusls gkbdq y?kqre jpuk gksus ij Hkh ugha fy[kk tk

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 35

ldrkA vuko';d o vuqi;qDr 'kCnksa dk iz;ksxgkbdq ds fy, loZFkk oftZr gSA gkbdq jpuk esaviokn dks Hkh Lohdkjk x;k gS vFkkZr~ dHkh dkO; dhetcwjh gks rks Úse ls fpids u jgdj ,d nks v{kjvfèkd o de iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA

Hkkjr esa fganh esa gkbdq fy[kus dk izpyu gqvkAlu~ 1982 ds vklikl Hkkjr esa gkbdq Dyc dhLFkkiuk gqbZ vkSj mlds n~okjk gkbdq i=k& ^'kCnk.kq*'kh"kZd ls mlds izdk'ku dk Jh x.ks'k gqvkA gkbdqys[ku ds {ks=k esa dbZ fganh gkbdqdkjksa dk inkiZ.k gqvkvkSj vc rks Hkkjrh; fganh lkfgR; ds fodkl esa ,dnenkj foèkk gkbdq tqM+ x;k gSA Hkkjr esa dbZ gkbdqdkjgSa tks l'kDr gkbdq fy[kus esa l{ke gSa vkSj mudhgkbdq iqLrdsa izdkf'kr gqbZ gSaA

gkbdq ;n~;fi lksygoha lnh ls fy[kk tk jgk gSij fganh dh dfork ys[ku dh 'kSyh ls dqN fHkUugksus ls vkSj mldk mn~Hko tkiku esa gksus ls mldkizpyu vHkh rd dbZ ns'kksa esa ugha gqvk gSA [kqnekWjh'kl esa gh gkbdq dk izpyu ugha gqvk gSA ijvpjt dh ckr rks ;g gS fd ekWjh'kl ds dfo MkW-banznso Hkksyk banzukFk us fo'o dk igyk gkbdq egkdkO;^xkxj esa lkxj* 'kh"kZd ls izdkf'kr fd;k gS ftlesabuds fy[ks 2]244 gkbdq Nis gSaA ;g dSls laHkogqvk\ banzukFk th us iqLrd ds izkDdFku esa fy[kk gS&

dbZ ns'kksa esa vHkh gkbdq igq¡pk ugha gSA [kqnekWjh'kl ds dbZ ikBd iwNrs gSa& gkbdq D;k gS\ekWjh'kl esa gkbdq dk izpyu vHkh ugha gqvk gSA [kqneSa gh gkbdq ys[ku ls ifjfpr ugha FkkA eSaus Hkkjr dhnks&rhu if=kdkvksa esa izdkf'kr gkbdq dfork,¡ i<+h FkhaAvfr y?kq jpuk gksus ls esjs fnekx esa gkbdq fy[kus dkfopkj mRiUu gqvk vkSj iz;kl djds dqN gkbdqfy[ksA oLrqr% gkbdq ys[ku ds izfreku] fofèk foèkkuls eSa vufHkK FkkA tks gkbdq eSaus fy[ks Fks gkbdq ys[kuf'kYi ds vuq:i ugha FksA eSaus Hkkjr ds ,d gkbdqdkjls gkbdq dh f'kYi 'kSyh dh tkudkjh izkIr djus dhlgk;rk ekaxhA mudh lgk;rk ls eSa gkbdq ys[kuf'kYi ls voxr gqvk vkSj brus <sj lkjs gkbdq fy[kMkysA

esjs gkbdq egkdkO; ^xkxj esa lkxj* dh Hkwfedkesa MkW- gsejkt lqanj] vè;{k izdk'ku foHkkx] egkRekxkaèkh laLFkku] ekWjh'kl us fy[kk gS& ¶ekWjh'kl esa blle; gkbdq dfork dk izpyu ugha gS vkSj u gh ;gk¡ds vfèkdka'k dfo blds ys[ku f'kYi ls voxr gSaAg"kZ dh ckr gS fd banznso Hkksyk banzukFk ekWjh'kl dsfganh lkfgR; esa gkbdq tSlh uohu foèkk dks ,d u;kvk;ke nsrs gq, lfØ;rk ls bls tksM+ jgs gSaA 2]244gkbdqvksa dh jpuk djds mls gkbdq egkdkO; ds :iesa Nkiuk vius vki esa dhfrZeku gSA eSa ekurk gw¡ fdbanznso Hkksyk th dh ;g igy ekWjh'kl ds fganhlkfgR; ds xkSjo dh ifjpkf;dk gS tks vkus okysgkbdqdkjksa dk ekxZn'kZu djsxhA¸

gkWysaM esa clh lqizfln~èk dof;=kh izks- (MkW-)iqf"irk voLFkh us fy[kk gS& ¶ekWjh'kl ds Jh banznsoHkksyk banzukFk th fganw euh"kk vkSj fganh izKk dkthrk&tkxrk izrhd gSaA fganh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; dsfy, lefiZr banznso th xn~; vkSj in~; nksuksa esalekfèkdkj ls Lrjh; jpuk,¡ djus okys ekWjh'kl dsl'kDr lkfgR;dkj gaSA ,sls deZB lkfgR; vkSj fganhHkk"kk ds lkèkd banznso Hkksyk banzukFk ds n~okjk gkbdqfy[ks x, gSa ftuesa laosnuk vkSj fopkj dh l?kuvfHkO;fDr gS ftldk dkj.k gkbdq ds ekU;rkizkIrlkaps ls Hkh mudh dFkuh vkxs fudy xbZ gSA banznsoth us 2]244 gkbdqvksa ds cgn :i dh egkdkO; esaltZuk dj fo'o gkbdq dkO; lkfgR; esa dhfrZekuLFkkfir fd;k gSA¸

fo'o fo[;kr ys[kd vkSj leh{kd MkW- deyfd'kksj xks;udk banzukFk Ñr gkbdq egkdkO; dh izfrikdj nax jg x, fd ekWjh'kl ds dfo us brusmRÑ"V gkbdq egkdkO; dk iz.k;u fd;k gS vkSj bruslkjs 2]244 gkbdq! mUgksaus banznso Hkksyk banzukFk dhlkfgR; lkèkuk dh Hkwfj&Hkwfj iz'kalk dh vkSj fy[kk gSfd ;g egkdkO; Hkkjr ds lkfgR;dkjks a ds ikligq¡puk pkfg, rkfd fons'kksa esa fganh ds cgqvk;kehltukRed ys[ku rFkk ys[ku izfØ;k ls os voxr gksldsaA

qqq

µfl;ksu iQhYM jksM] jsofj M~;w jsaiVZ] ekWjh'kl

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36 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

jk"Vªh; vkanksyu vkSj fganh i=kdkfjrkMkW- ,e- 'ks"ku~

fV'k 'kkld tc viuh lRrk dks Hkkjr esa lqfLFkj djus ds iz;ksx esa yxs jgs] yxHkxmlh le; Hkkjr esa Nkis[kkus dk vkxeu gqvk vkSjv[kckjksa dk izdk'ku 'kq: gqvkA bZLVbafM;k daiuh usviuh idM+ etcwr djus ds mn~ns'; ls izsl dsvkxeu dk Lokxr fd;kA izsl esa mu fnuksa ftl rjgdh [kcjas Nirh Fkha] mudks jksdus ds fy, daiuh dkslsaljf'ki dk lgkjk ysuk iM+kA bl rjg lRrk vkSjizsl ds chp Vdjko 'kq: gqvkA

caxky Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk dh gh ugha] fganhi=kdkfjrk dh Hkh tUeHkwfe vkSj mnxz lkèkuk&LFkyhjgk gSA Lons'kh i=kdkfjrk ds vkfn iq#"k] jktk jkeeksgujk; us Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk ds txr esa mlh le;inkZi.k fd;kA jk; lkgc us 'kq#vkr Hkkjrh; laregkRekvksa dh rjg èkeZ vkSj lekt lqèkkjd ds :i esadhA vius vkanksyu dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, mUgksausvaxzsth ckaXyk vkSj iQkjlh esa i=kksa dk izdk'ku 'kq:fd;kA vius i=kksa ds ekè;e ls lkekU; turk rdigq¡pus dk iz;Ru djrs FksA os izsl dh vktknh dk ;geryc yxkrs Fks fd ;g lPpkbZ dks [kkstus dhvktknh gSA jk; lkgc us vius lekt lqèkkj vkanksyudks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, izsl dh vktknh ij tks tksjfn;k mldk mn~ns'; elhgh èkeZ dh ck<+ ls fganw èkeZdks Mwcus ls cpkuk FkkA blesa os liQy gq,A

gkyk¡fd 1957 dh Økafr ds igys vkSj mldsckn Hkh Hkkjrh;ksa us lekpkj i=kksa dk izdk'ku vkjaHk

fcz dj fn;k Fkk] ij mudh vihy eq[; :i ls lektlqèkkj FkhA èkhjs&èkhjs lekpkj i=kksa us tq>k:iu dkifjp; nsuk 'kq: fd;kA ;gh og le; Fkk tc fganhizns'k esa Hkkjrsanq gfj'panz us ¶futHkk"kk mUufr vgS]lc mUufr dks ewy¸ dk ukjk cqyan fd;k FkkAmUuhloha 'krh ds bl Hkkx esa egknso xksfoan jkukMs]xksiky Ñ".k xks[kys] dk'khukFk=;acd rSyaxs] ckyxaxkèkjfryd vkfn egkiq#"k Hkkjr ds lkekftd] jktuSfrdeap ij vk,A os lekt lqèkkj ds lkFk jktuhfr dhckr djrs FksA

bu usrkvks a ls izsj.kk ysdj vjfoan ?kks"k us^oansekrje~* ds laiknu ds :i esa ^lfou; voKk* dsn'kZu dk izfriknu fd;kA xkaèkh th ds djhc 20 o"kZiwoZ vfgalkRed ^lfou; voKk* ds n'kZu dks vjfoan?kks"k us izfrikfnr fd;k FkkA blh Hkk¡fr fryd us^dsljh* if=kdk ds ekè;e ls tutkxj.k mRiUu djusdk egr~ iz;kl fd;k FkkA tc fryd] vjfoan vkfnns'k ds nf{k.k if'peh vkSj iwohZ Hkkx esa Lora=krk dhtksr txk jgs Fks rc Lokeh n;kuan ljLorh ns'k dsmRrj vkSj if'pe {ks=k esa lfØ; FksA

Hkkjr esa i=k&if=kdkvksa ds ekè;e ls turk dkstxkus vkSj mls vktknh ds fy, la?k"kZ djus ds fy,ftl rjg rS;kj fd;k og ,d egRoiw.kZ vfHk;ku FkkAns'k ds fj;klrh ujs'k Hkh bl izHkko ls vNwrs ugha jgsAtksèkiqj iztkeaMy ds usrk t;ukjk;.k O;kl ij jktnzksgds dbZ vkjksi yxk, x, vkSj mUgsa Hkkjh dfBukb;ksa ls

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 37

xqtjuk iM+ jgk FkkA bl izdkj Hkkjr ds jktk vkSj jaddh lksp esa ;g cnyko vkdfLed ugha FkkA Hkkjrh;thou dks fn'kk iznku djus okys ys[kdksa] fopkjdksavkSj i=kdkjksa us bls ,d Tokyk dk :i fn;kA

izFke Lora=krk laxzke ds djhc 10 o"kZ cknHkkjrsanq gfj'panz us ^dfo opu lqèkk* dk izdk'kuvkjaHk fd;kA muds lg;ksxh ckyÑ".k HkV~V us 1877esa iz;kx ls ^fganh iznhi* dk izdk'ku vkjaHk fd;kAckyÑ".k HkV~V dks fganh eas jktuSfrd i=kdkfjrk dktud dgk tkrk gSA ^fganh iznhi* dk mn~ns'; Hkh jk"Vªdh lksbZ iM+h lkaLÑfrd] jktuSfrd psruk dks txkukFkkA muds lkS ls vfèkd ys[k vkt Hkh ikBd dksfryfeyk nsrs gaSA

lkezkT;oknh rksi ds izfri{k eas fØ;k'khy vkSjdkyt;h Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk us vius le; dh pqukSrhdk iwjh 'kfDreRrk ls eqdkcyk fd;k FkkA mUgksausvius pfj=k cy vkSj iq"V eukscy ls vaxzsth jkt dsdqÑR; vkSj u'kalrk dk izfrjksèk fd;k FkkA lkezkT;'kkghvfHk'kki ls eqfDr gsrq ml ;qx ds i=kdkj cM+h lscM+h ;kruk >syus dks izLrqr jgrs FksA cM+s ls cM+sizyksHku mUgsa vkn'kZP;qr djus esa foiQy jgsA viusfuth LokFkZ dks rkdij j[kdj viuh izfrHkk'kfDrvkSj thoup;kZ dks ns'keqfDr laxzke esa fu;ksftr djfn;k FkkA mudh Hkwfedk yksduk;d dh Hkwfedk FkhAml ;qx dh i=kdkfjrk blh Hkwfedk ls len~èk FkhAckcwjko fo".kq ijkM+dj] x.ks'k 'kadj fon~;kFkhZ] f'koiwtulgk; tSls izcqn~èk i=kdkjksa us i=kdkj dqy dh èkoyrkdk ckj&ckj rhoz vkxzg izdV fd;k FkkA ml ;qx dsiqjkus i=kdkjksa us vius foosd] lenèk O;fDrRo vkSjpkfjf=kd eukscy ls ml ;qx dh jktuhfr dk fn'kkfunsZ'kfd;k FkkA fons'kh jktlRrk ds izfri{kh dh Hkwfedk esaos vxz.kh FksA lkezkT;oknh u`'kalrk dk ftl n<+rk vkSj;q;qRlq eqnzk esa eqdkcyk djrs Fks] mlh tkx:drk dsvkxzg ls Lons'kh jktusrkvksa dh P;qfr ij fVIi.khdjrs mUgsa ladksp ugha gksrk FkkA egkRek xkaèkh tSlsyksduk;d ij ckcwjko fo".kq ijkM+dj us dM+h fVIi.khdh FkhA

fganh Hkk"kh lekt dh lfØ; fgr&fpark gh fganhi=kdkfjrk dh vkfn izfrKk jghA ml ;qx ds i=kdkj

vktknh dh yMkbZ esa vius fon~;k dkS'ky] pfj=k cyls ns'k ds nqHkkZX; ekspu ds fufeRr cM+h ls cM+hpqukSrh vkSj dM+h ls dM+h ;kruk dk eqdkcyk djusdh lgt izsj.kk ls LiQwrZ Fks igys gh dgk x;k fdi=kdkfjrk lkezkT;oknh 'kfDr ls tw>us dk l'kDrgfFk;kj FkhA tkrh; vfLerk ds mn~èkkj] mUu;u dsfy, vkRecfynku djus ds fy, izLrqr og tekrFkhA fganh i=kdkjksa dh iqjkuh ih<+h dk laLdkj blhdksfV dk Fkk] bldh vksj ladsr djuk ;gk¡ esjkvHkh"V gSA

fganh ds izFke i=k ^mnUr ekrZ.M* dk izdk'kufganqLrkfu;ksa ds fgr dh izsj.kk ls gqvk FkkA mldkladYi Hkh lkezkT;okn dks m[kkM+ iQsadus esa FkkAmldh ;q;qRlqeqnzk ijorhZ dky esa ^Hkkjr fe=k* dslaiknd ,oa Hkkjrsanq ds lg;ksxh ckcw ckyeqdqan xqIrds ys[kuksa esa fn[kkbZ iM+hA iqjkus i=kdkjksa dh ;g n<+èkkj.kk Fkh fd lekpkj i=k iztk dk izfrfufèk Lo:igksrk gSA ;g ,d egr~ izuhfr Fkh ftlds izfr iqjkusi=kdkj lpsr jgrs FksA vfèkd rst Hkk"kk esa dksydkrkds egku fganh i=kdkj ^mfproDrk* ds laikndia- nqxkZizlkn feJ us Hkh vaxzstksa ds vU;k;iw.kZ vkpj.kksads fo#n~èk vkokt mBkbZ vkSj jk"Vªh; izsj.kk dks nhIrdjus okys os iz[kj i=kdkj FksA

;gk¡ ml ;qx ds fganh lekt vkSj tkfr ds izfrHkh FkksM+k ladsr djuk mfpr gksxkA ,d vksj tgk¡fons'kh ljdkj dh vuqnkjrk vkSj neuuhfr Fkh] rksnwljh vksj fganhHkk"kh lekt dh foèkk foghu nhun'kkvkSj ?kksj mnklhurk FkhA ml le; ,dek=k 'kfDr Fkhviuh jk"Vªh; izsj.kkA tksf[ke ls f?kjh i=kksa dh ftEesnkjhFkh ftls lkèkuk n~okjk] fuHkhZd ok.kh ds ekè;e lsHkkjrh; i=kdkjksa dh vrhr ih<+h us& yksdekU; fryd]fofiu panziky] ykyk yktir jk;] vjfoan ?kks"k]lqjsanzukFk cSuthZ] dLrwfj jax vÕ;j] egkeuk enueksguekyoh;] egkRek xkaèkh] lnkuan feJ] ckyeqdqan xqIr]l[kkjke x.ks'k nsÅLdj] ckcwjko fo".kq ijkM+dj] ekèkojkolizs] vafcdk izlkn oktis;h] jkekuan pVthZ] y{e.kukjk;.k xnsZ] ek[kuyky prqosZnh] x.ks'k 'kadj fon~;kFkhZtSls euh"kh i=kdkjksa us fofèkor iwjk fd;kA okLro esa]ml iqjkus ;qx esa i=kdkj dh Hkwfedk lPps yksduk;d

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38 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

dh Hkwfedk Fkh vkSj mUgsa bldk Li"V cksèk FkkA brukgh ugha] ,d euh"kh lkfgR;dkj dh rjg fn'kkgkjklekt dks visf{kr fn'kk&funsZ'k djuk] ns'k dh fpfrij Nk jgs dqgkls dks viuh nhfIr ls fonh.kZ djuk][kafMr laLÑfr psruk ds mUu;u dh lfØ;rk] {kfrxzLriztk dh izfrHkk ltxrk] orZeku dks lRoj Hkfo"; dhvksj mUeq[k djuk i=kdkj dk 'kh"kZ nkf;Ro gSA blnkf;Ro dks iwjk djrs gekjh iwoZ ih<+h ds i=kdkjksa dkstsy dh vlg~; ;kruk,¡ >syuh iM+h] izk.kkgqfr nsuhiM+hA ;gk¡ ;g dguk lehphu gksxk fd fganh i=kdkfjrkds uhao&fuekZ.k esa dksydkrk dk fo'ks"k vonku jgkgSA

jktkjkeeksgu jk; ls ysdj MkW- jkeeuksgj yksfg;krd vkèkqfud tkrh; fparkèkkjk ds izk;% izR;sd fpardrstLoh i=k dk laiknu&lapkyu djrs jgs gSaA mlhizdkj vkèkqfud fganh lkfgR; ds vfèkdka'k Js"B ys[kddgha u dgha] fdlh u fdlh :i esa i=k&if=kdkvksadh laiknu&O;oLFkk ls laiDr jgs gSa] i=kdkj jgs gSaA;g ijaijk Hkkjrsanq gfj'panz ls 'kq: gksdj lfPpnkuanghjkuan okRL;k;u ^vKs;* vkSj ijorhZ ih<+h ds MkW-èkeZohj Hkkjrh] Jh euksgj ';ke tks'kh vkSj j?kqchjlgk; rd Li"V fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA ;gk¡ ;g Lej.kh;Hkh gS fd dksydkrk ds vfèkdka'k i=kdkj fganh dsJs"B Ñfr lkfgR;dkj vkSj fopkjd ds :i esa foJqrjgs gSaA bruk gh ugha] dksydkrk mu i=kdkjksa vkSjlkfgR;dkjksa dh lkèkuk&LFkyh jgk gS tks fganh Hkk"kklkfgR; dh 'kfDr ds lcwr gSaA vkèkqfud ;qx dsloZJs"B LoPNanrkoknh dfo ia- lw;Zdkar f=kikBh fujkyk]dksydkrk dh fganh i=kdkfjrk dh lkfgfR;d miyfCèkgSaA

;gk¡ ;g nqgjkuk t:jh gksxk fd iqjkuh ih<+h dsfy, i=kdkfjrk ns'k lsok dk l'kDr ekè;e Fkh] ;g,d fe'ku jgkA lekt dk Hkk"kk&laLdkj i=kdkfjrk dkegRoiw.kZ iz;kstu gS ftlds izfr fganh dh iqjkuhi=kdkj ih<+h lpsr Fkh] ltx FkhA fganh ds i=kdkjvkpk;Z egkohj izlkn n~foosnh vkSj ia- ;qxy fd'kksjrd esa Hkk"kk 'kqn~èkrk dk vkxzg vkSj ltxrk FkhA ml;qx ds i=kdkj vusdkusd izfrdwyrk ds ckotwn viusle; dh pqukSrh dk lkeuk djrs FksA ml ;qx ds

lekt dk jktuSfrd laLdkj vfodflr FkkA vKkudh dBksj tehu ls mudh vkLFkk dh yM+kbZ FkhA exjos ml Å¡ps tkrh; vkn'kZ ls izsj.kkLiQwrZ FksA ns'k izsedh izsj.kk ls mUgksaus i=kdkfjrk dh fodV jkg dksviuh ;k=kk ds fy, pquk FkkA vkt rks fLFkfr iwjh rjgcny xbZ gSA ^Hkkjr fe=k* ds ekè;e ls Hkk"kk vkSjO;kdj.k lacaèkh tks fookn [kM+k gqvk mldk Hkh vkt,sfrgkfld egRo gSA vkpk;Z egkohj izlkn n~foosnhvkSj ckcw ckyeqdqan xqIr ds Hkk"kk vkSj O;kdj.k lacaèkhbl la?k"kZ dk ,sfrgkfld egRo bl ckr ls ?kksf"krgksrk gS fd blls ml ;qx ds lHkh ewèkZU; fganhoS;kdj.k] vkpk;Z vkSj iafMrksa us lfØ; Hkkx fy;kFkkA bl if=kdk us fyfi ds iz'u dks Hkh cM+s oSpkfjd<ax ls mBk;k Fkk vkSj Hkkjro"kZ dh lkekU; fyfi ds:i esa nsoukxjh fyfi dh izfr"Bk ds vkdka{kh vkSjlrr mn~;ksxh Lo- tfLVl 'kkjnkpj.k fe=k ds egrmiØe dhA xqIrk th us vius ys[kksa n~okjk iz'kalk vkSjlaiqf"V dh FkhA xqIr th dks tc ge ml ;qx ds Js"Bi=kdkj dgrs gSa rks bldk Li"V vFkZ ;g gS fd mUgsajktuhfr dh uCt dh lgh igpku Fkh] Hkk"kk ijvlkèkkj.k vfèkdkj FkkA os fganh ds vizfre 'kSyhdkjvkSj fof'k"V lkfgR;dkj FksA MkW- Ñ".k fcgkjh feJ thds 'kCnksa esa fganh i=kdkfjrk esa xqIr dh HkwfedklO;lkph dh Hkwfedk FkhA blh lgt ns'k izse dhizsj.kk ls Hkkjrsanq gfj'panz] izrki ukjk;.k feJ] ckyÑ".kHkV~V] ckyeqdqan xqIr] vkpk;Z egkohj izlkn n~foosnhus i=kdkfjrk vkSj lkfgR; ds {ks=k esa cM+h lkèkuk dhFkhA bl ijaijk dks ijorhZdky esa vafcdk izlknoktis;h] ckcwjke fo".kq ijkM+dj] vkpk;Z f'koiwtulgk; vkSj vKs; dh i=kdkfjrk us fof'k"V len~fèknhA i=kdkfjrk ds ekè;e ls Hkk"kk laLdkj ds mUu;uesa iqjkuh ih<+h ds ckn vKs; dh Hkwfedk lclsegRoiw.kZ jgh gSA Hkk"kk lacaèkh vKs; dh nf"V ckyeqdqanxqIr ds vkn'kZ ds cgqr fudV FkhA fganh xn~; dsfHkfRr fuekZrkvksa esa xqIr th dk vizfre LFkku gS_fof'k"V 'kSyhdkj ds :i esa Hkh ^Hkkjr fe=k* dslaiknd dh egRrk dks bfrgkl esa vafdr fd;k x;kgSA

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 39

ewY;ksa ds ltx izgjh x.ks'k 'kadj fon~;kFkhZ uscgqr igys dkeuk dh FkhA ^iSls dk eksg vkSj cy dhr".kk Hkkjro"kZ ds fdlh Hkh u, i=kdkj dks Å¡psvkpj.k ds ifo=k vkn'kZ ls cgdus u nsA* nqHkkZX;o'kfon~;kFkhZ dh euksdkeuk iwjh u gqbZ vkSj vkt HkhHkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk vkn'kZ ds Å¡ps èkjkry dks NksM+djO;kolkf;drk ds pVd izyksHkuksa dh fxjÝr esa vkxbZA bl izdkj vius ewy èkeZ vkSj eq[; Hkwfedkyksdlsok laLdkj dh Hkwfedk ls fofPNUu gks xbZAmUgksaus i=kdkfjrk dk lgh vFkZ ,d bZekunkj] yksduk;d dh Hkwfedk ds :i esa ekuk FkkA bl egr~nkf;Ro dks x.ks'k 'kadj fon~;kFkhZ us vius ^izrki* dsekè;e ls iwjk fd;kA ^izrki* chloha 'krkCnh dsiwokZn~èkZ dk dnkfpr vdsyk fganh i=k Fkk ftls oansekrje~^;qxkarj*] ejkBk*] dsljh] Hkkjr fe=k* dh mnxz psrukdk mUuk;d i=k dgk tk ldrk gSA ^izrki* laikndfon~;kFkhZ us vius vkn'kZ thou vkSj Lig.kh; eR;qn~okjk ekuotkfr ds fy, cM+k vkn'kZ mifLFkr fd;kAmudk cfynkuh O;fDrRo egkRek xkaèkh tSls yksduk;dds eu esa bl vkn'kZ eR;q dh jkg ls xqtjus dh Ligktxk x;kA

^deZohj* if=kdk ds laiknd ds :i esa Hkkjrds mn~èkkj ds fy, ek[kuyky prqosZnh dBksj pqukSfr;ksadks lgus ds fy, dfVcn~èk gq,A ^deZohj* fganh vkSjtkrh; psruk dk izeq[k rhFkZ cu x;kA fganh i=kdkfjrkds {ks=k esa dFkk&f'kYih izsepan th ds ;ksxnku dkLej.k mfpr gksxkA

os lkekU; vFkZ esa i=kdkj ugha FksA fdarq i=kdkfjrkls mudk mruk gh fudV lacaèk Fkk ftruk Hkkjrsanq lsysdj èkeZohj Hkkjrh rd izk;% lHkh vxz.kh ys[kdksadk jgk gSA i=kdkfjrk ds txr esa izsepan dksvlqfoèkktud jkg ls ;k=kk djuh iM+hA izsepan dkdFkklalkj Hkkjrh; lekt dks mfpr fn'kk fn[kkdj ubZ'kfDr txk jgk FkkA vius bl tkxj.k vfHk;ku dksvfèkd rhoz cukus ds fy, izsepan dks i=kdkfjrk dhjkg ekfiQd tku iM+hA ^gal*] ^tkxj.k* if=kdk pykusesa mUgsa i=kdkfjrk ds O;kolkf;d i{k dh dfBukb;ksadks gy djuk vklku ugha FkkA ukuk izdkj dhleL;kvksa ls f?kjuk iM+kA izsl [kksydj izsepan us

vla[; leL;kvksa dks U;ksrk ns fn;k FkkA ?kkVk >syrsizsepan ^gal* dks ftyk, tk jgs FksA ^gal* dh j{kk dsfy, os ^tkxj.k* ls tqM+sA vius le; dh jktuhfr]vFkZuhfr vkSj lektuhfr dh uCt ds vpwd ikj[khizsepan us viuh dFkk Ñfr;ksa ds lkFk laikndh; i"Bij lkfgR;srj fo"k;ksa dks mithO; cukdj rst fVIif.k;k¡fy[khaA

var esa] vkt dh O;kolkf;d izyksHkuksa ds vanjukuk izdkj dh pqukSfr;ksa ls orZeku i=kdkfjrk vLr gksxbZ gSA ,d tekus esa fganh gh ugha] Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrkjktuhfr dks fn'kk nsrh FkhA vkt jktuhfr i=kdkfjrkdks vius funsZ'kksa&vkns'kksa ij pyk jgh gSA orZeku ;qxesa vkfFkZd izyksHkuksa n~okjk i=kdkfjrk dh txr dksfxjkus dh ps"Vk py jgh gSA i=kdkfjrk ds jk"Vªh;laLdkj ij O;kolkf;d dq#fp dk vkØe.k cyorhgks x;k gSA i=kdkjksa dh Lora=krk Nhuus dk ljdkjhvfHk;ku 'kq: gks x;k gSA O;fDr Lokra=; dks Nhuusdh ubZ ljdkjh ps"Vk 'kq: gks xbZ gSA i=kks a dhizfrcn~èkrk dk ljdkjh vkxzg rst gks jgk gSA yksdra=kdh vkèkkj f'kyk dks rksM+us dk miØe 'kq: gks x;kgSA nq[k bl ckr dk gS fd blds izfrjksèk dh vkoktugha mB jgh gSA iqjkuh ih<+h esa ijkM+dj th us egkRekxkaèkh tSls O;fDr dks Vksdk FkkA fdarq vkt vfrlkekU;O;fDr dks Hkh Vksdus okyh ltxrk vkSj lkgl ughajg x;k gSA izsj.kk fons'k ls vk;kr gks jgh gS] ifj.kkens'k Hkksx jgk gSA Lons'kh leL;k dk gy ge ik'pkR;yksd esa [kkst jgs gSaA fiNys o"kks± esa èkjrh ekrk dhmnkRr Hkkouk,¡ dqafBr gqbZ gSa] drZO; Hkkouk detksjrks gks xbZ gS ;k VwV jgh gSA fganh Hkk"kh lekt vkSjfganh i=kdkfjrk dk vkt ;g nqHkkZX; gS fd iqjkuhih<+h dh riL;k ds ckotwn fganh lekt esa fganh i=kksads izfr oSlh #fp ugha mRiUu gqbZ tSlh vU; Hkkjrh;Hkk"kkvksa esa ns[kh tkrh gSaA vkt fganh esa ,d Hkh ,slhlkfgfR;d if=kdk ugha ftlesa fganh euh"kk dk lghvkSj lexz izfrfufèkRo gksA viuh bl gkyr dks dsoyjk"VªHkk"kk dk <ksy xys esa yVdk ysus ls ge fonw"kddh Hkwfedk esa igq¡p tk,¡xsA len~fèk ds fy, lrrlkèkuk dh t:jr gksrh gSA fiNys dqN n'kdksa esaesjh ,slh èkkj.kk gS fd Lokra=;ksRrj dky esa i=kdkj

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40 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

vius egr~ nkf;Ro ds izfr lpsr ugha jgs gSaA Å¡phizsj.kk vkSj cMs+ y{; dks ysdj fganh i=kdkfjrk dh tks;k=kk 'kq: gqbZ Fkh og vkt bl n'kk dks igq¡p xbZ gSAbl vèkksUeq[kh ifjn'; dks cnyuk gksxkA Lora=k Hkkjrdh lcls cM+h =kklnh dks js[kkafdr djuk vko';d

gSA vkt fiQj ls i=kdkfjrk dks ewY;ksa dk izgjh cukukgksxk] ewY; cksèk dks ftyk, j[kuk gksxkA ;gh vktgekjh lcls cM+h pqukSrh gSA

qqq

µ ^xq# Ñik*] IykWV 790] MkW- jkekLokeh lykb] ds- ds- uxj (if'pe)] psUubZ&600078

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 41

izxfrokn % Nk;kokn fojksèkh rsojvkpk;Z MkW- ds'kojke 'kekZ

nh&dfork esa ftl izdkj n~foosnh&;qx dh bfro`RrkRedrk ds fojksèkLo:i Nk;kokn dktUe gqvk Fkk] Bhd mlh izdkj Nk;kokn dh thou'kwU;ok;oh dkO;èkkjk dh izfrfØ;k ds :i esa izxfroknhdkO; dk 'kqHkkjaHk gqvkA Nk;koknh dfo vius ;qx dhleL;kvksa ls mnklhu] Lo;a dh lqugyh dYiukvksa esa[kks;s gq,] tc fdlh ok;oh yksd esa fopj.k dj jgsFks] rc ekDlZoknh n'kZu ds vkyksd esa lkekftdpsruk ij vkèkr dkO;] izxfroknh dkO;&èkkjk ds :iesa fuLlr gqvkA Nk;koknh dfo;ksa dh iyk;uoknhrFkk fujk'kkoknh izofRr ds vfrfjDr vusd jk"Vªh;rFkk varjjk"Vªh; ifjfLFkfr;k¡ Hkh bl dkO; dh izsjdjgh gSaA bl le; rd :l dh turk lHkh izdkj dhfolaxfr;ksa rFkk ladVksa ls mcjdj ,d ,slh lkE;oknhO;oLFkk LFkkfir djus esa leFkZ gks pqdh Fkh] ftlesalHkh ds fy, fodkl ds leku volj FksA Hkkjrh;tu&ekul Hkh ,slh gh O;oLFkk ykus ds fy, NViVkjgk Fkk ftl dk izfriQyu izxfroknh lkfgR; ds :iesa gekjs le{k mifLFkr gSA

ns'k dh rRdkyhu vkfFkZd] lkekftd rFkkjktuSfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa us Hkh izxfroknh dfork dsvuqdwy okrkoj.k izLrqr djus esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnkufn;k FkkA fons'kh 'kkldksa ds iz;klksa ds iQyLo:iHkkjr ds yxHkx lHkh mn~;ksx èkaèkksa dk dsanzhdj.k gkspqdk Fkk vkSj gekjk lekt 'kks"kd rFkk 'kksf"kr oxks± ds

fga :i esa c¡Vrk tk jgk FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa lkearokn vkSjiwathokn dh foHkhf"kdkvksa ls =kLr loZgkjk oxZ viusvfLrRo dh yM+kbZ yM+us dks foo'k FkkA ifjfLFkfr;ksads vuqdwy izxfroknh dfo;ksa us fuHkhZd gksdj 'kks"kdoxZ dh fuank rFkk 'kksf"krksa ds mRihM+u vkSj Øanu dksok.kh iznku dhA dkyZekDlZ dh ftl fopkjèkkjk dsiQyLo:i :l esa lkE;oknh lekt dh LFkkiuk gqbZFkh] mldk laiw.kZ fo'o Lokxr dj jgk Fkk ftldsifj.kkeLo:i mifuos'kokfn;ksa rFkk lkezkT;oknh 'kfDr;ksadks izcy vk?kkr igq¡p jgk FkkA lkFk gh] bl lkE;oknhØkafr dh liQyrk us fo'oHkj ds lkfgR;dkjksa dks ,dubZ psruk iznku dh ftlds iQyLo:i ;=k&r=k lektoknhys[kdksa ds laxBu vfLrRo esa vk x,A

vkaXyHkk"kk ds fon~oku ys[kd b- ,e- iQksjsLVjdh vè;{krk esa 1935 bZ- esa isfjl esa ^izksxzsflo jkbZVlZ,lksfl,'ku* dk izFke vfèkos'ku gqvk FkkA blh o"kZHkkjr esa Hkh MkW- eqYdjkt vkuan rFkk lTtkn tghj dsiz;klksa ls y[kuÅ esa ^izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k* dhLFkkiuk gqbZ Fkh] ftldk izFke vfèkos'ku y[kuÅ essa gh1936 bZ- esa izfln~èk miU;kldkj eqa'kh izsepan dhvè;{krk esa laiUu gqvk FkkA bl vfèkos'ku us izxfroknhlkfgR; ds fy, ehy ds iRFkj dk dk;Z fd;kA

izxfroknh dfo;ksa us LFkwy ;FkkFkZ dks gh viusdkO; dk fo"k; cuk;k vkSj lekt dh ihM+k] fo"kerk]vKku rFkk 'kks"kdksa ds neu pØ dk ltho fp=k.k

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42 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

fd;kA bl dkO; dh i"BHkwfe esa dfo;ksa dk ns'kizserFkk mudh jk"Vªh;rk dh Hkkouk loksZifj gSA jkes'oj'kekZ ds 'kCnksa esa & ¶izxfrokn dksbZ okn ugha ojuthou ds izfr ,d LoLFk nf"Vdks.k gS] izxfr'khylkfgR; turk dh ml egku vk'kk] vkdka{kk vkSjdesZ{kk dh vfHkO;atuk gS] lekt vkSj euq"; dhvkfFkZd] jktuSfrd ,oa ckSn~fèkd nklrk ls eqDr gksusdh izsj.kk nsrh gSA¸

fganh ds izk;% lHkh izeq[k dfo;ksa us izxfroknhdkO; dh Jhon~fèk dh gSA jk"Vªdfo fnudj us fgeky;dks lacksfèkr djrs gq, mls txkus dk miØe fd;kgS& uo;qx 'ka[kèofu txk jgh] rw tkx&tkx esjsfo'kkyA blh izdkj bu dh gq¡dkj*] jloarh*] js.kqdk*vkfn jpukvksa esa Hkh izxfrokn dk Loj vusd ckj xwatjgk gSA vkidh ^og rksM+rh iRFkj*] ^u, iRrs*] ^dqdqjeqRrk* vkfn jpukvksa esa ;gh Loj eq[kj gSA dfoojiar dh ^T;ksRLuk* ^;qxkar* rFkk ^;qxok.kh* jpukvksa esaizxfroknh fopkjèkkjk Li"V :i ls ifjyf{kr gSA ;fnckyÑ".k 'kekZ uohu* dfo ls mFky&iqFky epkus dkvkxzg djrs gSa] rks Hkxorh pj.k oekZ ^pjej&pjejpw¡ pjj&ejj tk jgh pyh HkSalk xkM+h* ds ekè;e ls½.kxzLr fdlku rFkk etnwj ds 'kks"k.k dh O;Fkk&dFkkdgrs gSaA

blh izdkj ^iQwy ugha jax cksyrs gSa* esa laxzghr^ek¡>h&ek¡>h u ctkvks oa'kh*] ^olarh gok* vkfndforkvksa esa dsnkjukFk vxzoky dh izxfroknh fopkjèkkjkdh lqanj vfHkO;fDr gqbZ gSA bl dky ds dfo;ksa esackck ukxktqZu dk viuk fof'k"V LFkku gSA lkekftddq:irk] èkkfeZd vaèkfo'okl rFkk dqfRlr jktuhfrvkfn ij vkids O;aX; cgqr gh jkspd rFkk ekfeZd gSaA^;qxèkkjk* ds vfrfjDr ^rqEgkjh narqfjr eqLdku*] flanwjfryfdy Hkky vkfn dfork,¡ bl n`f"Vdks.k ls cgqregRoiw.kZ gSaA jkaxs; jk?ko dk dkO;ladyu ^jkg dsnhid* esa Hkh izxfroknh Loj dh vPNh vfHkO;fDrgSA f=kykspu ds dkO;&ladyu ^feV~Vh dh ckjkr* esalkekftd ;FkkFkZ dk lqanj fp=k.k gSA izxfrokn dsvU; mYys[kuh; dfo;ksa esa MkW- f'koeaxy flag ^lqeu*MkW- jke foykl 'kekZ] eqfDrcksèk] vKs;] ujs'k esgrk]'ke'ksj cgknqj flag] ujsanz 'kekZ vkfn izeq[k gSaA

ftu ifjfLFkfr;ksa us jktuhfr esa lkE;okn ;kekDlZokn dks tUe fn;k] os gh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ lkfgR; esaizxfrokn dh tud gSaA ;n~;fi izxfrokn dks 1936 ls1943 bZ- rd dsoy lkr o"kZ rd gh iQyus&iQwyusdk vodk'k feyk rFkkfi bl ;qx dh Hkkoi{kh; rFkkdyki{kh; vusd ,slh fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa] tks blds vfLrRodks lnSo vEyku j[ksaxhA

izxfrokn dk tUe gh fey&ekfyd] mn~;ksxifr]iwathifr rFkk tehankjksa ls la?k"kZ djus ds fy, gqvk FkkAbl ;qx ds lHkh dfo;ksa us nhu&ghu ihfM+r lektdh nq[kn fLFkfr dk fp=k.k djrs gq,] ml ds fy,mRrjnk;h laiUu oxZ dh HkRlZuk dh gSA bl lanHkZ esajk"Vªifr fnudj dh fuEufyf[kr iafDr;k¡ izLrqr gSa&

'okuksa dks feyrk nwèk] oL=k] Hkw[ks ckyd vdqykrs gSaA

ek¡ dh gM~Mh ls fpiV] fBBqj tkM+ksa dh jkr fcrkrs gSaA

;qorh dh yTtk olu csp] tc C;kt pqdk, tkrs gSaA

fey&ekfyd rsy&iQqysyksa ij] ikuh&lk nzO; cgkrs gSaAA

loZgkjk lekt ds ikl [kksus ds fy, dqN gS ghughaA vr% os fry&frydj tyus ls vPNk ;ghle>rs gSa fd iwathifr;ksa dk fdlh Hkh izdkj fouk'kgks] Hkys gh mlls viuk Hkh vfu"V gks tk,A 'kks"kdoxZ ds lewy fouk'k ds fy, bUgsa loZuk'k Hkh vHkh"VgSA uohu ;fn& ¶dfo dqN ,slh rku lqukvks ftllsmFky&iqFky ep tk,¸ dh dkeuk djrs gSa] rks iar,d vkSj dne vkxs c<+dj dks;y ls fourh djrsgSa&

xk] dksfdy] cjkrk ikod d.ku"V&Hkz"V gks th.kZ iqjkru]èoal Hkz"V tx ds tM+ caèkuAikod ix èkj vkos uwrugks iYyfor uo ekuoiuAizxfroknh dkO; us fo'o ds lHkh 'kksf"kr izkf.k;ksa

dks ok.kh iznku dh gSA ;gk¡ dsoy nks gh oxZ gSa&'kks"kd oxZ rFkk 'kksf"kr oxZA 'kksf"kr lgkuqHkwfr dk ik=k

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 43

gSA Hkys gh og fganw] eqlyeku] fl[k] bZlkbZ dksbZ HkhD;ksa u gksA lerk dh Hkkouk ds izfr ujsanz 'kekZ dsfopkj izLrqr gSa&

tkus dc rd ?kko Hkjsaxs] bl ?kk;y ekuork dsAtkus dc rd lPps gksaxs] lius lcdh lerk dsAA;s lHkh dfo Je ds mikld gSaA fdlku rFkk

etnwj nksuksa gh Jethoh gSa vkSj nksuksa ds izfr lHkhdfo;ksa dh lgkuqHkwfr fo'ks"k gSA xzkE; thou vkt Hkhd"Vksa ls Hkjk gqvk gS] ml le; dh rks ckr gh dqNvkSj FkhA ekuo dks lqanjre dgus okys dfo iarviuh ^xzkE;k* jpuk esa fujk'k gksdj dg mBrs gSa&

;g rks ekuo&yksd ugha js] ;g gS ujd vifjfprA;gk¡ vdsyk ekuo gh js] fpj fo"k..k] thoUerA'kksf"kr oxZ esa Hkh] iq#"kksa dh vis{kk ukjh dh

fLFkfr vfèkd n;uh; gSA Hkys gh mlds uke ds lkFk^nsoh* 'kCn dk iz;ksx djds mls vknj ls lacksfèkrfd;k tk,] fdarq jgh gS og ;qx&;qx ls nklh ghA ukjhdh bl fLFkfr ls f[kUu gksdj izxfroknh dfo iariqdkj mBrs gSa&

¶;ksfu ugha gS js ukjh] og Hkh ekuoh izfrf"BrAmls iw.kZ Lokèkhu djks] og jgs u uj ij vkfJrAA¸'kksf"kr&ihfM+r ekuo ds dY;k.k dh dkeuk dks

ysdj izxfroknh dfo vxzlj gq, gSaA ihfM+rksa dhodkyr djuk budk izFke y{; gSA 'kksf"kr&oxZ dhnhu&ghu n'kk ij vk¡lw cgkrs gq, dfooj ^vapy*dgrs gSa&

;g uLy ftls dgrs ekuo] dhM+ksa ls vkt xbZchrhA

cq> tkrh rks vk'p;Z u Fkk] gSjr gS ij dSls thrhAA

vkt ds la?k"kZiw.kZ ;qx esa lHkh ds lkeus vusdtfVy leL;k,¡ gSaA izxfroknh dfo dks lekt ds dVqlR;ksa dh mis{kk djds ,s'o;Z rFkk foykl dh iz'kalkdjuk dnkfi vHkh"V ugha gSA lalkj dh lkr vk'p;ZtudoLrqvksa esa ls ,d rktegy dks ns[kdj dfooj iardk fparu fdl fn'kk esa tkrk gS] bldh ,d >ydnsf[k,&

gk;] eR;q dk ,slk vej vikfFkZo iwtuAtc fo"k..k futhZo iM+k gks tx dk thouAA'ko dks nsa ge :i&jax thfor ekuo dkAvkSj ekuo dks dqfRlr fp=k cuk ns Hko dkAAlkE;okn izxfrokn dk ewy gSA fganh dk izxfroknh

lkfgR; lkE;okn ls lokZfèkd izsj.kk xzg.k djrk gSAvr% ogk¡ dh yky lsuk dh iz'kalk djrs gq, dfoojlqeu dgrs gSa&

;qxksa dh lM+h :f<+;ksa dks dqpyrh]ygj dh ygj ls lnk gh epyrh]v¡èksjh fu'kk esa e'kkyksa&lh tyrh]pyh vk jgh gS c<+rh yky lsukAizxfroknh dkO; LFkwy ;FkkFkZ ij vkèk`r gSA vr%

bu dfo;ksa us dq:irk dk fp=k.k djus esa Hkh ladkspugha fd;kA fHk{kqvksa dh ,d >yd izLrqr gS&

fpFkM+ksa esa ls nqx±èk dM+hjksxksa ls mudh nsg lM+hAmuds eq[k ls Hkh NwV jghdyqf"kr opuksa dh ,d >M+hAALFkwy ;FkkFkZ dk fu"i{k rFkk ;FkkrF; fp=k.k

djus dh Hkkouk ls vfHkHkwr izxfroknh dfo;ksa usdgha&dgha dq:irk] v'yhyrk rFkk uXurk dk ,slkfp=k.k izLrqr dj fn;k gS tks lkfgR; ds uke ijdyad&lk izrhr gksrk gSA bu lkfgR;dkjksa us ekSf[kdlgkuqHkwfr ls 'kksf"kr oxZ dks txkus dk iz;kl rks fd;kgS] fdarq pkgdj Hkh ;s mudk dksbZ fgr&lkèku ughadj ldsA gekjs lkfgR; esa ^lR;e~*] ^f'koe~* rFkk^lqanje* ij cy fn;k x;k gS] fdarq [ksn gS fd bllkfgR; esa dfo;ksa dk ,dek=k vkèkkj ^lR;e~* gh jgx;k gS] tks mlds vèkwjsiu dk n~;ksrd gSA

izxfrokn dh fLFkfr ij izdk'k Mkyrs gq,MkW- uxsanz dgrs gSa& ¶Hkkjr esa izxfrokn dk Hkfo";lkE;okn ds lkFk c¡èkk gqvk gS] ysfdu fiQj Hkhvkèkqfud dkO; ds vè;srk dks vknj vkSj èkS;iwoZdbl dk vè;;u djuk gksxkA blus fganh dkO; dks,d thoar psruk iznku dh gS] bldk fu"ksèk ugha fd;ktk ldrkA¸

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44 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

oLrqr% izxfroknh lkfgR; fganh dkO;kdk'k esalnSo txexkrk jgsxkA blh ls fganh&dkO; txr~ esaØkafr dk Loj xwatk gS] blh us ewd&cfèkjksa dks cksyukvkSj lquuk fl[kk;k gS] blh us ;qxks a ls cuh gqbZvlarks"k dh Tokyk dks èkèkdk;k gS vkSj blh lkfgR;us futhZo 'kksf"krksa esa izk.k izfr"Bk dh gSA bu dfo;ksa

µ ch&59] lM+d ua- 3] mRrjh NTtw iqj] fnYyh&110094

qqq

us vorkj dksfV ds egkiq#"kksa pØorhZ lezkVksa dksvius dkO; dk fo"k; u cukdj] tulkèkkj.k dhfLFkfr dk fparu&euu fd;k gS vkSj bl izdkj dforklqanjh dks vkdk'k ls iFoh ij mrkjus dk Js; bUghadks gSA

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 45

vkèkh vkcknh vkSj v#.k dey dh dfork lqJh çhfr çdk'k

MkW- vuq'kCn

us mls bruk MkaVk xkfy;k¡ nhnks rhu ckj ihVk HkhfiQj Hkh pqipki lkjk dke djrh xbZ--------og dHkh cksyh D;ksa ugha,d ckj Hkh cksyrh1---------------ledkyhu fganh dfork esa v#.k dey dk

egRoiw.kZ gLr{ksi gSA jpuk vkSj vkykspuk nksuksa gh{ks=kksa esa mudh xgjh iSB gSA ,d ls c<+dj ,d mudsdqy ik¡p dfork laxzg gSa& ^lcwr*] ^u, bykds esa*]^iqryh esa lalkj*] ^viuh dsoy èkkj* vkSj ^eSa oks 'ka[kegk'ka[k*A buds dkO; laxzgksa dk ikV cgqr pkSM+k gSvkSj laosnuk dh xgjkbZ rks muesa gS ghA ^xksyest* vkSj^dfork vkSj le;* mudh vkykspukRed çfrHkk dsçfreku gSA ftueas le;&le; ij muds fy[ks vkys[kksadk ladyu gSA mudh dforkvksa dk Loj lekt vkSjjktuhfr ds dbZ igyqvksa dks cM+h lathnxh ds lkFkNwrk gSA jktuhfr dk jk"Vªh; varjjk"Vªh; lanHkZ gks ;klekt dk fiNM+k oxZ gks lc mudh dforkvksa esaLFkkuh; fo'ks"krkvksa ds lkFk mifLFkr gSA mudh dforkvksaesa L=kh ik=k lektksuqdwy viuh mifLFkfr ntZ djokrhgSA

mi;qZDr dfork ^,d ckj Hkh cksyrh* og;{k ç'u [kM+k djrh gS ftlds mRrj dh çrh{kk'kk;n vkt Hkh gj L=kh dks gSA vkf[kj og dkSu lk

eSa lkekftd <kapk gS tks efgykvksa dks bruk detksj]bruk cscl cuk nsrk gS fd os etcwj gks tkrh gSreke jatks flre ds lkFk ftanxh xqtj&clj djus dsfy,A dbZ ckj rks os viuh bl etcwjh dks viuhfu;fr eku ysrh gSaA v#.k dey fganh dfork esa'kksf"krksa vkSj ihfM+rksa ds çfrfufèk ds :i esa tkus tkrsgSaA mudh dfork esa lekt ds oafpr oxZ dks ok.khfeyrh gSA ¶ftldk dksbZ çfrfufèk ugha gksrk gS mldkçfrfufèk dfo gksrk gS bl okD; ls dfo u fliQZbRrsiQkd j[krs gaS cfYd bls vius ys[ku esa iwjh rjgvkRelkr djrs gSaA ;fn mudh dforkvksa esa L=khthou dh >yd ns[kus dk ç;kl djsa rks ogk¡ Hkh i<+hfy[kh vkSj lekt ds laHkzkr oxZ ls vkus okyhefgyk,¡ de feyrh gSaA v#.k dey dh dforkvksaesa rks xzke oèkq,¡ gaS] jksth&jksVh dh tqxkM+ esa yxhfuEuoxhZ; efgyk gS] ?kj&?kj tkdj dke djus okyhdqcM+h dkdh gS vkSj ftthfo"kk ds lkFk jkstejkZ dhftanxh ls la?k"kZ dj jgh vkSjrsa gSaA v#.k dey buefgykvksa dh leL;kvksa dks viuh ys[kuh ls vkok”knsrs gSaA

çfln~èk oSn~;d pjd us fy[kk Fkk fd leL;ktgk¡ mRiUu gksrh gS mldk funku Hkh ogha gksrk gSAblfy, pjd dh ckr ekurs gq, pw¡fd efgykvksa dhpqIih dk ç'u v#.k dey dh dfork ls lkeusvk;k gS blfy, tokc Hkh v#.k dey dh dforkvksa

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46 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

esa gh <w¡<us dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaAbl Øe esa lcls igyk ç'u vkrk gS fd

vkf[kj bl pqIih dh uhao dgk¡ iM+rh gSA ^nwljkvk¡xu* dfork esa dfo fy[krs gSa&

vkSj Hkhrj ,d vkSjr ds dysts [k[kksjrh [kkalhvkSj ,d I;kjh cPph tks viuh ,d vk¡[k <kai

rqEgsa rkdrh gSvkSj mldk uUgk&lk HkkbZ crkrk gS ^'kje dj

jgh gS*T;w¡gh rqe tkurs gks fd og Hkh rqEgkjh rjg dtZ

esa Mwck gSmldks Hkh ,d cgu gS C;kgus dksvkSj og dgrk gS gekjs ;gk¡ ngst cgqr gSrc rqe Hkhrj& Hkhrj Hkgjus yxrs gksA2

Hkgjus dh otg gS ^tks nq[k rksjk lks nq[k eksjk*A;kuh dh C;kgus yk;d cgu gksuk [kqn esa ,d leL;kgS ftlls futkr ikuk dksbZ vklku dke ugha gSA^futkr* 'kCn blfy, D;ksafd ;g ifjokj ds nq[k dhotg gS vkSj ifjokj bl nq[k ls eqDr gksuk pkgrk gStks mls fiQygky laHko ugha yx jgk gSA vc vki;g lkspsa fd ftl balku dks ;g ,glkl gks tk, fdog balku ugha cks> gS] ifjokj ds nq[k vkSj ijs'kkuhdh otg rks og vius Hkhrj fdruh meax] fdruh[kq'kh vkSj fdruh okd~iVqrk 'ks"k j[k ldrk gSA'kq#vkrh iafDr;ksa dks ns[ksa rks ?kj ds Hkhrj ,d vkSjrgS ftlds gksus dk irk mldh [kkalh ls yxrk gSA ;kuhfd ?kj vkusokys esgeku dh [kkfrjnkjh djus dhftEesnkjh] pk;&uk'rs dk bartke djuk vkSjr dkdke gS ysfdu esgeku ds lkeus vkus dk gd mldkugha gSA ;gk¡ rd fd uUgh&lh I;kjh cPph us Hkh'kk;n viuh ek¡ ls vHkh gh 'keZ djuk lh[k fy;k gSvkSj og ,d vk¡[k <kai dj rkd jgh gS ogha NksVkHkkbZ Hkh bls cgqr lkekU; cfYd ;w¡ dgsa O;ogkj dkvfuok;Z fgLlk le>rk gS blfy, Li"V djrk gS fdog ^'keZ dj jgh gS*A fcydqy ;gha cht iM+rh gSlkekftd lajpuk dh tks gj dne ij efgykvksa dsO;ogkj dk fuèkkZj.k djrh gSA 'keZ vkSj g;k mldkxguk cudj lkeus vkrs gSa D;ksafd mUgsa ,d fnu

llqjky tkuk gSA vc ;g ç'u mBrk gS fd D;k gksxk;fn yM+fd;ka llqjky u tk, ;kuh vxj mudh 'kknhu gks&

dY;k.kh! dY;k.kh!vk;k gS esjk e¡>yk HkkbZmlh ls gksxh rsjh 'kknh] dY;k.kh]ns[k ys yM+dk] gS u ilan\---------------tc Hkh vk;k gS dksbZ HkkbZ fdlh cgw dk;gh gksxklcls gksxk dY;k.kh dk C;kg r;etkd dk fj'rk tks Bgjk&cpiu ls jg xbZ bl ?kj esa dY;k.khcPpk [ksykrh] [kkuk cukrh] lksgj xkrh] csuk

MksykrhA---------dY;k.kh dqN ugha cksyrhA3

dkuwu Hkys gh yM+fd;ksa dks yM+dksa ds cjkcjlaifRr esa vfèkdkj nsrk gS ij dkuwu vkSj dY;k.kh dschp dh nwjh vkt Hkh cgqr T;knk gSA ftu yM+fd;ksadh 'kknh ugha gksrh] ;k 'kknh ugha fVd ikrh veweumUgsa ek;ds esa Hkh iSrd gd ls eg:e j[kk tkrk gSAHkkbZ& Hkkot ds jgeks&dje ij tc rd xqtkjk gksrkgS rc rd gksrk gS ojuk oks viuh ;ksX;rk vkSj {kerkds fglkc ls dke <w¡< ysrh gaS vkSj reke mez mldke dks djrs gq, vkSj vius iwoZtUe ds ikiksa dkçk;f'pr djrs gq, fcrk nsrh gaSA blfy, ek¡ cki dh;g dksf'k'k jgrh gS fd tSls Hkh gks csVh dk C;kg dj^mldh uS;k ikj yxk nsuh pkfg,*A ij D;k gekjslqalLÑr lekt esa uS;k ikj yxk nsuk bruk vklkudke gS\ bls le>us ds fy, ,d nwljh dfork ns[krsgSa&

vkSj ckjkr njokts yxhjkr ckjg ctsfdlh rjg oj ds firk dks euk;k x;kdqN vkSj HksVk x;k] dqN vkSj xNk x;kA--------oj dqN :Bk fiQj NksVk cguksbZckdh ckjkrh tsoukj ij VwVsAvanj dU;k Fkh 'yFk

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 47

ckgj lekt Fkk] tu Fkk 'kriFkA4

;gk¡ lekt dk nwljk fp=k lkeus vkrk gSA 'kknhfookg rks ekuks yM+ds okyksa ds fy, vius nknkijnknkvksa ds Hkh [okc iwjs djus dk oDr gksrk gS vkSjog Hkh yM+dh okyksa ds iSls lsA ngst esa eksVh jdeolwy djus ds ckn Hkh gj volj ij iSls mxkgus dsekSds ryk'ks tkrs gSaA dHkh yM+ds dk iQwiQk :Brk gSrks dHkh mldk thtk] vkSj ugha rks dHkh oj egk'k;Hkh :B tkrs gSa iYlj eksVjlkbZdy ;k lksus dh psuds fy,A ckjkfr;ksa dks rks ukp&xkus vkSj mRre [kkusds flok; vkSj fdlh ls dksbZ eryc gh ugha gksrk gSAij bl iwjs miØe esa yMdh dk vkRefo'oklckj&ckj Nyuh gksrk gSA ;gk¡ ls mlds ,d u, thoudh 'kq#vkr gksrh gS ftldh uhao iM+rh gS Xykfu] nq[kvkSj csclh lsA llqjky esa dne j[kus ds lkFk mldhftanxh ,d r;'kqnk <jsZ ij pyh vkrh gSA vkf[kjdkSu lk gS ;g <jkZ] ,d ckj fiQj le>us dh dksf'k'kdjrs gSa v#.k dey dh gh dfork ls&

tSls jks èkks dj] pqi gks gkFk&eq¡g èkksvafre fgpdh Hkjokil pwYgs ds ikl ykSVrh gS ubZ oèkwHkkbZ ds tkus ds cknA5

fookg ds ckn vkSjr ds thou dh ;gh dgkuhgksrh gSA pkgs og lq[k esa gks ;k nq[k esa pwYgk rks mlsiQwaduk gh gksrk gS D;ksafd vc og csVh ugha cgw cuxbZ vkSj vc mlij reke ftEesnkfj;k¡ vk xbZ gaSA

?kj ds vk¡xu esa oks uoks<+k Hkhaxrh ukprhA6

fuf'pr rkSj ij dbZ jfld ân; okys ikBdksadks ;g iafDr L=kh mUeqDrrk dh yx jgh gksxh ij D;kvki ml uoks<+k ds LFkku ij fdlh iq#"k dh dYiukdj ldrs gSaA lkekU;r% ,slk laHko ugha yxrk gSA gksldrk gS vkidks ,slk yxs fd 'kk;n iq#"kksa dh Hkhxusesa dksbZ #fp ugha gksrh gS vkSj u gh muds ikl brukoDr gksrk gSA bl voèkkj.kk dks le>us ds fy, ,dckj fiQj ge cpiu dh vksj #[k djsaA eSnkuksa esackfj'k esa Hkhaxdj cPpksa dks fØdsV [ksyrs gq, vkiusdbZ ckj ns[kk gksxkA cfPp;ksa dks fdruh ckj eSnku esackfj'k esa Hkhaxrs gq, csfiQØ gksdj [ksyrs ns[kk gS\dkxt dh uko cukdj ckfj'k esa rSjuk Hkh yM+dksa dk

gh 'kkSd gksrk gSA ckfj'k gksrs gh 'kVZ mrkj dj gks&gYyk epkuk] lM+dksa ij Hkkxuk Hkh yM+dksa dk gh'kkSd gksrk gSA cM+s gksus ij Hkh pw¡fd mudk T;knkrjoDr ?kj ls ckgj gh xqtjrk gS blfy, xkgs&cxkgsckfj'k esa Hkhxus dk 'kkSd iwjk gksrk jgrk gSA ;k ;w-¡dgsa fd dqN le; ckn mUgsa bldh vknr iM+ tkrhgS vkSj muds fy, bl fØ;k esa dksbZ fof'k"Vrk 'ks"kugha jg tkrhA ij tc ckr yM+fd;ksa dh vkrh gS rksckfj'k gksus ij 'kq#vkr esa oks Hkkb;ksa ds lkFk dkxtdh uko rSjkus dk 'kk;n volj ik ysa] ;k dqN le;rd 'kk;n Nr ij Ni&Nikd Hkh dj ysa ij èkhjs&èkhjs mudh bl mUeqDrrk ij fojke yxuk 'kq: gkstkrk gSA 'kknh ds ckn rks ;g ikcanh vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrhgS] blfy, ckfj'k gksus ij og ?kj ds vk¡xu esa ckfj'kesa Hkhxus pyh vkrh gS vkSj bl vçR;kf'kr vkSjnqyZHk [kq'kh ls foHkksj gks ukp mBrh gSA

ugha] ugha eSaus dqN ugha ns[kk]eSa vanj cslu ?kksy jgh FkhA7

fdlh ds ?kj dk vkslkjk Fkk]lkeus vk¡xu esa vkSjrsa Fkha nks] crZu ey jgh Fkha],d us rkdk8

og L=kh iQVd jgh gS xsagw]nksuksa gkFk lwi dks mBkrs] fxjkrsA9

Åij dh iafDr;ksa esa mu dkeksa dk ftØ gS tksvkSjrksa ds [kkrksa esa ntZ gksrs gaS vkSj ftUgsa dke esa fxukHkh ugha tkrk gSA ;fn bu iafDr;ksa ls fyaxlwpd 'kCngVk Hkh fn;k tk, rks Hkh cslu ?kksyuk] vk¡xu esa cSBdj crZu èkksuk] xsgw¡ iQVduk vkfn ,sls dke gaS ftUgsadjrs gq, iq#"kksa dh Nfo;k¡ gekjs tsgu esa ugha vkrhA;gk¡ rd fd vxj I;kj esa iwjh rjg ixh dfork Hkhns[ksa rks Hkh iRuh dh ;kn ?kj dh liQkbZ ns[kdj ghvkrh jgrh gS&

I;kt dh rst xaèk ghax thjs dh diwj dh xaèkeq>s fdlh vkSjr dh xaèk yx jgh gS--------------eSaus dHkh ;g ?kM+h can ugha ns[khtc ls vk jgk gw¡vkSj pk; ds I;kys dh ;g MaMh fdruh lkiQ gSfdruk lkiQ gS 'kh'ks ds fxykl esa ikuhbruk fFkjk fFkjk ?kj muds gkFkksa ls pkyk gqvk 10

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48 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

lpeqp lkiQ ?kj fdruk vPNk yxrk gS u! ogvkSjr gh rks gksrh gS tks edku dks ?kj cukrh gSA rHkhrks mlds ugha jgus ds ckn Hkh ?kj dk dksuk&dksukmls ;kn djrk gSA ij bl dfork ds lkFk vc tjkml dfork dk ckdh fgLlk i<+rs gS ftlls geus blvkys[k dh 'kq#vkr dh FkhA

ikuh dk fxykl gkFk esa ysus ls igyseSaus rhu ckj nkSM+k;kfxykl xank gSikuh esa phVh gSfxykl iwjk Hkjk ugha gSvkSj og pqipki viuh xyrh ekudjnkSM+rh jgh vkSj tc eSa ikuh ih pqdkèkhjs ls cksyh&ikuh vPNk Fkk\vkSj esjk xqLlk c<+ x;kblls T;knk dksbZ fdlh dks rax Hkh ugha dj ldrkvkf[kj og iRuh Fkh esjhvkSj ,d fnu lcds lkeus] esgekuksa vkSj ?kj ds

yksxksa ds lkeuseSaus mls cqjh rjg MkaVkfiQj Hkh og dqN ugha cksyh] jksbZ Hkh ugha 11

vxj nksuksa dforkvksa dks ,d&nwljs dk iwjdekudj i<+sa rks ml lkekftd rkus&ckus dh :ijs[kkdqN&dqN Li"V gksus yxrh gS ftlus vkSjr dks brukdetksj vkSj derj cuk fn;k gS fd reke jatks&flrelgus ds ckn Hkh mlds eq¡g ls foæksg dk ,d 'kCnugha iQwVrkA igyh dfork esa iRuh ls çse dh ,dotg mldk xgdk;Z n{k gksuk gSA ;gk¡ ls ,d iSekukcurk lk fn[krk gS] vPNh iRuh dkA ?kM+h esa cSVjhdk cnyuk] ?kj lkiQ gksuk] fxykl esa lkiQ ikuh gksuk]di dk lkiQ gksuk] I;kt] ghax vkfn Mkydj lq#fpiw.kZHkkstu cukuk tSls reke ,sls i{k gSa tks ifr dks iRuhdh ;kn fnyk jgs gSaA ;kuh vxj iRuh ;s lc dkeugha djrh gS rks iq#"k mls MkaVrk gS] og Hkh ljsvkevkSj iRuh fojksèk esa ,d 'kCn Hkh ugha dgrhA

v#.k dey dfork dks lekt dk çfr:iekurs gSa vkSj dfork esa ekStwnk gkykr dks gh fpf=kr

djrs gSaA 'kk;n blfy, tks dfork,¡ mUgksaus vyx&vyxfo"k;ksa ij fy[kh gSa mu esa Hkh lkekftd lajpuk dslw=k fey tkrs gSaA ;s lw=k lekt esa efgykvksa dhfLFkfr ds ckjs esa Hkh b'kkjk djrs gaSA

lekt dk joS;k ges'kk ls L=kh vkSj iq#"kksa dsçfr vyx& vyx jgk gSA fL=k;ksa dks laifRr ln'kle>k tkrk gS vkSj mldh 'kqfprk vkSj mlds yTtk'khyO;ogkj dks ifjokj dh e;kZnk ds lkFk tksM+k tkrk gSA,slk Hkh rHkh gksrk gS tc fL=k;ksa dks vPNk ifjokjfey tk,A vxj ifjokj vPNk u jgk rc rks mUgsa njnj dh Bksdjs [kkuh iM+rh gSa&

og ckj&ckj Hkkxrh jghT;ksa vpkud fdlh us uhan esa iqdkjkdHkh fdlh eafnj dh lh<+h ij cSBh jgh ?kaVksvkSj fiQj v¡èksjk gksus ij ykSVh× × × ×tkurh Fkh oks dgha dksbZ jkLrk ugha gSdgha dksbZ jkLrk ugha gSdgha dksbZ vafre vkljk ugha gS 15

dbZ ckj vkSjr dks irk gksrk gS fd mlds lkFkxyr gks jgk gS ,oa mls bl ÑR; ls cpuk pkfg,vkSj og cpus dh dksf'k'k Hkh djrh gSA gj ckj ogHkkxrh gS vkSj dksbZ fBdkuk <w¡<rh gS ij liQy ughagks ikrhA ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa fiQj mlds ikl voljugha cprkA og fiQj mlh ?kj esa vk tkrh gS tgk¡mldh Mksyh vkbZ Fkh vkSj dk;ns ls tgk¡ ls mldhvFkhZ mBuh pkfg,A ij ;gk¡ ,d vkSj ckr gS tks blcksf>y okrkoj.k esa Hkh thus dh otg cu jgh gSA ogckr gS eqfDr dh vkdka{kkA ;g og vkdka{kk gS tks mlsckj&ckj csfM+;k¡ rksM+ Hkkxus dks çsfjr djrh gSA laHkor%dfo Hkh bl vkdka{kk ls çsfjr gksrs gSa vkSj rqjar tUehcPph dks Hkjkslk nsrs gSa fd lc Bhd gks tk,xk&

vks uUgh&lh cPphD;k gqvk tks rqEgs fdlh us pwek rd ugharqEgkjh ek¡ eq¡g iQsj jksrh jgh jkr HkjvkSj rqEgkjk firk ykSV x;k ckgj gh ckgjD;k gqvk tks rqEgkjh nknh us cèkkos ugha fn,vkSj mudk ;g vk¡xu iaofj;ksa dh <ksydksa ls

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 49

qqq

µ 'kksèkkFkhZ] fganh foHkkx] rstiqj fo'ofon~;ky;] rstiqj] vle

,oa

µ vflLVsaV çksiQslj] fganh foHkkx] rstiqj fo'ofon~;ky;] rstiqj] vle

vkckn ugha gqvkrqe jksrh jgh] jksrh jghvkSj fdlh us pwek rd ugha-----------------------------------------------------------------[kksyks rqe vk¡[kns[kksHkfo"; vius nksuksa gkFkksa ls laokjrk gS rqEgkjk psgjkrqe dy ds gj cPps ls lqanj vkSj lkiQ gksftl nknh us twBu [kkdj gh xqtkj nh ftanxhftl ek¡ us vius ifr dh ekj pqipki lghvkSj ftl firk us ns[kk gS fryd&ngst dk Øwj O;kikjos dSls [kq'k gksaxs\ysfdu vkt ogh ugha gS nqfu;k mruh dBksjtks dy ;k ijlksa Fkhle; ds çokg esarqEgkjs gh fy, ?kqy jgh gS nqfu;k16

lanHkZ lwph%1-v#.k dey] ,d ckj Hkh cksyrh (lcwr)]

ok.kh çdk'ku]fnYyh] uohure laLdj.k] 2004] i"Bla-&18

2-v#.k dey] tc rqe fdlh ds djhc vkrsgks (eSa oks 'ka[k egk'ka[k)] jktdey çdk'ku] fnYyh]çFke laLdj.k] 2012] i`"B la[;k& 30

3-v#.k dey] dY;k.kh] (viuh dsoy èkkj)]ok.kh çdk'ku] fnYyh] n~forh; laLdj.k] 2006] i`"Bla[;k&79

4-v#.k dey] ckjkr njokts yxh] (eSa oks'ka[k egk'ka[k)] jktdey çdk'ku] fnYyh] çFkelaLdj.k] 2012] i`"B la[;k&48

5-v#.k dey] okil] (iqryh esa lalkj)] ok.khçdk'ku] fnYyh] n~forh; laLdj.k] 2006] i`"B

la[;k&206-v#.k dey] ekrHkwfe] (iqryh esa lalkj)]

ok.kh çdk'ku] fnYyh] n~forh; laLdj.k] 2006] i`"Bla[;k&43

7-v#.k dey] ftlus [kwu gksrs ns[kk] (iqryhesa lalkj)] ok.kh çdk'ku] fnYyh] n~forh; laLdj.k]2006] i`"B la[;k&27

8-v#.k dey] bZ[k dk jl] (iqryh esa lalkj)]ok.kh çdk'ku] fnYyh] n~forh; laLdj.k] 2006] i`"Bla-& 82

9-v#.k dey] nkuk] (iqryh esa lalkj)] ok.khçdk'ku] fnYyh] n~forh; laLdj.k] 2006] i`"B la[;k&82

10- v#.k dey] vfHklkj] (u, bykds esa)]ok.kh çdk'ku] fnYyh] prqFkZ laLdj.k] 2010] i"Bla[;k& 37

11- v#.k dey] ,d ckj Hkh cksyrh] (lcwr)]ok.kh çdk'ku] fnYyh] uohure laLdj.k] 2004] i`"Bla[;k&18

12- v#.k dey] [kcj] (viuh dsoy èkkj)]ok.kh çdk'ku] fnYyh] n~forh; laLdj.k] 2006] i`"Bla[;k& 15

13- v#.k dey] ,d eafnj dh xkFkk] (u,bykds esa)] ok.kh çdk'ku] fnYyh] prqFkZ laLdj.k]2010] i`"B la[;k&40

14- v#.k dey] bZn] (lcwr)] ok.kh çdk'ku]fnYyh] uohure laLdj.k] 2004] i`"B la[;k& 56

15- v#.k dey] LoIu] (iqryh esa lalkj)]ok.kh çdk'ku] fnYyh] n~forh; laLdj.k] 2006] i`"Bla[;k& 24

16- v#.k dey] ,d uotkr cPph dks I;kj](iqryh esa lalkj)] ok.kh çdk'ku] fnYyh] n~forh;laLdj.k] 2006] i`"B la[;k&48

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50 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

jf'ejFkh (izFke lxZ)jkeèkkjh flag ^fnudj*

^t ; gks* tx esa tys tgk¡ Hkh] ueu iquhr vuy dks]ftl uj esa Hkh cls] gekjk ueu rst dks] cy

dksAfdlh oar ij f[kys fofiu esa] ij] ueL; gS

iQwy]lqèkh [kkstrs ugha xq.kksa dk vkfn] 'kfDr dk ewyAÅ¡p&uhp dk Hksn u ekus] ogh Js"B Kkuh gS]n;k&èkeZ ftlesa gks] lcls ogh iwT; izk.kh gSA{kf=k; ogh] Hkjh gks ftlesa fuHkZ;rk dh vkx]lcls Js"B ogh czkg~e.k gS] gks ftlesa ri&R;kxA

rstLoh lEeku [kkstrs ugha xks=k cryk ds]ikrs gSa tx ls iz'kfLr viuk djrc fn[kyk

dsAghu ewy dh vksj ns[k tx xyr dgs ;k Bhd]ohj [khap dj gh jgrs gSa bfrgklksa esa yhdA

ftlds firk lw;Z Fks] ekrk dqarh lrh dqekjh]mldk iyuk gqvk èkkj ij cgrh gqbZ fiVkjhAlwr&oa'k esa iyk] p[kk Hkh ugha tufu dk {khj]fudyk d.kZ lHkh ;qodksa esa rc Hkh vn~Hkqr

ohjA

ru ls lej'kwj] eu ls Hkkoqd] LoHkko ls nkuh]tkfr&xks=k dk ugha] 'khy dk] ikS#"k dk vfHkekuhAKku&è;ku] 'kL=kkL=k] 'kkL=k dk dj lE;d~ vH;klAvius xq.k dk fd;k d.kZ us vki Lo;a lqfodklA

èkjksgj

vyx uxj ds dksykgy ls] vyx iqjh&iqjtu ls]

dfBu lkèkuk esa mn~;ksxh yxk gqvk ru&eu lsAfut lekfèk esa fujr] lnk fut deZBrk esa pwj]oU;dqlqe&lk f[kyk d.kZ tx dh vk¡[kksa ls nwjA

ugha iQwyrs dqlqe ek=k jktkvksa ds miou esa]vfer ckj f[kyrs os iqj ls nwj dqat&dkuu esaAle>s dkSu jgL;\ izÑfr dk cM+k vuks[kk gky]xqnM+h esa j[krh pqu&pqu dj cM+s dherh ykyA

tyn&iVy esa fNik] fdarq jfo dc rd jg ldrk gS\

;qx dh vogsyuk 'kwjek dc rd lg ldrk gS\

ikdj le; ,d fnu vkf[kj mBh tokuh tkx]iQwV iM+h lcds le{k ikS#"k dh igyh vkxA

jax&Hkwfe esa vtqZu Fkk tc lek¡ vuks[kk ck¡èks]c<+k HkhM+&Hkhrj ls lglk d.kZ 'kjklu lkèksAdgrk gqvk] ^rkfy;ksa ls D;k jgk xoZ esa iQwy\vtqZu! rsjk lq;'k vHkh {k.k esa gksrk gS èkwyA

^rwus tks&tks fd;k] mls eSa fn[kyk ldrk gw¡]pkgs rks dqN ubZ dyk,¡ Hkh fl[kyk ldrk gw¡Avk¡[k [kksy dj ns[k] d.kZ ds gkFkksa dk O;kikj]iQwys lLrk lq;'k izkIr dj] mu uj dks fèkDdkjA*

Page 53: kk - Ministry of Human Resource Developmentchdpublication.mhrd.gov.in › ebook › pdf › Bhasha July-August 2019.pdf · ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ius Lrjh; s[ku ds nokjk lai.kZ fganh tr

"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 51

bl izdkj dg yxk fn[kkus d.kZ dyk,¡ j.k dh]lHkk LrCèk jg xbZ] xbZ jg vk¡[k V¡xh tu&tu

dhAea=k&eqXèk&lk ekSu prqfnZd~ tu dk ikjkokj]xwat jgh Fkh ek=k d.kZ dh èkUok dh VadkjA

fiQjk d.kZ] R;ksa ^lkèkq&lkèkq* dg mBs ldy uj&ukjh]

jktoa'k ds usrkvksa ij iM+h foin~ vfr HkkjhAnzks.k] Hkh"e] vtqZu] lc iQhds] lc gks jgs

mnkl],d lq;ksèku c<+k] cksyrs gq,] ^ohj! 'kkck'k!

n~oan~o&;qn~èk ds fy, ikFkZ dks fiQj mlus yydkjk]vtqZu dks pqi gh jgus dk xq# us fd;k b'kkjkAÑikpk;Z us dgk& ^lquks gs ohj ;qod vutku*Hkjr&oa'k&voral ikaMq dh vtqZu gS larkuA

^{kf=k; gS] ;g jktiq=k gS] ;ksa gh ugha yM+sxk]ftl&frl ls gkFkkikbZ esa dSls dwn iM+sxk\vtqZu ls yM+uk gks rks er xgks lHkk esa ekSu]uke&èkke dqN dgks] crkvks fd rqe tkfr gks

dkSu\*

^tkfr! gk; jh tkfr!* d.kZ dk ân; {kksHk ls Mksyk]

dqfir lw;Z dh vksj ns[k og ohj Øksèk ls cksyk^tkfr&tkfr jVrs] ftudh iw¡th dsoy ik"kaM]eSa D;k tkuw¡ tkfr\ tkfr gSa ;s esjs HkqtnaMA

^Åij flj ij dud&N=k] Hkhrj dkys&ds&dkys]'kjekrs gSa ugha txr~ esa tkfr iwNus okysAlw=kiq=k gw¡ eSa] ysfdu Fks firk ikFkZ ds dkSu\lkgl gks rks dgks] Xykfu ls jg tkvks er ekSuA

^eLrd Å¡pk fd,] tkfr dk uke fy, pyrs gks]

ij vèkeZe; 'kks"k.k ds cy ls lq[k esa iyrs gksAvèke tkfr;ksa ls Fkj&Fkj dk¡irs rqEgkjs izk.k]Ny ls ek¡x fy;k djrs gks vaxwBs dk nkuA

^iwNks esjh tkfr] 'kfDr gks rks] ejs Hkqtcy ls]jfo&leku nhfir ykyV ls vkSj dop&dqaMy

ls]i<+ks mls tks >yd jgk gS eq>;s rst&izdk'k]esjs jkse&jkse esa vafdr gS esjk bfrgklA

^vtqZu cM+k ohj {kf=k; gS] rks vkxs og vkos]{kf=k;Ro dk rst tjk eq>dks Hkh rks fn[kykosAvHkh Nhu bl jktiq=k ds dj ls rhj&deku]viuh egktkfr dh nw¡xk eSa rqedks igpkuA*

Ñikpk;Z us dgk ^oFkk rqe Øqn~èk gq, tkrs gks]lkèkkj.k&lh ckr] mls Hkh le> ugha ikrs gksAjktiq=k ls yM+s fcuk gksrk gks vxj vdkt]vftZr djuk rqEgsa pkfg, igys dksbZ jktA*

d.kZ grizHk gqvk rfud] eu&gh&eu dqN Hkjek;kAlg u ldk vU;k;] lq;ksèku c<+dj vkxs vk;kAcksyk&^cM+k iki gS djuk] bl izdkj] vieku]ml uj dk tks nhi jgk gks lpeqp] lw;Z lekuA

^ewy tkuuk cM+k dfBu gS ufn;ksa dk] ohjksa dk]èkuq"k NksM+ dj vkSj xks=k D;k gksrk j.kèkhjksa dk\ikrs gaS lEeku rikscy ls Hkwry ij 'kwj]^tkfr&tkfr* dk 'kksj epkrs dsoy dk;j ØwjA

^fdlus ns[kk ugha] d.kZ tc fudy HkhM+ ls vk;k]

vuk;kl vkrad ,d laiw.kZ lHkk ij Nk;kAd.kZ Hkys gh lw=kiq=k gks] vFkok 'oip] pekj]efyu] exj] blds vkxs gSa lkjs jktdqekjA

^djuk D;k vieku Bhd gS bl vueksy jru dk]

ekuork dh bl foHkwfr dk] èkjrh ds bl èku dkA

fcuk jkT; ;fn ugha ohjrk dk bldks vfèkdkj]rks esjh ;g [kqyh ?kks"k.kk lqus ldy lalkjA

Page 54: kk - Ministry of Human Resource Developmentchdpublication.mhrd.gov.in › ebook › pdf › Bhasha July-August 2019.pdf · ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ius Lrjh; s[ku ds nokjk lai.kZ fganh tr

52 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

^vaxns'k dk eqdqV d.kZ ds eLrd ij èkjrk gw¡A,d jkT; bl egkohj ds fgr vfiZr djrk gw¡Aj[kk d.kZ ds flj ij mlus viuk eqdqV mrkj]xwatk jaxHkwfe esa nq;ksZèku dk t;&t;dkjA

d.kZ pfdr jg x;k lq;ksèku dh bl ije Ñik ls]

iQwV iM+k ekjs ÑrKrk ds Hkj mls Hkqtk lsAnq;ksZèku us ân; yxk dj dgk&^caèkq! gks 'kkar]esjs bl {kqnzksigkj ls D;ksa gksrk mn~Hkzkar\

^fd;k dkSu&lk R;kx vuks[kk] fn;k jkt ;fn rq>dksA

vjs] èkU; gks tk,¡ izk.k] rw xzg.k djs ;fn eq>dksA*

d.kZ vkSj xy x;k] ^gk;] eq> ij Hkh bruk Lusg!

ohj caèkq! ge gq, vkt ls ,d izk.k] nks nsgA

^Hkjh lHkk ds chp vkt rwus tks eku fn;k gS]igys&igy eq>s thou esa tks mRFkku fn;k gSAm½.k Hkyk gksÅ¡xk mlls pqdk dkSu&lk nke\Ñik djsa fnueku fd vkÅ¡ rsjs dksbZ dkeA*

?ksj [kM+s gks tk, d.kZ dks eqfnr] eqXèk iqjoklh]gksrs gh gSa yksx 'kwjrk&iwtu ds vfHkyk"khApkgs tks Hkh dgs n~os"k] bZ";kZ] feF;k vfHkeku]turk fut vkjkè; ohj dks] ij ysrh igpkuA

yxs yksx iwtus d.kZ dks dqadqe vkSj dey ls]jax&Hkwfe Hkj xbZ prqfnZd~ iqydkdqy dydy

lsAfou;iw.kZ izfroanu esa T;ksa >qdk d.kZ lfo'ks"k]turk fody iqdkj mBh] ^t; egkjkt vaxs'kA

^egkjkt vaxs'k!* rhj&lk yxk ân; esa tk ds]foiQy Øksèk esa dgk Hkhe us vkSj ugha dqN ik

dsA^g; dh >kM+s iw¡N] vkt rd jgk ;gh rks dkt]

lwr&iq=k fdl rjg pyk ik,xk dksbZ jkt\*

nq;ksZèku us dgk& ^Hkhe! >wBs cdcd djrs gks]dgykrs èkeZK] n~os"k dk fo"k eu esa èkjrs gksAcM+s oa'k ls D;k gksrk gS] [kksVs gksa ;fn dke\uj dk xq.k mTToy pfj=k gS] ugha oa'k&èku&èkkuA

^lpeqp gh dgk d.kZ us] rqEgha dkSu gks] cksyks]tues Fks fdl rjg\ Kkr gks] rks jgL; ;g

[kksyks]viuk voxq.k ugha ns[krk] vtc txr~ dk

gky]fut vk¡[kksa ls ugha lw>rk] lp gS viuk HkkyA

Ñikpk;Z vk iM+s chp esa] cksys ^fN%! ;g D;k gS\

rqe yksxksa esa cph uke dks Hkh D;k ugha g;k gS\pyks] pysa ?kj dks] ns[kks_ gksus dks vkbZ 'kke]Fkds gq, gksxs rqe lc] pkfg,] rqEgsa vkjkeA*

jax&Hkwfe ls pys lHkh iqjoklh eksn eukrs]dksbZ d.kZ] ikFkZ dk dksbZ&xq.k vkil esa xkrsAlcls vyx pys vtqZu dks fy, gq, xq# nzks.k]dgrs gq,& ^ikFkZ! igq¡pk ;g jkgq u;k fiQj

dkSu\

^tues ugha txr~ esa vtqZu! dksbZ izfrcy rsjk]V¡xk jgk gS ,d blh ij è;ku vkt rd esjkA,dyO; ls fy;k v¡xwBk] d<+h u eq[k ls vkg]j[kk pkgrk gw¡ fu"daVd csVk! rsjh jkgA

^exj vkt tks dqN ns[kk] mlls èkhjt fgyrk gS]

eq>s d.kZ esa pje ohjrk dk y{k.k feyrk gSA

c<+rk x;k vxj fu"daVd ;g mnHkV HkV cky]vtqZu! rsjs fy, dHkh ;g gks ldrk gS dky!

^lksp jgk gw¡ D;k mik;] eSa blds lkFk d:¡xk]

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 53

bl izpaMre èkwedsrq dk dSls rst g:¡xk\f'k"; cukÅ¡xk u d.kZ dks] ;g fuf'pr gS ckr]j[kuk è;ku fodV izfrHkV dk] ij rw Hkh gs

rkr!*

jax&Hkwfe ls fy, d.kZ dks] dkSjo 'ka[k ctkrs]pys >wers gq, [kq'kh esa xkrs] ekSt eukrsAdapu ds ;qx 'kSy&f'k[kj&le lqxfBr] lq?kj

lqo.kZ]xyck¡gh ns pys ijLij nq;ksZèku vkS* d.kZA

cM+h rfIr ds lkFk lw;Z 'khry vLrkpy ij ls]pwe jgs Fks vax iq=k dk fLuXèk&lqdksey dj lsAvkt u Fkk fiz; mUgsa fnol dk le; fln~èk

volku]foje x;k {k.k ,d f{kfrt ij xfr dks NksM+

foekuA

vkSj gk;] jfuokl pyk okil tc jktHkou dks]

lcds ihNs pyh ,d fodyk elkslrh eu dksAmtM+ x, gks LoIu fd tSls gkj xbZ gks nk¡o]ugha mBk, Hkh mB ikrs Fks dqarh ds ik¡oA

qqq

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54 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

,d jktuSfrd dgkuh,e- osadVs'oj

tks dqN gqvk mlesa esjk D;k nks"k Fkk] ;g eSa vkt rd ugha tku ikbZA tks ?kfVrgqvk mls jksduk ;fn esjs o'k esa gksrk rks 'kk;n eq>sbruk cqjk ugha yxrkA ;fn ;gh ladV esjs ifr ij vkiM+rk rks eSa mudk fdruk lkFk nsrh] eSa mUgsa fdruhlkaRouk nsrh] mUgsa vius lhus esa Nqik ysrhA og 'kkeeq>s vkt Hkh ;kn gS] og n'; vkt Hkh esjh vk¡[kksaesa ltho gks mBrk gSA mudk uke eSa igyh ckj viusrkÅ th ls gh lquh FkhA rkÅ th us gh gekjk fj'rkr; fd;k FkkA

^eèkqlwnu* uke eq>s vR;ar eksgd vkSj ifo=kçrhr gqvk FkkA bl uke us esjs eu esa ,d meax vkSju;k mYykl Hkj fn;k FkkA esjs dkuksa esa ;g uke jgjgdj xwatrk FkkA mu fnuksa eq>s thou dh lkFkZdrkblh uke esa lekfgr tku iM+rh FkhA esjs uke ds lkFktqM+us okys uke dh dYiuk esa eSa fiNys rhu o"kksaZ ls[kksbZ gqbZ FkhA vkt esjh dYiuk lkdkj gks jgh FkhA ml{k.k ls eq>s esjk viuk gh ?kj ftlesa esjk cpiu chrkvkSj tgk¡ eSa iydj cM+h gqbZ Fkh] vpkud ijk;kyxkus yxkA

¶dqN gh fnuksa esa eq>s viuk ;g ?kj NksM+ukgksxk¸] bl fopkj dks fy, eSa fuf'apr jgus yxh FkhAbèkj dqN le; ls ek¡ eq>s Vksdus yxh Fkh fd &¶rqerqEgkjs ?kj tkdj viuh bPNkuqlkj dj ysuk] ;gk¡ rks,sls gh pyus nks tSls py jgk gSA¸

ek¡ ds mu opuksa dks lqudj eSa lksprh fd¶lpeqp vius ?kj dks eSa viuh ilan ls ltkÅ¡xhA¸rc ls eSa vius ml ?kj dh dYiuk esa Mwch jgus yxhFkhA vkf[kj irk pyk fd esjk ?kj gSnjkckn esa gSA ;glqurs gh eSa [kq'kh ls >we mBh FkhA ^gSnjkckn vkSjeèkqlwnu* & ;s nks uke eq>s ckj&ckj NsM+ tkrs ftllseu esa xqnxqnh lh gksus yxrhA esjs gksaBksa ij gYdheqLdku Nk tkrhA eq>s bl rjg ns[k esjh NksVh cgueq>s fp<+k;k djrh] eSa vkSj vfèkd 'keZ ls yky gkstkrhA

eèkqlwnu ls fj'rs ds fy, ngst esa ipkl gtkj#i, esjs ?kj okys ns jgs FksA ;g esjh lgsfy;ksa esavPNk&[kklk ppkZ dk fo"k; cu x;kA gekjh ch- ,-dh ijh{kk,¡ lekIr gks pqdh FkhaA esjh lgsfy;ksa esa 'kknhvkSj ngst ij cgl 'kq: gks xbZA mu lc yksxksa esaesjh gh 'kknh lcls igys r; gqbZ Fkh] bldk eq>s xoZFkkA ngst dh ckr lqudj dqN lgsfy;ksa us] ^cki jscki] bruk ngst* dgkA ,d yM+dh us ngst çFkk dsfojksèk esa yack Hkk"k.k ns MkykA

fookg ds ckn eSa ifr dks lq[kh j[kw¡xh] mudklkjk dke d:¡xh] muds cPpksa dks tUe nw¡xhA blfy,ml lgsyh ds vuqlkj bu lkjh ftEesnkfj;ksa ds cnysesa mUgsa gh ngst nsuk pkfg,] eSa D;ksa ngst nw¡\

eq>s yxk fd fookg dh ifo=krk dks og viuhrh[kh vkykspuk ls Hkax dj jgh FkhA mldh ckrksa lseq>s cgqr xqLlk vk;kA ¶muds fy, dke d:¡xh rks

rsyqxq dgkuh

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 55

D;k og esjs fy, ugha gksxk\ vkSj fiQj cPps gksaxs rksD;k os esjs ugha gksaxs\¸ tc eSaus ml oØ cqn~fèk okyhyM+dh ls ;g iwNk rks &¶fiQj blds fy, mUgsa ipklgtkj #i, nsus dh D;k t:jr] tc rqe nksuksa feydjlq[kh jg ldrs gks rks!¸ & dgdj mRrj fn;k mlusAtSls og dksbZ cM+k dkuwuh nk¡oisap fl[kk jgh gks eq>sAmlds dqrdZ dk dksbZ mRrj ugha Fkk esjs iklA

mls le>kus dk tc dksbZ mik; eq>s ugha lw>krks eSaus mlls dg fn;k & ;s lc rks fookg dh jLeksadk gh fgLlk gksrh gSa] blfy, budks fuHkkuk iM+rk gS]vkSj fiQj tc eq>s vkSj esjs ifjokj okyksa dks bl ijvkifRr ugha gS rks mls D;ksa bruh ijs'kkuh gks jgh gS\

¶'kknh ds ckn rqEgsa bldk iQy Hkqxruk iM+sxk¸& mlus dgk vkSj pyh xbZA

ns[krs gh ns[krs esjk C;kg gks x;kA C;kg ikjaifjdjhfr ls gh laiUu gqvkA fookg eaMi esa muds çFken'kZu ls gh eSa mu ij eksfgr gks xbZA mu {k.kksa dkseSa dHkh Hkqyk ugha ldrhA os viuh iQksVks ls dghavfèkd lqn'kZu FksA mudk O;fDrRo vkSj mudk lkgp;Z]lc dqN esjs fy, cgqr fç; gksxk] bldk eq>s fo'oklgksus yxkA fookg ds lkjs vuq"Bku eSaus ifo=k eu lslaiUu fd, FksA vius lqgkx dh fu'kkuh] eaxylw=k dksçse ls lgstdj eSaus vius lhus esa Nqikdj j[k fy;kFkkA og esjs thou dk loksZRre {k.k FkkA esjk lqgkx ghesjs laiw.kZ thou dk vewY; ojnku FkkA fueZy eu lsmuds lq[k&nq[k esa lgHkkxh cuus dk n<+ ladYi eSausfy;kA vkxs pydj] tc fdlh ckr ij eu nq[kh gkstkrk rks eq>s fookg ds ml ladYi dh ;kn gks vkrhvkSj rc eSa ml nq[k dks Hkqykdj çlUurk ls mudslkFk gks ysrhA ifr&iRuh ds ijLij lacaèkksa vkSj iRuhds drZO;ksa dk cksèk eq>s gks pqdk FkkA blls tqM+sfiQYeh xhr eSa cpiu ls xquxqukrh FkhA nkaiR; lacaèkksaij vkèkkfjr dgkfu;k¡ vkSj miU;kl eq>s fo'ks"k fç;FksA vDlj buesa ukjh thou ds vkn'kZ dks vkd"kZd'kSyh esa fpf=kr fd;k tkrk FkkA eSa viuh thou csydks eèkqlwnu ls fyiVk gqvk ikrh vkSj Lo;a dkslqjf{kr eglwl dj fuf'par gks tkrhA

ysfdu ;g lc vklkuh ls ugha gqvk FkkA fookgds fnu eu esa tkxh vk'kkvksa dks lkdkj :i nsus ds

fy, eq>s dkiQh la?k"kZ djuk iM+k FkkA mudh vkSj esjhçofRr;k¡ ijLij foijhr FkhaA os vkjkeilan Fks vkSjLoPNrk ds çfr ykijokgA eSa vR;ar liQkbZ&ilan FkhAesjs vR;fèkd LoPNrk çse ls os dHkh&dHkh >Yyktkrs FksA ysfdu eSa cgqr tYn gh muds vuqdwy cuusds ç;kl esa yx xbZA

esjh ,d iM+kslu Fkh ftls esjh rjg lkiQ&liQkbZdk tquwu ugha Fkk fdarq muds lkgc ?kj esa vO;oLFkkls HkM+d mBrs FksA og cspkjh ifr ls Mjdj ?kj dkscgqr ltk&l¡okjdj j[krh FkhA ge nksuksa tc Hkhfeyrs] gekjh ppkZ dk ;gh fo"k; gksrkA ge yksxksa usviuh vknrksa dks ,d&nwljs ls lk>k djus dk fu'p;dj fy;kA

oSls mudk O;ogkj esjs lkFk çseiw.kZ gh jgrkAdHkh&dHkh esjs eu esa ç'u mBrk fd çse dk ekinaMD;k gS\ lkFk feydj fiQYesa ns[kuk vkSj lSj&likVsdjuk gh ;fn çse gS rks eq>s bldh deh ugha FkhAysfdu dHkh viuh ilan ds iQwyksa dks ckyksa esaltkdj euilan fganh fiQYe fn[kkus dk esjk vuqjksèk]muds psgjs ij l[rh vo'; ys vkrkA Bhd mlhle; eq>s viuk ladYi ;kn vk tkrkA esjs lkl vkSjllqj nksuksa cgqr Hkys yksx FksA gekjs fookg esa ngst dsvykok mUgksaus gels vkSj dqN ugha fy;k Fkk vkSj ugh eq>s fdlh pht ds fy, rax fd;k] blfy, mufnuksa gekjk thou lq[kh FkkA

ml fnu gekjh 'kknh dh igyh lkyfxjg FkhA'kke dk le; Fkk] vk¡xu esa mudh çrh{kk esa cSBh eSamudh deht esa cVu Vk¡d jgh FkhA eu esa chrs o"kZdh [kV~Vh&ehBh ;knsa clh gqbZa FkhaA eSa mUgha ;knksa esa[kksbZ gqbZ Fkh fd brus esa ckgj ls dksbZ 'kksj lqukbZ fn;kAlgers gq, eSa iQkVd dh vksj nkSM+ iM+hA iQkVd ij,d vkWVks dks ?ksjs cgqr lkjs yksx fn[kkbZ iM+sA dqNyksx LdwVjksa ij lokj Fks tks vkWVks ds lkFk vk, FksAeSaus ns[kk fd dksbZ pkj O;fDr HkhM+ ds chp esa lsjkLrk cukrs gq, esjs ifr dks vkWVks ls mrkjdj Hkhrjyk jgs gSaA yM+[kM+krs dneksa ls mudks pyrs ns[kdjesjk dystk eq¡g dks vk x;k vkSj eSa iQiQd dj jksiM+hA

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56 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

¶dqN ugha gqvk] dqN ugha gqvk¸ dgrs gq, ,dlTtu eèkqlwnu dks iyax ij fyVkus yxsA rc eSausns[kk] mudk nkfguk gkFk [kwu ls yFkiFk iV~Vh esa caèkkFkkA eq>s pDdj lk vkus yxkA esjh vk¡[kksa ds lkeusvaèksjk Nk x;k] dqN gh nsj esa eSa fu<ky gksdj yq<+dxbZA ¶mUgsa D;k gks x;k] D;k esjs loZLo ugha cpsaxs\¸;g lkspdj eSa jksus yxhA eq>s èkhjt c¡èkkrs gq, muyksxksa us eq>s ml nq?kZVuk ds ckjs esa crk;k ftls lqudjeSa dk¡i mBhA mudh iQSDVªh esa os ftl e'khu ij dkedjrs Fks] mldk dksbZ uke crk;k mu yksxksa usA ;s mle'khu ij lkr lky ls dke dj jgs FksA mUgsa ble'khu dh dkiQh vPNh tkudkjh Hkh FkhA vkt mlhe'khu esa buds nkfgus gkFk dh lkjh m¡xfy;k¡ dVdjvyx gks xbZaA ml e'khu us gkFk dks cM+h csjgeh lspck Mkyk FkkA muds lkfFk;ksa us ml nq?kZVuk dksekewyh lk crk;k FkkA mUgsa vLirky ls gh yk;k x;kFkkA mu yksxksa us muds bykt dk iwjk vk'oklu fn;kAeèkqlwnu dks foJke dh vko';drk Fkh] lkFk ghikSf"Vd vkgkj rFkk noknk: ds fy, muds lkfFk;ksa usesjs gkFk esa dqN #i, j[k fn,A os lc esjs ifr ds ghiQSDVªh ds ;wfu;u ds dk;ZdrkZ FksA bl ladV dh ?kM+hesa brus lkjs yksxksa dk esjh enn ds fy, vk igq¡pukdsoy bZ'oj dh gh Ñik FkhA mu yksxksa dh lkaRouk lsvius vk¡lqvksa dks iksaNdj cM+s èkS;Z ls eSaus eèkqlwnudh vk¡[kksa esa >kad dj ns[kkA nq[k esa O;fDr fdrukvdsyk iM+ tkrk gSA fdarq nq[k ds Li'kZ ls iwoZ gh;fn dksbZ gesa lgkjk ns ns rks mlls eu dks tks jkgrfeyrh gS mldk vkHkkl eq>s thou esa igyh ckjgqvkA

iQSDVªh okyksa dks fonk dj tc eSa Hkhrj vkbZ rksesjs vanj dh ihM+k fiQj eq>s lkyus yxhA ysfdu blckj eSa ugha jksbZA eq>s jksus dk volj gh eèkqlwnu usugha fn;kA os vius BwaBuqek gkFk dks ns[kdj fgpdfgpd dj jksus yxs] eSa viuk lkjk èkS;Z cVksjdj]vius vk¡lqvksa dks jksddj] muds vk¡lw iksaNus yxhAmUgsa uUgsa f'k'kq dh Hkka¡fr eSaus vius lhus ls yxk fy;kvkSj viuh lkjh eerk mu ij maMsy nhA mUgsa <k¡<lc¡èkkrh jghA m¡xfy;ksa ds fcuk Hkh mudk thou iwoZorpyrk jgsxk] bldh ftEesnkjh eSaus vius Åij ys yhA

os vikj nq[k vkSj ihM+k ds lkxj esa Mwc pqds FksA mUgsaesjs çse ij Hkh lansg gksus yxkA

¶vkidk ,slk lkspuk Hkh dSlk ikxyiu gS &dgdj eSaus mUgsa MkaV fn;kA ¶os pkgs tSls Hkh gSa] esjsvius gSa] vkSj esjs çse dh ,slh vufxur ijh{kkvksa dhHkh eq>s ijokg ugha gS & eSaus lkspkA

muds [kwu ls lus] nokvksa dh iV~Vh esa caèks gkFkdks eSaus èkhjs ls vius gkFkksa esa ysdj gYds ls mlsvius gksBksa ls yxk fy;kA mlh {k.k mudks ,d cM+hfpark us vk ?ksjkA gkFk dh m¡xfy;ksa ds fcuk mudhukSdjh dk D;k gksxk\ ;fn ukSdjh pyh xbZ rks gekjkxqtkjk dSls gksxk\ fiQj nwljh ukSdjh dgk¡ feysxh\ esjsyk[k le>kus ij Hkh mudh ihM+k de ugha gqbZA varesa fdlh rjg uhan dh xksfy;k¡ nsdj mudks lqyk ikbZvkSj [kqn jkr Hkj tkxrh jghA

nwljs fnu mudh nq?kZVuk dh [kcj ikrs gh esjslkl vkSj llqj nksuksa vk igq¡psA ?kj esa fiQj jksuk&èkksuk'kq: gks x;kA ¶D;k bl jksus&èkksus dk dksbZ var ughagS\ ;s yksx D;k mUgsa laHkyus gh ugha nsaxs\¸ eSa ;glksp gh jgh Fkh fd mudh ;wfu;u ds dk;ZdrkZ vkigq¡psA mu yksxksa dks ns[kdj ?kj okys FkksM+k lrdZ gksx,A

¶ukSdjh ds ckjs esa fpark dh dksbZ ckr ugha gSA;fn rqEgsa ukSdjh ls fudky nsa rks fiQj gekjh ;wfu;ufdlfy, gS &dgk mu yksxksa usA ukSdjh vkSj eqvkotsdh leL;k ds lekèkku ds fy, mu ij NksM+ nsus dsfy, mu yksxksa us vkxzg fd;kA mudh ckrksa ls esjs ifrdks dkiQh eukscy çkIr gqvkA mUgksaus eq>s vius iklcqykdj vius ;wfu;u ds çeq[k ls esjk ifjp; djk;kvkSj muds pj.kksa esa eq>s ç.kke djus dks dgkA eSa?kcjkbZ gqbZ lh muds pj.kksa dh vksj c<+us yxh rks osihNs gV x,A

ml usrk us crk;k fd eèkqlwnu dh ukSdjh dhj{kk dsoy ;wfu;u vkSj mlds usrkvksa ds çHkko lsugha gqbZ cfYd Jfedksa esa fodflr ubZ lksp dsiQyLo:i gqbZ gSA Jfed vkanksyu ls igys iQSDVªh esanq?kZVukxzLr O;fDr ds fy, ykpkj gksdj ej tkus dsflok; vkSj nwljk dksbZ jkLrk ugha FkkA iQSDVªh dsekfyd dHkh mu yksxksa dh ijokg ugha djrs FksA

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 57

blhfy, Jfedksa us laxfBr gksdj vkRej{kk ds fy,dqN fu;e cuk, gSaA vr% vc eèkqlwnu dh leL;kvklkuh ls gy gks ldrh gSA iQSDVªh ds deZpkfj;ksa dsfy, vk;ksftr vusd dY;k.k ;kstukvksa ds lacaèk esamUgksaus gesa crk;kA eSa mudh ckrksa dks cgqr è;ku lslqurh jghA eSa le> xbZ fd esjs ifr dh fLFkfr esa iM+syksxksa dks vc fpark djus dh vko';drk ugha gSD;ksafd vc muds lkFk ;wfu;u gSA blls ge nksuksacgqr vk'oLr gq,A

,d eghus esa gh mudk gkFk iwjh rjg Bhd gksx;k] mudk ?kko Hkj x;kA iV~Vh [kqyokdj ftl fnuos vk,] ml jkr m¡xyh foghu gFksyh us esjs 'kjhj dkLi'kZ fd;k rks esjs lkjs 'kjhj esa ,d fofp=k lh >qj>qjhnkSM+ xbZA ysfdu eSaus tYn gh Lo;a ij dkcw ik fy;kvkSj fcuk m¡xfy;ksa dh ml gFksyh dks eSa çse ls pwerhjghA

;wfu;u okyksa dh dksf'k'kksa ls mudks mlh e'khuij j[k fy;k x;k vkSj mudh enn ds fy, ,dyM+ds dks Hkh fn;k x;kA eqvkots esa nl gtkj #i,Hkh feysA nq?kZVuk ds ckn mlh ukSdjh esa cgkyh dhotg ls eqvkotk de feyk Fkk] ysfdu ;wfu;u dsusrkvksa us gesa ml jde ls larq"V gksus dks dgkA pkjeghuksa esa gekjk thou fiQj ls igys tSlk gh pyusyxkA

mUgha fnuksa eq>esa xHkZorh gksus ds y{k.k fn[kkbZfn,A MkWDVjh tk¡p ls bldh iqf"V gks xbZA MkWDVj dhlykg ij eSa nok,¡ vkSj VkWfud ysus yxhA ifr esjh[kwc ns[kHkky djus yxsA os esjh gj fç; oLrq [kjhndjyk nsrs vkSj le; ij nwèk& iQy ysus ds fy, ftndjrsA

esjs fglkc ls rhu eghus chrs gksaxs] ,d 'kketc eSa vius my>s ckyksa dks lqy>krs gq, ckgj cSBhFkh rks vdLekr xHkkZ'k; esa 'kwy lk pqHkk vkSj eSa ,dvlguh; foLiQksVd ihM+k ls djkg mBhA cgqr nsjrd eq>s dqN u lw>kA eSa ml ihM+k dks lgus dhdksf'k'k dj jgh Fkh ysfdu og nnZ c<+rk gh tk jgkFkkA esjs Hkhrj ,d mcky&lk mB jgk Fkk tks bl ihM+kdks vkSj Hkh vlg~; cuk jgk FkkA Hkh"k.k nnZ ls esjseq[k ls tksj dh ph[k fudy iM+hA esjh ml ph[k dks

lqudj iM+kslu vk igq¡phA ml iM+kslu dks eSaus D;kcrk;k] dSls crk;k] eq>s dqN ;kn ughaA eSa csgks'k gkspqdh FkhA vk¡[k [kqyh rks vius dks vLirky esa ik;kAesjs iyax ds pkjksa vksj ?kj okys ekStwn FksA ek¡ vkSjfirk th Hkh vk x, FksA brus lkjs yksxksa dks ns[kdj]Lo;a ij dksbZ vugksuh ds ?kfVr gksus dh vk'kadk lsHkhrj gh Hkhrj eSa Mj xbZA esjs nksuksa gkFk caèks gq, FksA,d gkFk ls lsykbu vkSj nwljs gkFk ls [kwu p<+k;k tkjgk FkkA isV ij iV~fV;k¡ caèkh gqbZ FkhA Hkhrj dgha ijrksads uhps nnZ vHkh Hkh 'ks"k jg x;k FkkA tc eSa iwjhrjg gks'k esa vk xbZ rks ek¡ us eq>s èkhjs ls crk;k fdesjs Hkhrj iyus okyk fiaM xHkkZ'k; ls gVdj lkFk dsV~;wc esa c<+us yxk Fkk] tks vpkud iQV x;kA mldsiQVus ls Hkhrj [kwu tek gks x;k Fkk ftls lkiQ djusds fy, Ng ?kaVksa dk vkWijs'ku djuk iM+k FkkA blvkWijs'ku ds dkj.k eSa vc xHkZ èkkj.k ugha dj ldrhFkhA eSa vc dHkh ek¡ ugha cu ldrh FkhA bl Hk;kudlR; dk mn~?kkVu esjh ek¡ us gh fd;kA

¶dqN Hkh gks] de ls de rqEgkjh tku cpxbZ & dgdj ek¡ us ,d yach lkal yhA ek¡ dh ckrsaeq>s dqN fofp=k lh tku iM+haA ,d iy ds fy, eSavius vfLrRo dks igpkuus dk ç;Ru djus yxhAHkh"k.k >a>kokr ls èoLr bekjr dh Hkk¡fr eSa <g xbZAeèkqlwnu dks ns[krs gh esjs Hkhrj dk nq[k] Hkkoukvksa dsvkosx ls meM+ iM+kA eSa tksj ls jks iM+hA

¶jksrh D;ksa gks\ jksus ls viuh rdnhj ughacnysxh¸ cgqr #[kkbZ ls mUgksaus dgkA

eSa rks le>h Fkh fd os eq>s bl gky esa ns[kdj?kcjk tk,¡xsA esjs flj dks viuh xksn esa ysdj lgyk,¡xs]esjs vk¡lw iksaNdj eq>s lkaRouk nsaxsA ysfdu ,slk dqNugha gqvkA cfYd blds foijhr mudh utjksa esa mis{kkvkSj vkØks'k ds Hkko Li"V >ydus yxs Fks ftlsHkk¡idj eSa ?kcjk xbZA bldk dkj.k eSa ugha tku ikbZA

rqe vc cPpksa dks tUe ugha ns ldksxh blhfy,rqEgkjh lkl Hkh rqels ukjkt gS nwljs fnu ek¡ us eq>lsdgk rks eq>s ifr dh vk¡[kksa esa O;kIr vkØks'k dk vFkZle>k esa vk x;kA

¶ek¡] vc eSa D;k d:¡\¸ eSaus iwNkA

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58 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

¶rqe D;k dj ldrh gksA rqEgkjs Hkkx esa ;ghfy[kk FkkA 'kk;n larku dk ;ksx rqEgsa ugha gSA vc osyksx tks Hkh djsa gesa lguk rks iM+sxk ghA¸ dgdj ek¡nq[k ls jks iM+hA

Hk; ls esjh vk¡[ksa iFkjk xbZ FkhaA esjs vk¡lw lw[kx, FksA ml gkyr esa eq>s viuh csclh ij [kh> gksusyxhA esjs nq[k dk lgHkkxh dksbZ ugha FkkA eq>ls larkuçkfIr ugha gks ldrh] bl lPpkbZ us nSR;kdkj :ièkkj.k dj fy;k Fkk] tks lcdh fpark dk fo"k; cux;kA muesa ls fdlh dks eq>ls ys'k ek=k Hkh lgkuqHkwfrugha FkhA esjh ek¡ dh Hkh fpark ml vtUes f'k'kq dsçfr gh FkhA esjh ekufldrk VwVdj fc[kj jgh FkhAesjh bl nk#.k ekufld vkSj 'kkjhfjd ;a=k.kk ls fdlhdks ljksdkj ugha FkkA

vLirky dh ulZ us tc ;g dgdj FkksM+h lhlgkuqHkwfr trkbZ fd ¶fdruh cM+h tkuysok foifRrVy xbZ & rks ikl gh [kM+h esjh lkl us rikd lsdgk & ,slk Hkh thuk fdl dke dk\ mudh vka¡[kksaesa uiQjr ds Hkko Li"V >yd jgs FksA

eq>s viuh fLFkfr ij nq[k rks gks jgk Fkk ysfduvius nq[k ls vfèkd eèkqlwnu ds lacaèk esa eSa vfèkdfpafrr FkhA mUgsa eq>ls larku dh çkfIr ugha gksxhftlls mudk oa'k vkxs ugha c<+sxkA mudh laifRr dkdksbZ okfjl ugha gksxkA tkfgj Fkk fd eSa gh bufLFkfr;ksa ds fy, nks"kh gw¡] lc ;gh lkspsaxsA bèkj esjkbykt tkjh Fkk ijarq lc dqN ;a=kor py jgk FkkA eq>sek=k ,d vuqi;ksxh oLrq dh Hkk¡fr gh ns[kk tk jgkFkkA ?kj dh csdkj] iqjkuh] flykbZ&e'khu dh rjg eSaHkh ,d dksus esa iM+h Fkh] yksx eq>ls Åc pqds FksAvLirky ls esjs ?kj vkrs gh ek¡ vkSj firk th pysx,A fiQygky eq>s lkFk ys tkus dh bPNk tkfgj ughadh mUgksausA eq>s ek¡&firk th ds lkFk ugha tkrs ns[k]esjh lkl ds rsoj p<+ x,A ifr dk O;ogkj Hkh cnykgqvk utj vkus yxkA esjs çfr muesa mis{kk ds HkkoLi"V mHkjus yxs FksA eSa lc dqN lg ldrh Fkh] fdarqmuds n~okjk frjLdkj ugha lg ldrh FkhA esjs eu esavusd ç'u mBus yxs fdarq muesa ls fdlh dk mRrjeq>s ugha feykA os dSls ;g lksp ldrs gSa fd eSafcydqy O;FkZ gw¡\ D;k mUgksaus eq>ls dsoy cPps iSnk

djus ds fy, gh fookg fd;k FkkA thou esa çse vkSjlkgp;Z dk D;k dksbZ LFkku ugha\ D;k gekjk thouigys tSlk vuqjkxe; ugha gks ldrk\ D;k mUgsa eq>lsigys tSlk yxko ugha jgk\ D;k lalkj esa fcuk larkuds fL=k;k¡ ugha gSa\ D;k mudk nkaiR; thou lq[kh ughagS\ bu lc ckrksa ij tc eSa lksprh gw¡ rks eq>s #fDe.khekSlh dh ;kn vk tkrh gSA pkyhl o"kks± dh vk;q rdlarku çkfIr ds lkjs mik;ksa esa foiQy gksdj] ozrmiokl vkfn ç;Ruksa ls gkjdj mUgksaus vius HkkbZ dscsVs dks xksn ys fy;k FkkA

¶dqN Hkh gks larku fcuk ukjh thou lkFkZd ughagksrk¸& ek¡ vDlj dgk djrhA rks D;k fookg dky{; dsoy cPps iSnk djuk gh gS\ ukjh D;k bllalkj esa dsoy larkuksRifRr ds fy, gh tUe ysrh gS\D;k ukjh thou dh lkFkZdrk iq#"kksa ds fy, cPpsiSnk djus esa gh gSA

¶ukjh D;k dsoy ,d ,fEcz;ks vkSj nks vksojhtek=k gh gS & bl ij eSa ftruk lksprh gw¡ eq>s lalkjdh dksbZ L=kh larq"V ugha fn[kkbZ nsrhA ngst nsdj eSausrks fookg dj fy;kA ysfdu esjh dbZ lgsfy;k¡ ngstu nsus dh fLFkfr esa vHkh rd dqaokjh cSBh gSa] yksxmuds ckjs esa rjg&rjg dh ckrsa djrs gSaA mudks blfLFkfr dk lkeuk djus ds fy, cgqr la?k"kZ djukiM+rk gSA ngst ls vlarq"V llqjky ds vR;kpkjksa lsNqVdkjk ikus ds fy, esjh lgsfy;k¡] fueZyk vkSj ljkstus vkRegR;k dk ekxZ pqu fy;kA deyk dks rks mlhds ifr us ekj MkykA nksuksa ckj dU;kvksa dks tUe nsusds vijkèk esa esjh iM+kslu ikfjokfjd fgalk dh f'kdkjgks xbZA

vkt rd eSa fL=k;ksa ds çfr lekt ds ,sls'kks"kd O;ogkj ls dSls vutku Fkh\ lekt esa pkjksavksj ukjh dk d#.k vkrZukn O;kIr gS ysfdu ckgj;g fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk] D;ksafd ukjh lfg".kqrk dh lk{kkrewfrZ gSA

eq>s Lo;a ij xqLlk vkus yxkA vius vuqjkxe;nkaiR; dh dYiuk eq>s ew[kZrkiw.kZ yxhA esjh rjg ghvusd ew[kZ dqyoèkq,¡ vius LoIuyksd esa [kksbZ jgrhgSaA ge fL=k;k¡ nqyZHk çse dh ex ejhfpdk ds ihNs

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 59

nkSM+rs gq, viuk vewY; thou u"V dj jgh gSaA esjseu esa fopkjksa dk riwQku mB jgk FkkA

vkf[kj ,d fnu esjh lkl us vius f?kukSus bjknksals eq> ij geyk dj gh fn;kA mUgksaus dgk fd esjsdkj.k muds iq=k dk thou v'kkar vkSj vaèkdkje; gksx;k gSA og cspkjk lw[kdj dkaVk gqvk tk jgk gSA fparkmls fuxy jgh gSA tks fd ljklj xyr FkkA bèkj oseq>ls m[kM+s&m[kM+s ls jgus yxs Fks] ;g lp Fkk] fdarqblds vykok mudk thou lkekU; xfr ls gh pyjgk FkkA iQSDVªh esa mudks igys ls de dke fn;k tkjgk FkkA muds LokLF; esa dkiQh lqèkkj gks x;k FkkAfpark esa rks eSa ?kqyh tk jgh FkhA vkl&iM+ksl dhvkSjrksa dks vius lax cSBkdj eq>s lqukus ds fy, tcesjh lkl esjs ifr ds çfr fpark O;Dr djus yxh rkseq>s muds bjknksa dk irk pykA mUgksaus ,d fnu viuseu dh ckr esjs eq¡g ij gh dg MkyhA

ekrk vius iq=k dk nwljk C;kg jpkuk pkgrh FkhAlqudj eSa dk¡i mBhA frjLÑr vkSj viekfur

gksdj Hkh eSa fdlh rjg vius gh ?kj esa fnu fcrk jghFkhA vc os yksx eq>s esjs gh ?kj ls ckgj dj] mudsfy, nwljh L=kh ykuk pkgrs FksA

tc eSaus bl ckjs esa vius ifr ls iwNk rks &¶ek¡ iksrksa dks xksn esa f[kykus ds fy, cspSu gS] eSa D;kdj ldrk gw¡ & dgk mUgksausA mudh eq[k eqæk dksns[kdj eq>s irk py x;k fd viuh ek¡ dks HkM+dkusokys os gh FksA

¶rks vkius D;k lkspk gS\¸ &eSaus iwNkAeq>s rykd nsdj nwljk fookg djus dh viuh

;kstuk cgqr 'kkar Hkko ls mUgksaus crkbZAgekjh ckrphr cgqr vkSipkfjd rkSj ij 'kq: gqbZ

Fkh ysfdu var mldk esjs ifr dh èkedh ls gqvkAmuds dgus dk vk'k; ;gh Fkk fd fcuk fdlh fojksèkds eSa mUgsa rykd ns nw¡] vkSj ;fn ,slk ugha gqvk rkseq>ls viuk fiaM NqM+kus ds dbZ mik; muds ikl gSaAmuesa ls ,d nks dk ftØ mUgksaus fd;k rks esjs jksaxVs[kM+s gks x,A rRdky esjs ekrk&firk dks cqyok;k x;kvkSj eq>s muds lqiqnZ dj fn;k x;kA os pqipki gkFkckaèks muds lkeus [kM+s jgsA esjh lkl us Li"V 'kCnksa esadg fn;k fd mlh {k.k eq>s ?kj NksM+dj fudy tkuk

gksxkA og ?kj vc esjk ughaA muds fy, tks L=kh cPpsiSnk djsxh] ;g ?kj mlh dk gksxkA fookg ds ifo=kea=kksa dk vFkZ dsoy ifr ds oa'k dh on~fèk gh gSAfLFkfr Li"V gks pqdh FkhA eq>s muds ?kj esa muds fy,cPps iSnk djds] iky&iksldj cM+k djus dh ukSdjhnh xbZ FkhA bl ukSdjh dks eSaus ipkl gtkj #i;ksa dhfj'or nsdj [kjhnk FkkA vkt eSa ml dk;Z ds ;ksX;ugha jg xbZ bl dkj.k eq>s bl ukSdjh ls c[kkZLrfd;k tk jgk gSA lkFk gh fdlh ;ksX; O;fDr dks mlhdke ij j[kk tkus okyk FkkA 'kk;n fookg dk ;ghvFkZ gSA yksx bl vFkZ dks fNikdj fookg dk vFkZçse] vuqjkx] nkaiR; vkfn [kks[kys 'kCnksa esa <w¡<us dkç;kl djrs gSaA bls [kqydj ukSdjh is'kk dgus ls'kk;n yksx blfy, drjkrs gSa fd ukSdjh esa vfèkdkjksadh ekax gksxh] cksul dk çkoèkku gksrk gSA nkaiR;]ifrozR; & tSls 'kCnksa ds çfr rks fL=k;k¡ viuk loZLolefiZr djus dks rS;kj gks tkrh gSa vkSj çfrnku dhvkdka{kk ds fcuk gh vius HkkX; dks Lohdkj dj ysrhgSaA iq#"k ds çse dh iryh vkap Hkh L=kh dks fi?kykdj j[k nsrh gS vkSj os iq#"k dh vkjkèkuk djus yxrhgSaA yM+kdw* dgykus ds Hk; ls os viuh vko';drkvksadks tkfgj gh ugha djrhaA L=kh&iq#"k ds bl lacaèk dksfookg dgus esa tc brus ykHk gksa rks fiQj bls ukSdjhis'kk dkSu ekusxk\ eSa [kqydj bl 'kks"k.k dk fojksèkdjuk pkgrh Fkh] fdarq rc eSa vius vdsysiu ls =kLrvkSj Hk;Hkhr FkhA esjh bl ladV dh ?kM+h esa eq>svkJ; nsus okyk esjk viuk dksbZ ugha FkkA eSa furkarvdsyh FkhA esjs lkFk dh fL=k;ksa dks Hkh esjs nq[k dkvkHkkl ugha gks jgk FkkA ;g eq>s pkSadk jgk FkkA

ml fnu eèkqlwnu ds nq?kZVukxzLr gksus ij ;wfu;uds fdrus lkjs yksx vk igq¡ps FksA mu lcus mUgsafdruk èkhjt c¡èkk;k FkkA ekfydksa ls bykt dk iSlkykdj fn;k FkkA lcus lkFk gksus dk vglkl fnyk;kFkkA lkjs yksx ,dtqV gksdj mudh ukSdjh dh cgkyhds fy, yM+s FksA eqvkots dh jde ds fy, ekfydksads dbZ pDdj yxk, FksA mu yksxksa us eq>s fgEer nhFkhA esjs ifr dh ihM+k vkSj nq[k dks muds lg;ksfx;ksaus feydj ck¡V fy;k FkkA vkt os lc dgk¡ x,A ifrdk og gkFk] csdkj gksdj Hkh fdruh fj;k;rsa çkIr

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60 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

dj pqdk FkkA mls fe=kksa dk fdruk I;kj nqykj feykFkkA ml gkFk dh nq?kZVuk ds lkFk fdrus la?k"kZ vkSjvkanksyu tqM+s FksA tc eSa vius cPps dks tUe nsus dhçfØ;k esa nqHkkZX;o'k nq?kZVuk dk f'kdkj gqbZ rks eq>sviekfur dj ifr ds ?kj ls fudky fn;k x;kA esjhnq?kZVuk ds nks"kh 'kk;n ifr gh gSaA muds d.k dslekxe ls gh esjs 'kjhj dk og vax {kfrxzLr gqvk Fkk]ifj.kkeLo:i esjs 'kjhj dk ,d fgLlk dkVdj vyxdj fn;k x;k vkSj esjs ekFks ij ^cka>* 'kCn vafdrdj fn;k x;kA ;g dSlk U;k; gS\ esjh Hkh nq?kZVukmRiknu dh çfØ;k esa gh gqbZ FkhA eSa fdlh byktdjus okys O;fDr ds mRiknu dk;Z esa gh t[eh gqbZgw¡ rks eq>s bl lekt ls dksbZ fj;k;r ugha feyhA eq>sfdlh dh d#.kk ;k lgkuqHkwfr ugha feyhA eq>s fdlh

qqq

dk lg;ksx çkIr ugha gqvk cfYd eq>s gh dk;Z lsc[kkZLr dj fn;k x;kA esjh fdlh us FkksM+h Hkh ennugha dhA vkf[kj ;g vlekurk D;ksa\ esjs thou esa,dkdhiu dk "kM;a=k fdlus jpk\ ukjh ekrk] iRuh]iq=kh] lkl] cgw vkfn vusdksa oxks± esa caV xbZ gSA fdlusbudks brus oxksaZ esa ckaVkA nkaiR; vkSj ekrRo dkykyp nsdj fL=k;ksa dks D;ksa Nyk tk jgk gS\ lektesa O;kIr bl [kqys 'keZukd O;kikj dk inkiZQk'k djukgksxkA ukjh dh [kafMr ekufldrk dk mipkj <w¡<ukgksxkA eq> tSlh vHkkxu fL=k;ksa dk irk yxkuk gksxkA;gh esjs 'ks"k thou dk y{; gSA esjs thou dhlkFkZdrk lqgkx esa ugha cfYd 'kksf"kr ukfj;ksa dks cyçnku djus esa gh gSA

µ ÝySV ua- 310] dapjsyk VkWolZ] eq'khjkckn] gSnjkckn & 500020

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 61

ikaMs lnubafnjk nk¡xh

Vk mu gk Wy pk Sjkgs ds eksM + ij ,d iqjkuk edku gSA nqrYyk] i;kZIr cM+k]iqjkus NTtsnkj] fupyh eafty ij nqdkuasA ;g dLcs dseq[; cktkj dk eq[; pkSjkgk gS ftlds lkeus ;gh,d edku eq[;r% gSA bldh eq[;rk dh ,d vfrfjDrotg gS] blesa jg jgh lqanj yM+fd;ksa dh la[;kA

xgLokeh vkpk;Z th ;kuh ;gk¡ ds 'kkldh;fMxzh dkWyst ds iqjkus lsokfuoRr izkpk;Z th dh pkjcsfV;k¡ gqb±] mudh gn [kwclwjr ysfdu csgn dM+ohtqcku okyh choh lsA mu yM+fd;ksa dk c<+uk&i<+uklc tSls] edku ds nqrjiQk [kqys NTtksa ij gh gqvkAfiQj os C;kg&C;kgdj viuh llqjkyksa dks Hkh pyhxb± vkSj dc lfnZ;ksa&xfeZ;ksa dh NqV~fV;ksa esa lky&nj&lkyos ykSVrh gSa viuh ;qok gksrh csfV;ksa ds lkFk] bledku ds NTtksa dh jkSud esa btkiQk djusA ;gk¡ dsjgokfl;ksa esa vkpk;Z th dh la>yh csVh dud vkSjmldh nks r#.k csfV;k¡ gSa& egd vkSj pgd_ vkSjvc rd vkpk;Z th Hkh FksA os Hkys gh ipgRrj cjlds yxHkx gks x, Fks_ ij ckgj cSBd esa NTtksa dhf[kM+fd;k¡ [kksydj lksrs Fks] viuh ipiQSjk canwd esadkjrwl Mkys] gj vkgV ij Å¡ph] ncax] enkZukvkokt+ yxkus okys& dkSu gS\ ---- ,d cw<+k cCcj vcrd bl ngyht+ dk j[kokyk FkkA

dy vkpk;Z th dh rsjgoha FkhA HkO; vk;kstujgkA ,d rjg ls dLcs dk fny gh eR;qHkkst esa pykvk;k FkkA lSdM+ksa vknfe;ksa dk Hkkst FkkA mRrj izns'k

ds fdlh xjhc vapy ds ,d mPp f'kf{kr csjkstxkjlw;Zizdk'k ikaMs vc ls ipkl cjl igys ;gk¡ eè;izns'k ds bl x¡obZ dLcs esa u, [kqys ljdkjhegkfon~;ky; esa lgk;d izkè;kid dh ukSdjh ik x,FksA vkxs iwjk thou mudk (Hkys gh vkRek ds HkhrjmRrj izns'k dldrk jgk) ;gha chrkA ,d vkn'kZHkkjrh; f'k{kd dh dfBu] uhjl vkSj Hkhrjh xjhchnkjexj xfjeke;h lhekjs[kkvksa dk mUgksaus ftl rjg ekuj[kk thou Hkj] mlh riL;k ljh[ks thou dk iQy Fkkfd mudh ekSr ij yxHkx iwjk dLck jks iM+kA

fiNys rsjg fnuksa ls 'kksd O;Dr djus vkusokyksa dk rkark yxk gS_ D;ksafd ?kj esa dksbZ iq#"k 'ks"kugha jgk] vkus okys ?kj dh lqanj L=kh ds ikl dqN”;knk gh nsj cSB dj tkrs jgs gSaA rsjg fnu&jkrksa dhO;oLFkk lEgkyrh] FkdkoV ls pdukpwj gks pqdh gSdudA vc Hkh ysfdu] lq[kZ vk¡[kksa vkSj yLr psgjs lsHkaMkj&dejs esa rsjgoha Hkkst ls cps lkeku dks fglkchutj ls j[krh tk jgh gSA vk¡[kksa esa jg&jgdj vaèksjkNkrk gS] tqcku lw[k&lw[k tkrh gS] uhan ls psruknc&nc tk jgh gS] fiQj Hkh oks yxh gS iLr gkFkksa lsyxkrkj dke djusA nkÅ dh ;kn vkbZ] vkt gksrs rksviuh ncax&vk'khokZnh vkokt esa vkns'k&lk ns jgsgksrs] ¶dudks! fnu lhjk gks tkus nks] rc èkj&mBkysuk viuh ;s ek;kA---- ugha ekurh gks rks tkvks igysf'kdath cukdj ih yksA¸

fganh dgkuh

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62 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

dud dh vk¡[kksa ls >j&>j vk¡lw >jrs gSaA firkgksrs rks [kqn gh pgd dks vkokt ns nsrs]

¶ekSM+h] py viuh eEeh ds fy, f'kdath rkscukA¸

cSBd dh rjiQ utj mBrh gS_ ugha nkÅ dghals ugha iqdkj jgs! dud us vius liQsn iYyw lsvk¡[ksa iksNh vkSj fiQj lkeku dk fglkc tekus yxhA

¶eEeh] f'kadth!¸pgd HkaMkj&dejs ds njokts ij cM+s Vªs esa

f'kdath ds vkèkk ntZu fxykl fy, [kM+h gSA¶igys lc dks ns vkrha!¸¶lc rks fnu Hkj dwyj esa iljh gS] vki gh

bl xehZ esa vdsys tku nsrh gSaA¸¶,slh ckr ugha dgrs csVk tks dyg dk n~okj

[kksysA¸¶,d ckj dyg gks rks lc lkiQ rks gksA ;s D;k

fd datk, dks;yksa dh rjg os lc lqyx jgh gSa vkSjge mUgsa viuh gFkfy;ksa ij j[ks gq, gaSA¸

tcfd HkaMkj&dejs ds n~okj ij pgd viuhek¡ dks ;g dg jgh gS] vk¡xu ikj cSBd[kkus ds r[rij cSBh rhuksa ekSfl;k¡ blh vksj ns[krh gSaA rhuksa dsfnyksa esa Hkh pgd okyh gh ckr gS& ,d ckj [kwcdyg gks rks lc lkiQ gks! rhuksa cgusa gj rjg dhyM+kbZ ds fy, Hkjh cSBh gSa_ ysfdu rhuksa esa ls dksbZHkh 'kq#vkr djus dk bYtke vius flj ugha ysukpkgrhA nks cM+h cgusa] cw<+h jkedqekjh vkSj izkS<+k r`Irknks fnu igys gh vius ?kjksa ls vkbZ gSa vkSj lcls NksVhfjrq dy lqcg gh ;kuh ,su rjgoha ds fnu viusvkB lky ds csVs fpaVw ds lkFk jsyos LVs'ku ij mrjhFkhA egd vius NksVs LdwVj ls mls ysus LVs'ku xbZFkhA

rhuksa gh cgusa firk dh rsjgoha ds cgkus vlyesa bdV~Bh gqbZ bl edku dks cspusA cM+h vkSj ea>yhdks muds ifr;ksa us gj igyw le>k&cq>k dj Hkstk gSfd ftl Hkh nke fcds] edku csp&ckp dj vius#i, ysrh vkukA fjrq dks fdlh ls dqN le>us dht:jr dHkh ugha gS] oks [kqn gh cgqr [ksyh&[kkbZ gaSnqfu;knkjh esaA vc ikaMs lnu esa bl le; gkykr ;g

gSA fd ;s rhuksa gksBksa ij ckrsa rS;kj èkjs cSBh gSa ysfdupqi gSaA vkf[kj viuh foèkok cgu dks ?kj ls cs?kjdj nsuk dksbZ g¡lh&BV~Bk rks gS ughaA fcjknjh esa Fkw&Fkwrks gksuh gh gS D;ksafd ekeys esa ,d isap ;s Hkh gS fdnkÅ us vius thrs th gh bu rhuksa csfV;ksa dks mudsegkuxjksa esa mudh ilan ds IykWV Hkh fnyok fn, FksArhuksa gh ds ifr;ksa ds vuqekuksa esa bl edku dhdher lkB ugha rks ipiu&ipkl yk[k rks t:j ghBgjrh gS fdlh Hkh ejh&fxjh gkyr esa] vkSj tks ngst;k IykWV mUgsa feys Fks os rks bl edku dh orZekudher ds vkxs fnBkSuk Hkj FksA

pgd us f'kdath ds fxykl Hkjs Vªs dks lkèks&lkèkscSBd[kkus esa igyk dne j[kk gh Fkk fd fctyh xqygks xbZA

¶ysvks] vc xbZ fnu Hkj ds fy,!¸ cM+h ekSlhjkedqekjh us r[+r ij ysVs&ysVs dgkA tc rd cangq, dwyj dh BaMd ckdh gS] os ysVh gh jgus okyhgSaA

¶fnu Hkj ds fy, ugha cM+h ekSlh] fctyhdVkSrh nksigj ds pkj ?kaVksa ds fy, gksrh gS clA¸

pgd Vªs ydM++h dh iqjkuh es”k ij j[krh gSftldh cn&gkyr <k¡ius ds fy, ml ij lnk estiks'kfcNk jgrk gSA

¶ge rks jktèkkuh esa jgrs gSa] fefuV Hkj dksykbZV ugha tkrh ogk¡] gekjk ,- lh- nksigj esa ,d iydks can ugha gksrkA jkr Hkj pyrk gS lks vyxA ;gk¡rks thou ujd gSA¸ gkFk ia[kk >yrh ea>yh ekSlhdgrh gSaA ;s gkFk ds ia[ks egd vkSj pgd us ?kj esagh cuk, gSa] iqjkus diM+ksa vkSj Åu lsA

¶LoxZ lc jktèkkfu;k¡ vius uke p<+k ysrh gSavkSj dLcksa&nsgkrksa dks ujd esa NksM+ nsrh gSaA¸

¶Hkys dLcs esa gks] ysfdu ;s ?kj igys dHkhujd u Fkk_ tks cuk j[kk gS lks rqe ek¡&csfV;ksa us ghoukZ gekjh vEek ds tekus esa rks ?kj esa tsujsVj gksrkFkkA [kkl mudh ftn ij nkÅ us fnYyh ls eaxok;kFkkA rc iwjs cqansy[kaM esa fdlh ds ;gk¡ tsujsVj jgkgksxk flok; lsBksa vkSj jkts&jtokM+ksa dsA dgk¡ x;k okstsujsVj\¸

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 63

¶ukuk th dk lc lkeku vc E;wft;e esa j[kusyk;d gks x;k gSA¸ &dgrh gqbZ pgd vk¡xu dh vksjpyh xbZA

¶lqu jgh gks ft;k] bl yM+dh dh ckrsa\¸ysfdu ea>yh ekSlh dh jk; esa jk; feykus ds

ctk;] r[+r ij vèkysVh cM+h ekSlh us ;s dgk]¶f'kdath dk fxykl rks mBkdj ns tkrh uklihVhA¸

fxykl mBkdj ,d&nks ?kwaVksa esa gh mUgksaus iwjk[kkyh dj fn;kA est ij j[ks Fkkyh Hkjs lqikjh ds xV~VsmBk fy, tks FkksM+h gh nsj igys mUgksaus HkaMkj&dejs lseaxok, Fks dud dks vkokt nsdjA rsjgoha ds fy,cgqr lqikjh vkbZ FkhA 'kk;n cM+h ekSlh ;s lqikjh ystk,¡xh] ihry ds bl izkphu MCcs ds lkFk ftlesa okslqikjh drj&drj dj j[kus yxh gSaA ;s dykRedMCck vEek ds ngst esa muds ek;ds ls vk;k Fkk vkSjvc rd blh cSBd[kkus esa blh est ij jgk gSA---ysfdu vkt ;g Hkh nk¡o ij gS] Bhd bl ?kj dhrjgA

pgd gkFk esa ikuh ls Hkjh ckYVh vkSj yksVkysdj cSBd esa ykSVrh gS vkSj f[kMfd;ksa ij ijnksa lhMyh ck¡l dh fpd dks ikuh ls rj djus yxrh gSAlcls NksVh ekSlh fjrq dk yM+dk fpaVw f'kdath dkfxykl mBkus esa yq<+dk nsrk gSA

¶pgd] ;s lc lkiQ dj ns vkSj fpaVw dsgkFk&iSj èkqykdj blds diM+s cny ykA¸

pgd dqN ugha dgrhA pqipki fpd ij yksVsls ikuh Mkyrh jgrh gSA vxys gh iy esa fjrq ekSlhdk psgjk rerek tkrk gS]

¶dSlh <hB yM+dh gS!¸vkSj vius yM+ds dk gkFk idM+dj mls vk¡xu

dh rjiQ [khaprh ys tkrh gS]¶py! ,d fefuV dks pSu ugha bl dehus ds

ekjs!¸pgd pqipki viuk dke djrh gSA cM+h ekSlh

MCcs esa ls] nkÅ dh 'ks"k NwVh rack[kw dks mBk&mBkdjgFksyh ij jxM+&jxM+dj [kSuh cukus ds ckn ea>yh lslk>k djrh gSaA egd gkFk esa nwljk estiks'k vkSj iksNsdh ckYVh fy, dejs esa vkrh gSA estiks'k cnyus ds

ckn iQ'kZ iksaNrh gqbZ] pgd ls dgrh gS]¶D;ksa rqeus NksVh ekSlh dks ukjkt+ dj fn;k\¸ilhuk iksaNrh dud Hkh vk cSBrh gS vkSj gkFk

dk ia[kk >yus yxrh gSA cM+h ekSlh iwNrh gS]¶[kkus esa fdRrh nsj gS\¸¶cl ekSlh] crZu ek¡tdj jksfV;k¡ gh lsadus

tkÅ¡xhA¸¶vk; gk;] rqe rhuksa ek¡&csfV;k¡ djrh D;k

jgrh gks fnu Hkj\ rqe yksxksa dk dke u fleVrk gSuk lSykrk gS\ fnu ds ckjg ct x,] lcsjs dk iksgk[kk, gSa] vc rd [kkuk ugha cukA vHkh crZu e¡tsxsfiQj jksfV;k¡ iM+saxh rc Fkkfy;k¡ yxsaxh! dS cts ijkslksxhfiQj gesa\ lksprh gks fd jksVh gh u nks] vius vkiHkkx tk,¡xh rhuksa ekSfl;k¡A

¶dke lSyk,xk dSls budk ft;k\ bUgsa ;s nqdkusa&oksfNikus ls iQqlZr feys rc rks\ nkÅ dh mfr;k&iqfr;kutj Hkj tk¡p u ysa ge_ gj lky ;gh djrwrsa rks ns[ktkrs gSa! dkSu ubZ ckr gS\¸

¶nqdk;k&fNik;k dqN ugha gS ;gk¡ fdlh us_ tksgS [kqys esa gSA¸ & dud us Hkjld lgt vkokt esadgkA

¶D;k gS [kqys esa\¸ fjrq Hkhrj ls ykSVrh dgrhgS] ¶okW'kosf'ku dk uy VwVk gS rks rhu cjl ls VwVkgh gSA edku ugha iqrk rks ik¡p cjl ls iqrk gh ughagSA jlksbZ dh VkbZYl >M+ jgh gSaA xn~ns&rfd,&pknjasiQVdj phFkM+ksa esa cny jgs gaSA¸

¶bYtke fdls nsrh gks fjrq_ rqels D;k fNik gS!nkÅ dh isa'ku ls ?kj pyrk jgk gS vc rdA vkSj tksiSlk Fkk mudk cSad esa mlls ;s rsjgoha gks xbZ tSlhfd mudh vkf[kjh bPNk FkhA¸

ea>yh cgu lcls vkxs vk xbZ]¶nkÅ dh isa'ku de ugha Fkh rqe yksxksa ds [kpZ

ds fglkc ls cgqr gh FkhA ;s tks lksus dh psu rqeusxys esa iguh gS lks rqEgkjs ifr ds jgrs rks dHkh uigu ikbZ gksxh rqe! vc ;s Hkh crk nks fd vEek dstsoj dgk¡ gS\¸

¶ukuh fdrus lkyksa chekj jgha] vkf[kjh nks cjlrks fcLrj ij gh lc dqN gksrk Fkk mudkA gekjh

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64 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

eEeh us mUgsa fcuk muls f?ku fd,] mUgsa fdlh NksVscPps dh rjg lEgkyk] frl ij Hkh ejrs le; rdmudh dM+oh tqcku can ugha gqbZ FkhA gekjh eEeh usvkSj ge lc us fdruk lgk mudks vkSj fdruh lsokdh mudh] rc u vkb± vki yksx_ vkb± Fkha rks mudhrsjgoha ij lks Hkh fnu&nks fnu dh iQqlZr fudkydjtSls vHkh vkb± gSa] ukuk th dk nq[k eukus ugha] gesaywVusA¸

ek¡ jksdrh gS]¶pgd] pqi jgksA ekSfl;ksa ls bl rjg ckr djrs

rqEgsa 'keZ ugha vkrhA¸¶yM+fd;ksa dks [kwc iV~Vh i<+k j[kh gSA ;s

vPNk gS] ek¡ pqi jgs] csfV;k¡ gesa uaxk dj nsaA¸ & fjrq[kwc rst ph[krh gSA

cM+h ekSlh Vksdrh gS]¶bruh rst u cksyks fjrq! ckgj ck”kkj gSA yksx

dgsaxs vkpk;Z th dh csfV;k¡ laifRr ds fy, yM+rhgaSA¸

lc iy Hkj dks pqi gks tkrh gSaA dud f[kM+dhdk fpd gVkdj ckgj dh xeZ gok dks Hkhrj vkusnsrh gSA

¶ft;k] vEek ds tsoj lc mudh chekjh esa ghfcd x,A muds bykt ds fy, nkÅ us tks yksu fy;kFkk vius isa'ku [kkrs esa] lks iVkus ds fy, uhps dsrhuksa nqdkunkjksa ls ,d&,d lky dk fdjk;k ,Mokalfy;k Fkk] vHkh pkj eghus vkSj dksbZ nqdkunkj fdjk;ku nsxkA cl] nkÅ dksbZ ½.k ugha NksM+ x,] ;gh n;kgS bZ'oj dh oukZ u dksbZ tsoj ckdh gS vkSj u cSadesa #i;k gh cpk gSA¸

dud mB tkrh gS]¶pyks pgd] crZu e¡tok yw¡ rqEgkjs lkFkA egd

rqe jksfV;k¡ lsdksA¸dud viuh liQsn lwrh lkM+h ls psgjs dk

ilhuk iksaNrh jlksbZ dh vksj pyh tkrh gaSA ihNs&ihNspgd&egd Hkh pyh tkrh gaSA vc rhuksa ekSfl;k¡lukdk [kkbZ gqbZ&lh ,d&nwljs ds lkeus cSBh gSaA fjrqdk yM+dk fiQj uhps dh nqdku ls fpIl ykus dks

Bqudus yxkA fjrq mls rekpk fn[kk gh jgh Fkh fdcM+h ekSlh us Cykmt+ esa ls NksVk ilZ fudkydj nldk uksV mls idM+k fn;k] oks lhf<+;ksa ij mrjrk Hkkxx;kA rhuksa cgusa vc pqipki cSBh gSa] psgjksa ij ilhukgS] ekFks ij f'kduA

cM+h ekSlh viuh iz'kkar vkokt esa ppkZ dks u,fljs ls 'kq: djrh gSa]

¶budk fjVk;jesaV Hkh vc ikl gSA nks yM+fd;ksadh 'kkfn;ksa esa gh thou dh lc tek&tksM+ yqV xbZAnksuksa gh nkekn ljdkjh ukSdjh okys ns[ks_ gekjh rksdej gh VwV xbZ ngst tqVkrs&tqVkrsA luk<~; czkg~e.kksaesa rks oSls Hkh nkeksa ij gh feyrk gS yM+dk pkgs ftl?kj dk gks] fiQj ljdkjh ukSdjh okyk nkekn ikuk gksrc rks le> yks [kky fNy tkrh gS yM+dh okyksa dh]ngst ds dksM+s [kkrs&[kkrsA¸

¶rqe Hkh rks ft;k dHkh thtk th dks vius gkFkesa ugha ys ikb±A mudh iwjh ukSdjh chr xbZ] u dHkhosru rqEgkjs gkFk vk;k] u dHkh pkj iSls nqdk ikb±x`gLFkh lsA xkfy;k¡ vkSj twrs [kkrh jgh nk:cktvkneh ds lks vyxA vjs] iRuh vxj fnu&jkr lsokdjs rks dqN gkFk Hkh rks cuk, viukA¸ ea>yh usvius dku dh ubZ Mcy >qedh yVdu dks Nwrs gq,dgk tks mlus lkyksa dh Nqih cpr ls fiNys gh fnuksacuokbZ gS vkSj ifr dks ;s vius ek;ds dk migkjcrk;k gSA

cM+h ekSlh BaMh lk¡l ysdj thou dk flagkoyksdudjrh gSa]

¶rks vkSj D;k djrh\ ek;ds esa NksVh mej lsgh lc dke lesVkA vius gkFk&ik¡o dh djuk ughatkurh Fkh vkSj jksVh cukuk tku xbZ FkhA rhuksa NksVhcguksa dh nwljh ek¡ Fkh ,d rjg ls vkSj vkèkhxgLFkuA jksVh tyrh Fkh rks vEek fpeVs ls m¡xfy;k¡fp[kk nsrh FkhaA ,slh ek¡ bZ'oj nq'eu dks Hkh u nsAianzg lky dh mej esa eq>s ,sls dqucs esa C;kg fn;kfd tgk¡ pksj&mpDdk pkSèkjh] dqVuh HkbZ izèkkuA¸

vkxs dgrs cM+h ekSlh ds vk¡lw cgus yxs]¶nkÅ rks fdruk yM+s Fks fd bruh&lh cPph

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 65

dk C;kg er djks jktjkuh ysfdu esjs nks lky iQsygksus dh ckr dks vEek us ,slk jkbZ dk igkM+ cuk fn;kfd nkÅ fiQj muls ikj u ik ldsA ftldh ekrk gh'k=kq gks tk, ml larku dk thou u"V gksus ls fiQjdkSu jksd ldrk gS\\¸

¶ysfdu ft;k] thtk th dh ukSdjh yxrs gh rksrqe muds lkFk pyh xbZ Fkha] fiQj ?kj Hkh viuk nwjds 'kgj esa cuk;kA¸

¶HksM+ tgk¡ tk,xh] ogha eqMsxhA cpiu ls bRrhiQVdkjsa vkSj ekjsa [kkb± fd vkRek lge xbZA rqe rkusnsrh gks fd viuk gd D;ksa ugha ys ldha_ rks vc;gha fey tk, rks thou liQy ekuw¡A csVk nqdkuMkyus ds fy, Bqudk cSBk gSA dkeèkaèks ls yxs rksmldk C;kg gksA eSa rks dgrh Fkh fd nkÅ dk fn;kIykWV cspdj yM+ds dks iSls ns nks ysfdu ;s ugha ekusAbUgksaus rks lkiQ dg fn;k gS] gj gky esa edku cspdjvkuk oukZ---¸ cM+h ekSlh iYyw ls vk¡lw iksaNrh gS_ ifrdh ekj dk Hk; muds psgjs vkSj vkokt esa lkiQ gSA

¶bRrk lhèkk Hkh ugha gksuk pkfg, ft;kA vc rkscgw vkus ds fnu vk x,A D;k cgw ds vkxs Hkh ekj[kkrh jgksxh\ csVk dqN ugha dgrk\¸

¶oks dgrk gS eEeh eq>s dqN èkaèkk djok nksAvius iSjksa ij [kM+k gks tkÅ¡ fiQj ns[krk gw¡ ikik dSlsrqe ij gkFk mBkrs gSa vkSj dSls 'kjkc ihrs gSa!¸

---lkiQ gks x;k fd bl edku dks cspus ds fy,cM+h ekSlh ij fdruk Hkkjh ncko gS muds ?kj ds nksuksaiq#"kksa dkA

uhps nqdku ls fpIl ysdj fpaVw ykSVk vkSjviuh ek¡ dh xksn esa cSBdj mldk iQksu Nhuus yxkAe¡gxk&lk iQksu fjrq us mlds gkFk ls okfil Nhu fy;krks fpaVw ph[kus yxk]

¶eq>s xse [ksyus nks] ugha rks ek:¡xk lkyhA¸¶ys tk] ej lkysA¸fjrq us mls xksn ls èkdsy fn;kA fpaVw tehu ij

fxj iM+k vkSj yksV&yksVdj jksus yxkA fjrq ds psgjs ijiy Hkj dks vlguh; Øksèk mHkjk_ fiQj foo'krkAgkFk&iSj iQsadrs yM+ds dks mlus tcju [kM+k fd;kvkSj fiQj vk¡xu dh rjiQ èkdsy fn;k]

¶lsyiQksu fey x;k uk] vc ej ;gk¡ ls!¸iyVdj fpaVw us ek¡ dks ,d èkDdk ekjk vkSj

lsyiQksu ij xse pkyw djrk] vk¡lw iksaNrk] vk¡xu dsihNs okys dejs dh rjiQ Hkkx x;kA nksuksa cM+h cgusaxkSj ls iwjh ?kVuk ns[k jgh FkhaA nksuksa us ,d&nwljs dkslgefr dh utj ls ns[kk] fiQj ea>yh us ckr 'kq:dh]

¶yM+ds dks rqeus [kwc gh fcxkM+ fy;k gSA rqEgsaiyVdj ekjrk gS] xkyh nsrk gS_ cPps ,sls ikys tkrsgSa fjrq\\¸

¶eSa vdsyh tku D;k&D;k d:¡\ fpaVw ds ikikrks tSls thou esa gSa] tSls ugha gSaA eSa rks] lef>, fdpkSchlksa ?kaVs dke djrh jgrh gw¡A lcsjs ik¡p cts lCthc?kkjuh iM+rh gSA igys ;s nÝrj dks fudyrs gSa fiQjfpaVw Ldwy tkrk gS fiQj fxjrh&iM+rh eSa viuh ukSdjhij tkrh gw¡A Ldwy ls ykSVdj cspkjk cPpk [kqn gh ?kjdk rkyk [kksyrk gS vkSj tks fÚt esa fey tk,] [kkysrk gSA vanj ls dqaMh can j[kus dh etcwjh vyx gSmldh D;ksafd ÝySV esa vdsyk gksrk gSA vc oks fnuls jkr Vh- oh- u ns[ks rks vkSj djs D;k\ eSa nÝ+rj lsykSVrs gh ?kj ds dkeksa esa ejrh&[kirh gw¡] fiQj jkr dk[kkuk cukrh gw¡ vkSj lkFk esa fpaVw dks i<+krh Hkh gw¡Ablds ikik dks esjs lq[k&nq[k ls dksbZ eryc ughaAfnu <ys ykSVrs gSa lks Hkh ,dne pdukpwj] fdlhdke ds ughaA esjh dkj dk yksu] esjs ÝySV dk yksu]esjs ySiVkWi dk yksu& cl flok; yksu] yksu xkus dsbuds eq¡g ls dksbZ <ax dh ckr ugha fudyrhA ?kj dkdksbZ dke crkvks ;k iSls ekaxks rks xkyh cdus yxrsgSa] eq>s ÝySV ls ckgj fudkyus ij mrj vkrs gSaA genksuksa tc Hkh ,d lkFk cSBdj ckr djrs gSa] >xM+k gkstkrk gS_ blls rks vPNk gS fd gekjs chp dksbZ ckrgh ugha gksrhA os Vh- oh- ds lkeus iM+s&iM+s [kkuk [kkysrs gSaA ugha rks] ySiVkWi ;k lsyiQksu ij psfVax djrsjgrs gSaA vc ,sls ekgkSy esa cPpk ft, Hkh rks dSls\gj oDr ;k rks dkVwZu ns[krk jgrk gS ;k Vh- oh- ij;k fiQj esjs lsyiQksu esa xse [ksyrk jgrk gSA fdlh dsikl blls ckr djus dk oDr gks rc rks cspkjk ckrdjus dh reht lh[k ik,A

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66 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

¶rks rqe ?kj esa dksbZ ukSdjkuh D;ksa ugha j[k ysrhatks cPps dks ?kqek,&fiQjk,] mlds lkFk [ksys] rktk[kkuk cukdj f[kyk,] mlls ckrsa djs\ rqEgkjs ÝySV esapkj dejs gS uk_ ,d dejs esa vkjke ls dksbZ HkhukSdjkuh jg ysxhA¸

¶'kgj esa LFkkbZ ukSdj brus eagxs gSa ftrukdekrh ugha gw¡] mruk [kpZ dSls dj nw¡\¸

¶rks fiQj vius cPps dk loZuk'k D;ksa dj jghgks\ D;ksa djrh gks ,slh ukSdjh fd ftlesa u pkj iSlstqM+s vkSj u gh cPps dks vPNh ijofj'k ns ikvks\¸

¶ukSdjh u d:¡ rks fiQj eSa d:¡ D;k fnu&jkrml ÝySV esa vdsyh iM+h&iM+h\¸

egkuxjh; thou dk Hk;kog ,dkdhiu fjrqdh vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw cu mrj vk;k gSA oks njoktk[kksydj] rirs NTts ij vkdj [kM+h gks tkrh gSA uhpscktkj esa vkrs&tkrs yksxksa vkSj okguksa dh vius esaO;Lr ,d nqfu;k gSA >qylrh xehZ esa fjrq NTts ij>qdh uhps ns[k jgh gS ysfdu iyVdj dksbZ utjÅij dks ugha mBrhA èkwi dh vlguh;rk ls oks nksdne ihNs gV tkrh gSA mls ;kn vkrk gS oks le;tc blh NTts ij oks [kM+h gksrh Fkh rks lM+d ijlhfV;k¡ ctus yxrh FkhaA dkWyst dks fudyrh Fkh rkspkgus okys ikaMs lnu ls xYlZ dkWyst vkSj xYlZdkWyst ls ikaMs lnu rd ihNs&ihNs NksM+us vkrsAmldh lqanjrk dh ppkZ dLcs Hkj esa jgrh_ yM+fd;k¡fp<+rh_ yM+ds v'k v'k djds jg tkrsA fdruh lqanjfjrq! i<+us&fy[kus] iguus&vks<+us esa fdruh gksf'k;kjfjrq!& fjrq! fjrq!! fjrq!!

fdruk lqanj Fkk mldk r#.k thou tc rdfd mls jes'k ls I;kj u gqvk FkkA& jes'k!! lclsc<+&p<+dj I;kj dk nkok djus okyk vkf'kd tksdLcs dh lM+dksa ij mlds rk¡xs ds ihNs lkbfdypykrs le;] izsei=k tcjnLrh mls idM+krs le; ;k^vkbZ yo ;w fjrq* fpYykrs le; rks [kwc enkZuxhfn[kkrk Fkk ysfdu tc okLrfod thou esa fjrq dklkFk fuHkkus dk le; vk;k rc\\ --- tc jes'k dhuoC;kgrk viuh lkl&uun ds lkFk ikaMs lnu dsvanj rd vk xbZ Fkh mldks ihVus fd oks vc jes'kls feyuk&tqyuk NksM+ D;ksa ugha nsrh] rc\\ ---

vkuu&iQkuu esa vkpk;Z th us ,d egkuxj esa ekewyhizkbosV ukSdjh dj jgs fcjknjh ds meznjkt ysfdudqyhu oj ls mls C;kg fn;k Fkk rc \\--- jes'k us'kknh okys fnu mlds gksus okys ifr dks iQksu djvius vkSj fjrq ds 'kjhj ls ysdj vkRek rd ds I;kjdk nkok is'k dj fn;k Fkk] rc \\ & fjrq us viusthou ds lkFk gq, igys èkks[ks dks tkuk Fkk fd jes'kdk I;kjk okLro esa ,d Hkw[k Fkh_ ,d dk;j xhnM+dh vlguh; Hkw[k!!

fiQj mlus yk[k le>k;k&cgyk;k&fj>k;k ysfduifr ds fny esa 'kknh ds igys fnu ls gh xk¡B iM+ xbZFkh_ bruh lqanj] i<+h&fy[kh] Hkjiwj ngst ds lkFk vkbZiRuh dk t:j dksbZ izseh Fkk ftls mldh bruh T;knk'kkjhfjd ryc Fkh fd ,su 'kknh ds fnu nwYgs dks iQksuyxk cSBk! ----vkpk;Z th us viuh cnuke csVh dksmlds xys e<+ fn;k!

fiQj fjrq dks vius oSokfgd thou esa vius ifrls u jRrh Hkj I;kj feyk u lEekuA lc dksf'k'kksa lsFkd&gkjdj mlus viuk eu ifr dh rjiQ ls gVk;kvkSj vèkwjs NwVs Lukrd dh i<+kbZ 'kq: dhA lkyksa rdoks i<+rh jghA ch- ,- fd;kA ,e- ,- fd;kA ch- ,M-fd;kA ih-th-Mh-lh-,- fd;kA ,e- ch- ,- Hkh djMkyk_ ysfdu <ax dh ukSdjh vxj fganqLrku esa lnSo;ksX;rk ds cwrs feyrh gksrh rks vkt eqYd dh rLohjnwljh gksrhA fjrq ,d izkbosV nÝ+rj esa ukSdjh djusyxhA ek;dsokyksa dh gM+dkbZ] fj'rsnkjksa ls xfj;kbZ]ifr dh nqRdkjh fjrq dks ,d lgdehZ ls I;kj gksx;kA pkj fnu dh pk¡nuh tSls ml I;kj esa lgdehZdh 'kkjhfjd Hkw[k mls jes'k dh ;kn fnykrh Fkh vkSj;s fj'rk cgqr tYn VwVk tc I;kj dh lPpkbZ tk¡pusds edln ls fjrq us vius izseh ls lksus ds daxufnyokus dh ftn dj yhA lgdehZ dh vxyh izsfedkefgyk ckWl us fjrq dks nÝrj ls cnpyuh ds bYtkeds lkFk ckgj dj fn;k Fkk] vxys gh eghus --- vkSj;s ckr fjrq ds ifr dks Hkh ekywe py xbZ Fkh!

vxys nÝ+rj esa] vHkkfxu dks fiQj izse gks x;k_ysfdu dqN gh gÝrksa esa fjrq us [kqn gh ml nÝrj lsukSdjh NksM+ nh vkSj viuk lsyiQksu uacj Hkh cny

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 67

fy;kA--- ml nÝrj dk mldk izseh ckWl ilZ] lwV]lSafMy tSls migkjksa ds cnys viuh foÑr 'kkjhfjdHkw[k 'kkar djrk Fkk] fjrq ljh[kh deZpkfj;ksa lsA

vc fjrq ftl nÝrj esa dke dj jgh gS] ogk¡mldk dksbZ izse ugha gqvkA rhu cjl ls oks bl ukSdjhesa gS ftlesa osru de gS dke cgqrA fjrq dk fny blukSdjh ls Åc x;k gSA mls njvly vc thou esalcdqN ls Åc gksus yxh gSA --- dHkh fj'rs&ukrsnkjhls dV tkus ds nq[k esa [kwc fclwj yhA ----dHkh ifrds I;kj ds fy, [kwc rjl yhA --- dHkh i<+kbZ]ukSdjh] izsfe;ksa esa [kwc ;qok lky [kpZ dj pqdhthou dsA

vc fjrq dh iwjh psruk èku&nkSyr ij vkdsafnzr gqbZ gSA oks dqN jde tksM+dj (D;ksafd yksu'kCn ls gh mls ?k.kk gS) nkÅ ds fn, IykWV ij viuky?kq mn~;ksx 'kq: djuk pkgrh gS] peMs+ ds ilZ cukusdkA blh ;kstuk dh uhao ij vius lqnwj Hkfo"; dkoks 'kkunkj caxyk [kM+k djuk pkgrh gS] ftlesa oksvius cPps ds lkFk] iwjh 'kkuks&'kkSdr dh ftanxh thukpkgrh gS ysfdu vdsyhA ifr ls oks rykd ys ysxhvkSj vkxs thou esa fdlh iq#"k ls gfxZt izse u djsxhAvius lqugjs Hkfo"; dh dYiukvksa esa gh vktdy oksthrh gS] ysfdu Hkfo"; dks orZeku cukus esa fnDdr;s is'k gS fd ifr rks O;kikj djus dh Hkyh pykbZ]?kj&xgLFkh ds [kpZ ds fy, dHkh i;kZIr #i, ughansrs gSaA vc fjrq vxj viuh ekewyh izkbosV ukSdjh lsiSlk tksM+us dh lkspsxh rks thou ds vkSj cgqr lkybUgha vlguh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa u"V gks tk,¡xs cRrhllky dh fjrq dsA

tkfgj gS fjrq dks bl edku dks cspus ls dksbZugha jksd ldrk & D;k bZ'oj Hkh ugha\\

pgd igys ikuh fiQj lykn] vpkj] ikiM+vkSj pVuh j[k xbZ gSA gkFk iksaNrh dud vk¡xu lspyh vkbZ gSA crZu e¡t x, gSaA [kkuk Hkh cu x;k gSAFkkfy;k¡ vk xb±A pkjksa cgusa [kkus cSBhaA egd jlksbZ esajksfV;k¡ lsad jgh gS vkSj pgd yk&ykdj lcdksijkslrh tk jgh gSA cM+h ekSlh jlksbZ ls cSBd rd ,dutj Mkyrh gS_ fcu cki dh cfPp;k¡ gj le; dke

djrh jgrh gSaA vkèkh ek¡&lh cM+h cgu dh utj esavc dud gSA liQsn lkM+h dk iYyk flj ij Mkys]>qds psgjs ls pqipki [kkuk [kkrh gSA cM+h dk fnyfd;k] flj ij rlYyh dk gkFk iQsj ns dudks dsAcw<+k gkFk dqN nwj rd mBk] dk¡ik fiQj ykSV x;kAviuh foo'krk esa cw<+h jkedqekjh dh vk¡[kksa esa ikuhHkj vk;kA ckdh nksuksa cguksa us ns[kk] le>k vkSjpqipki [kkuk [kkrh jghaA fjrq ds iRFkj gks pqds fnyesa nwljksa ls T;knk [kqn ds fy, lgkuqHkwfr gSA okschp&chp esa fpaVw dks [kkuk f[kykus esa my>h gS vkSjHkfo"; ds ml 'kkunkj caxys ds thou dh dYiuk,¡djus esa tgk¡ iq#"kksa dk izos'k fu"ksèk gksxkA ea>yh cguls ysfdu] vc [kkuk [kkrs ugha cu jgkA viuk lcl;kukiu] bl le; viuh nq"Vrk tku iM+ jgk gSAlcls igys Fkkyh ljdkdj ea>yh us gkFk èkks fy,Adud [kkuk [kkdj vk¡xu ikj vius dejs esa pyhxbZA csfV;k¡ crZu lesV ys xb± pqipki vkSj viuhFkkfy;k¡ yxkdj ek¡ ds dejs esa pyh xb±A ;gk¡ ls rhuksaus ns[kk] ml dejs dk njoktk can dj fy;k x;k gSA---- ekgkSy esa ruko pje ij gSA

ea>yh ekSlh dk fny cq>us&lk yxk_ dgha dqNcgqr xyr rks ugha gks jgkA dejs dh iwjh xehZ tSlsmudks gh yxus yxh vkSj os ilhus ls ugk mBhaA dejsesa mel vlguh; gks xbZ rks NTts ij iukg yhA èkwilhesaV ds tkyhnkj taxys ls Nu&Nudj NTts ijfc[kj jgh gSA ;gk¡ xeZ lgh] gok rks gS ftlesa lk¡lyh tk ldrh gSA tjk nsj [kM+h jgus ds ckn ghysfdu] rIrk gk¡iQus yxh gSA mls 'kjhj esa ges'kkgheksXyksfcu dh deh gSA dejs dh mel esa ykSVuk ghtSls fu;fr gS D;ksafd ogk¡ detksj nsg dks lgkjs dsfy, dqflZ;k¡ vkSj fcLrj gS tks rkth gok dh dhserij gkfly gSA ea>yh ekSlh u NTts ij jgha u dejsesa ykSVh_ nsgjh ls fVddj gk¡iQus yxhaA nkÅ dh ;knvk xbZA vHkh gksrs rks dgrs] ¶ekSM+h] rsjs thou esafdruk vkMacj gSA

fdruk vkMacj!viuh udyh laiUurk dk jkSc fn[kkus ds fy,

thou Hkj D;k dqN ugha fd;k cspkjh usA 'kknh&

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68 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

C;kg&lekjksgksa esa viuh ls ysdj bl&ml dh ekaxdjrd iguh gksxh] ysfdu gj lkoZtfud lekjksg esamlus ^okg! okg!* ikus okyh gh lkM+h iguh gksxhAlksus ds tsoj tks cM+s tru ls lEgky j[ks gSa C;kg dsgh ;k os tks lkyksa flDdk&flDdk pqjk dj xgLFkh lscuok, gSa] muls yndj fj'rsnkfj;ksa esa Hkys tkrh gS_?kj Hkhrj dHkh lksus dk ,d NYyk u iguk gksxkthou HkjA nkÅ dk fn;k IykWV cspdj vkSj ifr ijncko cukdj] ianzg lkyksa dk yksu fyokdj ,d cM+kedku rks cuok fy;k gS ikW'k bykds esa] ysfduvlyh vkfFkZd fLFkfr rIrk dh ;s gS fd ?kj Hkhrj oksiQVh lkfM+;k¡ lhdj igurh gS] vkSj jlksbZ esa ,dlCth ;k pVuh ds vykok T;knk O;tauksa okyk [kkukfdlh R;ksgkj ij gh cuk;k tkrk gSA vklikl gh nksuksansojkfu;ksa ds Hkh edku gSa ftUgsa dqN le; igys ghvius&vius ek;ds ls fgLlk feyk gSA ,d nsoj usmu #i;ksa ls ubZ dkj [kjhnh gS rks nwljs nsoj us ufliQZ vius MqIysDl dk jsuksos'ku djok fy;k gS]iQuhZpj Hkh u, tekus dk [kjhn fy;k gSA mldhiRuh us u, ls u, pyu ds dqN tsoj Hkh x<+ok fy,gaS---- vkMacj ugha] vlyh laiUurkAA

vc ifr vkSj cPps viuh fNih xjhch lsfutkr pkgrs gaS_ vkSj ckgjh thou esa ckrksa ds cM+s&cM+siqy ck¡èkus okyh rIrk ?kj&Hkhrj mu lc ds rkuksa dslkeus gk¡iQ jgh gSA

----Hkkjh ncko gS] ea>yh ekSlh bl edku dksgj gky esa cspsaxhA

ilhuk] mel] xehZ] cspSuh esa gk¡iQrk fnu tSlsFkddj cSB x;k gSA dejs esa Bgj x;k] igkM&lk fnudkVs ugha dV jgkA fpaVw r[r ij lks x;k gSA fjrq mlsia[kk >y jgh gSA cM+h ekSlh lqikjh ds xV~Vs drj&drjds ihry ds izkphu MCcs esa Hkj jgh gSA ea>yh lksiQsij ysVh [kqn dks ia[kk >y jgh gSA uhan yxrh gS] gkFkdk ia[kk #drk gS fiQj uhan [kqyrh gS fiQj ia[kk >yusyxrh gSA uhan] xehZ vkSj Åc ds chp nhokj ij VaxhnkÅ ds thoudky okyh dqN VwVh vkSj cgqr iqjkuh?kM+h rhu ?kaVs ctkrh gSA

¶rhu ct x,A¸ ea>yh ekSlh us lkoèkku gksdj

cSBrs gq, dgkA fjrq Hkh ea>yh ds ikl lksiQs ij vkcSBhA cM+h ekSlh us lquk rks ysfdu mudk fljkSrk ugha#dk] vycRrk mUgksaus vkokt yxkbZ] ¶egd] rfudviuh eEeh dks txk rks nks vkSj pk; Hkh ns tkvksbèkjA¸

rhuksa ds fny rst+ èkM+d mBs gSa& viuh vcykcgu dks vkt ?kj ls cs?kj djuk gSA

dud muhans psgjs dks èkksdj pyh vk jgh gS]pk; ds lkFk egd vkSj pgd Hkh ekStwn gks xbZ gSaArks vc ogh ckr djus dh ?kM+h vk xbZ ftlls lcusHkjld cpuk pkgkA cM+h ekSlh us pk; dk igyk xeZ?kwaV fy;k] ¶dud] ge ;s edku csp jgs gSaA¸

¶cM+h ekSlh] edku rks vki ugha csp ik,¡xhA¸tokc pgd us fn;kA

fjrq dks bl yM+dh ij ges'kk gh ftruk xqLlkvkrk jgk gS] lcz rksM+us dk ;s cf<+;k ekSdk gS] ¶geyksx D;k dj ik,¡xs vkSj D;k ugha lks dy lqcg irkpysxk tc bl edku dh jftLVªh gksxh vkSj rqeek¡&csfV;k¡ ;gk¡ ls eq¡g dkyk djds fudyksxhA¸

¶fjrq! fj'rksa dh e;kZnk u HkwyksA¸ & dud dsekFks ij l[r f'kdu vk xbZA

¶fj'rksa dh e;kZnk\\ fj'rksa dh e;kZnk dk ukVddjsa oks ftUgksaus lkyksa ,s'k fd, nkÅ dh laifRr ij_vkSj Hkhrj gh Hkhrj lc eky lkiQ dj fn;kA vcrqe lc dks bl ?kj ls fudyuk gksxkA¸

pgd viuh ek¡ ls vkxs vkdj] fjrq ekSlh ds,dne lkeus vk [kM+h gqbZ] ¶ge D;ksa fudysaxs\blfy, fd gekjh eEeh us thou Hkj ukuk&ukuh dhlsok dh ;k blfy, fd gj lky lfnZ;ksa&xfeZ;ksa dhNqV~fV;ksa esa vki lc vkdj ysV tkrh gSa vkSj gexqykeh djrs gSa vkSj vki yksxksa ds rkus lgrs gSaA fjrqekSlh] ukuh dh tgjhyh tqcku rks iwjh dh iwjh vkigh us ik yh fojklr esaA¸

¶dud! viuh csfV;ksa dks pqi jgus dks dgks]ugh rks fj'rsnkjh igys VwVsxh] ?kj ckn esa fcdsxk!¸ &ea>yh ekSlh rS'k esa vk xb± ysfdu [kM+h ugha gqbZa]cSBh jghaA

¶;s ?kj gekjk Hkh gSA¸ cM+h ekSlh us cxy esa

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 69

j[kk ihry dk izkphu MCck mBkdj vc xksn esa j[kfy;k vkSj fljkSrk ls lqikjh drjrh jghaA

¶vkSj blh gd ls ge ;s ?kj csp jgs gSa dylqcgA¸ ^&fjrq ekSlh us fu.kZ; ,sls lquk;k tSls >Vdsls dksbZ èkkxk rksM+ fn;k gksA

cM+h ekSlh dh vkokt esa ysfdu yxkoV ckdhgS]

----vc jftLVªh ij nLr[+r djus ds flok;rqEgkjs ikl vkSj dksbZ jkLrk ugha dudks! rqEgsa ,d cVkpkj fgLlk rks feysxk gh #i;ksa esa lsA dgha dejs&nksdejs dk edku ys ysukA gk¡ bRrk ge dj ldrs gSafd edku [kjhnus okys ls dgsa fd rqEgsa vkèk&,deghus ;gk¡ jg ysus ns vkSj rc rd rqe ek¡&csfV;ksa dsfy, dgha NksVk&lk dksbZ edku] ugha rks fdjk, dk ghdksbZ dejk---µ

ea>yh ekSlh dks viuh cM+h cgu ds blHksM+iu ij [kwc xqLlk vk;k] ¶ft;k] tc y{ehfryd djus [kM+h gks rks eq¡g èkksus ugha tkuk pkfg,A[kjhnus okys dks [kjhnus ds fefuV ls gh iwjk gdgksxk bl edku ij vkSj bu rhuksa dks rqjar gh edku[kkyh djuk gksxkA rqe ukgd n;k fn[kk jgh gks] vjst:j bl dufd;k us dgha ,d&nks edku ;k IykWV[kjhn j[ks gksaxsA brus lkyksa rd nkÅ dh isa'ku vkSjrhuksa nqdkuksa dk fdjk;k blh ds gkFk esa rks vkrk FkkArj?kqUuh gS ;s_ gesa fn[kkus dks ?kj dh n'kk nhughucuk j[kh gS oukZ ge pkjksa esa lcls vehj ;gh gSA¸

¶ea>yh ekSlh!!¸ egd lgu djus dh vafrelhek ij vkdj Hkh vkokt dks dkcw esa j[kdj ckrdj jgh gS] ¶vki yksxksa dk dksbZ gd ukuk th ds bledku esa ugha cpk gS D;ksafd os rks cgqr lky igysgh vki yksxksa dks fgLlk ns pqds FksA vki esa ls gjsdus gekjh eEeh ds eqdkcys cgqr T;knk gh ik;k gSukuk th lsA vki yksxks dks mUgksaus IykWV fnyok,Avki lc dh 'kkfn;ksa esa [kwc ngst fn;kA gekjh eEehus rks yo eSfjt dh FkhA ukuk th dk èksyk [kpZ ughagqvk mu ij dHkhA ge nksuksa cguksa dk tUe dcgqvk] mUgsa rks ;s rd [kcj u Fkh] dqN nsuk rks cgqrnwj dh ckr FkhA muds fy, rks gekjh eEeh ej xbZ Fkha

tc rd fd gekjs ikik gh u ej x,A fiQj bl ?kjesa ykSVdj Hkh D;k ik;k gekjh eEeh us\ 'kfe±nk ukSdjdh rjg fnu&jkr pkdjh djrh jgha ;s] ukuk&ukuh lsysdj vki rhuksa ds dqucksa rd dhA¸

¶yM+fd;k¡ gS fd ryokjsa gSa! ysfdu lkiQ lquyks] ge edku cspsaxs vkSj t:j cspsaxs_ vkSj vxj rqenLr[r u djksxh rks Hkh edku [kjhn ysaxs edku ds[kjhnnkjA¸ ea>yh ekSlh lksiQs ls [kM+h gks xb±A

¶lks rks u gks ik,xk ft;kA¸ &dud us csfV;ksadks ihNs fd;k vkSj vki vkxs gqbZ_ lkeus mldh rhuksalxh cgus [kM+h gSaA

fjrq lc fj'rs Hkwy pqdh gS] mlds fnekx esafliQZ mu #i;ksa dk fglkc gS tks bl edku ds fcdusij mls feyus okys gSaA

¶rqe yksx D;k dj yksxh_ ekjihV djksxh gekjslkFk\ cM+h ft;k us rhu cts dk Vkbe fn;k gSek¡xhyky dDdk dks] vkrs gh gksaxsA mUgha dh ekiQZr;s lkSnk gks jgk gSA nwljh ikVhZ dks rsjgoha ds fnuedku geus fn[kk fn;k Fkk] nke Hkh r; gSA ek¡xhykydDdk rks rqEgkjk i{k Hkj tkuus vk jgs gSaA oSls mllsdksbZ iQdZ ugha iM+rkA dy lqcg dpgjh [kqyrs ghikaMs lnu fcdk ekuuk rqe yksxA¸

dud pqipki mBdj vanj pyh tkrh gSA¶eEeh] dgk¡ tk jgh gSa vki\¸ fpafrr egd

ihNs pyh tkrh gSA¶tk,xh dgk¡\ eq¡g <k¡idj jks,xh vkSj D;k\

thou esa deZ gh ,sls djs gSa!¸ ea>yh us lksiQs ijcSBdj lqLrkrs gq, dgkA

¶vjs NksfM+,! dy lqcg gksus okyh jftLVªh dhrS;kjh dhft,A ;s crkb,] iSls fdl rjg ysus gaS_,dkmaV~l esa ;k lcds uke vyx&vyx psd\

rHkh njokts dh ?kaVh ctrh gS] vkSj ikaMs lnudh lhf<+;k¡ p<+dj ek¡xhyky lkgwdkj Åij cSBd esaizos'k ikrk gSA

¶vkb, dDdkA vki gh dh jkg ns[k jgs FksApgd tk] ikuh rks yk dDdk ds fy,A ;s gjekSdk&c[kr is ½.k nsrs jgs nkÅ dks thou HkjA¸

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70 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

¶vth] ½.k fn;k rks dkSu ,glku fd;k] C;ktHkh rks ik;kA vkpk;Z th rks D;k ckr ds èkuh vknehFksA ftl fnu ykSVkus dks dgk] mlh fnu ykSVk;kA dHkhmudh ckr esa iQdZ u iM+kA D;k [kjk vkneh Fkk oksHkhA¸

vkxarqd us :eky ls ,sls vk¡[ks iksaNh fdvkpk;Z th dh eR;q ij mudk 'kksd O;Dr gks x;kA

pgd viuh txg ls fgyh Hkh ughaA rst+ ut+jksals lcdks ?kwjrh jghA

¶eSa gh ikuh ysdj vkrh gw¡A pk; fi,¡xs D;kvki\¸ ea>yh ekSlh us iwNk ysfdu lksiQs ls mBhughaA

¶ugha! ugha! pk;&ikuh lc ih&ikdj vk;k gw¡AeSa rks cl vki yksxksa dks [kcj djus vk;k Fkk fdvkids dgs nke rS;kj j[ks gSa nwljh ikVhZ ds iklAvki rhuksa rks vkbZ Fkha lcsjs nqdku ij ysfdu eSauslkspk] dud fcfV;k ls Hkh iwNrk pyw¡A ckdh] vkiiqjkuh jftLVªh dh iQksVksdkWih ns nsa rks eSa dkxt+ ghrS;kj djokus tk jgk gw¡ ;gk¡ ls lhèkk dpgjhA dylcsjs nwljh ikVhZ dh thi ysdj vkÅ¡xk vki yksxksa dksfyokusA¸

¶ysfdu eSa ;s edku ugha csp jgh gw¡ u vkt udy] u dHkhA¸

¶gesa igys ls gh irk Fkk fd rqe ,slh ghukSVadh djksxh blhfy, nwljh ikVhZ ls rqEgsa dHkhfeyok;k gh ughaA Bhd gS dkdk] vki edku ds rhupkSFkkbZ fgLls dh jftLVªh ds fy, dkxt rS;kj djokyhft,A vkSj nkÅ dk dksbZ dkxt+ ;k olh;rukekgekjs ikl ugha gS] vkidks [kqn gh fudyokuh iM+sxhmudh iqjkuh jftLVªh dpgjh lsA¸ ea>yh ekSlh uscM+h ekSlh ds xksn esa j[ks ihry ds izkphu MCcs esa lsdrjh lqikjh mBkdj eq¡g esa Mkyrs gq, dgkA

¶gk¡! gk¡! tSlk dgsa vki yksxA dkxt+ ,sls ghcuok, ysrk gw¡A rks nke ogh jgs tks lcsjs nqdku ijr; gq, Fks\ iSlk fdl :i esa ysaxh vki yksx\¸

¶eSaus dgk uk] eSa ikaMs lnu ugha csp jgh gw¡ftldks tsy tkuk gks] oks tkyh jftLVªh djok,A¸

dud us gkFk ds dkxtkr lkgwdkj dh vksj c<+k

fn,A fjrq ckf?ku dh rjg vkxs c<+h] ¶;s dSls dkxt+gSa\ vc ;s D;k u;k iziap gS\¸

ysfdu fjrq ls igys lkgwdkj us vkxs c<+sdkxtkr gkFk esa ys fy, vkSj xaHkhjrk ls i<+us&iyVusyxkA ¶;s rks---\\¸

¶t:j ;s dksbZ iQthZokM+k gSA fn[kkb, eq>sA¸fjrq dkxt >iVrh gS vkSj i<+us yxrh gS] ^;s rks --;s rkss jftLVªh gS\\--- t:j ;s jftLVªh >wBh gSA¸

¶D;k jftLVªh\ dk;s dh jftLVªh\ fn[kkvks rksA¸ea>yh ekSlh us >iVdj dkxt+ ys fy,A myViqyVdj dqN ns[kk fiQj dkxt+ iQkM+ fn,A

¶ft;k] iQksVksdkWih iQkM+us ls u esjk dqN fcxM+ukgS u vkidk dqN cuuk gSA vlyh jftLVªh vki dHkhu iQkM+ ldsaxh vkSj iQkM+saxh rks nl niQs ubZ fudyvk,xh dpgjh lsA¸

¶ge ugha ekurs bl jftLVªh dksA nkÅ tc ejusdks gks vk, gksaxs rks muds gkFk esa isu idM+kdj dghaHkh nLr[r djok fy, gksaxsA gesa rks muds ejus dsckn [kcj nh rqeus_ var le; muds ikl ge gksrs rks;s gfxZt+ u gksus nsrsA¸

¶;s dkxt+ vkt ds ugha gSaA ckjg cjl igysds gSaA jftLVªh] nkf[ky&[kkfjt] fctyh ehVj] uydusD'ku& yhft, dDdk] lc dh ,d&,d iQksVksdkWihns[k yhft,A¸

dud iYyw ds ihNs ls nwljs dkxtkr fudkydjlkgwdkj dh rjiQ c<+krh gSA

¶uk fcfV;kA eSa ns[k pqdkA cl] ;gh dgw¡xk fddHkh edku cspus dk eu cus rqEgkjk rks----

^ueLrs dDdkA¸¶ueLrs fcfV;kA¸lkgwdkj ds tkrs gh ea>yh ekSlh lksiQs ij

fu<ky ysV xbZ_ eq¡g dh lqikjh mUgksaus dM+okgV ls,d vksj Fkwd nhA

lc LrCèk Fks fd vHkh&vHkh èkks, eq¡g&gkFkiksaNrh egd cSBd esa vkrh gSA mlus viuh fiNyhiQVh&eSyh eSDlh cnydj dqN csgrj lyokj dqrkZigu fy;k gSA

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 71

¶pkj ctus okys gSaA V~;w'ku i<+us okys cPpsvkrs gh gksaxsA vki lc cSBd [kkyh dj nsaA¸

egd lksiQk] estiks'k] r[r dh njh oxSjglqO;ofLFkr djus yxh gSA dVkSrh dk le; iwjk gqvk_xqy fctyh pkj ?kaVs ckn ykSV vkbZ gSA

lc ,d&,d dj ogk¡ ls mB tkrs gSa vkSj tkusls igys cM+h ekSlh us ihry dk og izkphu MCck estij okfil j[k fn;k gSA

µ [ksM+kifr guqeku eafnj ds ikl] lwn isVªksy iai ds ihNs] ykÅ[ksM+h] ,;jiksVZ jksM]

Hkksiky (e- iz-) 462030

qqq

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72 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

t nkeksnj vpkud cktkj esa fn[kkbZ fn;kA nkeksnj dks ns[k xk¡o dk yrhiQ HkkbZ mldsikl vk;kA yrhiQ us nkeksnj dks dHkh Hkh viuh[ksrh&ckM+h NksM+ nwljh vksj ns[kk ugha FkkA nkeksnj dkLoHkko ¶viuk ?kj Hkyk vkSj viuh [ksrh Hkyh¸ lkFkkA nkeksnj ds ikl yxHkx ik¡p ,dM+ [ksrh Fkh] ogHkh ekSle HkjkslsA dsoy tkM+s esa flapkbZ gksrh FkhA vxjvPNh ckfj'k ugha gqbZ rks mldh [ksrh vflafpr ghjgrh FkhA nkeksnj dh 'kknh dks ianzg lky gq,A mldh'kknh ,d vke ifjokj dh yM+dh #fDeuh ls gqbZAnkeksnj vui<+A #fDeuh FkksM+h i<+h&fy[khA mudks,d ds ckn ,d ik¡p lky esa rhu cPps gq, Nk;k]izdk'k vkSj lquhyA oSokfgd thou esa lqjf{kr ;kSulacaèk j[ksa bruh le>&cw> nkeksnj dks ugha FkhA vcNk;k vkBoha] izdk'k NBh vkSj lquhy pkSFkh d{kk esai<+ jgas FksA

#fDeuh vkSj nkeksnj [ksrh ds Hkjksls ?kj ocPpksa dh i<+kbZ dk [kpkZ pykrs FksA nksuksa ifjJeh FksAvU; fdlkuksa dh rjg nkeksnj xk¡o esa X;kjg cts rdvkokjk ugha ?kwerk FkkA lqcg mB tkuojksa dk lkuh&ikuhgksrs gh ugkdj] :[kh&lw[kh jksVh ysdj [ksr esa tkrkAmlds ihNs&ihNs ?kj dk dke&èkke fucVk] cPpksa dhLdwy tkus dh rS;kjh dj #fDeuh Hkh [ksr esa tkrhAdqN fnu igys nkeksnj dk ,d cSy chekj gks ejx;kA tkuojksa ds gd+he dks fn[kk;k] ijarq cSy dhtku ugha cp ikbZA vc dsoy mldk tksM+hnkj ,d

ltkZ&jktkÑ".kk dne

vk cSy gh 'ks"k FkkA gy dks og ,d&nks lky pyk ldrkFkkA ij ,sls cw<s+ cSy ds lkFk dksbZ Hkh [ksfrgjlk>snkjh ds fy, jkth ugha gks jgk FkkA vkf[kj nkeksnjus og cSy eu ekjdj dlkbZ dks csp fn;kA ¶?kj dhxk; dk cNM+k gS] [kw¡Vs ij gh ejus nks dg #fDeuhfourh djrh jghA ij nkeksnj dks [ksrh dh tqrkbZ dsfy, nwljh tksM+h [kjhnuh Fkh] blfy, mlus ogvdsyk cSy lhus is iRFkj j[k csp fn;kA

yrhiQ HkkbZ nkeksnj ds ikl vkdj dgusyxk] ¶D;ksa ekfyd! vkt bèkj dSls\¸

yrhiQs dks nkeksnj dh lkjh gdhdr ekyweFkh vkSj mls cSy dh tksM+h [kjhnus dh [kqlqj&iQqlqjmlds dkuksa rd igys gh igq¡p pqdh FkhA nkeksnj xk¡ods fcpkSfy, yrhiQ ls dgus yxk] ¶cSyksa dh tksM+hns[kuh Fkh] blfy, cktkj vk;k Fkk¸ ;g lqurs ghyrhiQ ds psgjs ij jkSud vk xbZA og eu&gh&eulkspus yxk] ¶eq>s cw<+k cSy cspk ughaA nwljs dlkbZ dksfn;kA vc gkFk vk;k fd ugha cdjkA¸ nkeksnj us mlsfgyk;k] ¶D;k lksp jgs gks\¸ ¶dqN ughaA gk¡ rq>svPNh cSyksa dh tksM+h <¡w<+ [kjhndj nsus dh lksp jgkFkkA¸

yrhiQ cktkj esa nkeksnj dks cSy fn[kkrs gq,?kqekus yxkA vPNs cSyksa okys pkyhl&ipkl gtkj lsde nke esa cSy dks gkFk Hkh yxkus ugha ns jgs FksA pSrdk lwjt vkx mxy jgk FkkA cktkj ds chp ds Nk¡ookys isM+ dc ds xk;c gks pqds FksA ml txg cSyksa

fganh dgkuh

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 73

dh drkjsa [kM+h FkhA èkwi ls ckj&ckj xyk lw[k jgk FkkAgksVy okyk pk; ds cxSj ikuh ihus ugha ns jgk FkkAcdfj;ksa ,oa cSyksa dh fpYykgV lqukbZ iM+ jgh FkhAns[krs&ns[krs pkj ct x, rks Hkh nkeksnj dks cSyksa dhtksM+h ilan ugha vk jgh FkhA cSy ds O;kikjh fcpkSfy,ds flok lkSnk iVus gh ugha ns jgs FksA vkf[kj ,dcSyksa dh tksM+h nkeksnj dks csgn ilan vkbZA mlds eudh xM+cM+h ns[k yrhiQ us nk¡o [ksykA mldh O;kikfj;ksads lkFk lkaB&xkaB FkhA nkeksnj cSyksa dks fugkjus yxkAcSy ij nkx&èkCcs gSaA D;k\ dgha dksbZ cSy yaxM+k rksugha] ;k [kjkZVs Hkjusokys rks ugha\ lc ns[k mudhtk¡p&ij[k dj rlYyh dhA cSyksa dh tksM+h vHkh&vHkhgh iwjs nk¡r cuk pqdh Fkh Å¡ph dn&dkBh] lqMkSyyky jax okyh cSyksa dh tksM+h nkeksnj ds eu esa clh]ijarq O;kikjh ipkl gtkj ls de nke djus ds fy,rS;kj gh ugha FkkA nkeksnj O;kikjh ls dgus yxk] ¶oksHkkbZlkc! bruh jde [kwc T;knk gqbZ ;s rks vHkh cNM+sgh gSa] Hkkns (cM+s) cSy ughaA gy ij [kM+s gks [khap Hkhugha ldsaxsA¸ ;g lqu O;kikjh xqLlk gks x;k] ¶lkjscktkj esa ns[kA brus nke esa ,slh cSyksa dh tksM+h dghafeyrh gS D;k\ ;s D;k ?kj fcBkus okyh pht+ FkksM+s ghgS\ vPNs&[kkls toku cNM+sa gSaA¸ nkeksnj dks ;g ckrcqjh yxh ij pht nwljs dh Fkh] D;k djrkA

yrhiQ us bl chp O;kikjh dks vk¡[kksa lsb'kkjk fd;kA b'kkjk le> O;kikjh ujekbZ ls cksyusyxkA nkeksnj us pkyhl gtkj esa cSy ekaxs FksA O;kikjhyrhiQ ls dgus yxk] ¶;g cSy eq>s fdrus esa feys;g rks rq>s irk gSA¸ bldh rlYyh nkeksnj dks djkusds fy, yrhiQ us mlls dgk] ¶esjs lj ij jksVh gSAHkkbZ dks Hkh ;g tksM+h ipkl ls de nke esa ughafeyhA¸ yrhiQ us lj ij j[kh jksVh gkFk esa idM+hA;g ns[k nkeksnj dks fo'okl gqvk fd] lgh esa ughavkbZ gksxh ipkl gtkj ls de nke esa ,slh NjgjhcSyksa dh tksM+h vkSj mlus jksVh Hkh gkFk esa èkj yhAijarq nkeksnj dks ;g ekywe ugha Fkk fd yrhiQ ds ljij jksVh ugha #eky ds Hkhrj pIiy yisVdj lj ijj[kh gqbZ gSA Hkksys&Hkkys yksxksa dks fo'okl fnykus gsrqog ,slk djrk FkkA vUu ds uke ij nkeksnj dks

iQ¡lk;k tk jgk FkkA fcpkSfy;ksa vkSj O;kikfj;ksa dhdkukiQwlh ls cspkjk nkeksnj vatku FkkA vkf[kjdkjiSrkfyl gtkj esa lkSnk iV x;kA yrhiQ us chp esa ghik¡p gtkj #i, xVd fy,A nkeksnj ls Hkh ik¡p lkS#i, nykyh ys yhA nkeksnj us lkFk esa yk, ik¡p gtkj#i, c;kuk ds :i esa fn, vkSj ckdh ds #i, vkBfnu ds ckn pqdrk djus dh eksgyr ys yhA cktkjesa nkeksnj us yrhiQ dks pk; fiykbZ vkSj cSyksa dhtksM+h ysdj xk¡o dh rjiQ fudykA

?kj dh pkS[kV ij #fDeuh vkSj cPps nkeksnjdh jkg ns[k jgs FksA ckck cSy ykus okys Fks blfy,cPps [kq'k FksA cPpksa dks feBkbZ dh vkl FkhA izdk'k,oa lquhy pkj cts ls gh xk¡o n~okj ij vkdj cSBx,A ckck cSyksa dh tksM+h ysdj vkrs gq, fn[kkbZ nsrsgh izdk'k vkSj lquhy mudh rjiQ Hkkxus yxsA nksuksa usckck ds gkFk ls cSyksa dh jLlh vius gkFk esa yhA ?kjds lkeus jaxksyh fudkydj #fDeuh us cSyksa dhvkjrh dh vkSj ?kj ds vanj pyh xbZA eqLVaMhcSytksM+h ns[k xk¡o okyksa dh nkeksnj ds ?kj ds lkeusHkhM+ yx xbZA nkeksnj us cPpksa ds gkFk ls xk¡o okyksadk eq¡g ehBk djk;kA nkeksnj ds cs'kdherh cSy ns[kdqN yksx okgokgh dj jgs Fks rks dqN ukd&HkkSafldksM+ jgsa FksA dksbZ dgrk ¶nkeksnj us D;k eLr tksM+hykbZA tehankj iVsy dh ukd gh dVok nhA¸ rks fdlhdk dguk] ¶iVsy cgqr tkfye gSA mlls cM+k dnikuk yksgs ds pus pckus tSlk gSA¸ cSy ns[k yksx pysx,A nkeksnj us cSyksa dks uk¡n ls ck¡èk lkuh&ikuhdjok;kA cSyksa dh ihB ij I;kj ls gkFk iQsj fn;kAxys esa ?kafV;k¡ ck¡èk nhA ?kafV;k¡ ck¡èkus ls fcPNwdkaVk ;klkai utnhd ugha vkrs vkSj pksjksa dks Hkh pksjh djuhugha] ,slh nkeksnj dh èkkj.kk FkhA cSy xjhc FksA cPpsmuds xys esa iM+s ;k iSjksa ds uhps ls tkus ij Hkh cSytxg ls fgyrs ugha FksA brus 'kkar [kM+s jgrs FksA

nkeksnj fnuHkj cktkj esa ?kwe&fiQj ,oa pydj Fkd x;k FkkA choh vkSj cPps cSyksa dh dhertkuus ds fy, mRlqd FksA cPps feBkbZ [kkus dhtYnckth dj jgs FksA 'kke gks pqdh FkhA [kkuk [kkusdk le; gks x;k FkkA lc yksx pwYgs ds fudV [kkus

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74 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

ds fy, cSB x,A #fDeuh us >ksys ls feBkbZ fudkycPpksa dks cjkcj fgLlksa esa ck¡V nhA Lokn p[kus dsfy, FkksM+h&FkksM+h ifr vkSj Lo;a dh Fkkyh esa ijkslhAfu%'kCn cSBs nkeksnj dks ns[k ogek iwNus yxh] ¶vthlqurs gks! FkksM+h nsj igys vki rks [kq'k Fks vkSj vcD;ksa ,dk,d pqi gks x,\ mYVk ge rks ,sls cSyksa dhtksM+h ns[k cgqr izlUu gq,A fdrus ds gSa cSy\¸yxkrkj lkjs iz'u iwN #fDeuh eqDr gks xbZA

nkeksnj lksp&fopkj esa iM+k Fkk fd iSlksa dktqxkM+ dSls fd;k tk,\ fiQj og g¡lrs gq, cksyk]¶iSarkfyl gtkj dsA¸ ;g lqu ogek HkkSapd gks xbZAog nkeksnj ls dgus yxh] vth! bruh jde dgk¡ lstqVk,¡xs\ vius ?kj esa iSlksa dk isM+ FkksM+s gh gS\ dksbZHkh dke djrs le; vki vkxs&ihNs dh lksprs ghugha¸A

nkeksnj dks Hkh vc yxus yxk fd mls bruheg¡xh tksM+h ugha [kjhnuh pkfg, FkhA nkeksnj dkviuk xf.kr vyx gh FkkA oks vkxs dh lksprk FkkA ubZtksM+h gksxh rks ianzg lky ns[kus dk dke gh ughaA ,slkmls yxrk FkkA ?kj esa nks fDoaVy dikl FkhA bl lkyckfj'k Hkh de gqbZA tkM+sa dh flapkbZ gqbZ ughaA vjgjdh nks gh cksfj;k¡ gqbZA FkksM+h&lh Tokj cksbZ Fkh] og HkhlkyHkj ds fy, i;kZIr ugha FkhA gj lky chlfDoaVy dikl gksrh Fkh ij bl lky dsoy nksfDoaVy gh gqbZA ekSle foHkkx ls lekpkj i=k esa [kcjasvk jgh Fkha fd] ¶bl lky Hkjiwj ckfj'k gksxhA fdlkulq[kh gks tk,xkA¸ ;g lqu nkeksnj us Hkh twu ds igysgh gj lky ls vfèkd [kkn] nok [kjhn dj j[k yhAlw[kh tehu esa gh [kkn Mky fn;kA vkf[kj ekSlefoHkkx dk vuqeku gok tSlk gh mM+ x;kA nkeksnj dksvc yxus yxk fd fdlku laxBu ds yksx lgh dgrsFks] ¶O;kikjh dk [kkn] cht] dhVuk'kd fcd tk,blfy, ekSle foHkkx ls lkaB&xkaB djrs gSaA mUgsaVscy ds uhps ls #i, nsrs gSaA fiQj ekSle foHkkxckfj'k T;knk gksus dh Hkfo";ok.kh djrk gSA¸ nkeksnjdks ;g gksf'k;kjh nsjh ls le> esa vkbZ] D;ksafd nkeksnjus Lo;a ,d gtkj dh [kkn dh FkSyh vfèkd iSls nsckjg&lkS esa [kjhnh FkhA mldh nqdkunkj ds lkFk Hkkods lanHkZ esa fdjfdjh gks xbZ FkhA ij lkjs fdlku

pqipki [kkn] nok] cht [kjhn jgs FksA O;kikjh ckjg&lkS#i, ysrs vkSj jlhn rks ,d gtkj dh gh nsrs FksA

nks fDoaVy dikl ds fdrus iSls vk,¡xs] ;ghfopkj nkeksnj [kkuk [kkrs le; dj jgk FkkA jktusrkvksaus pquko ds oDr pqudj vkus ds ckn dikl dks nlgtkj #i, Hkko nsus dk oknk fd;k FkkA ij izR;{k :ils pkj gtkj #i, Hkko Hkh dikl dks fey ugha jgkFkkA rqvj dh ,d cksjh nky ?kj esa gh j[kuh iM+sxhvkSj cph gqbZ rqvj dh ,d cksjh ds nks gtkj #i,vk,¡xsA ,slk fopkj dj nkeksnj ds fnekx esa ?kwe jgkFkkA Fkkyh esa ls jksVh&lCth [kRe gksus dk è;ku Hkhnkeksnj dks ugha jgkA iRuh us mls Vksdk] ¶vth!dsoy [kkyh gkFk èkj D;ksa cSBs gks\ jksVh vkSj lCthvkidh Fkkyh esa ls dc dh [kRe gks xbZA isV ughsaHkjk D;k\ ¶ughaA¸ dg nkeksnj us vkSj ,d jksVh [kkbZAnkeksnj iRuh ls dgus yxk] ¶mit ds nl gtkjvk,¡xs ij ckdh ds #i, dSls tqVk,¡ tk, ;gh lkspjgk gw¡A¸

¶;g rks vkidks igys gh lkspuk pkfg, FkkAvc ikuh esa Nykax yxkbZ gS rks gkFk&iSj fgykus ghiMsaxsA¸ ,slk <k¡<l og nkeksnj dks c¡èkk jgh FkhA [kkuk[kkus ds le; cPps Hkh ek¡&cki dh ckrsa lqu jgs FksAmUgksaus Hkh viuh&viuh f'kdk;r muds lkeus j[kusdh 'kq#vkr dhA Nk;k dks iguus ds fy, nks gh MªslFkhA mlesa ls ,d Ldwy dh] og Hkh vc xyus yxhFkhA og dgus yxh] ¶tks Ldwy dh ,d Mªsl gS oghjkst èkksdj igurh gw¡A og vc dkiQh iqjkuh gks xbZ gSAnks txg ls iQV Hkh xbZ gSA og ns[k Ldwy dhyM+fd;k¡ g¡lrh gS eq> ijA¸ izdk'k vkSj lquhy dhHkh ;gh nqnZ'kk FkhA lkroha d{kk dh ikB'kkyk xk¡o esaugha Fkh blfy, izdk'k dks i<+us ds fy, nwljs xk¡oik¡p ehy dh iSny ;k=kk dj tkuk iM+rk FkkA Nk;k Hkhogh i<+rh FkhA ijarq mls ljdkjh ysMht lkbfdyfeyh FkhA izdk'k dg jgk Fkk] ¶eSa nhnh dh ysMhtlkbfdy ij ugha cSBw¡xkA ysMht lkbfdy ij cSBrseq>s 'keZ vkrh gSA ml lkbfdy ij cSBus ls nksLr Hkhesjk etkd mM+krs gSaA¸ lcls NksVk lquhy ykMyk FkkAnkeksnj us mls bl o"kZ lseh ehfM;e Ldwy esa

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 75

Myokys dk oknk fd;k FkkA og Hkh jks&jksdj dgusyxk] ¶eq>s ugha tkuk ejkBh Ldwy esaA eq>s rks dyDVjcuuk gSA lseh esa ejkBh&vaxzsth nksuksa gh Hkk"kk dhf'k{kk feyrh gSA bl o"kZ eSa tkÅ¡xk rks mlh Ldwy esa]ugha rks ?kj ij gh cSBk jgw¡xkA¸ csVs dh ckras nkeksnjdks lgh yx jgh FkhA ij D;k djrkA mls yxrk fd]¶viuh ftanxh ,slh gh [ksrh esa [kVus ,oa nfjnzrk esaxbZA cPpsa i<+sa] dqN cus rks de ls de cq<+kik lq[kls xqtj tk,xkA¸

nkeksnj vkSj #fDeuh ,d lky ls iQVs diM+s,oa twrs lhdj igu jgsa FksA #fDeuh us cPpksa dksle>k&cq>kdj 'kkar dj fn;kA mlus vius ikl cpkdjj[ksa #i, vkSj xgus ifr dks ns fn,A xgus Hkh D;k Fks\dsoy dku ds d.kZiQy vkSj eaxylw=kA cl brus ghxgusA eaxylw=k NksM+ ckdh lc ifr ds gokys djfn,A nkeksnj dks xgus csprs oDr cgqr cqjk yxk fd]¶viuh choh ds fy, eq>s 'kkSd ls ,dkèk xguk[kjhnuk pkfg, FkkA ij bZ'oj us tks gS mls gh cspusdh ukScr ykbZA¸ lqukj us iqjkus xgus [kjhnrs oDr ognkxh gS dgdj chl izfr'kr jde dkV yhA xguksa dschl gtkj] iQly ds nl gtkj ,sls rhl gtkjfeykdj vkB fnu ds ckn nkeksnj us O;kikjh dks fn,Ackdh cps nl gtkjA nkeksnj us xk¡o ds lkgwdkj lsgkFk&ik¡o iM+ nl izfr'kr izfr lSdM+k C;kt ls ½.kysdj os Hkh O;kikjh dks fn,A

cSyksa ds iSlksa dh fpark feV tkus ls nkeksnjds ifjokj us [kqyh lkal yhA bl lky vxj bZ'oj dhÑik ls vPNh ckfj'k gqbZ rks cPpksa ds lkjs ykM&I;kjiwjs djsaxsA lksrs le; nkeksnj vkSj #fDeuh ppkZ djjgs FksA lquhy ,oa izdk'k us mudh #fp vuqlkj cSyksads uke ltkZ&jktk j[ksaA cSy brus xjhc Fks fd Nk;kvkSj #fDeuh Hkh mudk lkuh&ikuh rFkk NksM+us&ck¡èkusdk dke djrh FkhA cSyksa dh tksM+h gy dks tksrus ij

Hkkxrh gqbZ pyrh FkhA nkeksnj cPpksa&lk cSyksa dk[;ky j[krk FkkA nkeksnj ds nksuksa csVks dks cSyksa lscsgn yxko gks pqdk FkkA vc lc vius eu ekfiQdgks jgk gS blfy, nkeksnj cSyksa ij dkiQh [kq'k FkkA

bl o"kZ ex u{k=k esa gh ckfj'k gqbZA ,d ghckfj'k ij [ksr dh cqvkbZ dj nksckjk cqvkbZ dk ladVvks<+ ysuk nkeksnj tSls fdlkuksa dks iQk;nsean ugha FkkAmlus nksckjk ckfj'k fxjus ij cqvkbZ djus dh Bku yhAdqN fdlku cqvkbZ djus esa O;Lr FksA igyh ckfj'k dsckn pkj fnu ckfj'k gh ugha gqbZA ik¡posa fnu lqcg ghckfj'k 'kq: gqbZ vkSj fnuHkj jghA cPps nwljs fnucqvkbZ djus dh meax esa jkr dks tYnh gh lks x,Aml jkr nkeksnj vkSj #fDeuh ,d&nwljs ds ckgqik'k esaljkcksj gks x,A nkeksnj lius esa ns[k jgk gS] ¶iwjk ?kjdikl ls Hkjk gSA Nk;k vkSj izdk'k dks Ldwy tkus dsfy, xkM+h [kjhnh gSA lquhy cSx vkSj fMCcs ds lkFkLdwy cl esa lseh ekè;e dh ikB'kkyk esa tk jgk gSA#fDeuh uosyh nqYgu dh rjg lt&èkt cPpksa dksLdwy Hkst jgh gSA ?kj ds lkeus VªSDVj [kM+k gSA¸ brusesa eqxZs dh vkokt vkbZA nkeksnj gMcM+kdj uhan lsmBk rks lkeus ls lc dqN unkjn FkkA og eu&gh&eug¡lus yxkA lqcg ds pkj cts Fks ckfj'k vPNh gqbZ FkhAcqvkbZ gsrq tkus ds fy, og cM+s losjs gh lkuh&ikuhdjus xkS'kkyk dh vksj vk;kA njokts esa iSj j[krs ghmldh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus vaèksjk Nkus yxkA pDdjvkdj nkeksnj xkS'kkyk ds n~okj ij csgks'k fxj iM+kAxk¡o ds pksj&mpDdksa us feydj nkeksnj ds nks cSy;kuh nks gkFk ^ltkZ&jktk* pqjk fy, FksA FkksM+h nsj esasgks'k vkus ds ckn mlus ns[kk] vaèksjs dks iQkandj lwjtmx jgk gSA lwjt ds mtkys esa Hkh mldh vk¡[kksa dslkeus ?kuk vaèksjk Nk;k gqvk FkkA

µ lgk;d izkè;kid] fganh foHkkx] vadq'kjko Vksis egkfon~;ky;] tkyuk&431203] egkjk"Vª

qqq

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76 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

Lora=k fnolys tUek,dks vfHkO;fDrewy % banz cgknqj xq:Ä

g jsd Lora=k fnolek frjaxk èotys gkehykbZlq[k] len~fèk j lqj{kkdksfo'okl fnykm¡Nns'kHkfDr izfrdrZO; cksèk xjkm¡Nvfu ;fg fnufrjaxk èotykbZ lEeku xnSatc]Lora=k laxzkehg:dk Lej.kekekSu èkkj.k xNkSarc cjclS vk¡[kkdk dks"kkg:

usikyh dfork

qqq

jfLl,j vkm¡N]Hkkoh larrhg:dkHkkoh larrhg:dklq[kn Hkfo";dk fufErvkiuks vewY; thouiQk¡lhdks cyhosnhekizk.k mRlxZ xus±g:dk thou xkFkkysNkRrh iQqfYy,j vkm¡Nb"V nsorkg: le{k ek=kSbqDus ;ks f'kjdlks&dlks rh Lora=k laxzkehg: izfr ifu>qDNA

µ dkyfpuh vkmV fMohtu] iksLV dkyfpuh tyikbx<+h] (MqolZ)&735219

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 77

Lora=krk fnol % ,d vfHkO;fDrvuqokn % banz cgknqj xq:Ä

g jsd Lora=krk fnol ds fnu frjaxk èot gesalq[k] len~fèk vkSj lqj{kk dkfo'okl fnykrk gSns'kHkfDr izfrizsfjr djkrh gSAblh fnu tc gefrjaxk èot dk lEeku djrs gq,Lora=krk laxzkfe;ksa dh ;kn esaekSu èkkj.k djrs gSavuk;kl gh

qqq

vk¡[kksa eas vk¡lw Nyd vkrk gSviuh Hkkoh larfr;ksa dh [kkfrjviuk vewY; thouiQk¡lh dh cfyosnh ij mRlxZdjus okyksa dh thou xkFkk lslhuk iQwy tkrk gSbZ"V nsorkvksa ds izfr >qdrk ;s ljbZu 'kghnksa ds izfrvuk;kl gh >qd tkrk gSA

µ dkyfpuh vkmV fMohtu] iksLV & dkyfpuh tyikbx<+h] (MqolZ)&735217 A

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78 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

ucdysojewy % oklqnso lqukuh

vksfM+vk dfork

r es ;sm¡fB dfgfFky eq¡ lsbfB fg¡ fB;k gksbfNfifB dq.Msbckdq bPNk nsgfNgkb ekfjckdq eu cysbfNvFkp eq¡ fdfN dfjfu]fdfN dfjfu ,bfFkikb¡ ;s]re vkns'kdq f'kjksèkk;Z dfjfNpqipki fBvk gksbfNres izfrJqfr nsbNeksj dknqv ljlj yM+cM+ ikn cnysbgys tksrkikn nsc]ikb[kkuk liQk d:fFkck gkr cnysbgys verf[kvk gkr [kaftc'kqf[kyk ikdLFkyhdq dkfV iQksikfM+nkukHkfRrZ ikdLFkyhfj,jksi.k dfjceksj nqxZaèk;qDr peM+k cnysbijLrs vrje[kk peM+k ysfi nsc,fFk lgdFkk f'kf[k u fFkck ,d ftHk ,oa'kqf.k tkf.k u fFkck gys dkudqlewys cnysbeksrs lH;rk lg lkfey dfjcvksxkscj ljlj efLrLddqewyksRikju dfj ,d mRÑ"V efLr"dfj,

LFkkiu dfjcegkHkkx!res ;kgk lgts dgqNeks ikb¡ rkgk ,d xgu dFkk],cs lUè;k gsykf.k,fB tfy mfBfFkck rstLoh fuvu vkyqvdqeks vkf[k nsf[k lEHkkfy ik#funs[kk ;kmfN, iz[kj vkyqv [kEc ryscsaxekus isVikV.kk usbckgkfj ifM+ysf.k]rkad [kkabck nsf[k eksrs bZ";k gsmfNHkksd cf<+ cf<+ pkfyfNxksM+ u[kjsekfV rkfM+ckj {kerk Fkkb fceq¡ uhjfc ;kbfNdkj.kre vkns'kdq f'kjksèkk;Z dfj;sm¡fB dfgfFkylsbfB gh pqipki fBvk gksbfNeq¡ ns[kqfNeks ikb¡ dkfg¡ dsrs tkxk cqfygar lar gbjk.k gjdr gksbgkrjs csn]ftHkjs ea=k èkfj èkb¡ lb¡fBvk gksbNeksj izR;sdkax ifjorZu ikb¡

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 79

uodysojvuqokn % vt; dqekj iVuk;d

rq eus ftl txg dgk Fkk eSa ogha ij [kM+k gw¡AihB [kqtykus dh bPNk gks jgh gStEgkbZ ysus dks eu dj jgk gSfiQj Hkh eSaus dqN ugha fd;kAblfy, dqN ugha fd;k fdeSaus rqEgkjs vkns'k dks f'kjksèkk;Z ekukpqipki [kM+k jgkArqeus opu fn;k gSdhpM+ ls yFkiFk esjs yM+[kM+krs ik¡o ds cnys,d tksM+k twrs okys ik¡o nksxs]ik[kkuk lkiQ djus okys gkFk cny dj,d tksM+k ver [kkus okys gkFk yxk nksxslw[kh ikdLFkyh dkV dj iQsad,d nkukHkjh ikdLFkyhjksi.k djksxs]esjh cncwnkj peM+h mèksM+dj,d ijr b=ke[kk peM+s dk ysi yxk nksxs]blds lkFkcksyuk u tkuus okyh thHk vkSjlquuk u tkuus okyk ,d tksM+k dku dkstM+ ls cny djeq>s lH;rk ds lkFk 'kkfey djksxsvkSjxkscj ls ljkcksj fnekx dkewyksRikVu dj ,d csgrj fnekx

LFkkiu djksxs!egkHkkx!rqe tks dqN Hkh vklkuh ls dg tkrs gksog esjs fy, ?ku?kksj O;kikj gS]vc 'kke gks jgh gS;gk¡ vpkud jks'kuh iQsadus okys fu;ksu vkyksd

dksesjh vk¡[kas lg ugha ikrhaAns[kk tkrk gSbl iz[kj vkyksd&LraHk ds uhpsesa<d vius isV ds [kkfrjfudy iM+s gSa]mudk [kkuk ns[k eq>s bZ";kZ gks jgh gSHkw[k c<+rh tk jgh gSAiSjksa ds uk[kwuksa esafeV~Vh [kksnus dh rkdr gksrs gq, HkheSa uhjo gw¡D;ksafdrqEgkjs vkns'k dks f'kjksèkk;Z ekurqeus tgk¡ dgk Fkkogha ij [kkeks'k [kM+k gw¡AeSa ns[k jgk gw¡esjs fy, tkus dgk¡&dgk¡ ?kwedjfnDdr] gSjkuh] ijs'kkuh mBkdjgkFk esa osn]thHk ij ea=k ysdj gk¡iQrs gq,[kM+s gks

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80 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

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vc'kks"k ;s]eq¡ iki&iq.;] bgijcsn] uScsn~; eksVs fo'okl djsfu]fo'oklhckj Ligk fc ukb¡eq¡ tk.ks, rfRod 'kCn lcq xksfV, xkfV,cfxpk eè;js iQfyfFkck lqLoknq iQy;kgkdq vkgj.k dfj fcyklh O;fDrekusdfjFkkfUr esj gzkl]forj.k dfj lU;klh ekus èkfjFkkfUrcSjkxh cs'keq¡ fdarq ,d fuiV lalkjhgsckdq pkgsaizkjCèk cqf>ckj vko';drk ukb¡uqvk¡ dysoj yksM+k ukb¡eks lkEukjs fBvk gksbfN crZeku dky],d varjax caèkq gksbZdqrdqrkmfNikap.kjs dsafp]eks] ftHkjs cfleksrs b dgqfN], fuvucrh rysisViqjk iksd [kmfFkck csax lkEukjseksrs dalk, cklh i[kky yksM+k]ly[ksb fBvk gsckdqfn ikn nksjlk ekfV vks

dkdj nsg: fuLrkj ikb¡'kxMs+ Vkbfy [kij lgcks>s >kfjrkfxn dfj dgqfN;ksxkM+ djns--- ns---- tynh ns-----drs ;qx: vk¡ esfyfN eks ikfjeksj fiz; vHkkcj,b eyknsg vks>ksfdyk isVjdFkk cq>q cq>q rfnu lfj ;kmfNiki dfjckdq] fdrZu xkbckdqea=k tfickdq le; dkb¡\dgkfjfd ?k`.kk djsukdsoy NkfM+nsys Nyuk]lsb Nyuk fVdd: fuLrkj dj egkHkkxAeqdqysb fn;k , fB;k i.k#LoxZ] ver] iq.; vIljkeksj tek yksM+k ukb¡]fuv] fuviQsjsb fuveq¡ ea=k mPpkj.k dfj ikfjfcfulr dgqfNeksj ucdyscjjvkc';drk b¡ ukb¡A

µ d{k la[;k & 493&,] Ñf"k Hkou] eRL; ikyu i'kqikyu vkSj Ms;jh foHkkx] ubZ fnYyh&110001

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 81

esjs izR;sd vax ds cnyko ds fy,AviQlksl fdiki&iq.;] bg&ijosn] uSosn~; ij esjk ,rckj ugha;dhu djus dh bPNk Hkh ughaeSa tkurk gw¡;s lkjs rkfRod 'kCn ,d&,d djdscxhps ds chp iQys lqLoknq iQy gSaftldk vkgj.k dj foyklh O;fDrviuk esn gzkl djrs gSaforfjr dj lU;klh yksx èkjrs gSaoSjkxh os'kAysfdu eSa ,d fujk lalkjhjguk pkgrk gw¡u izkjCèk tkuus dh t:jr gSu u, dysoj dk iz;kstu]esjs lkeus [kM+k gS esjk orZeku,d vfHkUu fe=k cudjxqnxqnk jgk gSydM+h ls dksap dj]esjh thHk ij cSBdjeq>ls gh dg jgk gS]bl fu;ksx cRrh ds uhpsHkjisV dhM+s [kkrs es<+d ds lkeuseq>s dVksjk Hkj cklh Hkkr pkfg,

lhèks [kM+s gksus dksnks dne uje feV~Vh vkSjlnhZ ls cpus gsrqcSyxkM+h Hkj [kIij ds lkFkcks> ij >kM+h]rkdhn dj jgk gw¡tqxkM+ djksns----ns----tYnh ns----dbZ ;qxksa ls esjk eq¡g [kqyk gSesjs fiz; vHkko dk;g ejh nsg vkSj Hkw[ks isV dhckr le>rs&le>rsfnu chrrs tk jgs gSaiki djus ladhrZu eukusea=k tkius dh iqQlZr dgk¡\eSa fdlh ls uiQjr ugha djrkflok; Nyuk ds]ml Nyuk ls esjk fuLrkj djks egkHkkx!eqDr djks eq>s bu csdkj ok;nksa lsLoxZ] ver] iq.;] vIljkeq>s fcYdqy ugha pkfg,]ys yks] ys yksykSVk ykseSa ea=kksPpkj ugha ldrklp dg jgk gw¡Aeq>s uodysoj dh t:jr ughaA

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µ ^riksoue~*] IykWV ua- & 1032@2402] izxfr uxj] ;wfuV&8 Hkqous'oj&751003 (vksfM'kk)

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82 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

esguksfr;kewy % fdj.k dqekjh gkWlnkd

fl ejkd [kksuse n!M+ ckM+k;kA f×kn! gks cke fr;kj ckM+k;AAfdl!M+s jksM+ fer~ rkykAAAeksus ck; esuk vksM+kd nsykAAAA

fpr~ esu! fpr ,se psdk;Avksdks; uksok dkFkke yk+;k;AAfcr! Hkkjh js jsxsp vkMhAAAcke isjsp [kku lkMsAAAA

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dqM;kd~ [kkuse gksM+ dq jksM+kA[kVqok nks gq;qd~ xh FkksM+kAApsdkrs tgkukd~ ,se vksM+kAAAuksok èk!jrh jsu tqoku dksM+kAAAA

ckx nks èkkjrh js;kd nLrqjAftosr~ rkgsu&js;kd~ uksok dqlqjAAfpr~ gks uksMs cke ×kkekAAAnkM+h tqnh ck;se ,sekAAAA

µ xzke % HkVksa<+k nqxhZVksyk] iks- dkBksu] Fkkuk& iksjs;kgkV] ftyk& xksM~Mk&814153

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 83

fgEervuqokn % fdj.k dqekjh gkWlnkd

e r nks mls cSlk[khA fgEer nks vks esjs lkFkhAAtks djrs pyus dh dksf'k'kAmls feyrk lcdk vk'kh"kAAmuds Mj dks rqe gVkvksAvkxs c<+us dh jkg fn[kkvksAAfn[kkbZ ns tc mls vaèksjkAcrk nsuk dSls gksxk losjkAAdguk lqugjk Hkfo"; gksxkAesgur ftlus Hkh fd;k gksxkAA

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µ xzke % HkVksa<+k nqxhZVksyk] iks- dkBksu] Fkkuk& iksjs;kgkV] ftyk& xksM~Mk&814153

Fkd tk, vxj vkxs pyus lsAdguk izHkq dks ijh{kk ysuh gS rqelsAAtc&tc rqe vkxs c<+ksxsAix&ix es dk¡Vk ikvksxsAAnnZ >sy dj c<+uk vkxsAfdLer rc dHkh u HkkxsAAcu cSlk[kh mls c<+kvksAegkiq#"k mls cukvksAA

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84 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

izkFkZuk esa fy[ks x, 'kCnjhHkk frokjh

rq Egsa [kksus dk Hk; vkSj ikus dh NViVkgV,d lkFk esjs Hkhrjviuk&viuk vkdkj xzg.k djrs gSatgk¡ Hk; dk vuqHkolkxj dh vryxgjkb;ksa esa ys tkdjeq>s foyhu dj nsrk gSAogha nwljh vksjrqEgsa ikus dh NViVkgV esacqurh gw¡ eSa 'kCnksa ds rkus&ckus;s 'kCn esjs vanjver dh cw¡nksa lsmrjus yxrs gSaA

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µ ,l- ch- vkbZ- dkWyksuh ls igys] iQtyxat] lklkjke] jksgrkl (fcgkj)&821115

esjk vkRefo'okl n<+ gksus yxrk gSekuks iwjc esa lwjt mfnr gqvk gksvkSj mldh jks'kuh dh ueZ&ueZ fdj.ksaesjs vfLrRo ls Vdjkdjesjs Hkhrj&ckgj ds lkjsHk; vkSj Hkze dksfuLrst dj nsrh gSa;gh rks izse dh ijkdk"Bk gSftlesa ^eSa* dk cksèk^rqe* esa cny tkrk gStSls izkFkZuk esafy[ks x, 'kCnA

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 85

gksjhokyk xk¡o dgk¡jkèks';ke caèkq

xk¡ oksa dh pksikyksa esa vc] gksjhokyk xk¡o dgk¡\tgk¡ cVksgh Fkdu feVkrs]vejkbZ dh Nk¡o dgk¡\lksutqgh dh es<+ksa ij vcg¡lrs vkt ccwy ;gk¡]^thal* igudj rkus dlrs]vc dusj ds iQwy ;gk¡aikgqu dk lans'kk ykrh]og dkSos dh dk¡o dgk¡\[ksrksa dks eqf[k;k us ywVk]dkdk ywVs dpgjh esa]pkjk fcuk xk; Hkh Hkw[kh]I;klh [kM+h nqigjh esaA

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µ ch&3@ 163] ;equk fogkj] fnYyh&110053

vk¡py Hkj&Hkj iQlysa nsrh]eS;k dk og Bk¡o dgk¡\tqEeu&ekèkks lxs iM+kslh]yM+rs gSa uknkuh esa]gksyh&bZn esa vucu gS vcxk¡oksa dh ijèkkuh esaAtks gj nq[k esa ikj yxkrh]og eerk dh uko dgk¡\vc ckck ds uhe rys HkhtqM+rh HkhM+ nykyksa dh]etgc dh 'krjat fcNh gS]dqlhZ ds j[kokyksa dhA'kgj esa vk xkscj Hkh cgdk]iM+rs tkus ik¡o dgk¡\

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86 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

'kfDro"kkZ lksyadh

vk rafdr jgrs gkslnSo][kkSiQjgrk gSlnSo]Å¡pkbZ;k¡esjhrqEgsaNw u tk,]fny esa?k`.kk fy,jgrs gkslnSo]trkrs gks

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µ Mh&4] vk;dj dkWyksuh] etqjk xsV] lwjr] xqtjkr

ikS#"kh vfèkdkjlnSo]dke;kchesjhrqEgsauhpk u dj nsfn[kkrs gksvkMacjlnSo]vkSjdgrsfiQjrsgksukjh'kfDrgSA

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 87

fganh okD; foKkuizks- jktukFk HkV~V

gkHkk"; O;kdj.k dk egkdkO; gS¸A (i"B 344)

okD; cksèk dk fo"k; gS] ftls ge le>rsvFkok ugha le>rs gSaA 'kCn Lefr dk fo"k; gS ftlsge tkurs vFkok ugha tkurs gSaA Hkk"kk O;ogkj esa okD;Hkk"kk dh y?kqre bdkbZ gSA blhfy, ^okD;foLiQksV*okD; dks v[kaM ekurk gSA

okD; ds vFkZ ds lkjs ladsr ckg~; lajpuk esa ghfon~;eku jgrs gSa] pkEldh n~okjk izfrikfnr ^vkarfjdlajpuk* [email protected]@ys[ku dh O;oLFkk ugha gSAys[kd dk ekuuk gS ¶vkrafjd ,oa ckg~; lajpuk dhdYiuk fd, fcuk Hkh Hkk"kk ds lHkh okD;ksa dk o.kZufd;k tk ldrk gSA¸ (i"B 3) ¶'kCn&oxZ Hksn dsvkèkkj ij izfln~èk okD; n~o; dks fo'ysf"kr fd;k tkldrk gSA¸ ,d esa ;s fØ;kFkZd&laKk gS vkSj nwljs esaÑnar&fo'ks"k.kA blh izdkj easy vkSj eager deZokpdvkSj okD;&Hksn fo'ks"k.k gSa Li"V gS fd ckg~; lajpukesa 'kCn&Hksn ds fo'ys"k.k ls ,sls okD;&Hksn O;k[;kf;rgks ldrs gSaA (i`"B 1&4)

prqHkZqt lgk; n~okjk izfrikfnr fganh okD;foKku*'khf"kZr iqLrd ik¡p vè;k;ksa esa foHkDr gS% okD;]okD; dk ewykFkZ] okD; lkaps] okD; ds izdk;Z rFkkikBA izFke vè;k; esa fganh okD; dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;kx;k gS_ nwljs vè;k; esa ewykFkZ dh nf"V ls okD;ksa dksij[kk x;k gSA rhljs vè;k; esa fganh okD; esa laHkkfor

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fganh okD;foKku@ prqHkZqt lgk;@ ;qfDr izdk'ku] fnYyh@ izdk'ku o"kZ % 2018@ i- % 369@ ewY; % `800@&

lk¡pksa dh ppkZ gS_ pkSFkk vè;k; okD; ds izdk;ZvFkkZr~ okD; dk iz;kstu (lwpuk nsuk] iz'u iwNuk]vkKk nsuk) dks foLrkj ls O;k[;kf;r djrk gSA ik¡posavè;k; esa ikB dks O;k[;kf;r dj mldh fo'ks"krkvksa]lkekftd ljksdkjksa ij foLrkj ls izdk'k Mkyk x;k gS_blh vè;k; esa egkokD; dks lksnkgj.k ifjHkkf"kr]ifjyf{kr fd;k x;k gSA iqLrd ds fofHkUu vè;k;ksadk lkj fuEuor gS&

okD; esa iz;qDr ^inksa* esa vkdka{kk] ;ksX;rk(vUo;] vfUofr] vfèk'kklu) ,oa lfUufèk xq.kksa dkgksuk visf{kr gSA iqLrd esa dS;V] ikf.kuh] iratfy]dkR;k;u vkfn O;kdj.k&vkpk;ks± n~okjk nh xbZ ifjHkk"kkvksals fln~èk fd;k x;k gS fd ¶fujkdka{k okD; gh vFkZdh n`f"V ls iw.kZ gksrk gSA¸

vk[;kr vFkkZr~ lekfidk fØ;k ;k frÄ~Ur&inokD; ds fo'ks"; gSaA lajpuk dh n`f"V esa okD; ljy]feJ ,oa la;qDr (tfVy) gksrs gSaA fganh okD; esa 'kCnksadk lkekU; Øe bl izdkj gS% drkZ&in$deZ&in$fØ;k&inA vuqrku ,oa cyk?kkr ds yxkus ls okD; dsizdkjkRed vFkZ dh vfHkO;fDr gksrh gSA okD; lwpukizn]iz'uokpd vFkok vk'p;Z dks vfHkO;Dr djrk gSA

okD; ds vFkZ dks ,d lkFk rhu Lrjksa lsfo'ysf"kr fd;k x;k gS% ewykFkZ] izdk;kZFkZ vkSj ikBkFkZAokD; dh jpuk esa rhu izeq[k rRo jgrs gSa% 'kCn&:i]'kCn&Øe vkSj daB&fodkj (vuqrku] cyk?kkr]Lojk?kkr@rku)A

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88 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

fganh laKk incaèk esa inksa dk lkekU; Øefo'ks"k.k $ fo'ks"; gS (xje pk;)_ fØ;k incaèk esalgk;d fØ;k eq[; fØ;k ds ckn vkrh gS (g¡lusyxk)_ fo'ks"k.k incaèk esa fo'ks"k.k 'kh"kZ LFkku ij vkrkgS (pk; xje)_ fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k incaèk esa eq[; :i lsLFkkuokpd vkSj dkyokpd fØ;kfo'ks"k.kksa dk o.kZugksrk gS (vxys lIrkg] xq#okj] 'kke 6 cts) ftu dkØe foLrkj ls ladksp dh vksj gksrk gSA (i"B273&278)

fganh esa dkjd&lacaèkksa dks fpfg~ur djus dsfy, dkjd&foHkfDr dk iz;ksx dsoy O;fDrokpd&loZukeksa ds lkFk gksrk gS% (;Fkk eSa > esj > eq> > rw> rsj > rq>) ¶okLro esa fganh esa dkjdksa dk izFkefoHkktu ljy ,oa fr;Zd dksfV;ksa esa djuk vfèkdmi;qDr gSA drkZ vkSj deZ igyh dksfV esa vkSj 'ks"kdkjd nwljh dksfV esa vk,¡xsA¸ (i`"B 145)

laKk inksa ds lkFk ilZxksa dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA(vaxzsth esa iwoZ&lxZ jgrs gSa tks laKk&in ls iwoZ vkrsgSaA) lacaèkks dkjd&lacaèkksa dh vfHkO;fDr ^ilZxksa* dhxkS.k Hkwfedk gSA izkFkfed ughaA fganh esa u dsoy ,dijlxZ ,d ls vfèkd dkjd&lacaèkksa dks n'kkZus esal{ke gSA izR;qr ,d gh dkjd laacaèk ,d ls vfèkdilZxksa n~okjk O;Dr gksrk gSA ^us* ijlxZ laKk ds ckn,sls okD; esa drkZ dks fpfg~ur djrk gS tc fØ;kldeZd] Hkwrdkfyd d`nar (fØ;k&:i) gks&& (yM+dsus lsc [kk;k) dqN vdeZd fØ;kvksa ds lkFk ^us* dkmi;ksx ,fPNd gS] vfuok;Z ugha& (yM+ds us Nhadk@yM+dk Nhadk_ yM+dk nkSM+k@ yM+ds us nkSM+k)A ^us*fdlh vU; dkjd dks fpfg~ur ugha djrk gSA ^dks*ijlxZ drkZ] laiznku vkSj ^Lokeh* rhuksa ds fy, iz;qDrgSA jes'k dks ?kj tkuk gS (drkZ)_ jes'k us mes'k dksiqLrd nh (laiznku)_ jes'k dks csVh gqbZ (Lokeh)A^ls* ijlxZ drkZ vkSj dj.k dkjdksa dks vfHkO;Drdjrk gSA jes'k] ek¡ ls xf.kr lh[k jgk gS (drkZ)_ ek¡pkdw ls lsc dkV jgha gSa (dj.k)A ^dks* ijlxZ drkZ]deZ] laiznku] vfèkdj.k] vuqHkkod] HkksDrk] Kkrkdkjd&lacaèkksa dks fpfg~ur djrk gS (i`"B%14)A lqjs'kdks ;gk¡ #duk pkfg, (drkZ)_ flikgh us pksj dks

idM+ fy;k (deZ)_ egs'k us cPpksa dks feBkbZ f[kykbZ(laiznku)_ yM+ds dks xksyh yxh (vfèkdj.k)A (;gk¡è;ku nsus okyk rF; ;g gS fd psru vfèkdj.k dslkFk dks* vkrk gSA vpsru vfèkdj.k ds lkFk esa* ;k^ij* vkrk gS (nhokj esa xksyh yxh))A

^dks* fu'p;&okpd] psru&èkeZ dk lwpd HkhgSA Hkkookpd ,oa tkfrokpd laKk&inksa dh rqyuk esaO;fDrokpd (psru vkSj ekuo) laKk&in vfèkdfu'p;&okpd gksrs gSaA (vuqjkèkk dks Ldwy Hksft,)(i"B% 20)A laKk fof'k"V vFkok vfof'k"V gksrh gSa],sls gh fØ;k LFkwy vFkok lw{e gks ldrh gSA (i"B21&22) ^dks* ijlxZ dk mi;ksx fof'k"V laKk vkSjLFkwy fØ;k ds lkFk vfèkd fd;k tkrk gSA ^dks* vkSj^ls* ijlxZ vyx&vyx oxks± ds fo'ks"k.kksa ds lkkFktqM+rs gSa% ---- dks bPNqd@--- ls nq[khA laiznku (dks)vkSj viknku (ls) dkjdksa dks n'kkZus ds fy, Hkhvyx&vyx fØ;k,¡ iz;qDr gSa% crkuk@iwNukA laiznku;fn ykHkkFkhZ gS] rks ^ds fy,* iz;qDr gksxkA ^ls* ijlxZdrkZ] dj.k] viknku] xkS.k&deZ] xarO;@LFkku dks fpfg~urdjrk gSA (i`"B 35&40) ^esa* ^ij*] ^ds* vfèkdj.kdkjd ds fpg~u gSaA (i"B 40&50) ^esa* udkjkRed'kCnksa ds lkFk vkSj dk@dh* ldkjkRed 'kCnksa ds lkFkiz;qDr jgrs gSa% ---dh laHkkouk@ --- esa lansgA

^dk* fodkjh ijlxZ gSA (dk > dh > ds) tksdkjdsrj lacaèkksa dk lwpd gS (fØ;kdkjd iwoZ% eksgudk iq=k] pk¡nh dh vaxwBh] vkuan dk lkxj)] xkS.k :ils dkjd lacaèkksa dks fpfg~ur djrk gS% --- ;k=kh ds#i, Nhu fy,@ ugkus dh bPNk gks jgh@vke dk[kkukA (i"B 50&59) ¶ijlxZ ds vykok inksa esa gksusokys :i&fodkj ls Hkh okD; esa inksa dk lacaèk lwfprgksrk gS A (i"B 63) fØ;k drZokP; (drkZ dkokpd)] deZokP; (deZ dk okpd) vFkok HkkookP;(viuk okpd) :iksa esa gks ldrk gS% ---- vke rksM+k(drZokPp)] vke rksM+k x;k (deZokP;)] rksM+k tkrk--- (HkkookP;)A

laKk in ds fyax] opu] iq#"k rRoksa dh vfHkO;fDrfØ;k] fo'ks"k.k rFkk (dHkh&dHkh) fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k ds:i&fodkj esa Hkh gksrh gS] bl izfØ;k dks vfUofr

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 89

dgrs gSa] yM+ds Hkw[ks gSa_ yM+ds dks Hkw[k yxh gS_nkSM+rs gq, yM+ds@nkSM+rk gqvk yM+dkA vfUofr esadrkZ&in vkSj fØ;k&in esa leku fyx] iq#"k opugksrs gSaA vfèk'kklu esa ,d in Lo;a vizHkkfor jgrkgS] ijarq vU; in esa fodkj dk gsrq curk gS% dksbZfpark dh---@ rqe ij---@ tkus dks vkrqj----A (i"B 71)

ik'pkR; oS;kdj.kksa ds vuqlkj] fØ;k rhu izdkjdh gksrh gS% vdeZd] ldeZd vkSj n~fodeZdAmnkgj.kkFkZ % nkSM+uk] [kkuk] nsukA vdeZd fØ;k dksokD; esa iz;ksx ds fy, dsoy drkZ&in dh vko';drkgS& cPpk nkSM+k_ ldeZd fØ;k ds fy, drkZ vkSjdeZ in vko';d gS& cPpk [kkuk [kk jgk gS_n~fodeZd fØ;k ds fy, drkZ] eq[; deZ vkSj xkS.kdeZ njdkj jgrs gSa& jes'k csVs dks iqLrd ns jgk gSAbu fØ;kvksa ds lkFk vU;&in@?kVd ,sfPNd gksrs gSaAtSls% cPpk eSnku esa nkSM+k_ cPpk ?kj ij pEep ls[kkuk [kk jgk gS_ jes'k vius ,d nksLr ds csVs dksLdwy esa migkj Lo:i ,d iqLrd ns jgk gSAijlxZ&lfgr iz;qDr gksus okys dkjdksa esa dj.k] laiznku]viknku] vfèkdj.k izeq[k gSaA (i"B 76)

xkS.k&deZ dks fganh esa fr;Zd in ;k ijlxZ;qDrin dguk vfèkd lehphu gksxk] blds varxZr okD;esa iz;qDr inksa ds vuqlkj laiznku] LFkku] HkksDrk]dj.k] viknku vkrk gSA (i"B 79) Hkk"kkfonksa dslosZ{k.k ds vuqlkj dkjd fuEu mRrjkfèkdkj Øe esaj[ks tk ldrs gSa% drkZ > deZ > xkS.k deZ > fr;Zdin > Lokeh > rqyuk inA (i`"B 77) fganh okD;ksa esadrkZ vkSj deZ ds vfrfjDr tc Hkh rhljk in iz;qDrgksrk gSA og fr;Zd dkjd dh gh dksfV dk gksrk gSA

fganh esa rhu okD; lk¡pksa dh dYiuk dh tkldrh gS% 1- drkZ $ fØ;k_ 2- drkZ $ deZ $ fØ;k_3- drkZ $ xkS.k deZ $ eq[; deZ $ fØ;kA bu lk¡pksads varxZr gh fganh ds vusd okD;&izdkj fo'ysf"krfd, tk ldrs gSa% bl o"kZ vke ds isM+ksa esa Hkjiwjvke yxs gSaA eksgu us jes'k ds lkjs dPps vke [kk,Aeksgu us nqdku ls [kjhn dj ';ke dks feBkbZ nhAO;qRiUu okD;&lk¡pksa esa izsj.kkFkZd vkSj vuqefrcksèkdokD;&lk¡pksa esa iz;qDr izR;;ksa dh ppkZ blh vè;k; esa

foLrkj ls dh xbZ gSA (i`"B 155&168) bl vè;k;esa fØ;kvksa dks okD; esa iz;ksx ds vkèkkj ij oxks± esackaVk x;k gS tks xgu 'kksèk vkSj lqfpafrr izLrqfr dksLi"V n'kkZrk gSa vO;ogkfjd okD;ksa (dq¡, esa dwniM+ks) dk fu"ksèk Hkh fo'ysf"kr fd;k x;k gSA

okD; ds pkj izdk;Z vFkok iz;kstu crk, x,gaSA (i`"B 169) & dFku&okD;_ iz'uokpd okD;_fofèk ,oa fu"ksèk okD;_ foLe;kfncksèkd okD; dFkukRedokD; Jksrk dks ubZ tkudkjh nsrk gS tks ldkjkRed Hkhgks ldrh gS] udkjkRed Hkh&jkds'k ?kj tk jgk gSjkds'k ?kj ugha tk jgk gSA ^u* ^ugha* fuikrksa dh rjgvFkZ ds n~;ksrd gSa] okpd ughaA ;s O;kdjf.kd 'kCngSa] tks vU; 'kCnksa ds laidZ esa gh vFkZoku gksrs gSaA(i`"B 179) udkjkRed fuikr ds nks eq[; Hksn crk,x, gSaA izlT; izfr"ksn (ugha] ?kj esa ?kM+k gS) ,oai;qZnkl (og èkuoku@pfj=koku ugha gS] fuèkZu@pfj=kghugS)A (i"B 180) ¶udkj vkSj udkj feydj dHkh,d nwljs dks dkV nsrs gSa rks dHkh ,d nwljs dks cyiznku djrs gSAa (i"B 197&198) vfu'p;okpdloZukeksa vkSj fØ;kfo'ks"k.kksa dh iqu#fDr esa u* la;kstddk dk;Z djrk gS (dHkh&u&dHkh)A ^u* gYdk rFkk^ugha* Hkkjh (cykRed) udkjkRed fuikr gSaA (i"B202&206) iz'u lR; vFkok vlR; ugha gksrk_ iz'udk mRrj blesa O;Dr oDrRo dks lR; ;k vlR;Bgjk ldrk gSA iz'uokpd okD;ksa dh vfHkO;fDr esaiz'uokpd loZuke] iz'uokpd fØ;kfo'ks"k.k rFkk vuqrkuizeq[k lkèku gSaA fganh ds lHkh iz'uokpd 'kCn ^d* lsvkjaHk vkrs gSa (D;k] dc] D;ksa] dgk¡] dSls vkfn)iz'u nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa% 1- gk¡&ugha iz'u 2-d&iz'uA ^gk¡&ugha* iz'u dk mRrj ^gk¡* ;k ^ugha* esafn;k tk ldrk gSA (iz'u % (D;k) vki cukjl esajgrs gSa\ mRrj% gk¡@ugha)A okD; esa iz'uokpd ^D;k*,sfPNd ?kVd gS] blfy, dks"Vdksa esa fn;k x;k gSAbl iz'u dk mPpkj.k vkjksgh vuqrku esa fd;k tkrkgSA (i"B 209) d&iz'u dk mRrj o.kZukRed gksrkgSA (iz'u% dgk¡ tk jgs gks\ mRrj % eFkqjk (tk jgkgw¡)A (dks"Vdksa esa fn;k va'k ,sfPNd gS)A ;g iz'uvojksgh vuqrku esa mPpfjr gksrk gSA Hkk"kkfonksa us iz'udks vU; vkèkkjksa ij Hkh oxhZÑr fd;k gSA fodYiksa

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90 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

dh la[;k_ lkekU;& vkSipkfjd_ iz'u dk fo"k;AdqN d&iz'uokpd 'kCn laKk vkSj fo'ks"k.k ls lacafèkr¹euq"; oxZ (dkSu)] euq";srj@vizkuh (D;k)] xq.kokpd(dSlk)] ifjek.kokpd@la[;kokpd (fdruk)º jgrsgSa] rFkk vU; iz'uokpd 'kCn LFkku] dky] jhfr]dkj.k vkSj iz;kstu ls lacafèkr jgrs gSa (dgk¡] dc]dSls] D;ksa] fdlfy,)A iz'uokpd xkS.k miokD; Lo:ils iz'uokpd gksrs gq, Hkh iz'uokpd ugha gksrk (ogtkurk gS fd dkSu ?kj tk jgk gS)A (i"B 230)iz'uokpd vkSj vkKkFkZd okD; (pyk] tk!)] nksuksaJksrk dks fØ;k djus esa izoRr djrs gSaA vkKkFkZdokD;ksa dks pkj oxks± esa foHkDr fd;k tk ldrk gSA(i`"B 246&260) iz'u vkSj foLe;] nksuksa dk vuqrkuvkjksgh gksrk gSA (i"B 236) foLe; esa oDrk viusHkkoksa dks ^mPp vkjksgh vuqrku* ls vfHkO;Dr djrkgSA fganh ds dqN foLe;kfncksèkd 'kCn fuEuor gSa%fN%] 'kkck'k] okg vkfnA

okD; ds nks izeq[k vo;o gksrs gSaA mn~ns'; rFkkfoèks;] mn~ns'; fo"k; ;k VkWfid gS] vkSj foèks;mldk o.kZu lkekU;rr% mn~ns'; ^iqjkuk* va'k (iwoZKku) vkSj foèks; u;k va'k (ubZ tkudkjh) gksrk gSAlkekU;r% ikB esa iwoZ&okD; u, okD; dk mn~ns';(VkWfid) curk gSA ikB egkokD; ds :i esa Hkh gksldrk gSA egkokD; dfork] dgkuh] fucaèk] miU;kl]ukVd] izcaèk] vkys[k vkfn :iksa esa izLrqr gksrk gSAikB ds okD; ,d&nwljs ls lacan~èk gksuk vfuok;Z gS]

vlacn~èk okD; dk vyx&vyx okD; ds :i esafo'ysf"kr gks ldrs gSa] ikB ds :i esa ughaA

bl xzaFk esa fganh okD;ksa vkSj fØ;k&:iksa dkckgqY; gSA bl lkexzh dk fganh Hkk"kk f'k{k.k esa lgtgh mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk fØ;kvksa ds lHkhfo'ysf"kr oxks±@dksfV;ksa dk ^fganh fØ;k&dks'k* rS;kjfd;k tk ldrk gSA

i"B la[;k 113 vkSj 120 lgh izdkj ls Nisgq, ugha gSa] bu i"Bksa dks vxys laLdj.k esa lgh izdkjls Nkius dh vis{kk gSA ys[kd n~okjk izfrikfnr ^fganhin&foKku* 2007 bZ- esa Ni pqds gS] mldk vè;;uizLrqr iqLrd ls iwoZ djus ls xzaFk ds dbZ va'k Lor%Li"V gks tk,¡xsA

i"B 71 dk igyk iSjk gVkuk lgh jgsxk D;ksafdmlesa ilZxks± dks dkjd&foHkfDr;ksa ds :i esa crykusdk vHkk"kkoSKkfud okD; fn;k x;k gSA bl izdkj dsmi;ksx v'kqn~èk Hkzkafr;ksa dks 'kfDr iznku dj :<+ cuknsrs gSaA xzaFk esa ;g crykus dh xgu vko';drk gS fdijlxZ ewyr% laKk@loZuke inksa ds ckn yxus okysfpg~u gSa] dkjd foHkfDr;k¡ ugha] dkjd lacan~èk n'kkZukmudk izkFkfed dk;Z ugha gSA os ewy :i ls O;kdjf.kdvo;o gSaA blhfy, dkjd&lacaèkksa vkSj ilZxks± esaijLij ,d&,d dk leUo; ugha gSA

;g xzaFk fganh Hkk"kkfonksa] oS;kdj.kksa] Hkk"kk f'k{kdksarFkk vuqlaèkkudrkZvksa ds fy, ykHkizn gSA bls lHkhfganh foHkkxksa esa vfuok;Z :i ls ikB~;iqLrd ds :iesa j[kk tkuk pkfg,A

µ Hkk"kk foKku foHkkx] dk'kh fganw fo'ofon~;ky;] okjk.klh& 221005

qqq

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 91

rsjs pj.kksa esaMkW- 'kdqaryk dkyjk

dkadh vkèkqfud ;qx dh nsu gS tks Hkjreqfu ds ukV~;'kkL=k esa of.kZr izglu vkSj ukfVdkdk vkèkqfud :i gSA ,d vad okyh ;g fon~;kjaxeap ds mi;qDr gS] blesa u n';ksa dh Hkjekj gksrhgS vkSj u lkt&lTtk dh fo'ks"k dfBukbZ ghA blfy,Ldwy] dkWyst rFkk vU; lkekftd laLFkkvksa n~okjkfo'ks"k voljksa ij cM+s ukVdksa dh vis{kk ,dkadh ghvfèkd [ksys tkrs gSaA lgt izLrqfr ds dkj.k ,dkadhukVd dh vis{kk vfèkd yksdfiz; foèkk gSA MkW- lqèkk'kekZ ^iq"i* us cPpksa ls laidZ LFkkfir dj mUgsa viuklans'k laizsf"kr djus ds fy, blh foèkk dks viuk;k gSAmUgksaus dFkkud vkSj ik=k tqVkus ds fy, blh thoudh lkèkkj.k Hkwfe dks vkèkkj cuk;k gSA os blds fy,dYiukyksd esa ugha HkVdhaA blds ik=k Lo;a cPps gSaAmuds lgikBh] fe=k] vfHkHkkod] ekrk&firk] f'k{kdgSaA vko';drkuqlkj os ik=k Hkh gaS ftuls vkidk jkst+okLrk iM+rk gSA ,dkafd;ksa dk dF; Hkh ijks{k vFkokvijks{k :i ls cPpksa ls tqM+k gSA lkFk gh] cPpksa dsfy, fo'ks"k lans'k laizsf"kr djrk gS tks f'k{kkizn gS]fdarq muesa lans'k èofur jgrk gSA bl laxzg dk izeq[kmn~ns'; gS& cPpksa esa mRre laLdkjksa dk jksiuA

bDdhloha lnh ds foxr dqN o"kks± esa le;]lekt vkSj laosnuk ds Lo:i esa vk, gq, cnykoksa dksvklkuh ls ns[kk&ij[kk&le>k vkSj eglwl fd;k tkldrk gSA ehfM;k n~okjk ijkslh xbZ 'kkuks&'kkSdr] pdkpkSaèk

,

rsjs pj.kksa esa(cky ,dkadh laxzg)@ MkW- lqèkk 'kekZ ^iq"i*@ lw;Z Hkkjrh izdk'ku] 2596] ubZ lM+d] fnYyh&6@izdk'ku o"kZ % 2018 (izFke laLdj.k)@ i"B % 127@ ewY; % `300@&

dh nqfu;k esa iqjkus ^lknk thou mPp fopkj* ds ewY;lius ljh[ks yxrs gSaA tks dqN cny jgk gS] mlesa gethus ds fy, vfHk'kIr gaSA la;qDr ifjokj ds VwVus vkSjfc[kjus ls gekjh laosnuk,¡ 'kq"d gks xbZ gSaA HkkSfrdlq[kksa dh vksj Hkkxrk euq"; vkarfjd lq[k&'kkafr dksxaokrk tk jgk gSA vkt cktkjokn vkSj O;olkf;drkds ncko ds dkj.k ekuoh; fj'rksa dk fuokZg djukdfBu gksrk tk jgk gSA nwljksa ds lq[k&nq[k ls gefufyZIr gksrs tk jgs gaSA vkokxeu dh lqfoèkk,¡ pkgsc<+rh tk jgh gSa ij ut+nhfd;k¡ ?kVrh tk jgh gSaA^olqèkSodqVqacde~* esa nqfu;k¡ fleVh gS ysfdu izse vkSjlaosnuk dh nwfj;k¡ c<+h gSaA

ysf[kdk Lo;a vè;kiu ls tqM+h gSaA os tkurh gSafd ckykoLFkk KkuktZu vkSj thou&fuekZ.k nksuksa dhvoLFkk gSA fon~;ky;ksa esa tgk¡ vkt dSfj;jksUeq[khcPpksa dks èkuoku] lRrkoku] le`n~fèkoku cuus dhdyk fl[kkbZ tkrh gS] ogk¡ lqèkk th us O;fDrRo&fodklds lkFk vkfRed fodkl esa larqyu cukus ds xq.k Hkhfl[kk, gSaA cPps g¡lrs&[ksyrs vkSj ckrphr djrs gq,ijLij laokn djrs gq, thus dh dyk lh[k tk,¡xsAlqèkk th us ,d vè;kid ds ukrs viuh ,dkafd;ksa dsekè;e ls cPpksa dks] gekjh fd'kksj ih<+h dks uSfrdewY; iznku djus dk LrqR; iz;kl fd;k gSA ln~xq.kksadh izsj.kk nh gSA xq# laLdkfjr dj ldrk gS f'k"; dksALokeh jkeÑ".k ijegal us f'k"; rS;kj fd;k& foosdkuanA

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92 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

foosdkuan dk vkn'kZ iwjs ns'k ds Nk=kksa dks vuqizkf.krfd;k djrk FkkA foosdkuan us dgk fd euq";&fuekZ.kgh esjs thou dk mn~ns'; gSA Nk=k&leqnk; Lokeh thdh jpukvksa vkSj O;k[;kuksa ls tSlk izHkkfor gksrk Fkk]oSlk fdlh vkSj ls ughaA lqèkk th dh ;s ,dkafd;k¡ Hkhlpeqp f'k"; rS;kj djus dh iwjh lkeF;Z j[krh gSaA

laxzg esa dqy 11 ,dkadh gSa] ftuesa fo"k;oSfoè; Hkh gS vkSj f'kYi dk lkSan;Z HkhA euksjatuckylkfgR; dk izFke èkeZ gSA ysf[kdk us [ksy&[ksy esamUgsa ewY;ksa dh Fkkrh lkSaih gSA e;kZfnr O;ogkj] 'kkyhuvkpj.k dk os dgha ikB i<+krh ut+j ugha vkrha] oju~,dkafd;ksa ds ik=k gh muds vkn'kZ cu tkrs gSa vkSjmudk vuqdj.k mudk thou y{;A

laxzg dh izFke ,dkadh ^'kqHkkjaHk* gS] tks Hkkjrh;dkyx.kuk dh oSKkfudrk fln~èk djrh gSA blesa ysf[kdkus vR;ar jkspd rjhds ls dkyx.kuk dh tkudkjh nhgSA Hkkjrh; dkyx.kuk fo'o esa izkphure dkyx.kukgSA bl ,dkadh esa ysf[kdk us crk;k gS fd nqfu;k dkizkphure dSysaMj Hkkjrh; dSysaMj gS] ftlds vuqlkj&pS=k 'kqDy izfrink dks uoo"kZ dk vkjaHk ekuk tkrk gSAblh fnu czg~ek us lf"V vkjaHk dh FkhA jktk foØekfnR;n~okjk u, laor dk vkjaHk Hkh blh fnu gqvk FkkA ;gHkkjrh; dSysaMj oSfnd dky esa gekjs ½f"k&eqfu;ksa uscuk;k Fkk tks ½rqvksa vkSj u{k=kksa ds vkèkkj ij cuk;kx;k FkkA ftlds vuqlkj mlh frfFk ij gh gekjsioZ&R;ksgkj euk, tkrs gSaA tSls j{kkcaèku dk ioZ Jko.kdh iwf.kZek dks vkSj nhikoyh dkfrZd dh vekol dkseukbZ tkrh gSA

nwljh ,dkadh fny dk fj'rk* gS] ftlesa fofHkUuikSjkf.kd vk[;kuksa ds n~okjk fe=krk ds vkn'kZ dksizLrqr fd;k gSA rhljh ,dkadh ^vkjksi ugha lekèkku*i;kZoj.k dh leL;kvksa vkSj lekèkku ij dsafnzr gSA^deZ gh èkeZ* gS* esa deZ ds izfr tkx:drk dk lans'kgS rks Hkxkvks ckck] cqykvks ckck* ,dkadh esa Lo&vFkZthus okys on~èk O;fDr;ksa dks cPpksa ds ln~O;ogkjn~okjk LokFkZ dk ifjR;kx dj nwljksa ds fy, thukfl[kk;k gSA blh rjg ds ln~xq.kksa dks laiszf"kr djrhvxyh ,dkadh gS& ^fey ckaVdj* tks mnkjfpr cuusdh izsj.kk nsrh gSA

^igys ?kj ls] fiQj tx ls* esa crk;k gS fd gjvkn'kZ vkpj.k dk vkjaHk ?kj ls gksuk pkfg,A yksxckgj vyx thou thrs gaS vkSj ?kj esa vyxA nksgjsO;fDrRo okys ,sls O;fDr;ksa dh dFkuh vkSj djuh esalnk varj jgrk gSA nwljksa dks mins'k nsus ls igysvius vkpj.k esa mUgsa mrkjuk pkfg,A blh rjg ^D;kugha dSlk* ^lkekU; ls fo'ks"k* ,dkadh Hkh cPpksa esauSfrd xq.kksa dh iwath pqids&pqids iznku djrh gSAckydksa dks jpukRed fn'kk nsrh gSA

laxzg dh izFke o 'kh"kZd ,dkadh gS & ^rsjspj.kksa esa*A vkt on~èkkoLFkk esa ekrk&firk dks misf{krdjuk ;k cslgkjk NksM+ nsuk lekt dh cM+h leL;kcudj mHkj jgk gSA lqèkk th dh ,dkadh esa blh ihM+kdks vfHkO;fDr feyh gSA blds laokn tc ckydi<+rk gS ;k cksyrk gS] rks ;dhu ekfu,] os dkykarj esacPpksa ds ladYi cu tkrs gSa fd os vius ekrk&firkds lkFk gjfxt] ,slk ugha gksus nsaxsA Hkkstu&ikuh vkSjgok dh rjg laLdkj&xzg.k Hkh euq"; dh izkFkfedvko';drk gSA ;s laLdkj ckyiu ls gh fn, tk,¡] rksckyd ds jDr esa jp&cl tkrs gSa vkSj ifj.kker% ,dvuq'kkflr ukxfjd dk fuekZ.k vuk;kl gh gks tkrk gSSAbls vki lekt&lsok dk uke ns ldrs gSaA lekt&lsokls rkRi;Z vLirky ;k Ldwy [kksyuk ugha vkSj u ghyach&yach Mksus'ku nsuk gS & cfYd f'k{kk ds {ks=k esajk"Vª dh Hkkoh ih<+h dk pfj=k fuekZ.k gSA ;g dk;ZbZ'oj fdlh&fdlh ls djkrk gS] ftl ij mldh Ñikgksrh gS] mls bl Ñik dk vkHkkl gksrk gS vkSj fiQjog bZ'ojh; dk;Z esa izo`Rr gksrk gSA mls lkèku]volj] ifjos'k] vuqdwyrk lc feyus yxrs gSa & ;gÑik MkW- lqèkk 'kekZ ^iq"i* th ij ns[kh tk ldrh gSAlqèkk th dks cPpksa dks i<+kus dk dk;Z dqnjr us fn;kgS vkSj mUgsa laLdkfjr djus dk HkhA bu ,dkafd;ksa dkeapu ,d fon~;ky; esa ugha] ns'k ds dbZ fon~;ky;ksaesa gksxk vkSj ns'k dh Hkkoh ih<+h laLdkfjr gksxhA

euq"; vuqdj.k fiz; gS] fo'ks"k :i ls ;gizofRr ckydksa esa lokZfèkd gksrh gSA ukVd djrs oDrcPps tks laokn cksyrs gSa & mls igys daBLFk djrs gSavkSj daBLFk djrs&djrs os dc muds fopkj cu tkrs

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gSa] dc fopkj muesa laLdkj cht :i esa My tkrs gSa]bldk irk Lo;a ckydksa dks Hkh ugha pyrkA le;ikdj os cht vadqfjr gksrs gSa vkSj iYyfor&iqf"irHkhA

bu ,dkafd;ksa dks i<+rs gq, ;g fcYdqy Li"Vgksrk x;k fd buesa ckydksa dh Hkkouk,¡] ckydksa dhfpark,¡] ckydksa ds pko] mudh leL;k,¡] muds lekèkku]mudh ftKklk,¡] muds mRrj lc fon~;eku gSaA buesa,d Vhpj vkSj lkfgR;dkj nksuksa dh nksgjh ftEesnkjhfuHkkrs gq, lqèkk th us ubZ ikSèk dks laLdkjiw.kZ iuiusij iwjk è;ku dsafnzr fd;k gSA ckydsafnzr bu ,dkafd;ksaesa cPpksa dks cM+s euksoSKkfud <ax ls vR;ar O;kogkfjdf'k{kk nh gS tks mins'k dh Hkk"kk esa u gksdj eeZ dksNwus okyh gSA vanj ,d eaFku dh izfØ;k djus okyhgSA lgh&xyr dk foosd iznku djus okyh gSA ewY;ksals dVrh tk jgh orZeku ih<+h dks ewY;ksa ls tksM+usokyh gSA ;g laLdkj fdrus ewY;oku gS vkSj orZekuesa budh fdruh vko';drk gS & ;g fufoZokn gSA

lexzr% lqèkk th dh lksn~ns'; fy[kh ,dkafd;ksa

& ,u- Mh-&57] ihreiqjk] fnYyh&110034

qqq

esa dFkkud&p;u dk dk;Z mudh lw>cw> dk ifjpk;dgSA gj ,dkadh ikBd dks mn~osfyr djrh gSA lkef;d,oa 'kk'or lw>cw> iz'uksa ds mRrj ryk'krh gSA vkèkqfudcksèk ,oa vkt ds thou dh ;FkkFkZ leL;kvksa ls tqM+sdFkkud ladyu dh izHkfo".kqrk c<+krs gSaA vuqHkoijdfopkjksa dh izkS<+rk] gj fo"k; dh lw{e tkudkjh ,oacky&lekt ds fy, lans'k&laizs"k.k bu ,dkafd;ksa dhfo'ks"krk gSA

ckyksi;ksxh jkspd fo"k;ksa ij fy[ks bu ,dkafd;ksadk f'kYi Hkh mi;qDr gSA ,dkadh ds izeq[k rRopfj=k&fp=k.k] laokn] ns'kdky] Hkk"kk&mn~ns';] ladyu=k;dk leqfpr fuokZg gqvk gSA bu ,dkafd;ksa esa dkSrqgy]dYiuk'khyrk] euksfoKku ,oa euksjatu dh Hkjiwj lkexzhds lkFk Hkk"kk dh ljyrk dk xq.k Hkh fon~;eku gSAlqèkk th ltx ,dkadhdkj gaSA mUgksaus eap dh lkt&lTtkds ;FkkLFkku funsZ'k fn, gSa ftl dkj.k bUgsa vklkuh lsvfHkuhr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ysf[kdk fujarj liQy,dkafd;ksa dh jpuk dj bl foèkk ds fodkl esalgk;d gksaxh] ,slk esjk fo'okl gSA

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94 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

lkekftd ,oa ikfjokfjd ifjos'k dk niZ.k % ,d lp ,slk Hkh

vk'kk izlkn

d gkuh* ls dgkuh dh fufeZfr ds vkèkkj ij ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ^tks dgrh gSog dgkuh gSA* vFkkZr~ dgkuh dqN dgrh gSA euq";us tc ls cksyuk lh[kk rc ls mlus dguk izkjaHkfd;kA bl izdkj dgkuh dh 'kq#vkr rc ls gqbZ tcls euq"; esa cksyus dh dyk dh lf"V gqbZA rc lsysdj vkt rd euq"; dh bl oDr`Ro dyk esavla[; eksM+ vk,] ifjorZu&ifjon~èkZu gq, vkSj blhvuqikr esa dgkuh esa Hkh ifj"dkj gqvkA euq"; dsoDr`Ro dyk dh rjg gh dgkuh Hkh mRd"kZ ds pjefcanq ij gSA blesa og lc dqN gS tks vkt lekt esa]ifjokj esa vkSj euq"; ds thou esa ?kfVr gksrk gSA

dgkuh xn~; dh yksdfiz; egRoiw.kZ foèkk gSAblds ekè;e ls dFkkdkj vius eu ds Hkkoksa dks]vius bnZ&fxnZ ds ifjos'k] ekgkSy] lekt esa O;kIrlaxfr;ksa] dqjhfr;ksa] O;fHkpkjk sa vkfn ds mnszd ls]fofHkUu ik=kksa ds ekè;e ls vfHkO;Dr djrk gSA MkW-enqyk >k ,d tkuh&ekuh lkfgR;dkj gSaA bUgksaus lkfgR;dh lHkh foèkkvksa esa jpuk dh gSa] fdarq ewyr% ;sdFkkdkj gSaA lekt] ifjokj vkSj O;fDr ds thou esatks dqN ?kfVr gksrk gS mlls viuh dgkfu;ksa dkrkuk&ckuk cqurh gSaA budh dgkfu;ksa esa ldkjkRedlacaèkksa dh vfHkO;fDr vius ewrZ :i esa gqbZ gSA ^,dlp ,slk Hkh* budk pkSFkk dgkuh ladyu gSA blesabDdhl dgkfu;k¡ ladfyr gSaA bu dgkfu;ksa ds

vyx&vyx vk;ke gSa ftudk o.kZu vyx&vyx?kVukvksa ds lanHkZ esa fd;k x;k gSA lekt esa izR;sdO;fDr ,oa izR;sd ifjokj dh vyx&vyx fLFkfr;k¡gksrh gSaA dFkkdkj us mu fLFkfr;ksa dk lE;d~ fu:i.kfd;k gSA ftanxh dh vlfy;r ls tqM+dj gh dgkuhcurh gSA blfy, ,slk dguk vuqfpr ugha gksxk fddgkuh dk rkuk&ckuk lekt vkSj ifjokj dh fudVrefLFkfr;ksa dk cksèk djkrk gSA

ladyu dh igyh dgkuh ^vius ijk,* esadFkkdkj us cqtqxZ ds lkFk O;fHkpkj fd, tkus dhfLFkfr dks O;Dr fd;k gS] tks vkt ds lekt esa vkeckr gks xbZ gSA 'kqph viuh ek¡ dh ns[kHkky vPNhrjg ls djrh gSA blds pyrs og vkthou dq¡okjh jgtkrh gSA ysfdu mlds HkS;k&HkkHkh u rks ek¡ dh vksjè;ku nsrs gSa vkSj u cgu dh lqfèk ysrs gSaA 'kqph ,df'kf{kdk gS] mldh dkiQh èku & laifRr gSA ysfdutc og chekj iM+rh gS rc Hkh mlds HkS;k & HkkHkhmldh vksj è;ku ugha nsrs gSaA 'kqph viuh lkjhtk;nkn viuh cgu ds csVs ds uke dj nsrh gaSAbykt ds fy, dksydkrk tkrs le; 'kqph dh eR;q gkstkrh gSA cgu dk csVk gh mldk vafre laLdkj djrkgSA ml le; Hkh mlds HkS;k&HkkHkh ugha igq¡prs gSaAbl dgkuh esa vkRe dsafnzr LokFkhZ iq=k dh izofRr;ksadk fp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA

,d lp ,slk Hkh(dgkuh&laxzg)@ MkW- enqyk >k@ izdk'kd&yDdh baVjus'kuy] ubZ fnYyh@ izdk'ku o"kZ % 2019@i`"B % 144@ ewY; % `495@&

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 95

^cgknqj vkn~;k*] ^og thr xbZ*] ^?kqjuh dkladYi*] ^riL;k iqjh gqbZ* vkfn dgkfu;k¡ n`<+ ladYivkSj ukjh l'kfDrdj.k dk izrhd gSaA bu dgkfu;ksa esa;g O;Dr fd;k x;k gS fd vxj dksbZ ukjh eu lsdqN djus dh Bku ys rks ml dk;Z esa mls vo'; ghliQyrk feyrh gSA vkn~;k] ?kqjuh vkfn ,slh gh ukjhik=k gSa tks thou la?k"kZ esa fotf;uh gksrh gaSA ^cgknqjvkn~;k* ,d ekrghu ckfydk dh dgkuh gS] ftldkikyu&iks"k.k nknh dh nqykj esa gksrk gSA mlds firkfons'k esa dk;Z djrs gSaA ,d fnu cxhps esa [ksyus dsØe esa xk¡o ds yM+ds dey ls vkgr gksrh gSA viuhvLer dh rks j{kk dj ysrh gS fdarq viuh vk¡[k [kkscSBrh gS] ftls mlds firk fons'k esa bykt djk djBhd djk nsrs gSaA vkn~;k viuh esgur vkSj yxu lsi<+kbZ dj iz'kklfud inkfèkdkjh curh gSA dey dksmlds fd, dh ltk fu;fr nsrh gSA ?kqjuh Hkh ,slh ghcgknqj yM+dh dh dgkuh gSA og ek¡ dk bykt djkjgs uUgdw ckcw dh nfjanxh dk f'kdkj gksrh gSA ek¡ dsbykt ds fy, og pqi jg tkrh gS] fdarq ladYi ysrhgS fd og i<+&fy[kdj ulZ cusxh vkSj xjhcksa dhlsok djsxhA mls vius y{; dh fln~fèk gksrh gSA^riL;k iwjh gqbZ* ml ek¡ dh dgkuh gS tks gosyh esaBdqjkbu dh lsok dj vius iq=k cqpuk dks i<+k&fy[kkdj ,d cM+k vkneh] bathfu;j cukrh gSA ^ikrh*]^t;k nhnh* vPNs laLdkj dh dgkfu;k¡ gSaA ftlO;fDr esa vPNs laLdkj gksrs gSa] os Lo;a rks lq[knftanxh O;rhr djrs gh gSa nwljksa dks Hkh izsfjr djrs gSaA^ikrh* nks lgsfy;ksa ds chp i=k n~okjk okrkZ gS] ftudhHkkoukvksa esa le;kuqlkj ifjorZu gksrk gSA vuq viusifr ,oa cPpksa ds lkFk egkuxj esa jguk ilan djrhgSA tcfd mlds vPNs fopkj Fks] vkt cqtqxks± ds izfrmlds fopkj cny x, gSaA og viuh lkl dks brukgM+dk dj j[krh gS fd og mlds ikl vkuk ughapkgrh gSa ijarq lqfiz;k tcfd yanu ls i<+dj vkbZ gS]fiQj Hkh og vius lkl&llqj ;gk¡ rd fd nknh dslkFk la;qDr ifjokj esa [kq'kh&[kq'kh jgrh gSA mls lcdh lsok esa cgqr vkuan vkrk gS vkSj og lHkh dkI;kj ikrh gSA vkt la;qDr ifjokj dh vgfe;r

lekIr gks xbZ gS] lqfiz;k la;qDr ifjokj dh fgek;rhgS& ¶vkt tc gj txg la;qDr ifjokj ds VwVus dhppkZ xeZ gS] vkSj djhc&djhc ;g VwV Hkh jgk gS ,slsle; esa og bldk vkuan ys jgh gS¸ ;g dgkuhyksxksa dks vPNh f'k{kk nsrh gSA t;k ,d vPNs laLdkjokyh yM+dh vkSj vPNh f'kf{kdk gSA og cPpksa dksMk¡V dj ugha] cfYd iqpdkj dj mudh leL;kvksadh tkudkjh izkIr djrh gS vkSj mudk lekèkku djrhgSA og dgrh gS& ¶rqe gj eksM+ ij tc dHkh nhnhdks iqdkjksxh] og rqEgkjs lkeus gksxhA ?kcjkvks ughaA nhds crk, jkLrs ij pyksxh rks rqEgsa eafty vo';feysxhA¸ lekt dks fn'kk funsZ'k nsus okyh ;g ,dmRÑ"V dgkuh gSA ^I;kj dh dher* ,d n<+ ladfYirukjh vkapy ds vèkwjs izse dh dgkuh gS] ftls viuheafty rks feyrh gS fdarq vius I;kj dh dherpqdkuh iM+rh gSA mldk eu djkg mBrk gS& ¶vktcgqr fnuksa ds ckn Loi~fuy dh ;kn mls Vhl ns jghgS vkSj mls I;kj dh dher le> esa vk jgh gSA mlusvius vki dks fèkDdkjk fd og Loi~fuy ds lPpsizse dks D;ksa u le> ikbZ\¸

^,d lp ,slk Hkh* dgkuh bl ladyu dk'kh"kZd] ,d vn~Hkwr dgkuh gSA xk¡o esa ,d gh fnu nks'kkfn;k¡ gksrh gSA ,d yM+dh i<+h&fy[kh gS vkSj nwljhvui<+A ,d firk xk¡o dh i<+h&fy[kh yM+dh dksfn[kykdj viuh vui<+ yM+dh jktdqekjh dk fookg,d lq;ksX; f'kf{kr oj ls dj nsrk gSA jktdqekjh dkifr bl dk;Z ls vufHkK jgrk gSA la;ksx ls nksuksa nqYgsckgj 'kksp tkus ds Øe esa feyrs gSa vkSj vkil esacfr;krs gSa rks iksy [kqyrk gS vkSj lPpkbZ lkeus vkrhgSA fdarq lPpkbZ tkudj Hkh jktdqekjh dk ifr viuhfunksZ"k csi<+h iRuh dks izrkfM+r u dj fLFkfr lsle>kSrk djrk gS mls i<+kdj izkbejh Ldwy esa f'kf{kdkcuk nsrk gS vkSj lq[kiwoZd] thou ;kiu djrk gSA,slh fLFkfr esa vfèkdrj llqjky okys yM+dh dksizrkfM+r djrs gS] fdarq jktdqekjh ds ifr us ,slkdqN ugha fd;kA FkksM+h lh lgu'khyrk ls thou udZgksus ls cp tkrk gSA ;g ldkjkRed lksp dh mRÑ"Vdgkuh gSA dylh* xzkeh.k ifjos'k dh dgkuh gSA bl

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96 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

dgkuh esa dFkkdj us ;g Li"V fd;k gS fd euq"; dksmlds deks± dk iQy vo'; feyrk gS vkSj og Hkhblh tUe esaA dkdh viuh cgw ij vR;ar vR;kpkjdjrh gS] ftldk ifr nwljh 'kknh djds ifjokj dslkFk 'kgj esa jgus yxrk gS dkdh lwn dk Hkh dk;Zdjrh gSA og t:jrean xzkeh.kksa dks lwn ij èku nsrhgS vkSj cnys esa lksuk] pk¡nh] crZu vkfn fxjoh j[krhgSA og euekuk lwn olwy djrh gSA xjhc vijk dhek¡ dkdh ds ikl ik¡p #i, ,d dylh fxjohj[kdj ysrh gSA dqN fnuksa ds ckn tc og viuhdylh okil ysus tkrh gS rks ik¡p #i, ds cnysdkdh mlls nl #i, ysrh gSA dylh dh gkyrfcYdqy ttZj gks pqdh Fkh blfy, mlus dylh dksdkdh ds ikl gh NksM+ fn;kA dqN le; i'pkr~dkdh dh Hkh fLFkfr [kjkc gksus yxh gSA mlds 'kjhjesa txg&txg ij ?kko gks tkrs gSa ftlls eokn fjlusyxrh gSa nqx±èk ds dkj.k dksbZ Hkh mlds ikl iQVdukugha pkgrk gSA dkdh dh Hkh gkykr mlh dylh tSlhgks tkrh gS& ^csdkj] cstku] fdlh dke dk ugha*AdFkkdkj us ;g Li"V fd;k gS fd tks O;fDr cqjk deZdjrk gS mldk urhtk cqjk gh gksrk gSA ^lkft'k* ,d,slh dgkuh gS] ftlessa ,d csVh gh viuh ek¡ lsvgadkjo'k lkft'k dj mls lEeku lekjksg esa tkus lsjksd ysrh gS] fliQZ blfy, fd mldh ek¡ dh egkurkfln~èk u gks ldsA fdarq ek¡ varr% lekjksg% LFky ijigq¡pdj viuk iz'kfLr i=k izkIr dj csVh dh ;kstukdks foiQy dj nsrh gSA ¶----'kqHkkaxh us ekyk] 'kkWy]iz'kfLr i=k ,oa izrhd fpg~u fy, gq, eEeh dks ns[kkrks mldk eq¡g vk'p;Z ls [kqyk gh jg x;kA ;gns[kdj vuU;k dh ek¡ ljyk Hkh ek;ql gks xbZ]D;ksafd uruh ds lkFk feydj mUgksaus Hkh lkft'k dhFkh fd fdlh rjg vuU;k lEeku LFky rd igq¡pdjlEekfur u gks----A¸ bl dgkuh esa ,d csVh dh ek¡ dsizfr bZ";kZHkko dh vfHkO;fDr gqbZ gSA

^fnokuxh* esa ,d cM+s ?kj dh jktiqr csVhLo.kkZ us ?kj ls Hkkx dj nfyr ifjokj ds yM+dsjfoanz ls fookg dj fy;kA mldk ?kj rks cl x;kD;ksafd jfoanz ds ekrk&firk us Lo.kkZ dks cgw ds :i

esa Lohdkj dj fy;k] fdarq Lo.kkZ ds ekrk&firk nq[khgks x,A ;g ,d vartkZrh; izse fookg dk izrhd gS]tks vktdy lekt esa izeq[k izpyu cu x;k gSA ^;gD;k fd;k\* 'kh"kZd dgkuh esa dFkkdkj us lekt esaiQSyh folaxfr dks n'kkZ;k gSA ,d 'kjkch firk us viusbdykSrs csVs dks yksgs dh NM+ ls ihVdj mldh u'kalgR;k dj nhA og iq=k tks vkKkdkjh] laLdkjh vkSjdrZO;fu"B FkkA uhydaB* dgkuh esa euq"; ds ldkjkRedlksp dh vfHkO;fDr gqbZ gSA bl dgkuh esa ,d Hkysekul ifrnso pØèkj viuh iRuh ds dqÑR; dkstkudj Hkh mls utjvankt dj nsrk gS rkfd thouudZ u gks tk,A iRuh dh fu"Bk] èkeZijk;.krk vkSjeklwfe;r ls og bruk vfHkHkwr gks x;k fd ¶viusfgLls esa vk, fo"k dks pqipki ihdj ^uhydaB* cux;kA¸ ladyu dh vafre dgkuh ^L;kg jkr dklosjk* vkt ds lekt esa dU;k ds lkFk gksus okysnqO;Zogkj dh dgkuh gSA blesa cztfd'kksj uked yksHkhfirk viuh rhu iqf=k;ksa dks iSls ds ykyp esa on~èkksa dsgkFk csp nsrk gSA vafre iq=kh y{eh dh tc ckjhvkrh gS rc mldk iq=k o#.k le; ij iqfyl dkscqykdj mldh j{kk djrk gSA o#.k iqfyl ls vkxzgdjrk gS fd bl uhp gjdr ds fy, firk dks dM+hls dM+h ltk ns rkfd Hkfo"; esa dksbZ nwljk firkviuh csVh ds lkFk vuhfr djus dk lkgl u djldsA

dFkkdkj MkW- enqyk >k ds dgkuh laxzg ^,dlp ,slk Hkh* dh lkjh dgkfu;k¡ cgqr mPpdksfV dhvkSj lekt dks vPNh jkg fn[kykus okyh gSaA vkt dslekt esa ftruh Hkh ?kVuk,¡ ns[kus&lquus esa vkrh gSamUghadk fp=k.k ladyu dh dgkfu;ksa esa gqvk gSA ;gladyu lkekftd ,oa ikfjokfjd ifjos'k dk niZ.k gSAtu&thou&txr ls tqM+h gksus ds ukrs okLrfodrk lscsgn laf'y"V izfØ;k ikBd dks vkn~;ar ck¡èks j[kus esal{ke gSA vkdkjxr y?kqrk ds ckotwn dgkfu;k¡ izHkkoMkyrh gSaA enqyk >k dk dFkkdkj ukjhtU; laLdkjksadh vfHkO;fDr esa vfèkd jerk gSA budh ukfj;k¡lekt dh thrh&tkxrh fp=kkofy;k¡ gaSA ;s lekt dsfofHkUu oxks± ls vkrh gSa vkSj ukjh dh laiw.k Z

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 97

izofRr;ksa&laosnukvksa dks mtkxj djrh gSaA ladyu dhdgkfu;ksa ds ik=k&pkgs og cgknqj vkn~;k gks] la?k"kZ'khy?kqjuh ;k cqèkuh gks] la;qDr ifjokj dh fgek;rh lqfiz;kgks] lkl&llqj dh lsfodk vatuk gks] ekroRlyk 'kqfpgks] tkackt firk dh iq=kh vkapy gks ;k fiQj viuh ghek¡ ls bZ";kZ djrh 'kqHkkaxh gks_ lcdh lc Hkkjrh;lekt dh mit gSa vkSj ukjhxr laLdkjksa dk i"Biks"k.kdjrh gSaA dFkkdkj us buds pfj=kksa dk foU;kl Hkyhizdkj ls fd;k gS] ftlls ;s vkn'kZ pfj=k cu xbZ gSaA

ladyu dh dgkfu;ksa dh Hkk"kk ljy ,oa lqcksèkxE;gSA Hkk"kk dh rktxh] Hkkoksa dh deuh;rk vkSj dF;dh lknxh ls laxzg dh dgkfu;k¡ viuk LFkk;h izHkkoNksM+us esa iw.kZ:is.k dke;kc gSaA Hkk"kk Hkkoksa dks cgk,pyrh gS vkSj ikBd Mwcrk&mrjkrk jgrk gSA ldkjkRedlksp dh ;s dgkfu;k¡ ikBdksa ds fy, lq#fpiw.kZ gksaxh],slh gh dkeuk gSA

µ ch- 33] Vkbi&IV] Hkwfery] Ñf"k fogkj] ubZ fnYyh& 110048

qqq

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98 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

igkM+h thou vkSj izÑfr lkSan;ZMkW- dsoy Ñ".k 'kekZ

d ye ds èkuh] lkfgR; dh gj foèkk esa ikjaxr] thou dh vusdkusd ckèkkvksa lstw>us okys lkfgR;dkj ;'kiky 'kekZ dh ;g uoÑfr;k=kk laLej.k ^vkLFkk ds lksiku* vius vki esa tEewd'ehj ij ,d vn~Hkqr nLrkost gSA ftldk ys[kdLo;a gh p'enhn xokg gSA blesa fufgr fo"k;ksa dks,d ,slk vkèkkj iznku fd;k gS_ ftlls Lo;a ghikBdksa ds lEeq[k tEew&d'ehj ds vk;keksa dh ijrsamtkxj gksrh gSaA loZizFke igkM+h thou dh ckr djsarks dguk gksxk fd igkM+h thou dk nwljk uke^izÑfr* gSA ;gk¡ izÑfr ckgj ugha cfYd gj d'ehjhdk vfHkUu vax fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ;g vfHkUurk gh ;gk¡ds thou dks [kwclwjr cukrh gSA bl ;k=kk laLej.k esaeuq"; vkSj izÑfr ds ,d gksus dk ,glkl feyrk gSA

igkM+ksa dh izÑfr esa tUes&iys ys[kd izfrfnubl vkuanksRlo dk vkuan xzg.k djrk gSA ys[kd dkcpiu vkSj tokuh d'ehj Hkwfe ls lVs {ks=k cgknqjiqjxk¡o ftyk xqjnkliqj ls tqM+h gSA budh Lefr;ksa esanfj;kvksa ds ikuh yjtrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA igkM+ksa dhizÑfr esa jaxs gksus ds dkj.k bl izÑfr dks gkFk ls Nwdj eglwl fd;k gSA ;g blfy, LokHkkfod gS]D;ksafd og vius] vius leqnk;] vius vkliM+ksl dsthou ifjorZuks a dks yf{kr djrk pyk tkrk gSAèkkfeZd] lkaLÑfrd] vkfFkZd] lkekftd] jktuSfrd vkSjHkkSxksfyd ifjn';ksa dks fyficn~èk djrk gqvk Hkko&foHkksjgks tkrk gSA

^vkLFkk ds lksiku*@ MkW- ;'kiky 'kekZ@ ;k=kk laLej.k@ izdk'kd% nhid ifCy'ktZ+] ekbZ&ghjkxsV] tkyaèkj&144008@izdk'ku o"kZ % 2018@ i"B % 304@ ewY; % `595@&

;k=kk ds izFke lksiku esa fcuk flD;ksfjVh dsdfBu ckck vejukFk ;k=kk] ;gk¡ dk csxkukiu] ng'kr]fyn~nj unh ds ik'oZorhZ bl bykds esa ;fn Hkkjrljdkj gS rks lsuk dh 'kfDr ds cy ijA lsuk vkSjl'kDr vèkZ lSfud cy u gksa rks bl ;k=kk ls lqjf{krdsoy ckck vejukFk dh Ñik gh ykSVk ldrh gSAigyxke] panuckM+h] fiLlqf'k[kj] 'ks"kukx] iaprj.kh]egkxqul ioZr] HkSjo?kkVh ls xqtjrh gqbZ laxe ijifo=k xqiQk esa fgefyax ds n'kZuA ;k=kk dgha iSnydgha [kPpj ls r; gksrh gSA bu lHkh dk o.kZu cM+sfoLrr&jkspd <ax ls gqvk gSA blesa vkLFkk dh xwat gS]izÑfr dk o.kZu gS] i;kZoj.k dh fpark gS] ys[kd dkfparu gS] cspkjxh gS] fjLd vkSj jksekap gSA 'kSo&n'kZu,sfrgkfld laLÑr fon~oku dYg.k] ykMZ ekÅaVosVu]My >hy ds ckjs esa Kku&oèkZd tkudkjh nsuk ughaHkwys ys[kdA

n~forh; [kaM esa xqyexZ] ½f"k laiznk; dk bfrgklf[kyu exZ dk izkÑfrd lkSan;Z] f'ko&eafnj ogk¡ dsvke ,oa [kkl tuksa ls okrkZyki] fLFkfr;ksa--- ifjfLFkfr;ksadh tkudkjh ikBdksa dh mRlqdrk dks c<+krh gSAeksukfylk gkÅl yys'ojh ds n'kZu] gtjr cy efLtn]nsoh [khj Hkokuh] p'ek 'kkgh] feuh>hy] ijhegy]fu'kkr ckx] gfj ioZr] NBh ikrk'kkgh xq#n~okjk] o.kZuviuh ltu'khy izfØ;k ds ekè;e ls laosnukvksa dksiz[kj] cgqLrjh; o cgqvk;keh cukrs gSaA buds lanHkZ]

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 99

fo"k; vkSj vfHkO;fDr ,oa f'kYi ikBd dks ck¡èksj[krk gSA bl ;k=kk esa ys[kd dk tTck] vkLFkk vkSjfo'okl vrhr dh Le`fr;ksa esa viuk otwn ryk'krsfn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA ;k=kk&laLej.k dk fo"k; vareZu dh;k=kk gS] tks budks fd'kksjkoLFkk ls izks<+koLFkk rd ystkrk gSA budh vuqHkwfr;ksa vkSj ,glklksa dk fuFkjkgqvk lkj izLrqr djrk gSA

ys[kd us viuh iSuh ut+j ls fooLrrk unh dsbfrgkl] dkthxqqaM ekfdZV dk o.kZu vkradokn lsihfM+r yksxksa dh O;Fkk] ogk¡ ds jktuSfrd ifjn'; dk[kqyklk] ;g tkuk cw>k rF; fd ogk¡ dk gj vkradoknleFkZd vyxkooknh d'ehjh laiUu gSA og fganwLrkuvkSj ikfdLrku nksuksa vksj d'ehfj;r dh nykyh [kkrkgSA bUgha yksxksa us ?kkVh ls fganqvksa] iafMrksa dks Hkxkdjmuds ?kjksa] [ksrksa&cxhpksa ij dCtk fd;k gSA ;k=kk dsjlkLoknu esa ,slh ckrsa fgpdh tSlk vlj Mkyrh gSaAnwljh vksj] ys[kd dks dqN yksx ,sls Hkh feyrs gSa tksfu%LokFkZ izse ds mnkRr vkSj vkfRed :i dh dkeukdjrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa ,slh ^izÑfr* ,sls ifjos'k ds vknhO;fDr izÑfr dk fgLlk cu tkrs gaSA ;s gh gSa os yksxtks ml ^laLÑfr* dks thfor j[ks gq, gSa] ftudsdlhns mins'k ds :i esa vDlj dk<+s tkrs gSaA fcukml izÑfr dks le>sA cdkSy ;'kiky 'kekZ& ¶d'ehjls ysdj dU;kdqekjh rd Hkkjr o"kZ esa jgus okysukxfjdksa dk tEew&d'ehj dh bap&bap Hkwfe ij lekuvfèkdkj gSA ;g 'kkar je.kh; Hkw&Hkkx fdlh tkfrjktuSfrd ny fo'ks"k u gksdj lok lkS djksM+ Hkkjrokfl;ksadk gSA ;g fdlh O;fDr dh] laiznk; dh tkxhj ughagSA ;g fganwLrku dk vfHkUu vax gS vkSj jgsxkA¸

;'kiky dh bl ;k=kk laLej.k esa nk'kZfud eqnzkesa thou dh igsyh dks lqy>kus dk iz;Ru djrsfn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA tEew&d'ehj ls lacafèkr dqN 'kk'oriz'u ftUgsa gj dksbZ viuh rjiQ ls mBkrk gS_ dklekèkku [kkstus dks vareZu ls ckè; fd;k gSA lkFk gh

lkFk cgqr ljy] lgt vkSj ekfeZd vankt esa lqlaizs"k.kh;cudj tEew&d'ehj ds vketu dh rM+i us la?k"kZ lsvkosf"Vr] izfr'kksèk dh psruk ls laiUu gksdj ikBdksads ân; dks Li'kZ dj fo'okl dh ykS txkus dk ;Rufd;k gSA Ñfr ds ekè;e ls orZeku le; dh fofHkUu=kklfn;k¡] [kafMr gksrs ekuoewY;] lekIr gksrh laosnukvksadks cpkus esa] vkLFkk&d#.kk] HkzkrRo izse c<+kus esaiz;kljr ;Ruksa dk c[kwch fuoZgu fd;k gSA eafnjksa ds'kgj tEew ds èkkfeZd LFkyksa ds n'kZu&i'kZu djvuqHko vkSj Kku ds p{kqvksa ls fo'o ds yksxksa dksmuds bfrgkl] mRFkku&iru] tEew ds jktkvksa dkbfrgkl] Hkwr&Hkfo"; ,oa orZeku dks ns[krs gq, czg~ekaMn'; ls ;g lkjk lkj fupksM+k gSA bl LoxZ&Hkwfe dh;s izÑfr&o`{k&taxy gh ekuo thou ds vkèkkj gSaAbUgha ls l`f"V dk lkSan;Z gSA ;g lHkh blds vax gSAbuls izkIr èku&èkkU;] iQy&iQwy] ouLifr;k¡ vkfn dksxzg.k djds gh rks 'kfDr feyrh gSA ;g lc dqNcckZn gksrs ns[k ys[kd dk dksey eu ihM+k ls djkgmBrk gSA

dfo ân; tks BgjkA LFkkuh; igkM+h] Mksxjh ,oad'ehjh 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx bldks LFkkuh; lhek esa ck¡èkusdh {kerk j[krk gSA blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd fdlhHkh v¡py fo'ks"k esa jgus okys ys[kd dh jpukvksa esaml v¡py ds LFkkuh; 'kCnksa vkSj Hkk"kk iz;ksxksa dkviuh jpukvksa esa bLrseky ,d LokHkkfod fLFkfr gSA;gh dkj.k gS fd ;'kiky th vius ikBdksa dks'kuS%'kuS lkekftd] nSfud o vkfFkZd ifjos'k esa mrkjrspys tkrs gSaA ftlls ikBdksa dks ogk¡ i"BHkwfe dk Kkugksrk pyk tkrk gSA 'kSyh dh ckr djsa rks ikBd dksvar rd ck¡èkus esa leFkZ gSaA ikBd ?kj cSBs gh bl;k=kk dk vkuan ysaxsA ,slk esjk fo'okl gSA bluoÑfr ij esjh vksj ls <+sj lkjh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡A

qqq

µ 653] U;w 'kkL=kh uxj] ut+nhd cl LVSaM] iBkudksV] iatkc

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100 n tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 H "kk ISSN 0523-1418

laidZ lw=

1- MkW- vfuy dqekj] vks&27] flfoy Vkmuf'ki] jkmjdsyk] vksfM'kk&769004

2- MkW- lanhi j.kfHkjdj] lgk;d izkè;kid] fganh foHkkx] jktLFkku dsanzh; fo'ofon~;ky;] ckanjflanjh]fd'kux<+&305801] ftyk&vtesj (jktLFkku)

3- MkW- panzdkark fdujk] lh&29] lh- lh- dkWyksuh] fnYyh&110007

4- Jh lqjs'k èkhaxM+k] 99] dknacjh] lsDVj&9] jksfg.kh] fnYyh&110085

5- MkW- banznso Hkksyk banzukFk] Schoenfield Road, Riviere du Rampart, Mauritius

6- MkW- ,e- 'ks"ku~] ^xq# Ñik*] IykWV 790] MkW- jkekLokeh lykb] ds- ds- uxj (if'pe)] psUubZ&600078

7- vkpk;Z MkW- ds'kojke 'kekZ] ch&59] lM+d ua- 3] mRrjh NTtw iqj] fnYyh&110094

8- lqJh çhfr çdk'k] 'kksèkkFkhZ] fganh foHkkx] rstiqj fo'ofon~;ky;] rstiqj] vle

9- MkW- vuq'kCn] vflLVsaV çksiQslj] fganh foHkkx] rstiqj fo'ofon~;ky;] rstiqj] vle

10- izks- ,e- osadVs'oj] ÝySV ua- 310] dapjsyk VkWolZ] eq'khjkckn] gSnjkckn & 500020

11- lqJh bafnjk nk¡xh] [ksM+kifr guqeku eafnj ds ikl] lwn isVªksy iai ds ihNs] ykÅ[ksM+h] ,;jiksVZ jksM] Hkksiky(e- iz-) 462030

12- MkW- Ñ".kk dne] lgk;d izkè;kid] fganh foHkkx] vadq'kjko Vksis egkfon~;ky;] tkyuk&431203] egkjk"Vª

13- Jh banz cgknqj xq:Ä] dkyfpuh vkmV fMohtu] iksLV & dkyfpuh tyikbx<+h] MqolZ&735217A

14- MkW- oklqnso lqukuh] d{k la[;k & 493&,] Ñf"k Hkou] eRL; ikyu] i'kqikyu vkSj Ms;jh foHkkx] ubZfnYyh&110001

15- MkW- vt; dqekj iVuk;d] ^riksoue~*] IykWV ua-& 1032@2402] izxfr uxj] ;wfuV&8] Hkqous'oj&751003(vksfM'kk)

16- Jherh fdj.k dqekjh gkWlnkd] xzke % HkVksa<+k nqxhZVksyk] iks- dkBksu] Fkkuk& iksjs;kgkV] ftyk&xksM~Mk&814153

17- MkW- jhHkk frokjh] ,l- ch- vkbZ- dkWyksuh ls igys] iQtyxat] lklkjke] jksgrkl (fcgkj)&821115

18- Jh jkèks';ke caèkq] ch&3@ 163] ;equk fogkj] fnYyh&110053

19- lqJh o"kkZ lksyadh] Mh& 4, vk;dj dkWyksuh] etqjk xsV] lwjr] xqtjkr

20- izks- jktukFk HkV~V] Hkk"kk foKku foHkkx] dk'kh fganw fo'ofon~;ky;] okjk.klh& 221005

Page 103: kk - Ministry of Human Resource Developmentchdpublication.mhrd.gov.in › ebook › pdf › Bhasha July-August 2019.pdf · ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ius Lrjh; s[ku ds nokjk lai.kZ fganh tr

"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 101

21- MkW- 'kdqaryk dkyjk] ,u- Mh-& 57] ihreiqjk] fnYyh&110034

22- Jh vk'kk izlkn] ch- 33] Vkbi&IV] Hkwfery] Ñf"k fogkj] ubZ fnYyh& 110048

23- MkW- dsoy Ñ".k 'kekZ] 653] U;w 'kkL=kh uxj] ut+nhd cl LVSaM] iBkudksV] iatkc

qqq

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"kk ISSN 0523-1418 tqykbZ&vxLr 2019 n 103

Page 105: kk - Ministry of Human Resource Developmentchdpublication.mhrd.gov.in › ebook › pdf › Bhasha July-August 2019.pdf · ^Hkk"kk* if=kdk ius Lrjh; s[ku ds nokjk lai.kZ fganh tr